1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 * distribution. 14 * 15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 28 #include <sys/param.h> 29 #include <sys/disklabel32.h> 30 #include <sys/diskmbr.h> 31 #include <sys/diskslice.h> 32 #include <sys/mount.h> 33 #include <sys/stat.h> 34 #include <sys/time.h> 35 36 #include <machine/ioctl_fd.h> 37 38 #include <ctype.h> 39 #include <disktab.h> 40 #include <err.h> 41 #include <errno.h> 42 #include <fcntl.h> 43 #include <inttypes.h> 44 #include <paths.h> 45 #include <signal.h> 46 #include <stdio.h> 47 #include <stdlib.h> 48 #include <string.h> 49 #include <time.h> 50 #include <unistd.h> 51 52 #include "mkfs_msdos.h" 53 54 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 55 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 56 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 57 58 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 59 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 60 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 61 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 62 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 63 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 64 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 65 #define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 66 #define MINCLS16 0xff5U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 67 #define MINCLS32 0xfff5U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 68 #define MAXCLS12 0xff4U /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 69 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff4U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 70 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff4U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 71 72 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 73 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 74 MINCLS32) 75 76 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 77 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 78 MAXCLS32) 79 80 #define mk1(p, x) \ 81 (p) = (uint8_t)(x) 82 83 #define mk2(p, x) \ 84 (p)[0] = (uint8_t)(x), \ 85 (p)[1] = (uint8_t)((x) >> 010) 86 87 #define mk4(p, x) \ 88 (p)[0] = (uint8_t)(x), \ 89 (p)[1] = (uint8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 90 (p)[2] = (uint8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 91 (p)[3] = (uint8_t)((x) >> 030) 92 93 struct bs { 94 uint8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 95 uint8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 96 } __packed; 97 98 struct bsbpb { 99 uint8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 100 uint8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 101 uint8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 102 uint8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 103 uint8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */ 104 uint8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */ 105 uint8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 106 uint8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 107 uint8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */ 108 uint8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */ 109 uint8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 110 uint8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */ 111 } __packed; 112 113 struct bsxbpb { 114 uint8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 115 uint8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 116 uint8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */ 117 uint8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 118 uint8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */ 119 uint8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 120 uint8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */ 121 } __packed; 122 123 struct bsx { 124 uint8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */ 125 uint8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */ 126 uint8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */ 127 uint8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */ 128 uint8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */ 129 uint8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */ 130 } __packed; 131 132 struct de { 133 uint8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */ 134 uint8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */ 135 uint8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 136 uint8_t deMTime[2]; /* last-modified time */ 137 uint8_t deMDate[2]; /* last-modified date */ 138 uint8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */ 139 uint8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */ 140 } __packed; 141 142 struct bpb { 143 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */ 144 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 145 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */ 146 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 147 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */ 148 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */ 149 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 150 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */ 151 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */ 152 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */ 153 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */ 154 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */ 155 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */ 156 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */ 157 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */ 158 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */ 159 }; 160 161 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 162 163 static struct { 164 const char *name; 165 struct bpb bpb; 166 } const stdfmt[] = { 167 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}}, 168 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}}, 169 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 170 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 171 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 172 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 173 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}}, 174 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 175 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}}, 176 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}} 177 }; 178 179 static const uint8_t bootcode[] = { 180 0xfa, /* cli */ 181 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 182 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 183 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 184 0xfb, /* sti */ 185 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 186 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 187 0x5e, /* pop si */ 188 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 189 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 190 0xfc, /* cld */ 191 0xac, /* lodsb */ 192 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 193 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 194 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 195 