xref: /dragonfly/sbin/ping6/ping6.c (revision e65bc1c3)
1 /*	$KAME: ping6.c,v 1.169 2003/07/25 06:01:47 itojun Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  *
31  * @(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
32  * @(#)ping.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
33  * $FreeBSD: src/sbin/ping6/ping6.c,v 1.30 2007/04/19 15:41:00 mtm Exp $
34  */
35 
36 /*	BSDI	ping.c,v 2.3 1996/01/21 17:56:50 jch Exp	*/
37 
38 /*
39  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
40  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
41  *
42  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
43  * Mike Muuss.
44  *
45  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
46  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
47  * are met:
48  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
49  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
50  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
51  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
52  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
53  * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
54  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
55  *    without specific prior written permission.
56  *
57  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
58  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
59  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
60  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
61  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
62  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
63  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
64  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
65  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
66  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
67  * SUCH DAMAGE.
68  */
69 
70 /*
71  * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
72  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
73  *
74  * Author -
75  *	Mike Muuss
76  *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
77  *	December, 1983
78  *
79  * Status -
80  *	Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
81  * Bugs -
82  *	More statistics could always be gathered.
83  *	This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
84  */
85 /*
86  * NOTE:
87  * USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID assumes that sin6_scope_id has the same semantics
88  * as IPV6_PKTINFO.  Some people object it (sin6_scope_id specifies *link*
89  * while IPV6_PKTINFO specifies *interface*.  Link is defined as collection of
90  * network attached to 1 or more interfaces)
91  */
92 
93 #include <sys/param.h>
94 #include <sys/uio.h>
95 #include <sys/socket.h>
96 #include <sys/time.h>
97 
98 #include <net/if.h>
99 #include <net/route.h>
100 
101 #include <netinet/in.h>
102 #include <netinet/ip6.h>
103 #include <netinet/icmp6.h>
104 #include <arpa/inet.h>
105 #include <arpa/nameser.h>
106 #include <netdb.h>
107 
108 #include <ctype.h>
109 #include <err.h>
110 #include <errno.h>
111 #include <fcntl.h>
112 #include <math.h>
113 #include <signal.h>
114 #include <stdio.h>
115 #include <stdlib.h>
116 #include <string.h>
117 #include <unistd.h>
118 #ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
119 #include <poll.h>
120 #endif
121 
122 #ifdef IPSEC
123 #include <netinet6/ah.h>
124 #include <netinet6/ipsec.h>
125 #endif
126 
127 #include <md5.h>
128 
129 struct tv32 {
130 	u_int32_t tv32_sec;
131 	u_int32_t tv32_usec;
132 };
133 
134 #define MAXPACKETLEN	131072
135 #define	IP6LEN		40
136 #define ICMP6ECHOLEN	8	/* icmp echo header len excluding time */
137 #define ICMP6ECHOTMLEN sizeof(struct tv32)
138 #define ICMP6_NIQLEN	(ICMP6ECHOLEN + 8)
139 #define CONTROLLEN	10240	/* ancillary data buffer size RFC3542 20.1 */
140 /* FQDN case, 64 bits of nonce + 32 bits ttl */
141 #define ICMP6_NIRLEN	(ICMP6ECHOLEN + 12)
142 #define	EXTRA		256	/* for AH and various other headers. weird. */
143 #define	DEFDATALEN	ICMP6ECHOTMLEN
144 #define MAXDATALEN	MAXPACKETLEN - IP6LEN - ICMP6ECHOLEN
145 #define	NROUTES		9		/* number of record route slots */
146 
147 #define	A(bit)		rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]	/* identify byte in array */
148 #define	B(bit)		(1 << ((bit) & 0x07))	/* identify bit in byte */
149 #define	SET(bit)	(A(bit) |= B(bit))
150 #define	CLR(bit)	(A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
151 #define	TST(bit)	(A(bit) & B(bit))
152 
153 #define	F_FLOOD		0x0001
154 #define	F_INTERVAL	0x0002
155 #define	F_PINGFILLED	0x0008
156 #define	F_QUIET		0x0010
157 #define	F_RROUTE	0x0020
158 #define	F_SO_DEBUG	0x0040
159 #define	F_VERBOSE	0x0100
160 #ifdef IPSEC
161 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
162 #define	F_POLICY	0x0400
163 #else
164 #define F_AUTHHDR	0x0200
165 #define F_ENCRYPT	0x0400
166 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
167 #endif /*IPSEC*/
168 #define F_NODEADDR	0x0800
169 #define F_FQDN		0x1000
170 #define F_INTERFACE	0x2000
171 #define F_SRCADDR	0x4000
172 #define F_HOSTNAME	0x10000
173 #define F_FQDNOLD	0x20000
174 #define F_NIGROUP	0x40000
175 #define F_SUPTYPES	0x80000
176 #define F_NOMINMTU	0x100000
177 #define F_NOUSERDATA	(F_NODEADDR | F_FQDN | F_FQDNOLD | F_SUPTYPES)
178 u_int options;
179 
180 #define IN6LEN		sizeof(struct in6_addr)
181 #define SA6LEN		sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6)
182 #define DUMMY_PORT	10101
183 
184 #define SIN6(s)	((struct sockaddr_in6 *)(s))
185 
186 /*
187  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
188  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
189  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
190  */
191 #define	MAX_DUP_CHK	(8 * 8192)
192 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
193 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
194 
195 struct addrinfo *res;
196 struct sockaddr_in6 dst;	/* who to ping6 */
197 struct sockaddr_in6 src;	/* src addr of this packet */
198 socklen_t srclen;
199 int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
200 int s;				/* socket file descriptor */
201 u_char outpack[MAXPACKETLEN];
202 char BSPACE = '\b';		/* characters written for flood */
203 char DOT = '.';
204 char *hostname;
205 int ident;			/* process id to identify our packets */
206 u_int8_t nonce[8];		/* nonce field for node information */
207 int hoplimit = -1;		/* hoplimit */
208 int pathmtu = 0;		/* path MTU for the destination.  0 = unspec. */
209 
210 /* counters */
211 long npackets;			/* max packets to transmit */
212 long nreceived;			/* # of packets we got back */
213 long nrepeats;			/* number of duplicates */
214 long ntransmitted;		/* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
215 struct timeval interval = {1, 0}; /* interval between packets */
216 
217 /* timing */
218 int timing;			/* flag to do timing */
219 double tmin = 999999999.0;	/* minimum round trip time */
220 double tmax = 0.0;		/* maximum round trip time */
221 double tsum = 0.0;		/* sum of all times, for doing average */
222 double tsumsq = 0.0;		/* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
223 
224 /* for node addresses */
225 u_short naflags;
226 
227 /* for ancillary data(advanced API) */
228 struct msghdr smsghdr;
229 struct iovec smsgiov;
230 char *scmsg = NULL;
231 
232 volatile sig_atomic_t seenalrm;
233 volatile sig_atomic_t seenint;
234 #ifdef SIGINFO
235 volatile sig_atomic_t seeninfo;
236 #endif
237 
238 int	 main(int, char *[]);
239 void	 fill(char *, char *);
240 int	 get_hoplim(struct msghdr *);
241 #ifdef IPV6_RECVPATHMTU
242 int	 get_pathmtu(struct msghdr *);
243 #else
244 #define get_pathmtu(mhdr) (0)
245 #endif
246 struct in6_pktinfo *get_rcvpktinfo(struct msghdr *);
247 void	 onsignal(int);
248 void	 retransmit(void);
249 void	 onint(int);
250 size_t	 pingerlen(void);
251 int	 pinger(void);
252 const char *pr_addr(struct sockaddr *, int);
253 void	 pr_icmph(struct icmp6_hdr *, u_char *);
254 void	 pr_iph(struct ip6_hdr *);
255 void	 pr_suptypes(struct icmp6_nodeinfo *, size_t);
256 void	 pr_nodeaddr(struct icmp6_nodeinfo *, int);
257 int	 myechoreply(const struct icmp6_hdr *);
258 int	 mynireply(const struct icmp6_nodeinfo *);
259 char *dnsdecode(const u_char **, const u_char *, const u_char *,
260 	char *, size_t);
261 void	 pr_pack(u_char *, int, struct msghdr *);
262 void	 pr_exthdrs(struct msghdr *);
263 void	 pr_ip6opt(void *, size_t);
264 void	 pr_rthdr(void *, size_t);
265 int	 pr_bitrange(u_int32_t, int, int);
266 void	 pr_retip(struct ip6_hdr *, u_char *);
267 void	 summary(void);
268 void	 tvsub(struct timeval *, struct timeval *);
269 int	 setpolicy(int, char *);
270 char	*nigroup(char *);
271 void	 usage(void);
272 
273 int
274 main(int argc, char **argv)
275 {
276 	struct itimerval itimer;
277 	struct sockaddr_in6 from;
278 #ifndef HAVE_ARC4RANDOM
279 	struct timeval seed;
280 #endif
281 #ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
282 	int timeout;
283 #else
284 	struct timeval timeout, *tv;
285 #endif
286 	struct addrinfo hints;
287 #ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
288 	struct pollfd fdmaskp[1];
289 #else
290 	fd_set *fdmaskp;
291 	int fdmasks;
292 #endif
293 	int cc, i;
294 	int ch, hold, packlen, preload, optval, ret_ga;
295 	u_char *datap, *packet;
296 	char *e, *target, *ifname = NULL, *gateway = NULL;
297 	int ip6optlen = 0;
298 	struct cmsghdr *scmsgp = NULL;
299 	struct cmsghdr *cm;
300 #if defined(SO_SNDBUF) && defined(SO_RCVBUF)
301 	u_long lsockbufsize;
302 	int sockbufsize = 0;
303 #endif
304 	int usepktinfo = 0;
305 	struct in6_pktinfo *pktinfo = NULL;
306 #ifdef USE_RFC3542
307 	struct ip6_rthdr *rthdr = NULL;
308 #endif
309 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
310 	char *policy_in = NULL;
311 	char *policy_out = NULL;
312 #endif
313 #ifdef IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU
314 	int mflag = 0;
315 #endif
316 	double intval;
317 
318 	/* just to be sure */
319 	memset(&smsghdr, 0, sizeof(smsghdr));
320 	memset(&smsgiov, 0, sizeof(smsgiov));
321 
322 	preload = 0;
323 	datap = &outpack[ICMP6ECHOLEN + ICMP6ECHOTMLEN];
324 #ifndef IPSEC
325 #define ADDOPTS
326 #else
327 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
328 #define ADDOPTS	"P:"
329 #else
330 #define ADDOPTS	"AE"
331 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
332 #endif
333 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
334 	    "a:b:c:dfHg:h:I:i:l:mnNp:qS:s:tvwW" ADDOPTS)) != -1) {
335 #undef ADDOPTS
336 		switch (ch) {
337 		case 'a':
338 		{
339 			char *cp;
340 
341 			options &= ~F_NOUSERDATA;
342 			options |= F_NODEADDR;
343 			for (cp = optarg; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
344 				switch (*cp) {
345 				case 'a':
346 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_ALL;
347 					break;
348 				case 'c':
349 				case 'C':
350 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_COMPAT;
351 					break;
352 				case 'l':
353 				case 'L':
354 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_LINKLOCAL;
355 					break;
356 				case 's':
357 				case 'S':
358 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_SITELOCAL;
359 					break;
360 				case 'g':
361 				case 'G':
362 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_GLOBAL;
363 					break;
364 				case 'A': /* experimental. not in the spec */
365 #ifdef NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_ANYCAST
366 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_ANYCAST;
367 					break;
368 #else
369 					errx(1,
370 "-a A is not supported on the platform");
371 					/*NOTREACHED*/
372 #endif
373 				default:
374 					usage();
375 					/*NOTREACHED*/
376 				}
377 			}
378 			break;
379 		}
380 		case 'b':
381 #if defined(SO_SNDBUF) && defined(SO_RCVBUF)
