1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 12 * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 13 * distribution. 14 * 15 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 16 * OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 17 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 18 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 19 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 20 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 21 * GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 22 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 23 * IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 24 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 25 * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 26 */ 27 28 #include <sys/param.h> 29 #include <sys/disklabel32.h> 30 #include <sys/diskmbr.h> 31 #include <sys/diskslice.h> 32 #include <sys/mount.h> 33 #include <sys/stat.h> 34 //#include <sys/sysctl.h> 35 #include <sys/time.h> 36 37 #include <machine/ioctl_fd.h> 38 39 #include <assert.h> 40 #include <ctype.h> 41 #include <disktab.h> 42 #include <err.h> 43 #include <errno.h> 44 #include <fcntl.h> 45 #include <inttypes.h> 46 #include <paths.h> 47 #include <signal.h> 48 #include <stdio.h> 49 #include <stdlib.h> 50 #include <string.h> 51 #include <time.h> 52 #include <unistd.h> 53 54 #include "mkfs_msdos.h" 55 56 #define MAXU16 0xffff /* maximum unsigned 16-bit quantity */ 57 #define BPN 4 /* bits per nibble */ 58 #define NPB 2 /* nibbles per byte */ 59 60 #define MINBPS 512 /* minimum bytes per sector */ 61 #define MAXBPS 4096 /* maximum bytes per sector */ 62 #define MAXSPC 128 /* maximum sectors per cluster */ 63 #define MAXNFT 16 /* maximum number of FATs */ 64 #define DEFBLK 4096 /* default block size */ 65 #define DEFBLK16 2048 /* default block size FAT16 */ 66 #define DEFRDE 512 /* default root directory entries */ 67 #define RESFTE 2 /* reserved FAT entries */ 68 #define MINCLS12 1U /* minimum FAT12 clusters */ 69 #define MINCLS16 0xff5U /* minimum FAT16 clusters */ 70 #define MINCLS32 0xfff5U /* minimum FAT32 clusters */ 71 #define MAXCLS12 0xff4U /* maximum FAT12 clusters */ 72 #define MAXCLS16 0xfff4U /* maximum FAT16 clusters */ 73 #define MAXCLS32 0xffffff4U /* maximum FAT32 clusters */ 74 75 #define mincls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MINCLS12 : \ 76 (fat) == 16 ? MINCLS16 : \ 77 MINCLS32) 78 79 #define maxcls(fat) ((fat) == 12 ? MAXCLS12 : \ 80 (fat) == 16 ? MAXCLS16 : \ 81 MAXCLS32) 82 83 #define mk1(p, x) \ 84 (p) = (uint8_t)(x) 85 86 #define mk2(p, x) \ 87 (p)[0] = (uint8_t)(x), \ 88 (p)[1] = (uint8_t)((x) >> 010) 89 90 #define mk4(p, x) \ 91 (p)[0] = (uint8_t)(x), \ 92 (p)[1] = (uint8_t)((x) >> 010), \ 93 (p)[2] = (uint8_t)((x) >> 020), \ 94 (p)[3] = (uint8_t)((x) >> 030) 95 96 struct bs { 97 uint8_t bsJump[3]; /* bootstrap entry point */ 98 uint8_t bsOemName[8]; /* OEM name and version */ 99 } __packed; 100 101 struct bsbpb { 102 uint8_t bpbBytesPerSec[2]; /* bytes per sector */ 103 uint8_t bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 104 uint8_t bpbResSectors[2]; /* reserved sectors */ 105 uint8_t bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 106 uint8_t bpbRootDirEnts[2]; /* root directory entries */ 107 uint8_t bpbSectors[2]; /* total sectors */ 108 uint8_t bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 109 uint8_t bpbFATsecs[2]; /* sectors per FAT */ 110 uint8_t bpbSecPerTrack[2]; /* sectors per track */ 111 uint8_t bpbHeads[2]; /* drive heads */ 112 uint8_t bpbHiddenSecs[4]; /* hidden sectors */ 113 uint8_t bpbHugeSectors[4]; /* big total sectors */ 114 } __packed; 115 116 struct bsxbpb { 117 uint8_t bpbBigFATsecs[4]; /* big sectors per FAT */ 118 uint8_t bpbExtFlags[2]; /* FAT control flags */ 119 uint8_t bpbFSVers[2]; /* file system version */ 120 uint8_t bpbRootClust[4]; /* root directory start cluster */ 121 uint8_t bpbFSInfo[2]; /* file system info sector */ 122 uint8_t bpbBackup[2]; /* backup boot sector */ 123 uint8_t bpbReserved[12]; /* reserved */ 124 } __packed; 125 126 struct bsx { 127 uint8_t exDriveNumber; /* drive number */ 128 uint8_t exReserved1; /* reserved */ 129 uint8_t exBootSignature; /* extended boot signature */ 130 uint8_t exVolumeID[4]; /* volume ID number */ 131 uint8_t exVolumeLabel[11]; /* volume label */ 132 uint8_t exFileSysType[8]; /* file system type */ 133 } __packed; 134 135 struct de { 136 