xref: /dragonfly/sbin/ping6/ping6.c (revision e7d467f4)
1 /*	$KAME: ping6.c,v 1.169 2003/07/25 06:01:47 itojun Exp $	*/
2 
3 /*
4  * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.
5  * All rights reserved.
6  *
7  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9  * are met:
10  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15  * 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
16  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
17  *    without specific prior written permission.
18  *
19  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
20  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
21  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
22  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
23  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
24  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
25  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
26  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
27  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
28  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
29  * SUCH DAMAGE.
30  *
31  * @(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
32  * @(#)ping.c	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
33  * $FreeBSD: src/sbin/ping6/ping6.c,v 1.30 2007/04/19 15:41:00 mtm Exp $
34  */
35 
36 /*	BSDI	ping.c,v 2.3 1996/01/21 17:56:50 jch Exp	*/
37 
38 /*
39  * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993
40  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
41  *
42  * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
43  * Mike Muuss.
44  *
45  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
46  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
47  * are met:
48  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
49  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
50  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
51  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
52  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
53  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
54  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
55  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
56  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
57  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
58  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
59  *    without specific prior written permission.
60  *
61  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
62  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
63  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
64  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
65  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
66  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
67  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
68  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
69  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
70  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
71  * SUCH DAMAGE.
72  */
73 
74 /*
75  * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility,
76  * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths.
77  *
78  * Author -
79  *	Mike Muuss
80  *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
81  *	December, 1983
82  *
83  * Status -
84  *	Public Domain.  Distribution Unlimited.
85  * Bugs -
86  *	More statistics could always be gathered.
87  *	This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket.
88  */
89 /*
90  * NOTE:
91  * USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID assumes that sin6_scope_id has the same semantics
92  * as IPV6_PKTINFO.  Some people object it (sin6_scope_id specifies *link*
93  * while IPV6_PKTINFO specifies *interface*.  Link is defined as collection of
94  * network attached to 1 or more interfaces)
95  */
96 
97 #include <sys/param.h>
98 #include <sys/uio.h>
99 #include <sys/socket.h>
100 #include <sys/time.h>
101 
102 #include <net/if.h>
103 #include <net/route.h>
104 
105 #include <netinet/in.h>
106 #include <netinet/ip6.h>
107 #include <netinet/icmp6.h>
108 #include <arpa/inet.h>
109 #include <arpa/nameser.h>
110 #include <netdb.h>
111 
112 #include <ctype.h>
113 #include <err.h>
114 #include <errno.h>
115 #include <fcntl.h>
116 #include <math.h>
117 #include <signal.h>
118 #include <stdio.h>
119 #include <stdlib.h>
120 #include <string.h>
121 #include <unistd.h>
122 #ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
123 #include <poll.h>
124 #endif
125 
126 #ifdef IPSEC
127 #include <netinet6/ah.h>
128 #include <netinet6/ipsec.h>
129 #endif
130 
131 #include <md5.h>
132 
133 struct tv32 {
134 	u_int32_t tv32_sec;
135 	u_int32_t tv32_usec;
136 };
137 
138 #define MAXPACKETLEN	131072
139 #define	IP6LEN		40
140 #define ICMP6ECHOLEN	8	/* icmp echo header len excluding time */
141 #define ICMP6ECHOTMLEN sizeof(struct tv32)
142 #define ICMP6_NIQLEN	(ICMP6ECHOLEN + 8)
143 #define CONTROLLEN	10240	/* ancillary data buffer size RFC3542 20.1 */
144 /* FQDN case, 64 bits of nonce + 32 bits ttl */
145 #define ICMP6_NIRLEN	(ICMP6ECHOLEN + 12)
146 #define	EXTRA		256	/* for AH and various other headers. weird. */
147 #define	DEFDATALEN	ICMP6ECHOTMLEN
148 #define MAXDATALEN	MAXPACKETLEN - IP6LEN - ICMP6ECHOLEN
149 #define	NROUTES		9		/* number of record route slots */
150 
151 #define	A(bit)		rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3]	/* identify byte in array */
152 #define	B(bit)		(1 << ((bit) & 0x07))	/* identify bit in byte */
153 #define	SET(bit)	(A(bit) |= B(bit))
154 #define	CLR(bit)	(A(bit) &= (~B(bit)))
155 #define	TST(bit)	(A(bit) & B(bit))
156 
157 #define	F_FLOOD		0x0001
158 #define	F_INTERVAL	0x0002
159 #define	F_PINGFILLED	0x0008
160 #define	F_QUIET		0x0010
161 #define	F_RROUTE	0x0020
162 #define	F_SO_DEBUG	0x0040
163 #define	F_VERBOSE	0x0100
164 #ifdef IPSEC
165 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
166 #define	F_POLICY	0x0400
167 #else
168 #define F_AUTHHDR	0x0200
169 #define F_ENCRYPT	0x0400
170 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
171 #endif /*IPSEC*/
172 #define F_NODEADDR	0x0800
173 #define F_FQDN		0x1000
174 #define F_INTERFACE	0x2000
175 #define F_SRCADDR	0x4000
176 #define F_HOSTNAME	0x10000
177 #define F_FQDNOLD	0x20000
178 #define F_NIGROUP	0x40000
179 #define F_SUPTYPES	0x80000
180 #define F_NOMINMTU	0x100000
181 #define F_NOUSERDATA	(F_NODEADDR | F_FQDN | F_FQDNOLD | F_SUPTYPES)
182 u_int options;
183 
184 #define IN6LEN		sizeof(struct in6_addr)
185 #define SA6LEN		sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6)
186 #define DUMMY_PORT	10101
187 
188 #define SIN6(s)	((struct sockaddr_in6 *)(s))
189 
190 /*
191  * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum
192  * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of.  Change 128
193  * to 8192 for complete accuracy...
