1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 * distribution. 14 * 15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 * 27 * $FreeBSD: head/sbin/newfs_msdos/mkfs_msdos.c 305075 2016-08-30 18:01:26Z imp $ 28 */ 29 30 #include <sys/param.h> 31 #include <sys/disklabel32.h> 32 #include <sys/diskmbr.h> 33 #include <sys/diskslice.h> 34 #include <sys/mount.h> 35 #include <sys/stat.h> 36 #include <sys/time.h> 37 38 #include <machine/ioctl_fd.h> 39 40 #include <ctype.h> 41 #include <disktab.h> 42 #include <err.h> 43 #include <errno.h> 44 #include <fcntl.h> 45 #include <inttypes.h> 46 #include <paths.h> 47 #include <signal.h> 48 #include <stdio.h> 49 #include <stdlib.h> 50 #include <string.h> 51 #include <time.h> 52 #include <unistd.h> 53 54 #include "mkfs_msdos.h" 55 56 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 57 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 58 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 59 60 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 61 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 62 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 63 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 64 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 65 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 66 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 67 #define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 68 #define MINCLS16 0xff5U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 69 #define MINCLS32 0xfff5U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 70 #define MAXCLS12 0xff4U /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 71 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff4U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 72 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff4U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 73 74 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 75 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 76 MINCLS32) 77 78 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 79 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 80 MAXCLS32) 81 82 #define mk1(p, x) \ 83 (p) = (u_int8_t)(x) 84 85 #define mk2(p, x) \ 86 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 87 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010) 88 89 #define mk4(p, x) \ 90 (p)[0] = (u_int8_t)(x), \ 91 (p)[1] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 92 (p)[2] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 93 (p)[3] = (u_int8_t)((x) >> 030) 94 95 struct bs { 96 u_int8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 97 u_int8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 98 } __packed; 99 100 struct bsbpb { 101 u_int8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 102 u_int8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 103 u_int8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 104 u_int8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 105 u_int8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */ 106 u_int8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */ 107 u_int8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 108 u_int8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 109 u_int8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */ 110 u_int8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */ 111 u_int8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 112 u_int8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */ 113 } __packed; 114 115 struct bsxbpb { 116 u_int8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 117 u_int8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 118 u_int8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */ 119 u_int8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 120 u_int8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */ 121 u_int8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 122 u_int8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */ 123 } __packed; 124 125 struct bsx { 126 u_int8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */ 127 u_int8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */ 128 u_int8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */ 129 u_int8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */ 130 u_int8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */ 131 u_int8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */ 132 } __packed; 133 134 struct de { 135 u_int8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */ 136 u_int8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */ 137 u_int8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 138 u_int8_t deMTime[2]; /* last-modified time */ 139 u_int8_t deMDate[2]; /* last-modified date */ 140 u_int8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */ 141 u_int8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */ 142 } __packed; 143 144 struct bpb { 145 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */ 146 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 147 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */ 148 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 149 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */ 150 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */ 151 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 152 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */ 153 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */ 154 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */ 155 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */ 156 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */ 157 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */ 158 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */ 159 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */ 160 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */ 161 }; 162 163 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 164 165 static struct { 166 const char *name; 167 struct bpb bpb; 168 } const stdfmt[] = { 169 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}}, 170 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}}, 171 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 172 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 173 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 174 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 175 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}}, 176 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 177 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}}, 178 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}} 179 }; 180 181 static const u_int8_t bootcode[] = { 182 0xfa, /* cli */ 183 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 184 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 185 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 186 0xfb, /* sti */ 187 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 188 