uint8_t deName[11]; /* name and extension */ 137 uint8_t deAttributes; /* attributes */ 138 uint8_t rsvd[10]; /* reserved */ 139 uint8_t deMTime[2]; /* last-modified time */ 140 uint8_t deMDate[2]; /* last-modified date */ 141 uint8_t deStartCluster[2]; /* starting cluster */ 142 uint8_t deFileSize[4]; /* size */ 143 } __packed; 144 145 struct bpb { 146 u_int bpbBytesPerSec; /* bytes per sector */ 147 u_int bpbSecPerClust; /* sectors per cluster */ 148 u_int bpbResSectors; /* reserved sectors */ 149 u_int bpbFATs; /* number of FATs */ 150 u_int bpbRootDirEnts; /* root directory entries */ 151 u_int bpbSectors; /* total sectors */ 152 u_int bpbMedia; /* media descriptor */ 153 u_int bpbFATsecs; /* sectors per FAT */ 154 u_int bpbSecPerTrack; /* sectors per track */ 155 u_int bpbHeads; /* drive heads */ 156 u_int bpbHiddenSecs; /* hidden sectors */ 157 u_int bpbHugeSectors; /* big total sectors */ 158 u_int bpbBigFATsecs; /* big sectors per FAT */ 159 u_int bpbRootClust; /* root directory start cluster */ 160 u_int bpbFSInfo; /* file system info sector */ 161 u_int bpbBackup; /* backup boot sector */ 162 }; 163 164 #define BPBGAP 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 165 166 static struct { 167 const char *name; 168 struct bpb bpb; 169 } const stdfmt[] = { 170 {"160", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 320, 0xfe, 1, 8, 1, BPBGAP}}, 171 {"180", {512, 1, 1, 2, 64, 360, 0xfc, 2, 9, 1, BPBGAP}}, 172 {"320", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 640, 0xff, 1, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 173 {"360", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 720, 0xfd, 2, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 174 {"640", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1280, 0xfb, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 175 {"720", {512, 2, 1, 2, 112, 1440, 0xf9, 3, 9, 2, BPBGAP}}, 176 {"1200", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2400, 0xf9, 7, 15, 2, BPBGAP}}, 177 {"1232", {1024,1, 1, 2, 192, 1232, 0xfe, 2, 8, 2, BPBGAP}}, 178 {"1440", {512, 1, 1, 2, 224, 2880, 0xf0, 9, 18, 2, BPBGAP}}, 179 {"2880", {512, 2, 1, 2, 240, 5760, 0xf0, 9, 36, 2, BPBGAP}} 180 }; 181 182 static const uint8_t bootcode[] = { 183 0xfa, /* cli */ 184 0x31, 0xc0, /* xor ax,ax */ 185 0x8e, 0xd0, /* mov ss,ax */ 186 0xbc, 0x00, 0x7c, /* mov sp,7c00h */ 187 0xfb, /* sti */ 188 0x8e, 0xd8, /* mov ds,ax */ 189 0xe8, 0x00, 0x00, /* call $ + 3 */ 190 0x5e, /* pop si */ 191 0x83, 0xc6, 0x19, /* add si,+19h */ 192 0xbb, 0x07, 0x00, /* mov bx,0007h */ 193 0xfc, /* cld */ 194 0xac, /* lodsb */ 195 0x84, 0xc0, /* test al,al */ 196 0x74, 0x06, /* jz $ + 8 */ 197 0xb4, 0x0e, /* mov ah,0eh */ 198 0xcd, 0x10, /* int 10h */ 199 0xeb, 0xf5, /* jmp $ - 9 */ 200 0x30, 0xe4, /* xor ah,ah */ 201 0xcd, 0x16, /* int 16h */ 202 0xcd, 0x19, /* int 19h */ 203 0x0d, 0x0a, 204 'N', 'o', 'n', '-', 's', 'y', 's', 't', 205 'e', 'm', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'k', 206 0x0d, 0x0a, 207 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'n', 208 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', 209 ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 210 0x0d, 0x0a, 211 0 212 }; 213 214 static volatile sig_atomic_t got_siginfo; 215 static void infohandler(int); 216 217 static int check_mounted(const char *, mode_t); 218 static ssize_t getchunksize(void); 219 static int getstdfmt(const char *, struct bpb *); 220 static int getdiskinfo(int, const char *, const char *, int, struct bpb *); 221 static void print_bpb(struct bpb *); 222 static int ckgeom(const char *, u_int, const char *); 223 static void mklabel(uint8_t *, const char *); 224 static int oklabel(const char *); 225 static void setstr(uint8_t *, const char *, size_t); 226 227 int 228 mkfs_msdos(const char *fname, const char *dtype, const struct msdos_options *op) 229 { 230 char buf[MAXPATHLEN]; 231 struct sigaction si_sa; 232 struct stat sb; 233 struct timeval tv; 234 struct bpb bpb; 235 struct tm *tm; 236 struct bs *bs; 237 struct bsbpb *bsbpb; 238 struct bsxbpb *bsxbpb; 239 struct bsx *bsx; 240 struct de *de; 241 uint8_t *img; 242 uint8_t *physbuf, *physbuf_end; 243 const char *bname; 244 ssize_t n; 245 time_t now; 246 u_int fat, bss, rds, cls, dir, lsn, x, x1, x2; 247 u_int extra_res, alignment, saved_x, attempts=0; 248 bool set_res, set_spf, set_spc; 249 int fd, fd1, rv; 250 struct msdos_options o = *op; 251 ssize_t