194  */
195 #define	MAX_DUP_CHK	(8 * 8192)
196 int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK;
197 char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8];
198 
199 struct addrinfo *res;
200 struct sockaddr_in6 dst;	/* who to ping6 */
201 struct sockaddr_in6 src;	/* src addr of this packet */
202 socklen_t srclen;
203 int datalen = DEFDATALEN;
204 int s;				/* socket file descriptor */
205 u_char outpack[MAXPACKETLEN];
206 char BSPACE = '\b';		/* characters written for flood */
207 char DOT = '.';
208 char *hostname;
209 int ident;			/* process id to identify our packets */
210 u_int8_t nonce[8];		/* nonce field for node information */
211 int hoplimit = -1;		/* hoplimit */
212 int pathmtu = 0;		/* path MTU for the destination.  0 = unspec. */
213 
214 /* counters */
215 long npackets;			/* max packets to transmit */
216 long nreceived;			/* # of packets we got back */
217 long nrepeats;			/* number of duplicates */
218 long ntransmitted;		/* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */
219 struct timeval interval = {1, 0}; /* interval between packets */
220 
221 /* timing */
222 int timing;			/* flag to do timing */
223 double tmin = 999999999.0;	/* minimum round trip time */
224 double tmax = 0.0;		/* maximum round trip time */
225 double tsum = 0.0;		/* sum of all times, for doing average */
226 double tsumsq = 0.0;		/* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */
227 
228 /* for node addresses */
229 u_short naflags;
230 
231 /* for ancillary data(advanced API) */
232 struct msghdr smsghdr;
233 struct iovec smsgiov;
234 char *scmsg = NULL;
235 
236 volatile sig_atomic_t seenalrm;
237 volatile sig_atomic_t seenint;
238 #ifdef SIGINFO
239 volatile sig_atomic_t seeninfo;
240 #endif
241 
242 int	 main(int, char *[]);
243 void	 fill(char *, char *);
244 int	 get_hoplim(struct msghdr *);
245 #ifdef IPV6_RECVPATHMTU
246 int	 get_pathmtu(struct msghdr *);
247 #else
248 #define get_pathmtu(mhdr) (0)
249 #endif
250 struct in6_pktinfo *get_rcvpktinfo(struct msghdr *);
251 void	 onsignal(int);
252 void	 retransmit(void);
253 void	 onint(int);
254 size_t	 pingerlen(void);
255 int	 pinger(void);
256 const char *pr_addr(struct sockaddr *, int);
257 void	 pr_icmph(struct icmp6_hdr *, u_char *);
258 void	 pr_iph(struct ip6_hdr *);
259 void	 pr_suptypes(struct icmp6_nodeinfo *, size_t);
260 void	 pr_nodeaddr(struct icmp6_nodeinfo *, int);
261 int	 myechoreply(const struct icmp6_hdr *);
262 int	 mynireply(const struct icmp6_nodeinfo *);
263 char *dnsdecode(const u_char **, const u_char *, const u_char *,
264 	char *, size_t);
265 void	 pr_pack(u_char *, int, struct msghdr *);
266 void	 pr_exthdrs(struct msghdr *);
267 void	 pr_ip6opt(void *, size_t);
268 void	 pr_rthdr(void *, size_t);
269 int	 pr_bitrange(u_int32_t, int, int);
270 void	 pr_retip(struct ip6_hdr *, u_char *);
271 void	 summary(void);
272 void	 tvsub(struct timeval *, struct timeval *);
273 int	 setpolicy(int, char *);
274 char	*nigroup(char *);
275 void	 usage(void);
276 
277 int
278 main(int argc, char **argv)
279 {
280 	struct itimerval itimer;
281 	struct sockaddr_in6 from;
282 #ifndef HAVE_ARC4RANDOM
283 	struct timeval seed;
284 #endif
285 #ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
286 	int timeout;
287 #else
288 	struct timeval timeout, *tv;
289 #endif
290 	struct addrinfo hints;
291 #ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
292 	struct pollfd fdmaskp[1];
293 #else
294 	fd_set *fdmaskp;
295 	int fdmasks;
296 #endif
297 	int cc, i;
298 	int ch, hold, packlen, preload, optval, ret_ga;
299 	u_char *datap, *packet;
300 	char *e, *target, *ifname = NULL, *gateway = NULL;
301 	int ip6optlen = 0;
302 	struct cmsghdr *scmsgp = NULL;
303 	struct cmsghdr *cm;
304 #if defined(SO_SNDBUF) && defined(SO_RCVBUF)
