1.\" Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier 2.\" All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in 11.\" the documentation and/or other materials provided with the 12.\" distribution. 13.\" 14.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS 15.\" OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED 16.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 17.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY 18.\" DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 19.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE 20.\" GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 21.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER 22.\" IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR 23.\" OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN 24.\" IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 25.\" 26.\" $FreeBSD: src/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.8,v 1.7.2.7 2003/02/24 00:56:42 trhodes Exp $ 27.\" $DragonFly: src/sbin/newfs_msdos/newfs_msdos.8,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:27:34 dillon Exp $ 28.\" 29.Dd July 6, 1998 30.Dt NEWFS_MSDOS 8 31.Os 32.Sh NAME 33.Nm newfs_msdos 34.Nd construct a new MS-DOS (FAT) file system 35.Sh SYNOPSIS 36.Nm 37.Op Fl N 38.Op Fl B Ar boot 39.Op Fl F Ar FAT-type 40.Op Fl I Ar volid 41.Op Fl L Ar label 42.Op Fl O Ar OEM 43.Op Fl S Ar sector-size 44.Op Fl a Ar FAT-size 45.Op Fl b Ar block-size 46.Op Fl c Ar cluster-size 47.Op Fl e Ar dirents 48.Op Fl f Ar format 49.Op Fl h Ar heads 50.Op Fl i Ar info 51.Op Fl k Ar backup 52.Op Fl m Ar media 53.Op Fl n Ar FATs 54.Op Fl o Ar hidden 55.Op Fl r Ar reserved 56.Op Fl s Ar total 57.Op Fl u Ar track-size 58.Ar special 59.Op Ar disktype 60.Sh DESCRIPTION 61The 62.Nm 63utility creates a FAT12, FAT16, or FAT32 file system on device 64.Ar special , 65using 66.Xr disktab 5 67entry 68.Ar disktype 69to determine geometry, if required. 70.Pp 71The options are as follow: 72.Bl -tag -width indent 73.It Fl N 74Don't create a file system: just print out parameters. 75.It Fl B Ar boot 76Get bootstrap from file. 77.It Fl F Ar FAT-type 78FAT type (one of 12, 16, or 32). 79.It Fl I Ar volid 80Volume ID. 81.It Fl L Ar label 82Volume label (up to 11 characters). The label should consist of 83only those characters permitted in regular DOS (8+3) filenames. 84.It Fl O Ar OEM 85OEM string (up to 8 characters). The default is 86.Qq Li "BSD 4.4" . 87.It Fl S Ar sector-size 88Number of bytes per sector. Acceptable values are powers of 2 89in the range 128 through 32768. 90.It Fl a Ar FAT-size 91Number of sectors per FAT. 92.It Fl b Ar block-size 93File system block size (bytes per cluster). This should resolve to an 94acceptable number of sectors per cluster (see below). 95.It Fl c Ar cluster-size 96Sectors per cluster. Acceptable values are powers of 2 in the range 971 through 128. 98.It Fl e Ar dirents 99Number of root directory entries (FAT12 and FAT16 only). 100.It Fl f Ar format 101Specify a standard (floppy disk) format. The standard formats 102are (capacities in kilobytes): 160, 180, 320, 360, 640, 720, 1200, 1031232, 1440, 2880. 104.It Fl h Ar heads 105Number of drive heads. 106.It Fl i Ar info 107Location of the file system info sector (FAT32 only). 108A value of 0xffff signifies no info sector. 109.It Fl k Ar backup 110Location of the backup boot sector (FAT32 only). A value 111of 0xffff signifies no backup sector. 112.It Fl m Ar media 113Media descriptor (acceptable range 0xf0 to 0xff). 114.It Fl n Ar FATs 115Number of FATs. Acceptable values are 1 to 16 inclusive. 116The default 117is 2. 118.It Fl o Ar hidden 119Number of hidden sectors. 120.It Fl r Ar reserved 121Number of reserved sectors. 122.It Fl s Ar total 123File system size. 124.It Fl u Ar track-size 125Number of sectors per track. 126.El 127.Sh NOTES 128FAT file system parameters occupy a "Boot Sector BPB (BIOS Parameter 129Block)" in the first of the "reserved" sectors which precede the actual 130file system. For reference purposes, this structure is presented 131below. 132.Bd -literal 133struct bsbpb { 134 u_int16_t bps; /* [-S] bytes per sector */ 135 u_int8_t spc; /* [-c] sectors per cluster */ 136 u_int16_t res; /* [-r] reserved sectors */ 137 u_int8_t nft; /* [-n] number of FATs */ 138 u_int16_t rde; /* [-e] root directory entries */ 139 u_int16_t sec; /* [-s] total sectors */ 140 u_int8_t mid; /* [-m] media descriptor */ 141 u_int16_t spf; /* [-a] sectors per FAT */ 142 u_int16_t spt; /* [-u] sectors per track */ 143 u_int16_t hds; /* [-h] drive heads */ 144 u_int32_t hid; /* [-o] hidden sectors */ 145 u_int32_t bsec; /* [-s] big total sectors */ 146}; 147/* FAT32 extensions */ 148struct bsxbpb { 149 u_int32_t bspf; /* [-a] big sectors per FAT */ 150 u_int16_t xflg; /* control flags */ 151 u_int16_t vers; /* file system version */ 152 u_int32_t rdcl; /* root directory start cluster */ 153 u_int16_t infs; /* [-i] file system info sector */ 154 u_int16_t bkbs; /* [-k] backup boot sector */ 155}; 156.Ed 157.Sh EXAMPLES 158.Bd -literal -offset indent 159newfs_msdos /dev/ad0s1 160.Ed 161.Pp 162Create a file system, using default parameters, on 163.Pa /dev/ad0s1 . 164.Bd -literal -offset indent 165newfs_msdos -f 1440 -L foo fd0 166.Ed 167.Pp 168Create a standard 1.44M file system, with volume label 169.Ar foo , 170on 171.Pa /dev/fd0 . 172.Sh SEE ALSO 173.Xr disktab 5 , 174.Xr disklabel 8 , 175.Xr fdisk 8 , 176.Xr newfs 8 177.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 178Exit status is 0 on success and 1 on error. 179.Sh HISTORY 180The 181.Nm 182utility first appeared in 183.Fx 3.0 . 184.Sh AUTHORS 185.An Robert Nordier Aq rnordier@FreeBSD.org . 186