chunksize; 252 253 physbuf = NULL; 254 rv = -1; 255 fd = fd1 = -1; 256 257 if (o.block_size && o.sectors_per_cluster) { 258 warnx("Cannot specify both block size and sectors per cluster"); 259 goto done; 260 } 261 if (o.OEM_string && strlen(o.OEM_string) > 8) { 262 warnx("%s: bad OEM string", o.OEM_string); 263 goto done; 264 } 265 if (o.create_size) { 266 if (o.no_create) { 267 warnx("create (-C) is incompatible with -N"); 268 goto done; 269 } 270 fd = open(fname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644); 271 if (fd == -1) { 272 warnx("failed to create %s", fname); 273 goto done; 274 } 275 if (ftruncate(fd, o.create_size)) { 276 warnx("failed to initialize %jd bytes", (intmax_t)o.create_size); 277 goto done; 278 } 279 } else if ((fd = open(fname, o.no_create ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR)) == -1) { 280 warn("%s", fname); 281 goto done; 282 } 283 if (fstat(fd, &sb)) { 284 warn("%s", fname); 285 goto done; 286 } 287 if (o.create_size) { 288 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) 289 warnx("warning, %s is not a regular file", fname); 290 } else { 291 if (!S_ISCHR(sb.st_mode)) 292 warnx("warning, %s is not a character device", fname); 293 } 294 if (!o.no_create) 295 if (check_mounted(fname, sb.st_mode) == -1) 296 goto done; 297 if (o.offset && o.offset != lseek(fd, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) { 298 warnx("cannot seek to %jd", (intmax_t)o.offset); 299 goto done; 300 } 301 memset(&bpb, 0, sizeof(bpb)); 302 if (o.floppy) { 303 if (getstdfmt(o.floppy, &bpb) == -1) 304 goto done; 305 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = bpb.bpbSectors; 306 bpb.bpbSectors = 0; 307 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = bpb.bpbFATsecs; 308 bpb.bpbFATsecs = 0; 309 } 310 if (o.drive_heads) 311 bpb.bpbHeads = o.drive_heads; 312 if (o.sectors_per_track) 313 bpb.bpbSecPerTrack = o.sectors_per_track; 314 if (o.bytes_per_sector) 315 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec = o.bytes_per_sector; 316 if (o.size) 317 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = o.size; 318 if (o.hidden_sectors_set) 319 bpb.bpbHiddenSecs = o.hidden_sectors; 320 if (!(o.floppy || (o.drive_heads && o.sectors_per_track && 321 o.bytes_per_sector && o.size && o.hidden_sectors_set))) { 322 if (getdiskinfo(fd, fname, dtype, o.hidden_sectors_set, &bpb) == -1) 323 goto done; 324 bpb.bpbHugeSectors -= (o.offset / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 325 if (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0) { /* set defaults */ 326 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= 6000) /* about 3MB -> 512 bytes */ 327 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 1; 328 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<17)) /* 64M -> 4k */ 329 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 8; 330 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<19)) /* 256M -> 8k */ 331 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 16; 332 else if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= (1<<21)) /* 1G -> 16k */ 333 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 32; 334 else 335 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = 64; /* otherwise 32k */ 336 } 337 } 338 if (bpb.bpbBytesPerSec < MINBPS || 339 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec > MAXBPS || 340 !powerof2(bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) { 341 warnx("Invalid bytes/sector (%u): must be 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096", 342 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 343 goto done; 344 } 345 346 if (o.volume_label && !oklabel(o.volume_label)) { 347 warnx("%s: bad volume label", o.volume_label); 348 goto done; 349 } 350 if (!(fat = o.fat_type)) { 351 if (o.floppy) 352 fat = 12; 353 else if (!o.directory_entries && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector)) 354 fat = 32; 355 } 356 if ((fat == 32 && o.directory_entries) || 357 (fat != 32 && (o.info_sector || o.backup_sector))) { 358 warnx("-%c is not a legal FAT%s option", 359 fat == 32 ? 'e' : o.info_sector ? 