382 			errno = 0;
383 			e = NULL;
384 			lsockbufsize = strtoul(optarg, &e, 10);
385 			sockbufsize = lsockbufsize;
386 			if (errno || !*optarg || *e ||
387 			    sockbufsize != (long)lsockbufsize)
388 				errx(1, "invalid socket buffer size");
389 #else
390 			errx(1,
391 "-b option ignored: SO_SNDBUF/SO_RCVBUF socket options not supported");
392 #endif
393 			break;
394 		case 'c':
395 			npackets = strtol(optarg, &e, 10);
396 			if (npackets <= 0 || *optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
397 				errx(1,
398 				    "illegal number of packets -- %s", optarg);
399 			break;
400 		case 'd':
401 			options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
402 			break;
403 		case 'f':
404 			if (getuid()) {
405 				errno = EPERM;
406 				errx(1, "Must be superuser to flood ping");
407 			}
408 			options |= F_FLOOD;
409 			setbuf(stdout, NULL);
410 			break;
411 		case 'g':
412 			gateway = optarg;
413 			break;
414 		case 'H':
415 			options |= F_HOSTNAME;
416 			break;
417 		case 'h':		/* hoplimit */
418 			hoplimit = strtol(optarg, &e, 10);
419 			if (*optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
420 				errx(1, "illegal hoplimit %s", optarg);
421 			if (255 < hoplimit || hoplimit < -1)
422 				errx(1,
423 				    "illegal hoplimit -- %s", optarg);
424 			break;
425 		case 'I':
426 			ifname = optarg;
427 			options |= F_INTERFACE;
428 #ifndef USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID
429 			usepktinfo++;
430 #endif
431 			break;
432 		case 'i':		/* wait between sending packets */
433 			intval = strtod(optarg, &e);
434 			if (*optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
435 				errx(1, "illegal timing interval %s", optarg);
436 			if (intval < 1 && getuid()) {
437 				errx(1, "%s: only root may use interval < 1s",
438 				    strerror(EPERM));
439 			}
440 			interval.tv_sec = (long)intval;
441 			interval.tv_usec =
442 			    (long)((intval - interval.tv_sec) * 1000000);
443 			if (interval.tv_sec < 0)
444 				errx(1, "illegal timing interval %s", optarg);
445 			/* less than 1/hz does not make sense */
446 			if (interval.tv_sec == 0 && interval.tv_usec < 10000) {
447 				warnx("too small interval, raised to 0.01");
448 				interval.tv_usec = 10000;
449 			}
450 			options |= F_INTERVAL;
451 			break;
452 		case 'l':
453 			if (getuid()) {
454 				errno = EPERM;
455 				errx(1, "Must be superuser to preload");
456 			}
457 			preload = strtol(optarg, &e, 10);
458 			if (preload < 0 || *optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
459 				errx(1, "illegal preload value -- %s", optarg);
460 			break;
461 		case 'm':
462 #ifdef IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU
463 			mflag++;
464 			break;
465 #else
466 			errx(1, "-%c is not supported on this platform", ch);
467 			/*NOTREACHED*/
468 #endif
469 		case 'n':
470 			options &= ~F_HOSTNAME;
471 			break;
472 		case 'N':
473 			options |= F_NIGROUP;
474 			break;
475 		case 'p':		/* fill buffer with user pattern */
476 			options |= F_PINGFILLED;
477 			fill((char *)datap, optarg);
478 				break;
479 		case 'q':
480 			options |= F_QUIET;
481 			break;
482 		case 'S':
483 			memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
484 			hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST; /* allow hostname? */
485 			hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
486 			hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW;
487 			hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
488 
489 			ret_ga = getaddrinfo(optarg, NULL, &hints, &res);
490 			if (ret_ga) {
491 				errx(1, "invalid source address: %s",
492 				     gai_strerror(ret_ga));
493 			}
494 			/*
495 			 * res->ai_family must be AF_INET6 and res->ai_addrlen
496 			 * must be sizeof(src).
497 			 */
498 			memcpy(&src, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
499 			srclen = res->ai_addrlen;
500 			freeaddrinfo(res);
501 			options |= F_SRCADDR;
502 			break;
503 		case 's':		/* size of packet to send */
504 			datalen = strtol(optarg, &e, 10);
505 			if (datalen <= 0 || *optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
506 				errx(1, "illegal datalen value -- %s", optarg);
507 			if (datalen > MAXDATALEN) {
508 				errx(1,
509 				    "datalen value too large, maximum is %d",
510 				    MAXDATALEN);
511 			}
512 			break;
513 		case 't':
514 			options &= ~F_NOUSERDATA;
515 			options |= F_SUPTYPES;
516 			break;
517 		case 'v':
518 			options |= F_VERBOSE;
519 			break;
520 		case 'w':
521 			options &= ~F_NOUSERDATA;
522 			options |= F_FQDN;
523 			break;
524 		case 'W':
525 			options &= ~F_NOUSERDATA;
526 			options |= F_FQDNOLD;
527 			break;
528 #ifdef IPSEC
529 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
530 		case 'P':
531 			options |= F_POLICY;
532 			if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2)) {
533 				if ((policy_in = strdup(optarg)) == NULL)
534 					errx(1, "strdup");
535 			} else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3)) {
536 				if ((policy_out = strdup(optarg)) == NULL)
537 					errx(1, "strdup");
538 			} else
539 				errx(1, "invalid security policy");
540 			break;
541 #else
542 		case 'A':
543 			options |= F_AUTHHDR;
544 			break;
545 		case 'E':
546 			options |= F_ENCRYPT;
547 			break;
548 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
549 #endif /*IPSEC*/
550 		default:
551 			usage();
552 			/*NOTREACHED*/
553 		}
554 	}
555 
556 	argc -= optind;
557 	argv += optind;
558 
559 	if (argc < 1) {
560 		usage();
561 		/*NOTREACHED*/
562 	}
563 	if (argc > 1) {
564 		errx(1, "too many arguments");
565 		/*NOTREACHED*/
566 	}
567 
568 	if (options & F_NIGROUP) {
569 		target = nigroup(argv[argc - 1]);
570 		if (target == NULL) {
571 			usage();
572 			/*NOTREACHED*/
573 		}
574 	} else
575 		target = argv[argc - 1];
576 
577 	/* getaddrinfo */
578 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
579 	hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;
580 	hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
581 	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW;
582 	hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
583 
584 	ret_ga = getaddrinfo(target, NULL, &hints, &res);
585 	if (ret_ga)
586 		errx(1, "%s", gai_strerror(ret_ga));
587 	if (res->ai_canonname)
588 		hostname = res->ai_canonname;
589 	else
590 		hostname = target;
591 
592 	if (!res->ai_addr)
593 		errx(1, "getaddrinfo failed");
594 
595 	memcpy(&dst, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
596 
597 	if ((s = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype,
598 	    res->ai_protocol)) < 0)
599 		err(1, "socket");
600 
601 	/* set the source address if specified. */
602 	if ((options & F_SRCADDR) &&
603 	    bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&src, srclen) != 0) {
604 		err(1, "bind");
605 	}
606 
607 	/* set the gateway (next hop) if specified */
608 	if (gateway) {
609 		struct addrinfo ghints, *gres;
610 		int error;
611 
612 		memset(&ghints, 0, sizeof(ghints));
613 		ghints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
614 		ghints.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW;
615 		ghints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
616 
617 		error = getaddrinfo(gateway, NULL, &hints, &gres);
618 		if (error) {
619 			errx(1, "getaddrinfo for the gateway %s: %s",
620 			     gateway, gai_strerror(error));
621 		}
622 		if (gres->ai_next && (options & F_VERBOSE))
623 			warnx("gateway resolves to multiple addresses");
624 
625 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_NEXTHOP,
626 			       gres->ai_addr, gres->ai_addrlen)) {
627 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_NEXTHOP)");
628 		}
629 
630 		freeaddrinfo(gres);
631 	}
632 
633 	/*
634 	 * let the kerel pass extension headers of incoming packets,
635 	 * for privileged socket options
636 	 */
637 	if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
638 		int opton = 1;
639 
640 #ifdef IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS
641 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS, &opton,
642 		    sizeof(opton)))
643 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS)");
644 #else  /* old adv. API */
645 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_HOPOPTS, &opton,
646 		    sizeof(opton)))
647 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_HOPOPTS)");
648 #endif
649 #ifdef IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS
650 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS, &opton,
651 		    sizeof(opton)))
652 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS)");
653 #else  /* old adv. API */
654 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_DSTOPTS, &opton,
655 		    sizeof(opton)))
656 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_DSTOPTS)");
657 #endif
658 #ifdef IPV6_RECVRTHDRDSTOPTS
659 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVRTHDRDSTOPTS, &opton,
660 		    sizeof(opton)))
661 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVRTHDRDSTOPTS)");
662 #endif
663 	}
664 
665 	/* revoke root privilege */
666 	seteuid(getuid());
667 	setuid(getuid());
668 
669 	if ((options & F_FLOOD) && (options & F_INTERVAL))
670 		errx(1, "-f and -i incompatible options");
671 
672 	if ((options & F_NOUSERDATA) == 0) {
673 		if (datalen >= (int)sizeof(struct tv32)) {
674 			/* we can time transfer */
675 			timing = 1;
676 		} else
677 			timing = 0;
678 		/* in F_VERBOSE case, we may get non-echoreply packets*/
679 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
680 			packlen = 2048 + IP6LEN + ICMP6ECHOLEN + EXTRA;
681 		else
682 			packlen = datalen + IP6LEN + ICMP6ECHOLEN + EXTRA;
683 	} else {
684 		/* suppress timing for node information query */
685 		timing = 0;
686 		datalen = 2048;
687 		packlen = 2048 + IP6LEN + ICMP6ECHOLEN + EXTRA;
688 	}
689 
690 	if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((u_int)packlen)))
691 		err(1, "Unable to allocate packet");
692 	if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
693 		for (i = ICMP6ECHOLEN; i < packlen; ++i)
694 			*datap++ = i;
695 
696 	ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
697 #ifndef HAVE_ARC4RANDOM
698 	gettimeofday(&seed, NULL);
699 	srand((unsigned int)(seed.tv_sec ^ seed.tv_usec ^ (long)ident));
700 	memset(nonce, 0, sizeof(nonce));
701 	for (i = 0; i < (int)sizeof(nonce); i += sizeof(int))
702 		*((int *)&nonce[i]) = rand();
703 #else
704 	memset(nonce, 0, sizeof(nonce));
705 	for (i = 0; i < (int)sizeof(nonce); i += sizeof(u_int32_t))
706 		*((u_int32_t *)&nonce[i]) = arc4random();
707 #endif
708 
709 	hold = 1;
710 
711 	if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
712 		setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
713 		    sizeof(hold));
714 	optval = IPV6_DEFHLIM;
715 	if (IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST(&dst.sin6_addr))
716 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS,
717 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
718 			err(1, "IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS");
719 #ifdef IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU
720 	if (mflag != 1) {
721 		optval = mflag > 1 ? 0 : 1;
722 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU,
723 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
724 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU)");
725 	}
726 #ifdef IPV6_RECVPATHMTU
727 	else {
728 		optval = 1;
729 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPATHMTU,
730 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
731 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVPATHMTU)");
732 	}
733 #endif /* IPV6_RECVPATHMTU */
734 #endif /* IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU */
735 
736 #ifdef IPSEC
737 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
738 	if (options & F_POLICY) {
739 		if (setpolicy(s, policy_in) < 0)
740 			errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
741 		if (setpolicy(s, policy_out) < 0)
742 			errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
743 	}
744 #else
745 	if (options & F_AUTHHDR) {
746 		optval = IPSEC_LEVEL_REQUIRE;
747 #ifdef IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL
748 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL,
749 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
750 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL)");
751 #else /* old def */
752 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL,
753 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
754 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL)");
755 #endif
756 	}
757 	if (options & F_ENCRYPT) {
758 		optval = IPSEC_LEVEL_REQUIRE;
759 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL,
760 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
761 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL)");
762 	}
763 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
764 #endif
765 
766 #ifdef ICMP6_FILTER
767     {
768 	struct icmp6_filter filt;
769 	if (!(options & F_VERBOSE)) {
770 		ICMP6_FILTER_SETBLOCKALL(&filt);
771 		if ((options & F_FQDN) || (options & F_FQDNOLD) ||
772 		    (options & F_NODEADDR) || (options & F_SUPTYPES))
773 			ICMP6_FILTER_SETPASS(ICMP6_NI_REPLY, &filt);
774 		else
775 			ICMP6_FILTER_SETPASS(ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY, &filt);
776 	} else {
777 		ICMP6_FILTER_SETPASSALL(&filt);
778 	}
779 	if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_ICMPV6, ICMP6_FILTER, &filt,
780 	    sizeof(filt)) < 0)
781 		err(1, "setsockopt(ICMP6_FILTER)");
782     }
783 #endif /*ICMP6_FILTER*/
784 
785 	/* let the kerel pass extension headers of incoming packets */
786 	if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
787 		int opton = 1;
788 
789 #ifdef IPV6_RECVRTHDR
790 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVRTHDR, &opton,
791 		    sizeof(opton)))
792 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVRTHDR)");
793 #else  /* old adv. API */
794 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RTHDR, &opton,
795 		    sizeof(opton)))
796 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RTHDR)");
797 #endif
798 	}
799 
800 /*
801 	optval = 1;
802 	if (IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST(&dst.sin6_addr))
803 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP,
804 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
805 			err(1, "IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP");
806 */
807 
808 	/* Specify the outgoing interface and/or the source address */
809 	if (usepktinfo)
810 		ip6optlen += CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo));
811 
812 	if (hoplimit != -1)
813 		ip6optlen += CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int));
814 
815 	/* set IP6 packet options */
816 	if (ip6optlen) {
817 		if ((scmsg = (char *)malloc(ip6optlen)) == NULL)
818 			errx(1, "can't allocate enough memory");
819 		smsghdr.msg_control = (caddr_t)scmsg;
820 		smsghdr.msg_controllen = ip6optlen;
821 		scmsgp = (struct cmsghdr *)scmsg;
822 	}
823 	if (usepktinfo) {
824 		pktinfo = (struct in6_pktinfo *)(CMSG_DATA(scmsgp));
825 		memset(pktinfo, 0, sizeof(*pktinfo));
826 		scmsgp->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo));
827 		scmsgp->cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IPV6;
828 		scmsgp->cmsg_type = IPV6_PKTINFO;
829 		scmsgp = CMSG_NXTHDR(&smsghdr, scmsgp);
830 	}
831 
832 	/* set the outgoing interface */
833 	if (ifname) {
834 #ifndef USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID
835 		/* pktinfo must have already been allocated */
836 		if ((pktinfo->ipi6_ifindex = if_nametoindex(ifname)) == 0)
837 			errx(1, "%s: invalid interface name", ifname);
838 #else
839 		if ((dst.sin6_scope_id = if_nametoindex(ifname)) == 0)
840 			errx(1, "%s: invalid interface name", ifname);
841 #endif
842 	}
843 	if (hoplimit != -1) {
844 		scmsgp->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
845 		scmsgp->cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IPV6;
846 		scmsgp->cmsg_type = IPV6_HOPLIMIT;
847 		*(int *)(CMSG_DATA(scmsgp)) = hoplimit;
848 
849 		scmsgp = CMSG_NXTHDR(&smsghdr, scmsgp);
850 	}
851 
852 	if (!(options & F_SRCADDR)) {
853 		/*
854 		 * get the source address. XXX since we revoked the root
855 		 * privilege, we cannot use a raw socket for this.
856 		 */
857 		int dummy;
858 		socklen_t len = sizeof(src);
859 
860 		if ((dummy = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
861 			err(1, "UDP socket");
862 
863 		src.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
864 		src.sin6_addr = dst.sin6_addr;
865 		src.sin6_port = ntohs(DUMMY_PORT);
866 		src.sin6_scope_id = dst.sin6_scope_id;
867 
868 #ifdef USE_RFC3542
869 		if (pktinfo &&
870 		    setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO,
871 		    (void *)pktinfo, sizeof(*pktinfo)))
872 			err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_PKTINFO)");
873 		if (hoplimit != -1 &&
874 		    setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS,
875 		    (void *)&hoplimit, sizeof(hoplimit)))
876 			err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS)");
877 		if (hoplimit != -1 &&
878 		    setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS,
879 		    (void *)&hoplimit, sizeof(hoplimit)))
880 			err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS)");
881 		if (rthdr &&
882 		    setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RTHDR,
883 		    (void *)rthdr, (rthdr->ip6r_len + 1) << 3))
884 			err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_RTHDR)");
885 #else  /* old advanced API */
886 		if (smsghdr.msg_control &&
887 		    setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTOPTIONS,
888 		    (void *)smsghdr.msg_control, smsghdr.msg_controllen))
889 			err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_PKTOPTIONS)");
890 #endif
891 
892 		if (connect(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&src, len) < 0)
893 			err(1, "UDP connect");
894 
895 		if (getsockname(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&src, &len) < 0)
896 			err(1, "getsockname");
897 
898 		close(dummy);
899 	}
900 
901 #if defined(SO_SNDBUF) && defined(SO_RCVBUF)
902 	if (sockbufsize) {
903 		if (datalen > sockbufsize)
904 			warnx("you need -b to increase socket buffer size");
905 		if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &sockbufsize,
906 		    sizeof(sockbufsize)) < 0)
907 			err(1, "setsockopt(SO_SNDBUF)");
908 		if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &sockbufsize,
909 		    sizeof(sockbufsize)) < 0)
910 			err(1, "setsockopt(SO_RCVBUF)");
911 	}
912 	else {
913 		if (datalen > 8 * 1024)	/*XXX*/
914 			warnx("you need -b to increase socket buffer size");
915 		/*
916 		 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of
917 		 * answers. Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying
918 		 * to stress the ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache
919 		 * to get some stuff for /etc/ethers.
920 		 */
921 		hold = 48 * 1024;
922 		setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
923 		    sizeof(hold));
924 	}
925 #endif
926 
927 	optval = 1;
928 #ifndef USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID
929 #ifdef IPV6_RECVPKTINFO
930 	if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO, &optval,
931 	    sizeof(optval)) < 0)
932 		warn("setsockopt(IPV6_RECVPKTINFO)"); /* XXX err? */
933 #else  /* old adv. API */
934 	if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO, &optval,
935 	    sizeof(optval)) < 0)
936 		warn("setsockopt(IPV6_PKTINFO)"); /* XXX err? */
937 #endif
938 #endif /* USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID */
939 #ifdef IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT
940 	if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT, &optval,
941 	    sizeof(optval)) < 0)
942 		warn("setsockopt(IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT)"); /* XXX err? */
943 #else  /* old adv. API */
944 	if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_HOPLIMIT, &optval,
945 	    sizeof(optval)) < 0)
946 		warn("setsockopt(IPV6_HOPLIMIT)"); /* XXX err? */
947 #endif
948 
949 	printf("PING6(%lu=40+8+%lu bytes) ", (unsigned long)(40 + pingerlen()),
950 	    (unsigned long)(pingerlen() - 8));
951 	printf("%s --> ", pr_addr((struct sockaddr *)&src, sizeof(src)));
952 	printf("%s\n", pr_addr((struct sockaddr *)&dst, sizeof(dst)));
953 
954 	while (preload--)		/* Fire off them quickies. */
955 		pinger();
956 
957 	signal(SIGINT, onsignal);
958 #ifdef SIGINFO
959 	signal(SIGINFO, onsignal);
960 #endif
961 
962 	if ((options & F_FLOOD) == 0) {
963 		signal(SIGALRM, onsignal);
964 		itimer.it_interval = interval;
965 		itimer.it_value = interval;
966 		setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itimer, NULL);
967 		if (ntransmitted == 0)
968 			retransmit();
969 	}
970 
971 #ifndef HAVE_POLL_H
972 	fdmasks = howmany(s + 1, NFDBITS) * sizeof(fd_mask);
973 	if ((fdmaskp = malloc(fdmasks)) == NULL)
974 		err(1, "malloc");
975 #endif
976 
977 	seenalrm = seenint = 0;
978 #ifdef SIGINFO
979 	seeninfo = 0;
980 #endif
981 
982 	/* For control (ancillary) data received from recvmsg() */
983 	cm = (struct cmsghdr *)malloc(CONTROLLEN);
984 	if (cm == NULL)
985 		err(1, "malloc");
986 
987 	for (;;) {
988 		struct msghdr m;
989 		struct iovec iov[2];
990 
991 		/* signal handling */
992 		if (seenalrm) {
993 			retransmit();
994 			seenalrm = 0;
995 			continue;
996 		}
997 		if (seenint) {
998 			onint(SIGINT);
999 			seenint = 0;
1000 			continue;
1001 		}
1002 #ifdef SIGINFO
1003 		if (seeninfo) {
1004 			summary();
1005 			seeninfo = 0;
1006 			continue;
1007 		}
1008 #endif
1009 
1010 		if (options & F_FLOOD) {
1011 			pinger();
1012 #ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
1013 			timeout = 10;
1014 #else
1015 			timeout.tv_sec = 0;
1016 			timeout.tv_usec = 10000;
1017 			tv = &timeout;
1018 #endif
1019 		} else {
1020 #ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
1021 			timeout = INFTIM;
1022 #else
1023 			tv = NULL;
1024 #endif
1025 		}
1026 #ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
1027 		fdmaskp[0].fd = s;
1028 		fdmaskp[0].events = POLLIN;
1029 		cc = poll(fdmaskp, 1, timeout);
1030 #else
1031 		memset(fdmaskp, 0, fdmasks);
1032 		FD_SET(s, fdmaskp);
1033 		cc = select(s + 1, fdmaskp, NULL, NULL, tv);
1034 #endif
1035 		if (cc < 0) {
1036 			if (errno != EINTR) {
1037 #ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
1038 				warn("poll");
1039 #else
1040 				warn("select");
1041 #endif
1042 				sleep(1);
1043 			}
1044 			continue;
1045 		} else if (cc == 0)
1046 			continue;
1047 
1048 		m.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
1049 		m.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
1050 		memset(&iov, 0, sizeof(iov));
1051 		iov[0].iov_base = (caddr_t)packet;
1052 		iov[0].iov_len = packlen;
1053 		m.msg_iov = iov;
1054 		m.msg_iovlen = 1;
1055 		memset(cm, 0, CONTROLLEN);
1056 		m.msg_control = (void *)cm;
1057 		m.msg_controllen = CONTROLLEN;
1058 
1059 		cc = recvmsg(s, &m, 0);
1060 		if (cc < 0) {
1061 			if (errno != EINTR) {
1062 				warn("recvmsg");
1063 				sleep(1);
1064 			}
1065 			continue;
1066 		} else if (cc == 0) {
1067 			int mtu;
1068 
1069 			/*
1070 			 * receive control messages only. Process the
1071 			 * exceptions (currently the only possiblity is
1072 			 * a path MTU notification.)