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 196 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 197 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 198 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 199 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 200 0x0d, 0x0a, 201 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 202 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 203 0x0d, 0x0a, 204 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 205 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 206 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 207 0x0d, 0x0a, 208 0 209 }; 210 211 static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo; 212 static void infohandler(int); 213 214 static int check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 215 static int getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 216 static int getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *); 217 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 218 static int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 219 static void mklabel(uint8_t *, const char *); 220 static int oklabel(const char *); 221 static void setstr(uint8_t *, const char *, size_t); 222 223 int 224 mkfs_msdos(const char *fname, const char *dtype, const struct msdos_options *op) 225 { 226 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 227 struct sigaction si_sa; 228 struct stat sb; 229 struct timeval tv; 230 struct bpb bpb; 231 struct tm *tm; 232 struct bs *bs; 233 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 234 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 235 struct bsx *bsx; 236 struct de *de; 237 uint8_t *img; 238 const char *bname; 239 ssize_t n; 240 time_t now; 241 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 242 u_int extra_res, alignment, saved_x, attempts=0; 243 bool set_res, set_spf, set_spc; 244 int fd, fd1, rv; 245 struct msdos_options o = *op; 246 247 img = NULL; 248 rv = -1; 249 fd = fd1 = -1; 250 251 if (o.block_size && o.sectors_per_cluster) { 252 warnx("Cannot specify both block size and sectors per cluster"); 253 goto done; 254 } 255 if (o.OEM_string && strlen(o.OEM_string) > 8) { 256 warnx("%s: bad OEM string", o.OEM_string); 257 goto done; 258 } 259 if (o.create_size) { 260 if (o.no_create) { 261 warnx("create (-C) is incompatible with -N"); 262 goto done; 263 } 264 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644); 265 if (fd == -1) { 266 warnx("failed to create %s", fname); 267 goto done; 268 } 269 if (ftruncate(fd, o.create_size)) { 270 warnx("failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)o.create_size); 271 goto done; 272 } 273 } else if ((fd = open(fname, o.no_create ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) { 274 warn("%s", fname); 275 goto done; 276 } 277 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) { 278 warn("%s", fname); 279 goto done; 280 } 281 if (o.create_size) { 282 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 283 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname); 284 } else { 285 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 286 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname); 287 } 288 if (!o.no_create) 289 if (check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode) == -1) 290 goto done; 291 if (o.offset && o.offset != lseek(fd, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) { 292 warnx("cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)o.offset); 293 goto done; 294 } 295 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 296 if (o.floppy) { 297 if (getstdfmt(o.floppy, &bpb) == -1) 298 goto done; 299 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors; 300 bpb.bpbSectors = 0; 301 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs; 302 bpb.bpbFATsecs = 0; 303 } 304 if (o.drive_heads) 305 bpb.bpbHeads = o.drive_heads; 306 if (o.sectors_per_track) 307 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = o.sectors_per_track; 308 if (o.bytes_per_sector) 309 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = o.bytes_per_sector; 310 if (o.size) 311 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = o.size; 312 if (o.hidden_sectors_set) 313 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = o.hidden_sectors; 314 if (!(o.floppy || (o.drive_heads && o.sectors_per_track && 315 o.bytes_per_sector && o.size && o.hidden_sectors_set))) { 316 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, o.hidden_sectors_set, &bpb); 317 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (o.offset / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 318 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */ 319 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */ 320 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1; 321 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */ 322 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8; 323 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */ 324 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16; 325 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */ 326 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32; 327 else 328 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */ 329 } 330 } 331 if (!powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) { 332 warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 333 goto done; 334 } 335 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS) { 336 warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 337 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, MINBPS); 338 goto done; 339 } 340 341 if (o.volume_label && !oklabel(o.volume_label)) { 342 warnx("%s: bad volume label", o.volume_label); 343 goto done; 344 } 345 if (!(fat = o.fat_type)) { 346 if (o.floppy) 347 fat = 12; 348 else if (!o.directory_entries && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector)) 349 fat = 32; 350 } 351 if ((fat == 32 && o.directory_entries) || 352 (fat != 32 && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))) { 353 warnx("-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 354 fat == 32 ? 'e' : o.info_sector ? 'i' : 'k', 355 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 356 goto done; 357 } 358 if (o.floppy && fat == 32) 359 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0; 360 if (fat != 0 && fat != 12 && fat != 16 && fat != 32) { 361 warnx("%d: bad FAT type", fat); 362 goto done; 363 } 364 365 if (o.block_size) { 366 if (!powerof2(o.block_size)) { 367 warnx("block size (%u) is not a power of 2", o.block_size); 368 goto done; 369 } 370 if (o.block_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 371 warnx("block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 372 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 373 goto done; 374 } 375 if (o.block_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) { 376 warnx("block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 377 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC); 378 goto done; 379 } 380 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.block_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 381 } 382 if (o.sectors_per_cluster) { 383 if (!powerof2(o.sectors_per_cluster)) { 384 