'i' : 'k', 360 fat == 32 ? "32" : "12/16"); 361 goto done; 362 } 363 if (o.floppy && fat == 32) 364 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = 0; 365 if (fat != 0 && fat != 12 && fat != 16 && fat != 32) { 366 warnx("%d: bad FAT type", fat); 367 goto done; 368 } 369 370 if (o.block_size) { 371 if (!powerof2(o.block_size)) { 372 warnx("block size (%u) is not a power of 2", o.block_size); 373 goto done; 374 } 375 if (o.block_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 376 warnx("block size (%u) is too small; minimum is %u", 377 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 378 goto done; 379 } 380 if (o.block_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC) { 381 warnx("block size (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 382 o.block_size, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXSPC); 383 goto done; 384 } 385 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.block_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 386 } 387 if (o.sectors_per_cluster) { 388 if (!powerof2(o.sectors_per_cluster)) { 389 warnx("sectors/cluster (%u) is not a power of 2", 390 o.sectors_per_cluster); 391 goto done; 392 } 393 bpb.bpbSecPerClust = o.sectors_per_cluster; 394 } 395 if (o.reserved_sectors) 396 bpb.bpbResSectors = o.reserved_sectors; 397 if (o.num_FAT) { 398 if (o.num_FAT > MAXNFT) { 399 warnx("number of FATs (%u) is too large; maximum is %u", 400 o.num_FAT, MAXNFT); 401 goto done; 402 } 403 bpb.bpbFATs = o.num_FAT; 404 } 405 if (o.directory_entries) 406 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = o.directory_entries; 407 if (o.media_descriptor_set) { 408 if (o.media_descriptor < 0xf0) { 409 warnx("illegal media descriptor (%#x)", o.media_descriptor); 410 goto done; 411 } 412 bpb.bpbMedia = o.media_descriptor; 413 } 414 if (o.sectors_per_fat) 415 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = o.sectors_per_fat; 416 if (o.info_sector) 417 bpb.bpbFSInfo = o.info_sector; 418 if (o.backup_sector) 419 bpb.bpbBackup = o.backup_sector; 420 bss = 1; 421 bname = NULL; 422 fd1 = -1; 423 if (o.bootstrap) { 424 bname = o.bootstrap; 425 if (!strchr(bname, '/')) { 426 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/boot/%s", bname); 427 bname = buf; 428 } 429 if ((fd1 = open(bname, O_RDONLY)) == -1 || fstat(fd1, &sb)) { 430 warn("%s", bname); 431 goto done; 432 } 433 if (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) || sb.st_size % bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 434 sb.st_size < bpb.bpbBytesPerSec || 435 sb.st_size > bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * MAXU16) { 436 warnx("%s: inappropriate file type or format", bname); 437 goto done; 438 } 439 bss = sb.st_size / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 440 } 441 if (!bpb.bpbFATs) 442 bpb.bpbFATs = 2; 443 if (!fat) { 444 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors < (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 445 howmany((RESFTE + (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1)) * 446 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? 16 : 12) / BPN, 447 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * 448 bpb.bpbFATs + 449 howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts ? bpb.bpbRootDirEnts : DEFRDE, 450 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 451 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? MINCLS16 : MAXCLS12 + 1) * 452 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 453 howmany(DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 454 fat = 12; 455 else if (bpb.bpbRootDirEnts || bpb.bpbHugeSectors < 456 (bpb.bpbResSectors ? bpb.bpbResSectors : bss) + 457 howmany((RESFTE + MAXCLS16) * 2, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) * 458 bpb.bpbFATs + 459 howmany(DEFRDE, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)) + 460 (MAXCLS16 + 1) * 461 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : 462 howmany(8192, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec))) 463 fat = 16; 464 else 465 fat = 32; 466 } 467 x = bss; 468 if (fat == 32) { 469 if (!bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 470 if (x == MAXU16 || x == bpb.bpbBackup) { 471 warnx("no room for info sector"); 472 goto done; 473 } 474 bpb.bpbFSInfo = x; 475 } 476 if (bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbFSInfo) 477 x = bpb.bpbFSInfo + 1; 478 if (!bpb.bpbBackup) { 479 if (x == MAXU16) { 480 warnx("no room for backup sector"); 481 goto done; 482 } 483 bpb.bpbBackup = x; 484 } else if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && bpb.bpbBackup == bpb.bpbFSInfo) { 485 warnx("backup sector would overwrite info sector"); 486 goto done; 487 } 488 if (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && x <= bpb.bpbBackup) 489 x = bpb.bpbBackup + 1; 490 } 491 492 extra_res = 0; 493 alignment = 0; 494 set_res = (bpb.bpbResSectors == 0); 495 set_spf = (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0); 496 set_spc = (bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 0); 497 saved_x = x; 498 499 /* 500 * Attempt to align the root directory to cluster if o.align is set. 501 * This is done by padding with reserved blocks. Note that this can 502 * cause other factors to change, which can in turn change the alignment. 