1073 			 */
1074 			if ((mtu = get_pathmtu(&m)) > 0) {
1075 				if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
1076 					printf("new path MTU (%d) is "
1077 					    "notified\n", mtu);
1078 				}
1079 			}
1080 			continue;
1081 		} else {
1082 			/*
1083 			 * an ICMPv6 message (probably an echoreply) arrived.
1084 			 */
1085 			pr_pack(packet, cc, &m);
1086 		}
1087 		if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets)
1088 			break;
1089 	}
1090 	summary();
1091 	exit(nreceived == 0);
1092 }
1093 
1094 void
1095 onsignal(int sig)
1096 {
1097 	switch (sig) {
1098 	case SIGALRM:
1099 		seenalrm++;
1100 		break;
1101 	case SIGINT:
1102 		seenint++;
1103 		break;
1104 #ifdef SIGINFO
1105 	case SIGINFO:
1106 		seeninfo++;
1107 		break;
1108 #endif
1109 	}
1110 }
1111 
1112 /*
1113  * retransmit --
1114  *	This routine transmits another ping6.
1115  */
1116 void
1117 retransmit(void)
1118 {
1119 	struct itimerval itimer;
1120 
1121 	if (pinger() == 0)
1122 		return;
1123 
1124 	/*
1125 	 * If we're not transmitting any more packets, change the timer
1126 	 * to wait two round-trip times if we've received any packets or
1127 	 * ten seconds if we haven't.
1128 	 */
1129 #define	MAXWAIT		10
1130 	if (nreceived) {
1131 		itimer.it_value.tv_sec =  2 * tmax / 1000;
1132 		if (itimer.it_value.tv_sec == 0)
1133 			itimer.it_value.tv_sec = 1;
1134 	} else
1135 		itimer.it_value.tv_sec = MAXWAIT;
1136 	itimer.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
1137 	itimer.it_interval.tv_usec = 0;
1138 	itimer.it_value.tv_usec = 0;
1139 
1140 	signal(SIGALRM, onint);
1141 	setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itimer, NULL);
1142 }
1143 
1144 /*
1145  * pinger --
1146  *	Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
1147  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1148  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first 8 bytes
1149  * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in VAX
1150  * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1151  */
1152 size_t
1153 pingerlen(void)
1154 {
1155 	size_t l;
1156 
1157 	if (options & F_FQDN)
1158 		l = ICMP6_NIQLEN + sizeof(dst.sin6_addr);
1159 	else if (options & F_FQDNOLD)
1160 		l = ICMP6_NIQLEN;
1161 	else if (options & F_NODEADDR)
1162 		l = ICMP6_NIQLEN + sizeof(dst.sin6_addr);
1163 	else if (options & F_SUPTYPES)
1164 		l = ICMP6_NIQLEN;
1165 	else
1166 		l = ICMP6ECHOLEN + datalen;
1167 
1168 	return l;
1169 }
1170 
1171 int
1172 pinger(void)
1173 {
1174 	struct icmp6_hdr *icp;
1175 	struct iovec iov[2];
1176 	int i, cc;
1177 	struct icmp6_nodeinfo *nip;
1178 	int seq;
1179 
1180 	if (npackets && ntransmitted >= npackets)
1181 		return(-1);	/* no more transmission */
1182 
1183 	icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)outpack;
1184 	nip = (struct icmp6_nodeinfo *)outpack;
1185 	memset(icp, 0, sizeof(*icp));
1186 	icp->icmp6_cksum = 0;
1187 	seq = ntransmitted++;
1188 	CLR(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1189 
1190 	if (options & F_FQDN) {
1191 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_NI_QUERY;
1192 		icp->icmp6_code = ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_IPV6;
1193 		nip->ni_qtype = htons(NI_QTYPE_FQDN);
1194 		nip->ni_flags = htons(0);
1195 
1196 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, nonce,
1197 		    sizeof(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce));
1198 		*(u_int16_t *)nip->icmp6_ni_nonce = ntohs(seq);
1199 
1200 		memcpy(&outpack[ICMP6_NIQLEN], &dst.sin6_addr,
1201 		    sizeof(dst.sin6_addr));
1202 		cc = ICMP6_NIQLEN + sizeof(dst.sin6_addr);
1203 		datalen = 0;
1204 	} else if (options & F_FQDNOLD) {
1205 		/* packet format in 03 draft - no Subject data on queries */
1206 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_NI_QUERY;
1207 		icp->icmp6_code = 0;	/* code field is always 0 */
1208 		nip->ni_qtype = htons(NI_QTYPE_FQDN);
1209 		nip->ni_flags = htons(0);
1210 
1211 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, nonce,
1212 		    sizeof(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce));
1213 		*(u_int16_t *)nip->icmp6_ni_nonce = ntohs(seq);
1214 
1215 		cc = ICMP6_NIQLEN;
1216 		datalen = 0;
1217 	} else if (options & F_NODEADDR) {
1218 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_NI_QUERY;
1219 		icp->icmp6_code = ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_IPV6;
1220 		nip->ni_qtype = htons(NI_QTYPE_NODEADDR);
1221 		nip->ni_flags = naflags;
1222 
1223 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, nonce,
1224 		    sizeof(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce));
1225 		*(u_int16_t *)nip->icmp6_ni_nonce = ntohs(seq);
1226 
1227 		memcpy(&outpack[ICMP6_NIQLEN], &dst.sin6_addr,
1228 		    sizeof(dst.sin6_addr));
1229 		cc = ICMP6_NIQLEN + sizeof(dst.sin6_addr);
1230 		datalen = 0;
1231 	} else if (options & F_SUPTYPES) {
1232 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_NI_QUERY;
1233 		icp->icmp6_code = ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_FQDN;	/*empty*/
1234 		nip->ni_qtype = htons(NI_QTYPE_SUPTYPES);
1235 		/* we support compressed bitmap */
1236 		nip->ni_flags = NI_SUPTYPE_FLAG_COMPRESS;
1237 
1238 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, nonce,
1239 		    sizeof(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce));
1240 		*(u_int16_t *)nip->icmp6_ni_nonce = ntohs(seq);
1241 		cc = ICMP6_NIQLEN;
1242 		datalen = 0;
1243 	} else {
1244 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST;
1245 		icp->icmp6_code = 0;
1246 		icp->icmp6_id = htons(ident);
1247 		icp->icmp6_seq = ntohs(seq);
1248 		if (timing) {
1249 			struct timeval tv;
1250 			struct tv32 *tv32;
1251 			gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
1252 			tv32 = (struct tv32 *)&outpack[ICMP6ECHOLEN];
1253 			tv32->tv32_sec = htonl(tv.tv_sec);
1254 			tv32->tv32_usec = htonl(tv.tv_usec);
1255 		}
1256 		cc = ICMP6ECHOLEN + datalen;
1257 	}
1258 
1259 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
1260 	if (pingerlen() != cc)
1261 		errx(1, "internal error; length mismatch");
1262 #endif
1263 
1264 	smsghdr.msg_name = (caddr_t)&dst;
1265 	smsghdr.msg_namelen = sizeof(dst);
1266 	memset(&iov, 0, sizeof(iov));
1267 	iov[0].iov_base = (caddr_t)outpack;
1268 	iov[0].iov_len = cc;
1269 	smsghdr.msg_iov = iov;
1270 	smsghdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
1271 
1272 	i = sendmsg(s, &smsghdr, 0);
1273 
1274 	if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
1275 		if (i < 0)
1276 			warn("sendmsg");
1277 		printf("ping6: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n", hostname, cc, i);
1278 	}
1279 	if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1280 		write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1281 
1282 	return(0);
1283 }
1284 
1285 int
1286 myechoreply(const struct icmp6_hdr *icp)
1287 {
1288 	if (ntohs(icp->icmp6_id) == ident)
1289 		return 1;
1290 	else
1291 		return 0;
1292 }
1293 
1294 int
1295 mynireply(const struct icmp6_nodeinfo *nip)
1296 {
1297 	if (memcmp(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce + sizeof(u_int16_t),
1298 	    nonce + sizeof(u_int16_t),
1299 	    sizeof(nonce) - sizeof(u_int16_t)) == 0)
1300 		return 1;
1301 	else
1302 		return 0;
1303 }
1304 
1305 char *
1306 dnsdecode(const u_char **sp, const u_char *ep, const u_char *base, char *buf,
1307 	  size_t bufsiz)
1308 {
1309 	int i = 0;
1310 	const u_char *cp;
1311 	char cresult[MAXDNAME + 1];
1312 	const u_char *comp;
1313 	int l;
1314 
1315 	cp = *sp;
1316 	*buf = '\0';
1317 
1318 	if (cp >= ep)
1319 		return NULL;
1320 	while (cp < ep) {
1321 		i = *cp;
1322 		if (i == 0 || cp != *sp) {
1323 			if (strlcat((char *)buf, ".", bufsiz) >= bufsiz)
1324 				return NULL;	/*result overrun*/
1325 		}
1326 		if (i == 0)
1327 			break;
1328 		cp++;
1329 
1330 		if ((i & 0xc0) == 0xc0 && cp - base > (i & 0x3f)) {
1331 			/* DNS compression */
1332 			if (!base)
1333 				return NULL;
1334 
1335 			comp = base + (i & 0x3f);
1336 			if (dnsdecode(&comp, cp, base, cresult,
1337 			    sizeof(cresult)) == NULL)
1338 				return NULL;
1339 			if (strlcat(buf, cresult, bufsiz) >= bufsiz)
1340 				return NULL;	/*result overrun*/
1341 			break;
1342 		} else if ((i & 0x3f) == i) {
1343 			if (i > ep - cp)
1344 				return NULL;	/*source overrun*/
1345 			while (i-- > 0 && cp < ep) {
1346 				l = snprintf(cresult, sizeof(cresult),
1347 				    isprint(*cp) ? "%c" : "\\%03o", *cp & 0xff);
1348 				if (l >= (int)sizeof(cresult) || l < 0)
1349 					return NULL;
1350 				if (strlcat(buf, cresult, bufsiz) >= bufsiz)
1351 					return NULL;	/*result overrun*/
1352 				cp++;
1353 			}
1354 		} else
1355 			return NULL;	/*invalid label*/
1356 	}
1357 	if (i != 0)
1358 		return NULL;	/*not terminated*/
1359 	cp++;
1360 	*sp = cp;
1361 	return buf;
1362 }
1363 
1364 /*
1365  * pr_pack --
1366  *	Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1367  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1368  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1369  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1370  */
1371 void
1372 pr_pack(u_char *buf, int cc, struct msghdr *mhdr)
1373 {
1374 #define safeputc(c)	printf((isprint((c)) ? "%c" : "\\%03o"), c)
1375 	struct icmp6_hdr *icp;
1376 	struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni;
1377 	int i;
1378 	int hoplim;
1379 	struct sockaddr *from;
1380 	int fromlen;
1381 	u_char *cp = NULL, *dp, *end = buf + cc;
1382 	struct in6_pktinfo *pktinfo = NULL;
1383 	struct timeval tv, tp;
1384 	struct tv32 *tpp;
1385 	double triptime = 0;
1386 	int dupflag;
1387 	size_t off;
1388 	int oldfqdn;