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 189 0x5e, /* pop si */ 190 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 191 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 192 0xfc, /* cld */ 193 0xac, /* lodsb */ 194 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 195 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 196 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 197 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 198 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 199 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 200 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 201 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 202 0x0d, 0x0a, 203 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 204 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 205 0x0d, 0x0a, 206 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 207 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 208 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 209 0x0d, 0x0a, 210 0 211 }; 212 213 static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo; 214 static void infohandler(int); 215 216 static int check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 217 static int getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 218 static int getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *); 219 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 220 static int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 221 static void mklabel(u_int8_t *, const char *); 222 static int oklabel(const char *); 223 static void setstr(u_int8_t *, const char *, size_t); 224 225 int 226 mkfs_msdos(const char *fname, const char *dtype, const struct msdos_options *op) 227 { 228 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 229 struct sigaction si_sa; 230 struct stat sb; 231 struct timeval tv; 232 struct bpb bpb; 233 struct tm *tm; 234 struct bs *bs; 235 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 236 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 237 struct bsx *bsx; 238 struct de *de; 239 u_int8_t *img; 240 const char *bname; 241 ssize_t n; 242 time_t now; 243 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 244 int fd, fd1, rv; 245 struct msdos_options o = *op; 246 247 img = NULL; 248 rv = -1; 249 250 if (o.block_size && o.sectors_per_cluster) { 251 warnx("Cannot specify both block size and sectors per cluster"); 252 goto done; 253 } 254 if (o.OEM_string && strlen(o.OEM_string) > 8) { 255 warnx("%s: bad OEM string", o.OEM_string); 256 goto done; 257 } 258 if (o.create_size) { 259 if (o.no_create) { 260 warnx("create (-C) is incompatible with -N"); 261 goto done; 262 } 263 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644); 264 if (fd == -1) { 265 warnx("failed to create %s", fname); 266 goto done; 267 } 268 if (ftruncate(fd, o.create_size)) { 269 warnx("failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)o.create_size); 270 goto done; 271 } 272 } else if ((fd = open(fname, o.no_create ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) { 273 warn("%s", fname); 274 goto done; 275 } 276 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) { 277 warn("%s", fname); 278 goto done; 279 } 280 if (o.create_size) { 281 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 282 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname); 283 } else { 284 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 285 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname); 286 } 287 if (!o.no_create) 288 if (check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode) == -1) 289 goto done; 290 if (o.offset && o.offset != lseek(fd, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) { 291 warnx("cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)o.offset); 292 goto done; 293 } 294 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 295 if (o.floppy) { 296 if (getstdfmt(o.floppy, &bpb) == -1) 297 goto done; 298 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors; 299 bpb.bpbSectors = 0; 300 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs; 301 bpb.bpbFATsecs = 0; 302 } 303 if (o.drive_heads) 304 bpb.bpbHeads = o.drive_heads; 305 if (o.sectors_per_track) 306 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = o.sectors_per_track; 307 if (o.bytes_per_sector) 308 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = o.bytes_per_sector; 309 if (o.size) 310 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = o.size; 311 if (o.hidden_sectors_set) 312 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = o.hidden_sectors; 313 if (!(o.floppy || (o.drive_heads && o.sectors_per_track && 314 o.bytes_per_sector && o.size && o.hidden_sectors_set))) { 315 getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, o.hidden_sectors_set, &bpb); 316 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (o.offset / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 317 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */ 318 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */ 319 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1; 320 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */ 321 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8; 322 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */ 323 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16; 324 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */ 325 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32; 326 else 327 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */ 328 } 329 } 330 if (!powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) { 331 warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is not a power of 2", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 332 goto done; 333 } 334 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS) { 335 warnx("bytes/sector (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 336 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, MINBPS); 337 goto done; 338 } 339 340 if (o.volume_label && !oklabel(o.volume_label)) { 341 warnx("%s: bad volume label", o.volume_label); 342 goto done; 343 } 344 if (!(fat = o.fat_type)) { 345 if (o.floppy) 346 fat = 12; 347 else if (!o.directory_entries && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector)) 348 fat = 32; 349 } 350 if ((fat == 32 && o.directory_entries) || (fat != 32 && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))) { 351 warnx("-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 352 fat == 32 ? 'e' : o.info_sector ? 