503 * This should take at most 2 iterations, as increasing the reserved 504 * amount may cause the FAT size to decrease by 1, requiring another 505 * bpbFATs reserved blocks. If bpbSecPerClust changes, it will 506 * be half of its previous size, and thus will not throw off alignment. 507 */ 508 do { 509 x = saved_x; 510 if (set_res) 511 bpb.bpbResSectors = ((fat == 32) ? 512 MAX(x, MAX(16384 / bpb.bpbBytesPerSec, 4)) : x) + extra_res; 513 else if (bpb.bpbResSectors < x) { 514 warnx("too few reserved sectors (need %d have %d)", x, 515 bpb.bpbResSectors); 516 goto done; 517 } 518 if (fat != 32 && !bpb.bpbRootDirEnts) 519 bpb.bpbRootDirEnts = DEFRDE; 520 rds = howmany(bpb.bpbRootDirEnts, 521 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec / sizeof(struct de)); 522 if (set_spc) { 523 for (bpb.bpbSecPerClust = howmany(fat == 16 ? DEFBLK16 : 524 DEFBLK, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 525 bpb.bpbSecPerClust < MAXSPC && (bpb.bpbResSectors + 526 howmany((RESFTE + maxcls(fat)) * (fat / BPN), 527 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB) * bpb.bpbFATs + 528 rds + 529 (u_int64_t) (maxcls(fat) + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust) <= 530 bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 531 bpb.bpbSecPerClust <<= 1) 532 continue; 533 534 } 535 if (fat != 32 && bpb.bpbBigFATsecs > MAXU16) { 536 warnx("too many sectors/FAT for FAT12/16"); 537 goto done; 538 } 539 x1 = bpb.bpbResSectors + rds; 540 x = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs ? bpb.bpbBigFATsecs : 1; 541 if (x1 + (u_int64_t)x * bpb.bpbFATs > bpb.bpbHugeSectors) { 542 warnx("meta data exceeds file system size"); 543 goto done; 544 } 545 x1 += x * bpb.bpbFATs; 546 x = (u_int64_t)(bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / 547 (bpb.bpbSecPerClust * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB + 548 fat / BPN * bpb.bpbFATs); 549 x2 = howmany((RESFTE + MIN(x, maxcls(fat))) * (fat / BPN), 550 bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB); 551 if (set_spf) { 552 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs == 0) 553 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = x2; 554 x1 += (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs - 1) * bpb.bpbFATs; 555 } 556 if (set_res) { 557 /* attempt to align root directory */ 558 alignment = (bpb.bpbResSectors + bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbFATs) % 559 bpb.bpbSecPerClust; 560 if (o.align) 561 extra_res += bpb.bpbSecPerClust - alignment; 562 } 563 attempts++; 564 } while (o.align && alignment != 0 && attempts < 2); 565 if (o.align && alignment != 0) 566 warnx("warning: Alignment failed."); 567 568 cls = (bpb.bpbHugeSectors - x1) / bpb.bpbSecPerClust; 569 x = (uint64_t)bpb.bpbBigFATsecs * bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * NPB / (fat / BPN) - 570 RESFTE; 571 if (cls > x) 572 cls = x; 573 if (bpb.bpbBigFATsecs < x2) 574 warnx("warning: sectors/FAT limits file system to %u clusters", 575 cls); 576 if (cls < mincls(fat)) { 577 warnx("%u clusters too few clusters for FAT%u, need %u", cls, fat, 578 mincls(fat)); 579 goto done; 580 } 581 if (cls > maxcls(fat)) { 582 cls = maxcls(fat); 583 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = x1 + (cls + 1) * bpb.bpbSecPerClust - 1; 584 warnx("warning: FAT type limits file system to %u sectors", 585 bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 586 } 587 printf("%s: %u sector%s in %u FAT%u cluster%s " 588 "(%u bytes/cluster)\n", fname, cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust, 589 cls * bpb.bpbSecPerClust == 1 ? "" : "s", cls, fat, 590 cls == 1 ? "" : "s", bpb.bpbBytesPerSec * bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 591 if (!bpb.bpbMedia) 592 bpb.bpbMedia = !bpb.bpbHiddenSecs ? 