1389 	u_int16_t seq;
1390 	char dnsname[MAXDNAME + 1];
1391 
1392 	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
1393 
1394 	if (!mhdr || !mhdr->msg_name ||
1395 	    mhdr->msg_namelen != sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6) ||
1396 	    ((struct sockaddr *)mhdr->msg_name)->sa_family != AF_INET6) {
1397 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1398 			warnx("invalid peername");
1399 		return;
1400 	}
1401 	from = (struct sockaddr *)mhdr->msg_name;
1402 	fromlen = mhdr->msg_namelen;
1403 	if (cc < (int)sizeof(struct icmp6_hdr)) {
1404 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1405 			warnx("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1406 			    pr_addr(from, fromlen));
1407 		return;
1408 	}
1409 	if (((mhdr->msg_flags & MSG_CTRUNC) != 0) &&
1410 	    (options & F_VERBOSE) != 0)
1411 		warnx("some control data discarded, insufficient buffer size");
1412 	icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)buf;
1413 	ni = (struct icmp6_nodeinfo *)buf;
1414 	off = 0;
1415 
1416 	if ((hoplim = get_hoplim(mhdr)) == -1) {
1417 		warnx("failed to get receiving hop limit");
1418 		return;
1419 	}
1420 	if ((pktinfo = get_rcvpktinfo(mhdr)) == NULL) {
1421 		warnx("failed to get receiving packet information");
1422 		return;
1423 	}
1424 
1425 	if (icp->icmp6_type == ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY && myechoreply(icp)) {
1426 		seq = ntohs(icp->icmp6_seq);
1427 		++nreceived;
1428 		if (timing) {
1429 			tpp = (struct tv32 *)(icp + 1);
1430 			tp.tv_sec = ntohl(tpp->tv32_sec);
1431 			tp.tv_usec = ntohl(tpp->tv32_usec);
1432 			tvsub(&tv, &tp);
1433 			triptime = ((double)tv.tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1434 			    ((double)tv.tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1435 			tsum += triptime;
1436 			tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1437 			if (triptime < tmin)
1438 				tmin = triptime;
1439 			if (triptime > tmax)
1440 				tmax = triptime;
1441 		}
1442 
1443 		if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1444 			++nrepeats;
1445 			--nreceived;
1446 			dupflag = 1;
1447 		} else {
1448 			SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1449 			dupflag = 0;
1450 		}
1451 
1452 		if (options & F_QUIET)
1453 			return;
1454 
1455 		if (options & F_FLOOD)
1456 			write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1457 		else {
1458 			printf("%d bytes from %s, icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1459 			    pr_addr(from, fromlen), seq);
1460 			printf(" hlim=%d", hoplim);
1461 			if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
1462 				struct sockaddr_in6 dstsa;
1463 
1464 				memset(&dstsa, 0, sizeof(dstsa));
1465 				dstsa.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
1466 				dstsa.sin6_len = sizeof(dstsa);
1467 				dstsa.sin6_scope_id = pktinfo->ipi6_ifindex;
1468 				dstsa.sin6_addr = pktinfo->ipi6_addr;
1469 				printf(" dst=%s",
1470 				    pr_addr((struct sockaddr *)&dstsa,
1471 				    sizeof(dstsa)));
1472 			}
1473 			if (timing)
1474 				printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1475 			if (dupflag)
1476 				printf("(DUP!)");
1477 			/* check the data */
1478 			cp = buf + off + ICMP6ECHOLEN + ICMP6ECHOTMLEN;
1479 			dp = outpack + ICMP6ECHOLEN + ICMP6ECHOTMLEN;
1480 			for (i = 8; cp < end; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) {
1481 				if (*cp != *dp) {
1482 					printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x", i, *dp, *cp);
1483 					break;
1484 				}
1485 			}
1486 		}
1487 	} else if (icp->icmp6_type == ICMP6_NI_REPLY && mynireply(ni)) {
1488 		seq = ntohs(*(u_int16_t *)ni->icmp6_ni_nonce);
1489 		++nreceived;
1490 		if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1491 			++nrepeats;
1492 			--nreceived;
1493 			dupflag = 1;
1494 		} else {
1495 			SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1496 			dupflag = 0;
1497 		}
1498 
1499 		if (options & F_QUIET)
1500 			return;
1501 
1502 		printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, pr_addr(from, fromlen));
1503 
1504 		switch (ntohs(ni->ni_code)) {
1505 		case ICMP6_NI_SUCCESS:
1506 			break;
1507 		case ICMP6_NI_REFUSED:
1508 			printf("refused, type 0x%x", ntohs(ni->ni_type));
1509 			goto fqdnend;
1510 		case ICMP6_NI_UNKNOWN:
1511 			printf("unknown, type 0x%x", ntohs(ni->ni_type));
1512 			goto fqdnend;
1513 		default:
1514 			printf("unknown code 0x%x, type 0x%x",
1515 			    ntohs(ni->ni_code), ntohs(ni->ni_type));
1516 			goto fqdnend;
1517 		}
1518 
1519 		switch (ntohs(ni->ni_qtype)) {
1520 		case NI_QTYPE_NOOP:
1521 			printf("NodeInfo NOOP");
1522 			break;
1523 		case NI_QTYPE_SUPTYPES:
1524 			pr_suptypes(ni, end - (u_char *)ni);
1525 			break;
1526 		case NI_QTYPE_NODEADDR:
1527 			pr_nodeaddr(ni, end - (u_char *)ni);
1528 			break;
1529 		case NI_QTYPE_FQDN:
1530 		default:	/* XXX: for backward compatibility */
1531 			cp = (u_char *)ni + ICMP6_NIRLEN;
1532 			if (buf[off + ICMP6_NIRLEN] ==
1533 			    cc - off - ICMP6_NIRLEN - 1)
1534 				oldfqdn = 1;
1535 			else
1536 				oldfqdn = 0;
1537 			if (oldfqdn) {
1538 				cp++;	/* skip length */
1539 				while (cp < end) {
1540 					safeputc(*cp & 0xff);
1541 					cp++;
1542 				}
1543 			} else {
1544 				i = 0;
1545 				while (cp < end) {
1546 					if (dnsdecode((const u_char **)&cp, end,
1547 					    (const u_char *)(ni + 1), dnsname,
1548 					    sizeof(dnsname)) == NULL) {
1549 						printf("???");
1550 						break;
1551 					}
1552 					/*
1553 					 * name-lookup special handling for
1554 					 * truncated name
1555 					 */
1556 					if (cp + 1 <= end && !*cp &&
1557 					    strlen(dnsname) > 0) {
1558 						dnsname[strlen(dnsname) - 1] = '\0';
1559 						cp++;
1560 					}
1561 					printf("%s%s", i > 0 ? "," : "",
1562 					    dnsname);
1563 				}
1564 			}
1565 			if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
1566 				int32_t ttl;
1567 				int comma = 0;
1568 
1569 				printf(" (");	/*)*/
1570 
1571 				switch (ni->ni_code) {
1572 				case ICMP6_NI_REFUSED:
1573 					printf("refused");
1574 					comma++;
1575 					break;
1576 				case ICMP6_NI_UNKNOWN:
1577 					printf("unknown qtype");
1578 					comma++;
1579 					break;
1580 				}
1581 
1582 				if ((end - (u_char *)ni) < ICMP6_NIRLEN) {
1583 					/* case of refusion, unknown */
1584 					/*(*/
1585 					putchar(')');
1586 					goto fqdnend;
1587 				}
1588 				ttl = (int32_t)ntohl(*(u_long *)&buf[off+ICMP6ECHOLEN+8]);
1589 				if (comma)
1590 					printf(",");
1591 				if (!(ni->ni_flags & NI_FQDN_FLAG_VALIDTTL)) {
1592 					printf("TTL=%d:meaningless",
1593 					    (int)ttl);
1594 				} else {
1595 					if (ttl < 0) {
1596 						printf("TTL=%d:invalid", ttl);
1597 					} else
1598 						printf("TTL=%d", ttl);
1599 				}
1600 				comma++;
1601 
1602 				if (oldfqdn) {
1603 					if (comma)
1604 						printf(",");
1605 					printf("03 draft");
1606 					comma++;
1607 				} else {
1608 					cp = (u_char *)ni + ICMP6_NIRLEN;
1609 					if (cp == end) {
1610 						if (comma)
1611 							printf(",");
1612 						printf("no name");
1613 						comma++;
1614 					}
1615 				}
1616 
1617 				if (buf[off + ICMP6_NIRLEN] !=
1618 				    cc - off - ICMP6_NIRLEN - 1 && oldfqdn) {
1619 					if (comma)
1620 						printf(",");
1621 					printf("invalid namelen:%d/%lu",
1622 					    buf[off + ICMP6_NIRLEN],
1623 					    (u_long)cc - off - ICMP6_NIRLEN - 1);
1624 					comma++;
1625 				}
1626 				/*(*/
1627 				putchar(')');
1628 			}
1629 		fqdnend:
1630 			;
1631 		}
1632 	} else {
1633 		/* We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY */
1634 		if (!(options & F_VERBOSE))
1635 			return;
1636 		printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, pr_addr(from, fromlen));
1637 		pr_icmph(icp, end);
1638 	}
1639 
1640 	if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1641 		putchar('\n');
1642 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1643 			pr_exthdrs(mhdr);
1644 		fflush(stdout);
1645 	}
1646 #undef safeputc
1647 }
1648 
1649 void
1650 pr_exthdrs(struct msghdr *mhdr)
1651 {
1652 	ssize_t bufsize;
1653 	void    *bufp;
1654 	struct cmsghdr *cm;
1655 
1656 	bufsize = 0;
1657 	bufp = mhdr->msg_control;
1658 	for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
1659 	     cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
1660 		if (cm->cmsg_level != IPPROTO_IPV6)
1661 			continue;
1662 
1663 		bufsize = CONTROLLEN - ((caddr_t)CMSG_DATA(cm) - (caddr_t)bufp);
1664 		if (bufsize <= 0)
1665 			continue;
1666 		switch (cm->cmsg_type) {
1667 		case IPV6_HOPOPTS:
1668 			printf("  HbH Options: ");
1669 			pr_ip6opt(CMSG_DATA(cm), (size_t)bufsize);
1670 			break;
1671 		case IPV6_DSTOPTS:
1672 #ifdef IPV6_RTHDRDSTOPTS
1673 		case IPV6_RTHDRDSTOPTS:
1674 #endif
1675 			printf("  Dst Options: ");
1676 			pr_ip6opt(CMSG_DATA(cm), (size_t)bufsize);
1677 			break;
1678 		case IPV6_RTHDR:
1679 			printf("  Routing: ");
1680 			pr_rthdr(CMSG_DATA(cm), (size_t)bufsize);
1681 			break;
1682 		}
1683 	}
1684 }
1685 
1686 #ifdef USE_RFC3542
1687 void
1688 pr_ip6opt(void *extbuf, size_t bufsize)
1689 {
1690 	struct ip6_hbh *ext;
1691 	int currentlen;
1692 	u_int8_t type;
1693 	socklen_t extlen, len;
1694 	void *databuf;
1695 	size_t offset;
1696 	u_int16_t value2;
1697 	u_int32_t value4;
1698 
1699 	ext = (struct ip6_hbh *)extbuf;
1700 	extlen = (ext->ip6h_len + 1) * 8;
1701 	printf("nxt %u, len %u (%lu bytes)\n", ext->ip6h_nxt,
1702 	    (unsigned int)ext->ip6h_len, (unsigned long)extlen);
1703 
1704 	/*
1705 	 * Bounds checking on the ancillary data buffer:
1706 	 *     subtract the size of a cmsg structure from the buffer size.
