1.\" Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 2.\" All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 11.\" the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 12.\" distribution. 13.\" 14.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 15.\" OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 16.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 17.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 18.\" DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 19.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 20.\" GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 21.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 22.\" IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 23.\" OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 24.\" IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 25.\" 26.\" $FreeBSD: src/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.8,v 1.7.2.7 2003/02/24 00:56:42 trhodes Exp $ 27.\" 28.Dd July 6, 1998 29.Dt NEWFS_MSDOS 8 30.Os 31.Sh NAME 32.Nm newfs_msdos 33.Nd construct a new MS-DOS (FAT) file system 34.Sh SYNOPSIS 35.Nm 36.Op Fl N 37.Op Fl B Ar boot 38.Op Fl F Ar FAT-type 39.Op Fl I Ar volid 40.Op Fl L Ar label 41.Op Fl O Ar OEM 42.Op Fl S Ar sector-size 43.Op Fl a Ar FAT-size 44.Op Fl b Ar block-size 45.Op Fl c Ar cluster-size 46.Op Fl e Ar dirents 47.Op Fl f Ar format 48.Op Fl h Ar heads 49.Op Fl i Ar info 50.Op Fl k Ar backup 51.Op Fl m Ar media 52.Op Fl n Ar FATs 53.Op Fl o Ar hidden 54.Op Fl r Ar reserved 55.Op Fl s Ar total 56.Op Fl u Ar track-size 57.Ar special 58.Op Ar disktype 59.Sh DESCRIPTION 60The 61.Nm 62utility creates a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system on device 63.Ar special , 64using 65.Xr disktab 5 66entry 67.Ar disktype 68to determine geometry, if required. 69.Pp 70The options are as follows: 71.Bl -tag -width indent 72.It Fl N 73Don't create a file system: just print out parameters. 74.It Fl B Ar boot 75Get bootstrap from file. 76.It Fl F Ar FAT-type 77FAT type (one of 12, 16, or 32). 78.It Fl I Ar volid 79Volume ID. 80.It Fl L Ar label 81Volume label (up to 11 characters). The label should consist of 82only those characters permitted in regular DOS (8+3) filenames. 83.It Fl O Ar OEM 84OEM string (up to 8 characters). The default is 85.Qq Li "BSD 4.4" . 86.It Fl S Ar sector-size 87Number of bytes per sector. Acceptable values are powers of 2 88in the range 128 through 32768. 89.It Fl a Ar FAT-size 90Number of sectors per FAT. 91.It Fl b Ar block-size 92File system block size (bytes per cluster). This should resolve to an 93acceptable number of sectors per cluster (see below). 94.It Fl c Ar cluster-size 95Sectors per cluster. Acceptable values are powers of 2 in the range 961 through 128. 97.It Fl e Ar dirents 98Number of root directory entries (FAT12 and FAT16 only). 99.It Fl f Ar format 100Specify a standard (floppy disk) format. The standard formats 101are (capacities in kilobytes): 160, 180, 320, 360, 640, 720, 1200, 1021232, 1440, 2880. 103.It Fl h Ar heads 104Number of drive heads. 105.It Fl i Ar info 106Location of the file system info sector (FAT32 only). 107A value of 0xffff signifies no info sector. 108.It Fl k Ar backup 109Location of the backup boot sector (FAT32 only). A value 110of 0xffff signifies no backup sector. 111.It Fl m Ar media 112Media descriptor (acceptable range 0xf0 to 0xff). 113.It Fl n Ar FATs 114Number of FATs. Acceptable values are 1 to 16 inclusive. 115The default 116is 2. 117.It Fl o Ar hidden 118Number of hidden sectors. 119.It Fl r Ar reserved 120Number of reserved sectors. 121.It Fl s Ar total 122File system size. 123.It Fl u Ar track-size 124Number of sectors per track. 125.El 126.Sh NOTES 127FAT file system parameters occupy a "Boot Sector BPB (BIOS Parameter 128Block)" in the first of the "reserved" sectors which precede the actual 129file system. For reference purposes, this structure is presented 130below. 131.Bd -literal 132struct bsbpb { 133 u_int16_t bps; /* [-S] bytes per sector */ 134 u_int8_t spc; /* [-c] sectors per cluster */ 135 u_int16_t res; /* [-r] reserved sectors */ 136 u_int8_t nft; /* [-n] number of FATs */ 137 u_int16_t rde; /* [-e] root directory entries */ 138 u_int16_t sec; /* [-s] total sectors */ 139 u_int8_t mid; /* [-m] media descriptor */ 140 u_int16_t spf; /* [-a] sectors per FAT */ 141 u_int16_t spt; /* [-u] sectors per track */ 142 u_int16_t hds; /* [-h] drive heads */ 143 u_int32_t hid; /* [-o] hidden sectors */ 144 u_int32_t bsec; /* [-s] big total sectors */ 145}; 146/* FAT32 extensions */ 147struct bsxbpb { 148 u_int32_t bspf; /* [-a] big sectors per FAT */ 149 u_int16_t xflg; /* control flags */ 150 u_int16_t vers; /* file system version */ 151 u_int32_t rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */ 152 u_int16_t infs; /* [-i] file system info sector */ 153 u_int16_t bkbs; /* [-k] backup boot sector */ 154}; 155.Ed 156.Sh EXIT STATUS 157.Ex -std 158.Sh EXAMPLES 159.Bd -literal -offset indent 160newfs_msdos /dev/ad0s1 161.Ed 162.Pp 163Create a file system, using default parameters, on 164.Pa /dev/ad0s1 . 165.Bd -literal -offset indent 166newfs_msdos -f 1440 -L foo fd0 167.Ed 168.Pp 169Create a standard 1.44M file system, with volume label 170.Ar foo , 171on 172.Pa /dev/fd0 . 173.Sh SEE ALSO 174.Xr disktab 5 , 175.Xr disklabel 8 , 176.Xr fdisk 8 , 177.Xr newfs 8 178.Sh HISTORY 179The 180.Nm 181utility first appeared in 182.Fx 3.0 . 183.Sh AUTHORS 184.An Robert Nordier Aq Mt rnordier@FreeBSD.org 185