0xf0 : 0xf8; 593 if (fat == 32) 594 bpb.bpbRootClust = RESFTE; 595 if (bpb.bpbHugeSectors <= MAXU16) { 596 bpb.bpbSectors = bpb.bpbHugeSectors; 597 bpb.bpbHugeSectors = 0; 598 } 599 if (fat != 32) { 600 bpb.bpbFATsecs = bpb.bpbBigFATsecs; 601 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs = 0; 602 } 603 print_bpb(&bpb); 604 if (!o.no_create) { 605 if (o.timestamp_set) { 606 tv.tv_sec = now = o.timestamp; 607 tv.tv_usec = 0; 608 tm = gmtime(&now); 609 } else { 610 gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); 611 now = tv.tv_sec; 612 tm = localtime(&now); 613 } 614 615 chunksize = getchunksize(); 616 physbuf = malloc(chunksize); 617 if (physbuf == NULL) { 618 warn(NULL); 619 goto done; 620 } 621 physbuf_end = physbuf + chunksize; 622 img = physbuf; 623 624 dir = bpb.bpbResSectors + (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 625 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs) * bpb.bpbFATs; 626 memset(&si_sa, 0, sizeof(si_sa)); 627 si_sa.sa_handler = infohandler; 628 if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, NULL) == -1) { 629 warn("sigaction SIGINFO"); 630 goto done; 631 } 632 for (lsn = 0; lsn < dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust : rds); lsn++) { 633 if (got_siginfo) { 634 fprintf(stderr,"%s: writing sector %u of %u (%u%%)\n", 635 fname, lsn, 636 (dir + (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds)), 637 (lsn * 100) / (dir + 638 (fat == 32 ? bpb.bpbSecPerClust: rds))); 639 got_siginfo = 0; 640 } 641 x = lsn; 642 if (o.bootstrap && 643 fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 644 bss <= bpb.bpbBackup && x >= bpb.bpbBackup) { 645 x -= bpb.bpbBackup; 646 if (!x && lseek(fd1, o.offset, SEEK_SET)) { 647 warn("%s", bname); 648 goto done; 649 } 650 } 651 if (o.bootstrap && x < bss) { 652 if ((n = read(fd1, img, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec)) == -1) { 653 warn("%s", bname); 654 goto done; 655 } 656 if ((unsigned)n != bpb.bpbBytesPerSec) { 657 warnx("%s: can't read sector %u", bname, x); 658 goto done; 659 } 660 } else 661 memset(img, 0, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 662 if (!lsn || 663 (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 664 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup)) { 665 x1 = sizeof(struct bs); 666 bsbpb = (struct bsbpb *)(img + x1); 667 mk2(bsbpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb.bpbBytesPerSec); 668 mk1(bsbpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb.bpbSecPerClust); 669 mk2(bsbpb->bpbResSectors, bpb.bpbResSectors); 670 mk1(bsbpb->bpbFATs, bpb.bpbFATs); 671 mk2(bsbpb->bpbRootDirEnts, bpb.bpbRootDirEnts); 672 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSectors, bpb.bpbSectors); 673 mk1(bsbpb->bpbMedia, bpb.bpbMedia); 674 mk2(bsbpb->bpbFATsecs, bpb.bpbFATsecs); 675 mk2(bsbpb->bpbSecPerTrack, bpb.bpbSecPerTrack); 676 mk2(bsbpb->bpbHeads, bpb.bpbHeads); 677 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHiddenSecs, bpb.bpbHiddenSecs); 678 mk4(bsbpb->bpbHugeSectors, bpb.bpbHugeSectors); 679 x1 += sizeof(struct bsbpb); 680 if (fat == 32) { 681 bsxbpb = (struct bsxbpb *)(img + x1); 682 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbBigFATsecs, bpb.bpbBigFATsecs); 683 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbExtFlags, 0); 684 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSVers, 0); 685 mk4(bsxbpb->bpbRootClust, bpb.bpbRootClust); 686 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbFSInfo, bpb.bpbFSInfo); 687 mk2(bsxbpb->bpbBackup, bpb.bpbBackup); 688 x1 += sizeof(struct bsxbpb); 689 } 690 bsx = (struct bsx *)(img + x1); 691 mk1(bsx->exBootSignature, 0x29); 692 if (o.volume_id_set) 693 x = o.volume_id; 694 else 695 x = (((u_int)(1 + tm->tm_mon) << 8 | 696 (u_int)tm->tm_mday) + 697 ((u_int)tm->tm_sec << 8 | 698 (u_int)(tv.tv_usec / 10))) << 16 | 699 ((u_int)(1900 + tm->tm_year) + 700 ((u_int)tm->tm_hour << 8 | 701 (u_int)tm->tm_min)); 702 mk4(bsx->exVolumeID, x); 703 mklabel(bsx->exVolumeLabel, o.volume_label ? o.volume_label : "NO NAME"); 704 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "FAT%u", fat); 705 setstr(bsx->exFileSysType, buf, sizeof(bsx->exFileSysType)); 706 if (!o.bootstrap) { 707 x1 += sizeof(struct bsx); 708 bs = (struct bs *)img; 709 mk1(bs->bsJump[0], 0xeb); 710 mk1(bs->bsJump[1], x1 - 2); 711 mk1(bs->bsJump[2], 0x90); 712 setstr(bs->bsOemName, o.OEM_string ? o.OEM_string : "BSD4.4 ", 713 sizeof(bs->bsOemName)); 714 memcpy(img + x1, bootcode, sizeof(bootcode)); 715 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 716 } 717 } else if (fat == 32 && bpb.bpbFSInfo != MAXU16 && 718 (lsn == bpb.bpbFSInfo || 719 (bpb.bpbBackup != MAXU16 && 720 lsn == bpb.bpbBackup + bpb.bpbFSInfo))) { 721 mk4(img, 0x41615252); 722 mk4(img + MINBPS - 28, 0x61417272); 723 mk4(img + MINBPS - 24, 0xffffffff); 724 mk4(img + MINBPS - 20, 0xffffffff); 725 mk2(img + MINBPS - 2, DOSMAGIC); 726 } else if (lsn >= bpb.bpbResSectors && lsn < dir && 727 !