1707 	 */
1708 	if (bufsize < (extlen  + CMSG_SPACE(0))) {
1709 		extlen = bufsize - CMSG_SPACE(0);
1710 		warnx("options truncated, showing only %u (total=%u)",
1711 		    (unsigned int)(extlen / 8 - 1),
1712 		    (unsigned int)(ext->ip6h_len));
1713 	}
1714 
1715 	currentlen = 0;
1716 	while (1) {
1717 		currentlen = inet6_opt_next(extbuf, extlen, currentlen,
1718 		    &type, &len, &databuf);
1719 		if (currentlen == -1)
1720 			break;
1721 		switch (type) {
1722 		/*
1723 		 * Note that inet6_opt_next automatically skips any padding
1724 		 * optins.
1725 		 */
1726 		case IP6OPT_JUMBO:
1727 			offset = 0;
1728 			offset = inet6_opt_get_val(databuf, offset,
1729 			    &value4, sizeof(value4));
1730 			printf("    Jumbo Payload Opt: Length %u\n",
1731 			    (u_int32_t)ntohl(value4));
1732 			break;
1733 		/* FIXME: RFC3542 option is IP6OPT_ROUTER_ALERT. */
1734 		case IP6OPT_RTALERT:
1735 			offset = 0;
1736 			offset = inet6_opt_get_val(databuf, offset,
1737 						   &value2, sizeof(value2));
1738 			printf("    Router Alert Opt: Type %u\n",
1739 			    ntohs(value2));
1740 			break;
1741 		default:
1742 			printf("    Received Opt %u len %lu\n",
1743 			    type, (unsigned long)len);
1744 			break;
1745 		}
1746 	}
1747 	return;
1748 }
1749 #else  /* !USE_RFC3542 */
1750 /* ARGSUSED */
1751 void
1752 pr_ip6opt(void *extbuf __unused, size_t bufsize __unused)
1753 {
1754 	putchar('\n');
1755 	return;
1756 }
1757 #endif /* USE_RFC3542 */
1758 
1759 #ifdef USE_RFC3542
1760 void
1761 pr_rthdr(void *extbuf, size_t bufsize __unused)
1762 {
1763 	struct ip6_rthdr *rh = (struct ip6_rthdr *)extbuf;
1764 
1765 	/* print fixed part of the header */
1766 	printf("nxt %u, len %u (%d bytes), type %u, ", rh->ip6r_nxt,
1767 	    rh->ip6r_len, (rh->ip6r_len + 1) << 3, rh->ip6r_type);
1768 	printf("segments unknown, ");
1769 	printf("%d left\n", rh->ip6r_segleft);
1770 	return;
1771 
1772 }
1773 
1774 #else  /* !USE_RFC3542 */
1775 /* ARGSUSED */
1776 void
1777 pr_rthdr(void *extbuf __unused)
1778 {
1779 	putchar('\n');
1780 	return;
1781 }
1782 #endif /* USE_RFC3542 */
1783 
1784 int
1785 pr_bitrange(u_int32_t v, int soff, int ii)
1786 {
1787 	int off;
1788 	int i;
1789 
1790 	off = 0;
1791 	while (off < 32) {
1792 		/* shift till we have 0x01 */
1793 		if ((v & 0x01) == 0) {
1794 			if (ii > 1)
1795 				printf("-%u", soff + off - 1);
1796 			ii = 0;
1797 			switch (v & 0x0f) {
1798 			case 0x00:
1799 				v >>= 4;
1800 				off += 4;
1801 				continue;
1802 			case 0x08:
1803 				v >>= 3;
1804 				off += 3;
1805 				continue;
1806 			case 0x04: case 0x0c:
1807 				v >>= 2;
1808 				off += 2;
1809 				continue;
1810 			default:
1811 				v >>= 1;
1812 				off += 1;
1813 				continue;
1814 			}
1815 		}
1816 
1817 		/* we have 0x01 with us */
1818 		for (i = 0; i < 32 - off; i++) {
1819 			if ((v & (0x01 << i)) == 0)
1820 				break;
1821 		}
1822 		if (!ii)
1823 			printf(" %u", soff + off);
1824 		ii += i;
1825 		v >>= i; off += i;
1826 	}
1827 	return ii;
1828 }
1829 
1830 /* struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni:	ni->qtype must be SUPTYPES */
1831 void
1832 pr_suptypes(struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni, size_t nilen)
1833 {
1834 	size_t clen;
1835 	u_int32_t v;
1836 	const u_char *cp, *end;
1837 	u_int16_t cur;
1838 	struct cbit {
1839 		u_int16_t words;	/*32bit count*/
1840 		u_int16_t skip;
1841 	} cbit;
1842 #define MAXQTYPES	(1 << 16)
1843 	size_t off;
1844 	int b;
1845 
1846 	cp = (u_char *)(ni + 1);
1847 	end = ((u_char *)ni) + nilen;
1848 	cur = 0;
1849 	b = 0;
1850 
1851 	printf("NodeInfo Supported Qtypes");
1852 	if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
1853 		if (ni->ni_flags & NI_SUPTYPE_FLAG_COMPRESS)
1854 			printf(", compressed bitmap");
1855 		else
1856 			printf(", raw bitmap");
1857 	}
1858 
1859 	while (cp < end) {
1860 		clen = (size_t)(end - cp);
1861 		if ((ni->ni_flags & NI_SUPTYPE_FLAG_COMPRESS) == 0) {
1862 			if (clen == 0 || clen > MAXQTYPES / 8 ||
1863 			    clen % sizeof(v)) {
1864 				printf("???");
1865 				return;
1866 			}
1867 		} else {
1868 			if (clen < sizeof(cbit) || clen % sizeof(v))
1869 				return;
1870 			memcpy(&cbit, cp, sizeof(cbit));
1871 			if (sizeof(cbit) + ntohs(cbit.words) * sizeof(v) >
1872 			    clen)
1873 				return;
1874 			cp += sizeof(cbit);
1875 			clen = ntohs(cbit.words) * sizeof(v);
1876 			if (cur + clen * 8 + (u_long)ntohs(cbit.skip) * 32 >
1877 			    MAXQTYPES)
1878 				return;
1879 		}
1880 
1881 		for (off = 0; off < clen; off += sizeof(v)) {
1882 			memcpy(&v, cp + off, sizeof(v));
1883 			v = (u_int32_t)ntohl(v);
1884 			b = pr_bitrange(v, (int)(cur + off * 8), b);
1885 		}
1886 		/* flush the remaining bits */
1887 		b = pr_bitrange(0, (int)(cur + off * 8), b);
1888 
1889 		cp += clen;
1890 		cur += clen * 8;
1891 		if ((ni->ni_flags & NI_SUPTYPE_FLAG_COMPRESS) != 0)
1892 			cur += ntohs(cbit.skip) * 32;
1893 	}
1894 }
1895 
1896 /* struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni:	ni->qtype must be NODEADDR */
1897 void
1898 pr_nodeaddr(struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni, int nilen)
1899 {
1900 	u_char *cp = (u_char *)(ni + 1);
1901 	char ntop_buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
1902 	int withttl = 0;
1903 
1904 	nilen -= sizeof(struct icmp6_nodeinfo);
1905 
1906 	if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
1907 		switch (ni->ni_code) {
1908 		case ICMP6_NI_REFUSED:
1909 			printf("refused");
1910 			break;
1911 		case ICMP6_NI_UNKNOWN:
1912 			printf("unknown qtype");
1913 			break;
1914 		}
1915 		if (ni->ni_flags & NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_TRUNCATE)
1916 			printf(" truncated");
1917 	}
1918 	putchar('\n');
1919 	if (nilen <= 0)
1920 		printf("  no address\n");
1921 
1922 	/*
1923 	 * In icmp-name-lookups 05 and later, TTL of each returned address
1924 	 * is contained in the resposne. We try to detect the version
1925 	 * by the length of the data, but note that the detection algorithm
1926 	 * is incomplete. We assume the latest draft by default.
1927 	 */
1928 	if (nilen % (sizeof(u_int32_t) + sizeof(struct in6_addr)) == 0)
1929 		withttl = 1;
1930 	while (nilen > 0) {
1931 		u_int32_t ttl = 0;
1932 
1933 		if (withttl) {
1934 			/* XXX: alignment? */
1935 			ttl = (u_int32_t)ntohl(*(u_int32_t *)cp);
1936 			cp += sizeof(u_int32_t);
1937 			nilen -= sizeof(u_int32_t);
1938 		}
1939 
1940 		if (inet_ntop(AF_INET6, cp, ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf)) ==
1941 		    NULL)
1942 			strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
1943 		printf("  %s", ntop_buf);
1944 		if (withttl) {
1945 			if (ttl == 0xffffffff) {
1946 				/*
1947 				 * XXX: can this convention be applied to all
1948 				 * type of TTL (i.e. non-ND TTL)?