warnx("sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", 385 o.sectors_per_cluster); 386 goto done; 387 } 388 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.sectors_per_cluster; 389 } 390 if (o.reserved_sectors) 391 bpb.bpbResSectors = o.reserved_sectors; 392 if (o.num_FAT) { 393 if (o.num_FAT > MAXNFT) { 394 warnx("number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 395 o.num_FAT, MAXNFT); 396 goto done; 397 } 398 bpb.bpbFATs = o.num_FAT; 399 } 400 if (o.directory_entries) 401 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = o.directory_entries; 402 if (o.media_descriptor_set) { 403 if (o.media_descriptor < 0xf0) { 404 warnx("illegal media descriptor (%#x)", o.media_descriptor); 405 goto done; 406 } 407 bpb.bpbMedia = o.media_descriptor; 408 } 409 if (o.sectors_per_fat) 410 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = o.sectors_per_fat; 411 if (o.info_sector) 412 bpb.bpbFSInfo = o.info_sector; 413 if (o.backup_sector) 414 bpb.bpbBackup = o.backup_sector; 415 bss = 1; 416 bname = NULL; 417 fd1 = -1; 418 if (o.bootstrap) { 419 bname = o.bootstrap; 420 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 421 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 422 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) { 423 warn(NULL); 424 goto done; 425 } 426 } 427 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) { 428 warn("%s", bname); 429 goto done; 430 } 431 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 432 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 433 sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) { 434 warnx("%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 435 goto done; 436 } 437 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 438 } 439 if (!bpb.bpbFATs) 440 bpb.bpbFATs = 2; 441 if (!fat) { 442 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 443 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 444 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN, 445 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * 446 bpb.bpbFATs + 447 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE, 448 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 449 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 450 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 451 howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 452 fat = 12; 453 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors < 454 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 455 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) * 456 bpb.bpbFATs + 457 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 458 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 459 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 460 howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 461 fat = 16; 462 else 463 fat = 32; 464 } 465 x = bss; 466 if (fat == 32) { 467 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 468 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) { 469 warnx("no room for info sector"); 470 goto done; 471 } 472 bpb.bpbFSInfo = x; 473 } 474 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo) 475 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1; 476 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) { 477 if (x == MAXU16) { 478 warnx("no room for backup sector"); 479 goto done; 480 } 481 bpb.bpbBackup = x; 482 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 483 warnx("backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 484 goto done; 485 } 486 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup) 487 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1; 488 } 489 490 extra_res = 0; 491 alignment = 0; 492 set_res = (bpb.bpbResSectors == 0); 493 set_spf = (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0); 494 set_spc = (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0); 495 saved_x = x; 496 497 /* 498 * Attempt to align the root directory to cluster if o.align is set. 499 * This is done by padding with reserved blocks. Note that this can 500 * cause other factors to change, which can in turn change the alignment. 501 * This should take at most 2 iterations, as increasing the reserved 502 * amount may cause the FAT size to decrease by 1, requiring another 503 * bpbFATs reserved blocks. If bpbSecPerClust changes, it will 504 * be half of its previous size, and thus will not throw off alignment. 505 */ 506 do { 507 x = saved_x; 508 if (set_res) 509 bpb.bpbResSectors = ((fat == 32) ? 510 MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x) + extra_res; 511 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) { 512 warnx("too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x, 513 bpb.bpbResSectors); 514 goto done; 515 } 516 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts) 517 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE; 518 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts, 519 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)); 520 if (set_spc) { 521 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : 522 DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 523 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC && (bpb.bpbResSectors + 524 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 525 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * bpb.bpbFATs + 526 rds + 527 (u_int64_t) (maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust) <= 528 bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 529 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1) 530 continue; 531 532 } 533 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) { 534 warnx("too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 535 goto done; 536 } 537 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds; 538 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1; 539 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) { 540 warnx("meta data exceeds file system size"); 541 goto done; 542 } 543 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs; 544 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / 545 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB + 546 fat / BPN * bpb.bpbFATs); 547 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 548 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB); 549 if (set_spf) { 550 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0) 551 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2; 552 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs; 553 } 554 if (set_res) { 555 /* attempt to align root directory */ 556 alignment = (bpb.bpbResSectors + bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbFATs) % 557 bpb.bpbSecPerClust; 558 if (o.align) 559 extra_res += bpb.bpbSecPerClust - alignment; 560 } 561 attempts++; 562 } while (o.align && alignment != 0 && attempts < 2); 563 if (o.align && alignment != 0) 564 warnx("warning: Alignment failed."); 565 566 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust; 567 x = (uint64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) - 568 RESFTE; 569 if (cls > x) 570 cls = x; 571 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2) 572 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 573 cls); 574 if (cls < mincls(fat)) { 575 warnx("%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 576 mincls(fat)); 577 goto done; 578 } 579 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 580 cls = maxcls(fat); 581 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1; 582 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 583 bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 584 } 585 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 586 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust, 587 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 588 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 589 if (!bpb.bpbMedia) 590 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 591 if (fat == 32) 592 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE; 593 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) { 594 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 595 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0; 596 } 597 if (fat != 32) { 598 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs; 599 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0; 600 } 601 print_bpb(&bpb); 602 if (!o.no_create) { 603 if (o.timestamp_set) { 604 tv.tv_sec = now = o.timestamp; 605 tv.tv_usec = 0; 606 tm = gmtime(&now); 607 } else { 608 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 609 now = tv.tv_sec; 610 tm = localtime(&now); 611 } 612 613 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) { 614 warn(NULL); 615 goto done; 616 } 617 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 618 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs; 619 memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa)); 620 si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler; 621 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1) { 622 warn("sigaction SIGINFO"); 623 goto done; 624 } 625 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) { 626 if (got_siginfo) { 627 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n", 628 fname, lsn, 629 (dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)), 630 (lsn * 100) / (dir + 631 (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds))); 632 got_siginfo = 0; 633 } 634 x = lsn; 635 if (o.bootstrap && 636 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 637 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) { 638 x -= bpb.bpbBackup; 639 if (!x && lseek(fd1, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) { 640 warn("%s", bname); 641 goto done; 642 } 643 } 644 if (o.bootstrap && x < bss) { 645 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) { 646 warn("%s", bname); 647 goto done; 648 } 649 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 650 warnx("%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 651 goto done; 652 } 653 } else 654 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 655 if (!lsn || 656 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 657 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) { 658 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 659 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 660 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 661 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 662 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors); 663 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs); 664 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts); 665 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors); 666 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia); 667 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs); 668 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack); 669 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads); 670 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs); 671 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 672 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 673 if (fat == 32) { 674 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 675 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs); 676 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0); 677 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0); 678 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust); 679 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo); 680 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup); 681 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 682 } 683 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 684 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29); 685 if (o.volume_id_set) 686 x = o.volume_id; 687 else 688 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 689 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 690 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 691 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 692 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 693 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 694 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 695 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x); 696 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, o.volume_label ? o.volume_label : "NO NAME"); 697 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat); 698 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType)); 699 if (!o.bootstrap) { 700 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 701 bs = (struct bs *)img; 702 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb); 703 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2); 704 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90); 705 setstr(bs->bsOemName, o.OEM_string ? o.OEM_string : "BSD4.4 ", 706 sizeof(bs->bsOemName)); 707 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 708 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 709 } 710 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && 711 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo || 712 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 713 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) { 714 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 715 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272); 716 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff); 717 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, 0xffffffff); 718 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 719 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir && 720 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) % 721 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 722 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) { 723 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia); 724 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 725 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 726 } else if (lsn == dir && o.volume_label) { 727 de = (struct de *)img; 728 mklabel(de->deName, o.volume_label); 729 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050); 730 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 731 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 732 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 733 mk2(de->deMTime, x); 734 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 735 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 736 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 737 mk2(de->deMDate, x); 738 } 739 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) { 740 warn("%s", fname); 741 goto done; 742 } 743 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 744 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 745 goto done; 746 } 747 } 748 } 749 rv = 0; 750 done: 751 free(img); 752 if (fd != -1) 753 close(fd); 754 if (fd1 != -1) 755 close(fd1); 756 757 return rv; 758 } 759 760 /* 761 * return -1 with error if file system is mounted. 