'i' : 'k', 353 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 354 goto done; 355 } 356 if (o.floppy && fat == 32) 357 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0; 358 if (fat != 0 && fat != 12 && fat != 16 && fat != 32) { 359 warnx("%d: bad FAT type", fat); 360 goto done; 361 } 362 363 if (o.block_size) { 364 if (!powerof2(o.block_size)) { 365 warnx("block size (%u) is not a power of 2", o.block_size); 366 goto done; 367 } 368 if (o.block_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 369 warnx("block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 370 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 371 goto done; 372 } 373 if (o.block_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) { 374 warnx("block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 375 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC); 376 goto done; 377 } 378 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.block_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 379 } 380 if (o.sectors_per_cluster) { 381 if (!powerof2(o.sectors_per_cluster)) { 382 warnx("sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", 383 o.sectors_per_cluster); 384 goto done; 385 } 386 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.sectors_per_cluster; 387 } 388 if (o.reserved_sectors) 389 bpb.bpbResSectors = o.reserved_sectors; 390 if (o.num_FAT) { 391 if (o.num_FAT > MAXNFT) { 392 warnx("number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 393 o.num_FAT, MAXNFT); 394 goto done; 395 } 396 bpb.bpbFATs = o.num_FAT; 397 } 398 if (o.directory_entries) 399 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = o.directory_entries; 400 if (o.media_descriptor_set) { 401 if (o.media_descriptor < 0xf0) { 402 warnx("illegal media descriptor (%#x)", o.media_descriptor); 403 goto done; 404 } 405 bpb.bpbMedia = o.media_descriptor; 406 } 407 if (o.sectors_per_fat) 408 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = o.sectors_per_fat; 409 if (o.info_sector) 410 bpb.bpbFSInfo = o.info_sector; 411 if (o.backup_sector) 412 bpb.bpbBackup = o.backup_sector; 413 bss = 1; 414 bname = NULL; 415 fd1 = -1; 416 if (o.bootstrap) { 417 bname = o.bootstrap; 418 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 419 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 420 if (!(bname = strdup(buf))) { 421 warn(NULL); 422 goto done; 423 } 424 } 425 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) { 426 warn("%s", bname); 427 goto done; 428 } 429 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 430 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 431 sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) { 432 warnx("%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 433 goto done; 434 } 435 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 436 } 437 if (!bpb.bpbFATs) 438 bpb.bpbFATs = 2; 439 if (!fat) { 440 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 441 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 442 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN, 443 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * 444 bpb.bpbFATs + 445 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE, 446 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 447 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 448 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 449 howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 450 fat = 12; 451 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors < 452 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 453 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) * 454 bpb.bpbFATs + 455 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 456 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 457 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 458 howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 459 fat = 16; 460 else 461 fat = 32; 462 } 463 x = bss; 464 if (fat == 32) { 465 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 466 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) { 467 warnx("no room for info sector"); 468 goto done; 469 } 470 bpb.bpbFSInfo = x; 471 } 472 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo) 473 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1; 474 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) { 475 if (x == MAXU16) { 476 warnx("no room for backup sector"); 477 goto done; 478 } 479 bpb.bpbBackup = x; 480 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 481 warnx("backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 482 goto done; 483 } 484 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup) 485 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1; 486 } 487 if (!bpb.bpbResSectors) 488 bpb.bpbResSectors = fat == 32 ? 489 MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x; 490 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) { 491 warnx("too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x, 492 bpb.bpbResSectors); 493 goto done; 494 } 495 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts) 496 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE; 497 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)); 498 if (!bpb.bpbSecPerClust) 499 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : 500 DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 501 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC && 502 bpb.bpbResSectors + 503 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 504 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * 505 bpb.bpbFATs + 506 rds + 507 (u_int64_t) (maxcls(fat) + 1) * 508 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <= bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 509 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1) 510 continue; 511 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) { 512 warnx("too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 513 goto done; 514 } 515 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds; 516 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1; 517 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) { 518 warnx("meta data exceeds file system size"); 519 goto done; 520 } 521 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs; 522 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / 523 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB + fat / 524 BPN * bpb.bpbFATs); 525 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 526 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB); 527 if (!bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) { 528 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2; 529 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs; 530 } 531 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust; 532 x = (u_int64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) - 533 RESFTE; 534 if (cls > x) 535 cls = x; 536 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2) 537 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 538 cls); 539 if (cls < mincls(fat)) { 540 warnx("%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 541 mincls(fat)); 542 goto done; 543 } 544 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 545 cls = maxcls(fat); 546 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1; 547 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 548 bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 549 } 550 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 551 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust, 552 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 553 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 554 if (!bpb.bpbMedia) 555 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 556 if (fat == 32) 557 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE; 558 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) { 559 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 560 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0; 561 } 562 if (fat != 32) { 563 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs; 564 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0; 565 } 566 print_bpb(&bpb); 567 if (!o.no_create) { 568 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 569 now = tv.tv_sec; 570 tm = localtime(&now); 571 if (!