1949 				 */
1950 				printf("(TTL=infty)");
1951 			}
1952 			else
1953 				printf("(TTL=%u)", ttl);
1954 		}
1955 		putchar('\n');
1956 
1957 		nilen -= sizeof(struct in6_addr);
1958 		cp += sizeof(struct in6_addr);
1959 	}
1960 }
1961 
1962 int
1963 get_hoplim(struct msghdr *mhdr)
1964 {
1965 	struct cmsghdr *cm;
1966 
1967 	for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
1968 	     cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
1969 		if (cm->cmsg_len == 0)
1970 			return(-1);
1971 
1972 		if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
1973 		    cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_HOPLIMIT &&
1974 		    cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int)))
1975 			return(*(int *)CMSG_DATA(cm));
1976 	}
1977 
1978 	return(-1);
1979 }
1980 
1981 struct in6_pktinfo *
1982 get_rcvpktinfo(struct msghdr *mhdr)
1983 {
1984 	struct cmsghdr *cm;
1985 
1986 	for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
1987 	     cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
1988 		if (cm->cmsg_len == 0)
1989 			return(NULL);
1990 
1991 		if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
1992 		    cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_PKTINFO &&
1993 		    cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo)))
1994 			return((struct in6_pktinfo *)CMSG_DATA(cm));
1995 	}
1996 
1997 	return(NULL);
1998 }
1999 
2000 #ifdef IPV6_RECVPATHMTU
2001 int
2002 get_pathmtu(struct msghdr *mhdr)
2003 {
2004 	struct cmsghdr *cm;
2005 	struct ip6_mtuinfo *mtuctl = NULL;
2006 
2007 	for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
2008 	     cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
2009 		if (cm->cmsg_len == 0)
2010 			return(0);
2011 
2012 		if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
2013 		    cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_PATHMTU &&
2014 		    cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct ip6_mtuinfo))) {
2015 			mtuctl = (struct ip6_mtuinfo *)CMSG_DATA(cm);
2016 
2017 			/*
2018 			 * If the notified destination is different from
2019 			 * the one we are pinging, just ignore the info.
2020 			 * We check the scope ID only when both notified value
2021 			 * and our own value have non-0 values, because we may
2022 			 * have used the default scope zone ID for sending,
2023 			 * in which case the scope ID value is 0.
2024 			 */
2025 			if (!IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&mtuctl->ip6m_addr.sin6_addr,
2026 						&dst.sin6_addr) ||
2027 			    (mtuctl->ip6m_addr.sin6_scope_id &&
2028 			     dst.sin6_scope_id &&
2029 			     mtuctl->ip6m_addr.sin6_scope_id !=
2030 			     dst.sin6_scope_id)) {
2031 				if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
2032 					printf("path MTU for %s is notified. "
2033 					       "(ignored)\n",
2034 					   pr_addr((struct sockaddr *)&mtuctl->ip6m_addr,
2035 					   sizeof(mtuctl->ip6m_addr)));
2036 				}
2037 				return(0);
2038 			}
2039 
2040 			/*
2041 			 * Ignore an invalid MTU. XXX: can we just believe
2042 			 * the kernel check?
2043 			 */
2044 			if (mtuctl->ip6m_mtu < IPV6_MMTU)
2045 				return(0);
2046 
2047 			/* notification for our destination. return the MTU. */
2048 			return((int)mtuctl->ip6m_mtu);
2049 		}
2050 	}
2051 	return(0);
2052 }
2053 #endif
2054 
2055 /*
2056  * tvsub --
2057  *	Subtract 2 timeval structs:  out = out - in.  Out is assumed to
2058  * be >= in.
2059  */
2060 void
2061 tvsub(struct timeval *out, struct timeval *in)
2062 {
2063 	if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
2064 		--out->tv_sec;
2065 		out->tv_usec += 1000000;
2066 	}
2067 	out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
2068 }
2069 
2070 /*
2071  * onint --
2072  *	SIGINT handler.
2073  */
2074 /* ARGSUSED */
2075 void
2076 onint(int sig __unused)
2077 {
2078 	summary();
2079 
2080 	signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
2081 	kill(getpid(), SIGINT);
2082 
2083 	/* NOTREACHED */
2084 	exit(1);
2085 }
2086 
2087 /*
2088  * summary --
2089  *	Print out statistics.
2090  */
2091 void
2092 summary(void)
2093 {
2094 
2095 	printf("\n--- %s ping6 statistics ---\n", hostname);
2096 	printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
2097 	printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
2098 	if (nrepeats)
2099 		printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
2100 	if (ntransmitted) {
2101 		if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
2102 			printf("-- somebody's duplicating packets!");
2103 		else
2104 			printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
2105 			    ((((double)ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
2106 			    ntransmitted));
2107 	}
2108 	putchar('\n');
2109 	if (nreceived && timing) {
2110 		/* Only display average to microseconds */
2111 		double num = nreceived + nrepeats;
2112 		double avg = tsum / num;
2113 		double dev = sqrt(tsumsq / num - avg * avg);
2114 		printf(
2115 		    "round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
2116 		    tmin, avg, tmax, dev);
2117 		fflush(stdout);
2118 	}
2119 	fflush(stdout);
2120 }
2121 
2122 /*subject type*/
2123 static const char *niqcode[] = {
2124 	"IPv6 address",
2125 	"DNS label",	/*or empty*/
2126 	"IPv4 address",
2127 };
2128 
2129 /*result code*/
2130 static const char *nircode[] = {
2131 	"Success", "Refused", "Unknown",
2132 };
2133 
2134 
2135 /*
2136  * pr_icmph --
2137  *	Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
2138  */
2139 void
2140 pr_icmph(struct icmp6_hdr *icp, u_char *end)
2141 {
2142 	char ntop_buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
2143 	struct nd_redirect *red;
2144 	struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni;
2145 	char dnsname[MAXDNAME + 1];
2146 	const u_char *cp;
2147 	size_t l;
2148 
2149 	switch (icp->icmp6_type) {
2150 	case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH:
2151 		switch (icp->icmp6_code) {
2152 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOROUTE:
2153 			printf("No Route to Destination\n");
2154 			break;
2155 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADMIN:
2156 			printf("Destination Administratively "
2157 			    "Unreachable\n");
2158 			break;
2159 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_BEYONDSCOPE:
2160 			printf("Destination Unreachable Beyond Scope\n");
2161 			break;
2162 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADDR:
2163 			printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
2164 			break;
2165 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOPORT:
2166 			printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
2167 			break;
2168 		default:
2169 			printf("Destination Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
2170 			    icp->icmp6_code);
2171 			break;
2172 		}
2173 		/* Print returned IP header information */
2174 		pr_retip((struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1), end);
2175 		break;
2176 	case ICMP6_PACKET_TOO_BIG:
2177 		printf("Packet too big mtu = %d\n",
2178 		    (int)ntohl(icp->icmp6_mtu));
2179 		pr_retip((struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1), end);
2180 		break;
2181 	case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED:
2182 		switch (icp->icmp6_code) {
2183 		case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEED_TRANSIT:
2184 			printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
2185 			break;
2186 		case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEED_REASSEMBLY:
2187 			printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
2188 			break;
2189 		default:
2190 			printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
2191 			    icp->icmp6_code);
2192 			break;
2193 		}
2194 		pr_retip((struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1), end);
2195 		break;
2196 	case ICMP6_PARAM_PROB:
2197 		printf("Parameter problem: ");
2198 		switch (icp->icmp6_code) {
2199 		case ICMP6_PARAMPROB_HEADER:
2200 			printf("Erroneous Header ");
2201 			break;
2202 		case ICMP6_PARAMPROB_NEXTHEADER:
2203 			printf("Unknown Nextheader ");
2204 			break;
2205 		case ICMP6_PARAMPROB_OPTION:
2206 			printf("Unrecognized Option ");
2207 			break;
2208 		default:
2209 			printf("Bad code(%d) ", icp->icmp6_code);
2210 			break;
2211 		}
2212 		printf("pointer = 0x%02x\n", (u_int32_t)ntohl(icp->icmp6_pptr));
2213 		pr_retip((struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1), end);
2214 		break;
2215 	case ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST:
2216 		printf("Echo Request");
2217 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
2218 		break;
2219 	case ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY:
2220 		printf("Echo Reply");
2221 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
2222 		break;
2223 	case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_QUERY:
2224 		printf("Listener Query");
2225 		break;
2226 	case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REPORT:
2227 		printf("Listener Report");
2228 		break;
2229 	case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REDUCTION:
2230 		printf("Listener Done");
2231 		break;
2232 	case ND_ROUTER_SOLICIT:
2233 		printf("Router Solicitation");
2234 		break;
2235 	case ND_ROUTER_ADVERT:
2236 		printf("Router Advertisement");
2237 		break;
2238 	case ND_NEIGHBOR_SOLICIT:
2239 		printf("Neighbor Solicitation");
2240 		break;
2241 	case ND_NEIGHBOR_ADVERT:
2242 		printf("Neighbor Advertisement");
2243 		break;
2244 	case ND_REDIRECT:
2245 		red = (struct nd_redirect *)icp;
2246 		printf("Redirect\n");
2247 		if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &red->nd_rd_dst, ntop_buf,
2248 		    sizeof(ntop_buf)))
2249 			strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
2250 		printf("Destination: %s", ntop_buf);
2251 		if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &red->nd_rd_target, ntop_buf,
2252 		    sizeof(ntop_buf)))
2253 			strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
2254 		printf(" New Target: %s", ntop_buf);
2255 		break;
2256 	case ICMP6_NI_QUERY:
2257 		printf("Node Information Query");
2258 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
2259 		ni = (struct icmp6_nodeinfo *)icp;
2260 		l = end - (u_char *)(ni + 1);
2261 		printf(", ");
2262 		switch (ntohs(ni->ni_qtype)) {
2263 		case NI_QTYPE_NOOP:
2264 			printf("NOOP");
2265 			break;
2266 		case NI_QTYPE_SUPTYPES:
2267 			printf("Supported qtypes");
2268 			break;
2269 		case NI_QTYPE_FQDN:
2270 			printf("DNS name");
2271 			break;
2272 		case NI_QTYPE_NODEADDR:
2273 			printf("nodeaddr");
2274 			break;
2275 		case NI_QTYPE_IPV4ADDR:
2276 			printf("IPv4 nodeaddr");
2277 			break;
2278 		default:
2279 			printf("unknown qtype");
2280 			break;
2281 		}
2282 		if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
2283 			switch (ni->ni_code) {
2284 			case ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_IPV6:
2285 				if (l == sizeof(struct in6_addr) &&
2286 				    inet_ntop(AF_INET6, ni + 1, ntop_buf,
2287 				    sizeof(ntop_buf)) != NULL) {
2288 					printf(", subject=%s(%s)",
2289 					    niqcode[ni->ni_code], ntop_buf);
2290 				} else {
2291 #if 1
2292 					/* backward compat to -W */
2293 					printf(", oldfqdn");
2294 #else
2295 					printf(", invalid");
2296 #endif
2297 				}
2298 				break;
2299 			case ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_FQDN:
2300 				if (end == (u_char *)(ni + 1)) {
2301 					printf(", no subject");
2302 					break;
2303 				}
2304 				printf(", subject=%s", niqcode[ni->ni_code]);
2305 				cp = (const u_char *)(ni + 1);
2306 				if (dnsdecode(&cp, end, NULL, dnsname,
2307 				    sizeof(dnsname)) != NULL)
2308 					printf("(%s)", dnsname);
2309 				else
2310 					printf("(invalid)");
2311 				break;
2312 			case ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_IPV4:
2313 				if (l == sizeof(struct in_addr) &&
2314 				    inet_ntop(AF_INET, ni + 1, ntop_buf,
2315 				    sizeof(ntop_buf)) != NULL) {
2316 					printf(", subject=%s(%s)",
2317 					    niqcode[ni->ni_code], ntop_buf);
2318 				} else
2319 					printf(", invalid");
2320 				break;
2321 			default:
2322 				printf(", invalid");
2323 				break;
2324 			}
2325 		}
2326 		break;
2327 	case ICMP6_NI_REPLY:
2328 		printf("Node Information Reply");
2329 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
2330 		ni = (struct icmp6_nodeinfo *)icp;
2331 		printf(", ");
2332 		switch (ntohs(ni->ni_qtype)) {
2333 		case NI_QTYPE_NOOP:
2334 			printf("NOOP");
2335 			break;
2336 		case NI_QTYPE_SUPTYPES:
2337 			printf("Supported qtypes");
2338 			break;
2339 		case NI_QTYPE_FQDN:
2340 			printf("DNS name");
2341 			break;
2342 		case NI_QTYPE_NODEADDR:
2343 			printf("nodeaddr");
2344 			break;
2345 		case NI_QTYPE_IPV4ADDR:
2346 			printf("IPv4 nodeaddr");
2347 			break;
2348 		default:
2349 			printf("unknown qtype");
2350 			break;
2351 		}
2352 		if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
2353 			if (ni->ni_code > sizeof(nircode) / sizeof(nircode[0]))
2354 				printf(", invalid");
2355 			else
2356 				printf(", %s", nircode[ni->ni_code]);
2357 		}
2358 		break;
2359 	default:
2360 		printf("Bad ICMP type: %d", icp->icmp6_type);
2361 	}
2362 }
2363 
2364 /*
2365  * pr_iph --
2366  *	Print an IP6 header.