((lsn - bpb.bpbResSectors) % 728 (bpb.bpbFATsecs ? bpb.bpbFATsecs : 729 bpb.bpbBigFATsecs))) { 730 mk1(img[0], bpb.bpbMedia); 731 for (x = 1; x < fat * (fat == 32 ? 3 : 2) / 8; x++) 732 mk1(img[x], fat == 32 && x % 4 == 3 ? 0x0f : 0xff); 733 } else if (lsn == dir && o.volume_label) { 734 de = (struct de *)img; 735 mklabel(de->deName, o.volume_label); 736 mk1(de->deAttributes, 050); 737 x = (u_int)tm->tm_hour << 11 | 738 (u_int)tm->tm_min << 5 | 739 (u_int)tm->tm_sec >> 1; 740 mk2(de->deMTime, x); 741 x = (u_int)(tm->tm_year - 80) << 9 | 742 (u_int)(tm->tm_mon + 1) << 5 | 743 (u_int)tm->tm_mday; 744 mk2(de->deMDate, x); 745 } 746 /* 747 * Issue a write of chunksize once we have collected 748 * enough sectors. 749 */ 750 img += bpb.bpbBytesPerSec; 751 if (img >= physbuf_end) { 752 n = write(fd, physbuf, chunksize); 753 if (n != chunksize) { 754 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 755 goto done; 756 } 757 img = physbuf; 758 } 759 } 760 /* 761 * Write remaining sectors, if the last write didn't end 762 * up filling a whole chunk. 763 */ 764 if (img != physbuf) { 765 ssize_t tailsize = img - physbuf; 766 767 n = write(fd, physbuf, tailsize); 768 if (n != tailsize) { 769 warnx("%s: can't write sector %u", fname, lsn); 770 goto done; 771 } 772 } 773 } 774 rv = 0; 775 done: 776 free(physbuf); 777 if (fd != -1) 778 close(fd); 779 if (fd1 != -1) 780 close(fd1); 781 782 return rv; 783 } 784 785 /* 786 * return -1 with error if file system is mounted. 787 */ 788 static int 789 check_mounted(const char *fname, mode_t mode) 790 { 791 struct statfs *mp; 792 const char *s1, *s2; 793 size_t len; 794 int n, r; 795 796 if (!(n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT))) { 797 warn("getmntinfo"); 798 return -1; 799 } 800 len = strlen(_PATH_DEV); 801 s1 = fname; 802 if (!strncmp(s1, _PATH_DEV, len)) 803 s1 += len; 804 r = S_ISCHR(mode) && s1 != fname && *s1 == 'r'; 805 for (; n--; mp++) { 806 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 807 if (!strncmp(s2, _PATH_DEV, len)) 808 s2 += len; 809 if ((r && s2 != mp->f_mntfromname && !strcmp(s1 + 1, s2)) || 810 !strcmp(s1, s2)) { 811 warnx("%s is mounted on %s", fname, mp->f_mntonname); 812 return -1; 813 } 814 } 815 return 0; 816 } 817 818 /* 819 * Get optimal I/O size 820 */ 821 static ssize_t 822 getchunksize(void) 823 { 824 static int chunksize; 825 826 if (chunksize != 0) 827 return ((ssize_t)chunksize); 828 829 #if 0 830 int mib[2]; 831 size_t len; 832 833 mib[0] = CTL_KERN; 834 mib[1] = KERN_MAXPHYS; 835 len = sizeof(chunksize); 836 837 if (sysctl(mib, 2, &chunksize, &len, NULL, 0) == -1) { 838 warn("sysctl: KERN_MAXPHYS, using %zu", (size_t)MAXPHYS); 839 chunksize = 0; 840 } 841 #endif 842 if (chunksize == 0) 843 chunksize = MAXPHYS; 844 845 /* 846 * For better performance, we want to write larger chunks instead of 847 * individual sectors (the size can only be 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096 848 * bytes). Assert that chunksize can always hold an integer number of 849 * sectors by asserting that both are power of two numbers and the 850 * chunksize is greater than MAXBPS. 851 */ 852 static_assert(powerof2(MAXBPS), "MAXBPS is not power of 2"); 853 assert(powerof2(chunksize)); 854 assert(chunksize > MAXBPS); 855 856 return ((ssize_t)chunksize); 857 } 858 859 /* 860 * Get a standard format. 861 */ 862 static int 863 getstdfmt(const char *fmt, struct bpb *bpb) 864 { 865 u_int x, i; 866 867 x = NELEM(stdfmt); 868 for (i = 0; i < x && strcmp(fmt, stdfmt[i].name); i++); 869 if (i == x) { 870 warnx("%s: unknown standard format", fmt); 871 return -1; 872 } 873 *bpb = stdfmt[i].bpb; 874 return 0; 875 } 876 877 /* 878 * Get disk slice, partition, and geometry information. 