(img = malloc(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) { 572 warn(NULL); 573 goto done; 574 } 575 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 576 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs; 577 memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa)); 578 si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler; 579 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1) { 580 warn("sigaction SIGINFO"); 581 goto done; 582 } 583 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) { 584 if (got_siginfo) { 585 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n", 586 fname, lsn, 587 (dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)), 588 (lsn * 100) / (dir + 589 (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds))); 590 got_siginfo = 0; 591 } 592 x = lsn; 593 if (o.bootstrap && 594 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 595 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) { 596 x -= bpb.bpbBackup; 597 if (!x && lseek(fd1, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) { 598 warn("%s", bname); 599 goto done; 600 } 601 } 602 if (o.bootstrap && x < bss) { 603 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) { 604 warn("%s", bname); 605 goto done; 606 } 607 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 608 warnx("%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 609 goto done; 610 } 611 } else 612 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 613 if (!lsn || 614 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 615 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) { 616 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 617 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 618 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 619 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 620 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors); 621 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs); 622 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts); 623 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors); 624 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia); 625 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs); 626 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack); 627 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads); 628 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs); 629 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 630 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 631 if (fat == 32) { 632 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 633 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs); 634 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0); 635 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0); 636 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust); 637 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo); 638 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup); 639 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 640 } 641 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 642 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29); 643 if (o.volume_id_set) 644 x = o.volume_id; 645 else 646 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 647 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 648 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 649 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 650 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 651 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 652 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 653 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x); 654 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, o.volume_label ? o.volume_label : "NO NAME"); 655 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat); 656 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType)); 657 if (!o.bootstrap) { 658 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 659 bs = (struct bs *)img; 660 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb); 661 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2); 662 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90); 663 setstr(bs->bsOemName, o.OEM_string ? o.OEM_string : "BSD4.4 ", 664 sizeof(bs->bsOemName)); 665 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 666 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 667 } 668 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && 669 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo || 670 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 671 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) { 672 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 673 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272); 674 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff); 675 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, bpb.bpbRootClust); 676 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 677 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir && 678 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) % 679 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 680 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) { 681 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia); 682 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 683 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 684 } else if (lsn == dir && o.volume_label) { 685 de = (struct de *)img; 686 mklabel(de->deName, o.volume_label); 687 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050); 688 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 689 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 690 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 691 mk2(de->deMTime, x); 692 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 693 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 694 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 695 mk2(de->deMDate, x); 696 } 697 if ((n = write(fd, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) { 698 warn("%s", fname); 699 goto done; 700 } 701 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 702 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 703 goto done; 704 } 705 } 706 } 707 rv = 0; 708 done: 709 free(img); 710 711 return rv; 712 } 713 714 /* 715 * return -1 with error if file system is mounted. 