2367  */
2368 void
2369 pr_iph(struct ip6_hdr *ip6)
2370 {
2371 	u_int32_t flow = ip6->ip6_flow & IPV6_FLOWLABEL_MASK;
2372 	u_int8_t tc;
2373 	char ntop_buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
2374 
2375 	tc = *(&ip6->ip6_vfc + 1); /* XXX */
2376 	tc = (tc >> 4) & 0x0f;
2377 	tc |= (ip6->ip6_vfc << 4);
2378 
2379 	printf("Vr TC  Flow Plen Nxt Hlim\n");
2380 	printf(" %1x %02x %05x %04x  %02x   %02x\n",
2381 	    (ip6->ip6_vfc & IPV6_VERSION_MASK) >> 4, tc, (u_int32_t)ntohl(flow),
2382 	    ntohs(ip6->ip6_plen), ip6->ip6_nxt, ip6->ip6_hlim);
2383 	if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &ip6->ip6_src, ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf)))
2384 		strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
2385 	printf("%s->", ntop_buf);
2386 	if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &ip6->ip6_dst, ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf)))
2387 		strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
2388 	printf("%s\n", ntop_buf);
2389 }
2390 
2391 /*
2392  * pr_addr --
2393  *	Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
2394  * a hostname.
2395  */
2396 const char *
2397 pr_addr(struct sockaddr *addr, int addrlen)
2398 {
2399 	static char buf[NI_MAXHOST];
2400 	int flag = 0;
2401 
2402 	if ((options & F_HOSTNAME) == 0)
2403 		flag |= NI_NUMERICHOST;
2404 
2405 	if (getnameinfo(addr, addrlen, buf, sizeof(buf), NULL, 0, flag) == 0)
2406 		return (buf);
2407 	else
2408 		return "?";
2409 }
2410 
2411 /*
2412  * pr_retip --
2413  *	Dump some info on a returned (via ICMPv6) IPv6 packet.
2414  */
2415 void
2416 pr_retip(struct ip6_hdr *ip6, u_char *end)
2417 {
2418 	u_char *cp = (u_char *)ip6, nh;
2419 	int hlen;
2420 
2421 	if (end - (u_char *)ip6 < (int)sizeof(*ip6)) {
2422 		printf("IP6");
2423 		goto trunc;
2424 	}
2425 	pr_iph(ip6);
2426 	hlen = sizeof(*ip6);
2427 
2428 	nh = ip6->ip6_nxt;
2429 	cp += hlen;
2430 	while (end - cp >= 8) {
2431 		switch (nh) {
2432 		case IPPROTO_HOPOPTS:
2433 			printf("HBH ");
2434 			hlen = (((struct ip6_hbh *)cp)->ip6h_len+1) << 3;
2435 			nh = ((struct ip6_hbh *)cp)->ip6h_nxt;
2436 			break;
2437 		case IPPROTO_DSTOPTS:
2438 			printf("DSTOPT ");
2439 			hlen = (((struct ip6_dest *)cp)->ip6d_len+1) << 3;
2440 			nh = ((struct ip6_dest *)cp)->ip6d_nxt;
2441 			break;
2442 		case IPPROTO_FRAGMENT:
2443 			printf("FRAG ");
2444 			hlen = sizeof(struct ip6_frag);
2445 			nh = ((struct ip6_frag *)cp)->ip6f_nxt;
2446 			break;
2447 		case IPPROTO_ROUTING:
2448 			printf("RTHDR ");
2449 			hlen = (((struct ip6_rthdr *)cp)->ip6r_len+1) << 3;
2450 			nh = ((struct ip6_rthdr *)cp)->ip6r_nxt;
2451 			break;
2452 #ifdef IPSEC
2453 		case IPPROTO_AH:
2454 			printf("AH ");
2455 			hlen = (((struct ah *)cp)->ah_len+2) << 2;
2456 			nh = ((struct ah *)cp)->ah_nxt;
2457 			break;
2458 #endif
2459 		case IPPROTO_ICMPV6:
2460 			printf("ICMP6: type = %d, code = %d\n",
2461 			    *cp, *(cp + 1));
2462 			return;
2463 		case IPPROTO_ESP:
2464 			printf("ESP\n");
2465 			return;
2466 		case IPPROTO_TCP:
2467 			printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
2468 			    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)),
2469 			    (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
2470 			return;
2471 		case IPPROTO_UDP:
2472 			printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
2473 			    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)),
2474 			    (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
2475 			return;
2476 		default:
2477 			printf("Unknown Header(%d)\n", nh);
2478 			return;
2479 		}
2480 
2481 		if ((cp += hlen) >= end)
2482 			goto trunc;
2483 	}
2484 	if (end - cp < 8)
2485 		goto trunc;
2486 
2487 	putchar('\n');
2488 	return;
2489 
2490   trunc:
2491 	printf("...\n");
2492 	return;
2493 }
2494 
2495 void
2496 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
2497 {
2498 	int ii, jj, kk;
2499 	int pat[16];
2500 	char *cp;
2501 
2502 	for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++)
2503 		if (!isxdigit(*cp))
2504 			errx(1, "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
2505 	ii = sscanf(patp,
2506 	    "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
2507 	    &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
2508 	    &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
2509 	    &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
2510 
2511 /* xxx */
2512 	if (ii > 0)
2513 		for (kk = 0;
2514 		    kk <= MAXDATALEN - (8 + (int)sizeof(struct tv32) + ii);
2515 		    kk += ii)
2516 			for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
2517 				bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
2518 	if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
2519 		printf("PATTERN: 0x");
2520 		for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
2521 			printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
2522 		printf("\n");
2523 	}
2524 }
2525 
2526 #ifdef IPSEC
2527 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
2528 int
2529 setpolicy(int so __unused, char *policy)
2530 {
2531 	char *buf;
2532 
2533 	if (policy == NULL)
2534 		return 0;	/* ignore */
2535 
2536 	buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy, strlen(policy));
2537 	if (buf == NULL)
2538 		errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
2539 	if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_IPSEC_POLICY, buf,
2540 	    ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
2541 		warnx("Unable to set IPsec policy");
2542 	free(buf);
2543 
2544 	return 0;
2545 }
2546 #endif
2547 #endif
2548 
2549 char *
2550 nigroup(char *name)
2551 {
2552 	char *p;
2553 	char *q;
2554 	MD5_CTX ctxt;
2555 	u_int8_t digest[16];
2556 	u_int8_t c;
2557 	size_t l;
2558 	char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST];
2559 	struct in6_addr in6;
2560 
2561 	p = strchr(name, '.');
2562 	if (!p)
2563 		p = name + strlen(name);
2564 	l = p - name;
2565 	if (l > 63 || l > sizeof(hbuf) - 1)
2566 		return NULL;	/*label too long*/
2567 	strncpy(hbuf, name, l);
2568 	hbuf[(int)l] = '\0';
2569 
2570 	for (q = name; *q; q++) {
2571 		if (isupper(*(unsigned char *)q))
2572 			*q = tolower(*(unsigned char *)q);
2573 	}
2574 
2575 	/* generate 8 bytes of pseudo-random value. */
2576 	memset(&ctxt, 0, sizeof(ctxt));
2577 	MD5Init(&ctxt);
2578 	c = l & 0xff;
2579 	MD5Update(&ctxt, &c, sizeof(c));
2580 	MD5Update(&ctxt, (unsigned char *)name, l);
2581 	MD5Final(digest, &ctxt);
2582 
2583 	if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, "ff02::2:0000:0000", &in6) != 1)
2584 		return NULL;	/*XXX*/
2585 	bcopy(digest, &in6.s6_addr[12], 4);
2586 
2587 	if (inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &in6, hbuf, sizeof(hbuf)) == NULL)
2588 		return NULL;
2589 
2590 	return strdup(hbuf);
2591 }
2592 
2593 void
2594 usage(void)
2595 {
2596 	fprintf(stderr,
2597 #if defined(IPSEC) && !defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
2598 	    "A"
2599 #endif
2600 	    "usage: ping6 [-"
2601 	    "d"
2602 #if defined(IPSEC) && !defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
2603 	    "E"
2604 #endif
2605 	    "fH"
2606 #ifdef IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU
2607 	    "m"
2608 #endif
2609 	    "nNqtvwW] "
2610 	    "[-a addrtype] [-b bufsiz] [-c count] [-g gateway]\n"
2611 	    "             [-h hoplimit] [-I interface] [-i wait] [-l preload]"
2612 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
2613 	    " [-P policy]"
2614 #endif
2615 	    "\n"
2616 	    "             [-p pattern] [-S sourceaddr] [-s packetsize] "
2617 	    "[hops ...] host\n");
2618 	exit(1);
2619 }
2620