879 */ 880 static int 881 getdiskinfo(int fd, const char *fname, const char *dtype, __unused int oflag, 882 struct bpb *bpb) 883 { 884 struct disklabel32 *lp, dlp; 885 struct fd_type type; 886 struct partinfo pi; 887 off_t ms = 0, hs = 0; 888 889 lp = NULL; 890 891 /* If the user specified a disk type, try to use that */ 892 if (dtype != NULL) { 893 lp = getdiskbyname(dtype); 894 } 895 896 /* Maybe it's a floppy drive */ 897 if (lp == NULL) { 898 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGPART, &pi) == -1) { 899 struct stat st; 900 901 if (fstat(fd, &st)) 902 err(1, "cannot get disk size"); 903 /* create a fake geometry for a file image */ 904 ms = st.st_size; 905 dlp.d_secsize = 512; 906 dlp.d_nsectors = 63; 907 dlp.d_ntracks = 255; 908 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 909 lp = &dlp; 910 } else if (ioctl(fd, FD_GTYPE, &type) != -1) { 911 ms = pi.media_size; 912 dlp.d_secsize = 128 << type.secsize; 913 dlp.d_nsectors = type.sectrac; 914 dlp.d_ntracks = type.heads; 915 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 916 lp = &dlp; 917 } else { 918 ms = pi.media_size; 919 } 920 } 921 922 /* Maybe it's a fixed drive */ 923 if (lp == NULL) { 924 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGPART, &pi) == - 1) 925 err(1, "cannot get disk information"); 926 dlp.d_secsize = pi.media_blksize; 927 dlp.d_nsectors = pi.d_secpertrack; 928 dlp.d_ntracks = pi.d_nheads; 929 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec) 930 dlp.d_secsize = bpb->bpbBytesPerSec; 931 932 dlp.d_secperunit = ms / dlp.d_secsize; 933 934 hs = (ms / dlp.d_secsize) - dlp.d_secperunit; 935 lp = &dlp; 936 } 937 938 if (bpb->bpbBytesPerSec == 0) { 939 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_secsize, "bytes/sector") == -1) 940 return -1; 941 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec = lp->d_secsize; 942 } 943 if (bpb->bpbSecPerTrack == 0) { 944 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_nsectors, "sectors/track") == -1) 945 return -1; 946 bpb->bpbSecPerTrack = lp->d_nsectors; 947 } 948 if (bpb->bpbHeads == 0) { 949 if (ckgeom(fname, lp->d_ntracks, "drive heads") == -1) 950 return -1; 951 bpb->bpbHeads = lp->d_ntracks; 952 } 953 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors == 0) 954 bpb->bpbHugeSectors = lp->d_secperunit; 955 if (bpb->bpbHiddenSecs == 0) 956 bpb->bpbHiddenSecs = hs; 957 return 0; 958 } 959 960 /* 961 * Print out BPB values. 962 */ 963 static void 964 print_bpb(struct bpb *bpb) 965 { 966 printf("BytesPerSec=%u SecPerClust=%u ResSectors=%u FATs=%u", 967 bpb->bpbBytesPerSec, bpb->bpbSecPerClust, bpb->bpbResSectors, 968 bpb->bpbFATs); 969 if (bpb->bpbRootDirEnts) 970 printf(" RootDirEnts=%u", bpb->bpbRootDirEnts); 971 if (bpb->bpbSectors) 972 printf(" Sectors=%u", bpb->bpbSectors); 973 printf(" Media=%#x", bpb->bpbMedia); 974 if (bpb->bpbFATsecs) 975 printf(" FATsecs=%u", bpb->bpbFATsecs); 976 printf(" SecPerTrack=%u Heads=%u HiddenSecs=%u", bpb->bpbSecPerTrack, 977 bpb->bpbHeads, bpb->bpbHiddenSecs); 978 if (bpb->bpbHugeSectors) 979 printf(" HugeSectors=%u", bpb->bpbHugeSectors); 980 if (!bpb->bpbFATsecs) { 981 printf(" FATsecs=%u RootCluster=%u", bpb->bpbBigFATsecs, 982 bpb->bpbRootClust); 983 printf(" FSInfo="); 984 printf(bpb->bpbFSInfo == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbFSInfo); 985 printf(" Backup="); 986 printf(bpb->bpbBackup == MAXU16 ? "%#x" : "%u", bpb->bpbBackup); 987 } 988 printf("\n"); 989 } 990 991 /* 992 * Check a disk geometry value. 993 */ 994 static int 995 ckgeom(const char *fname, u_int val, const char *msg) 996 { 997 if (!val) { 998 warnx("%s: no default %s", fname, msg); 999 return -1; 1000 } 1001 if (val > MAXU16) { 1002 warnx("%s: illegal %s %d", fname, msg, val); 1003 return -1; 1004 } 1005 return 0; 1006 } 1007 1008 /* 1009 * Check a volume label. 1010 */ 1011 static int 1012 oklabel(const char *src) 1013 { 1014 int c, i; 1015 1016 for (i = 0; i <= 11; i++) { 1017 c = (u_char)*src++; 1018 if (c < ' ' + !i || strchr("\"*+,./:;<=>?[\\]|", c)) 1019 break; 1020 } 1021 return i && !c; 1022 } 1023 1024 /* 1025 * Make a volume label. 1026 */ 1027 static void 1028 mklabel(uint8_t *dest, const char *src) 1029 { 1030 int c, i; 1031 1032 for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) { 1033 c = *src ? toupper(*src++) : ' '; 1034 *dest++ = !i && c == '\xe5' ? 5 : c; 1035 } 1036 } 1037 1038 /* 1039 * Copy string, padding with spaces. 1040 */ 1041 static void 1042 setstr(uint8_t *dest, const char *src, size_t len) 1043 { 1044 while (len--) 1045 *dest++ = *src ? *src++ : ' '; 1046 } 1047 1048 static void 1049 infohandler(int sig __unused) 1050 { 1051 1052 got_siginfo = 1; 1053 } 1054