716 */ 717 static int 718 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 719 { 720 struct statfs *mp; 721 const char *s1, *s2; 722 size_t len; 723 int n, r; 724 725 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) { 726 warn("getmntinfo"); 727 return -1; 728 } 729 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 730 s1 = fname; 731 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 732 s1 += len; 733 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 734 for (; n--; mp++) { 735 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 736 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 737 s2 += len; 738 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 739 !strcmp(s1, s2)) { 740 warnx("%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 741 return -1; 742 } 743 } 744 return 0; 745 } 746 747 /* 748 * Get a standard format. 749 */ 750 static int 751 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 752 { 753 u_int x, i; 754 755 x = NELEM(stdfmt); 756 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 757 if (i == x) { 758 warnx("%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 759 return -1; 760 } 761 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 762 return 0; 763 } 764 765 /* 766 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 767 */ 768 static int 769 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag, 770 struct bpb *bpb) 771 { 772 struct disklabel32 *lp, dlp; 773 struct fd_type type; 774 struct partinfo pi; 775 off_t ms = 0, hs = 0; 776 777 lp = NULL; 778 779 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */ 780 if (dtype != NULL) { 781 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype); 782 } 783 784 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */ 785 if (lp == NULL) { 786 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGPART, &pi) == -1) { 787 struct stat st; 788 789 if (fstat(fd, &st)) 790 err(1, "cannot get disk size"); 791 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */ 792 ms = st.st_size; 793 dlp.d_secsize = 512; 794 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 795 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 796 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 797 lp = &dlp; 798 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) { 799 ms = pi.media_size; 800 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize; 801 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac; 802 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads; 803 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 804 lp = &dlp; 805 } else { 806 ms = pi.media_size; 807 } 808 } 809 810 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */ 811 if (lp == NULL) { 812 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGPART, &pi) == - 1) 813 err(1, "cannot get disk information"); 814 dlp.d_secsize = pi.media_blksize; 815 dlp.d_nsectors = pi.d_secpertrack; 816 dlp.d_ntracks = pi.d_nheads; 817 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec) 818 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec; 819 820 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 821 822 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit; 823 lp = &dlp; 824 } 825 826 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) { 827 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector") == -1) 828 return -1; 829 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = lp->d_secsize; 830 } 831 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) { 832 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track") == -1) 833 return -1; 834 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = lp->d_nsectors; 835 } 836 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) { 837 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads") == -1) 838 return -1; 839 bpb->bpbHeads = lp->d_ntracks; 840 } 841 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0) 842 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit; 843 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0) 844 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs; 845 return 0; 846 } 847 848 /* 849 * Print out BPB values. 850 */ 851 static void 852 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 853 { 854 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u", 855 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors, 856 bpb->bpbFATs); 857 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts) 858 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts); 859 if (bpb->bpbSectors) 860 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors); 861 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia); 862 if (bpb->bpbFATsecs) 863 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs); 864 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack, 865 bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs); 866 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors) 867 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors); 868 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) { 869 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs, 870 bpb->bpbRootClust); 871 printf(" FSInfo="); 872 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo); 873 printf(" Backup="); 874 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup); 875 } 876 printf("\n"); 877 } 878 879 /* 880 * Check a disk geometry value. 881 */ 882 static int 883 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 884 { 885 if (!val) { 886 warnx("%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 887 return -1; 888 } 889 if (val > MAXU16) { 890 warnx("%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val); 891 return -1; 892 } 893 return 0; 894 } 895 896 /* 897 * Check a volume label. 898 */ 899 static int 900 oklabel(const char *src) 901 { 902 int c, i; 903 904 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 905 c = (u_char)*src++; 906 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 907 break; 908 } 909 return i && !c; 910 } 911 912 /* 913 * Make a volume label. 914 */ 915 static void 916 mklabel(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src) 917 { 918 int c, i; 919 920 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 921 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 922 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 923 } 924 } 925 926 /* 927 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 928 */ 929 static void 930 setstr(u_int8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 931 { 932 while (len--) 933 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 934 } 935 936 static void 937 infohandler(int sig __unused) 938 { 939 940 got_siginfo = 1; 941 } 942