762 */ 763 static int 764 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 765 { 766 struct statfs *mp; 767 const char *s1, *s2; 768 size_t len; 769 int n, r; 770 771 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) { 772 warn("getmntinfo"); 773 return -1; 774 } 775 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 776 s1 = fname; 777 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 778 s1 += len; 779 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 780 for (; n--; mp++) { 781 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 782 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 783 s2 += len; 784 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 785 !strcmp(s1, s2)) { 786 warnx("%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 787 return -1; 788 } 789 } 790 return 0; 791 } 792 793 /* 794 * Get a standard format. 795 */ 796 static int 797 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 798 { 799 u_int x, i; 800 801 x = NELEM(stdfmt); 802 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 803 if (i == x) { 804 warnx("%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 805 return -1; 806 } 807 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 808 return 0; 809 } 810 811 /* 812 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 813 */ 814 static int 815 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag, 816 struct bpb *bpb) 817 { 818 struct disklabel32 *lp, dlp; 819 struct fd_type type; 820 struct partinfo pi; 821 off_t ms = 0, hs = 0; 822 823 lp = NULL; 824 825 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */ 826 if (dtype != NULL) { 827 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype); 828 } 829 830 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */ 831 if (lp == NULL) { 832 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGPART, &pi) == -1) { 833 struct stat st; 834 835 if (fstat(fd, &st)) 836 err(1, "cannot get disk size"); 837 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */ 838 ms = st.st_size; 839 dlp.d_secsize = 512; 840 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 841 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 842 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 843 lp = &dlp; 844 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) { 845 ms = pi.media_size; 846 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize; 847 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac; 848 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads; 849 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 850 lp = &dlp; 851 } else { 852 ms = pi.media_size; 853 } 854 } 855 856 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */ 857 if (lp == NULL) { 858 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGPART, &pi) == - 1) 859 err(1, "cannot get disk information"); 860 dlp.d_secsize = pi.media_blksize; 861 dlp.d_nsectors = pi.d_secpertrack; 862 dlp.d_ntracks = pi.d_nheads; 863 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec) 864 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec; 865 866 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 867 868 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit; 869 lp = &dlp; 870 } 871 872 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) { 873 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector") == -1) 874 return -1; 875 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = lp->d_secsize; 876 } 877 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) { 878 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track") == -1) 879 return -1; 880 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = lp->d_nsectors; 881 } 882 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) { 883 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads") == -1) 884 return -1; 885 bpb->bpbHeads = lp->d_ntracks; 886 } 887 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0) 888 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit; 889 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0) 890 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs; 891 return 0; 892 } 893 894 /* 895 * Print out BPB values. 896 */ 897 static void 898 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 899 { 900 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u", 901 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors, 902 bpb->bpbFATs); 903 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts) 904 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts); 905 if (bpb->bpbSectors) 906 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors); 907 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia); 908 if (bpb->bpbFATsecs) 909 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs); 910 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack, 911 bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs); 912 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors) 913 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors); 914 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) { 915 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs, 916 bpb->bpbRootClust); 917 printf(" FSInfo="); 918 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo); 919 printf(" Backup="); 920 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup); 921 } 922 printf("\n"); 923 } 924 925 /* 926 * Check a disk geometry value. 927 */ 928 static int 929 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 930 { 931 if (!val) { 932 warnx("%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 933 return -1; 934 } 935 if (val > MAXU16) { 936 warnx("%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val); 937 return -1; 938 } 939 return 0; 940 } 941 942 /* 943 * Check a volume label. 944 */ 945 static int 946 oklabel(const char *src) 947 { 948 int c, i; 949 950 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 951 c = (u_char)*src++; 952 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 953 break; 954 } 955 return i && !c; 956 } 957 958 /* 959 * Make a volume label. 960 */ 961 static void 962 mklabel(uint8_t *dest, const char *src) 963 { 964 int c, i; 965 966 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 967 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 968 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 969 } 970 } 971 972 /* 973 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 974 */ 975 static void 976 setstr(uint8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 977 { 978 while (len--) 979 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 980 } 981 982 static void 983 infohandler(int sig __unused) 984 { 985 986 got_siginfo = 1; 987 } 988