305 	u_long lsockbufsize;
306 	int sockbufsize = 0;
307 #endif
308 	int usepktinfo = 0;
309 	struct in6_pktinfo *pktinfo = NULL;
310 #ifdef USE_RFC3542
311 	struct ip6_rthdr *rthdr = NULL;
312 #endif
313 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
314 	char *policy_in = NULL;
315 	char *policy_out = NULL;
316 #endif
317 #ifdef IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU
318 	int mflag = 0;
319 #endif
320 	double intval;
321 
322 	/* just to be sure */
323 	memset(&smsghdr, 0, sizeof(smsghdr));
324 	memset(&smsgiov, 0, sizeof(smsgiov));
325 
326 	preload = 0;
327 	datap = &outpack[ICMP6ECHOLEN + ICMP6ECHOTMLEN];
328 #ifndef IPSEC
329 #define ADDOPTS
330 #else
331 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
332 #define ADDOPTS	"P:"
333 #else
334 #define ADDOPTS	"AE"
335 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
336 #endif
337 	while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv,
338 	    "a:b:c:dfHg:h:I:i:l:mnNp:qS:s:tvwW" ADDOPTS)) != -1) {
339 #undef ADDOPTS
340 		switch (ch) {
341 		case 'a':
342 		{
343 			char *cp;
344 
345 			options &= ~F_NOUSERDATA;
346 			options |= F_NODEADDR;
347 			for (cp = optarg; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
348 				switch (*cp) {
349 				case 'a':
350 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_ALL;
351 					break;
352 				case 'c':
353 				case 'C':
354 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_COMPAT;
355 					break;
356 				case 'l':
357 				case 'L':
358 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_LINKLOCAL;
359 					break;
360 				case 's':
361 				case 'S':
362 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_SITELOCAL;
363 					break;
364 				case 'g':
365 				case 'G':
366 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_GLOBAL;
367 					break;
368 				case 'A': /* experimental. not in the spec */
369 #ifdef NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_ANYCAST
370 					naflags |= NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_ANYCAST;
371 					break;
372 #else
373 					errx(1,
374 "-a A is not supported on the platform");
375 					/*NOTREACHED*/
376 #endif
377 				default:
378 					usage();
379 					/*NOTREACHED*/
380 				}
381 			}
382 			break;
383 		}
384 		case 'b':
385 #if defined(SO_SNDBUF) && defined(SO_RCVBUF)
386 			errno = 0;
387 			e = NULL;
388 			lsockbufsize = strtoul(optarg, &e, 10);
389 			sockbufsize = lsockbufsize;
390 			if (errno || !*optarg || *e ||
391 			    sockbufsize != (long)lsockbufsize)
392 				errx(1, "invalid socket buffer size");
393 #else
394 			errx(1,
395 "-b option ignored: SO_SNDBUF/SO_RCVBUF socket options not supported");
396 #endif
397 			break;
398 		case 'c':
399 			npackets = strtol(optarg, &e, 10);
400 			if (npackets <= 0 || *optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
401 				errx(1,
402 				    "illegal number of packets -- %s", optarg);
403 			break;
404 		case 'd':
405 			options |= F_SO_DEBUG;
406 			break;
407 		case 'f':
408 			if (getuid()) {
409 				errno = EPERM;
410 				errx(1, "Must be superuser to flood ping");
411 			}
412 			options |= F_FLOOD;
413 			setbuf(stdout, NULL);
414 			break;
415 		case 'g':
416 			gateway = optarg;
417 			break;
418 		case 'H':
419 			options |= F_HOSTNAME;
420 			break;
421 		case 'h':		/* hoplimit */
422 			hoplimit = strtol(optarg, &e, 10);
423 			if (*optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
424 				errx(1, "illegal hoplimit %s", optarg);
425 			if (255 < hoplimit || hoplimit < -1)
426 				errx(1,
427 				    "illegal hoplimit -- %s", optarg);
428 			break;
429 		case 'I':
430 			ifname = optarg;
431 			options |= F_INTERFACE;
432 #ifndef USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID
433 			usepktinfo++;
434 #endif
435 			break;
436 		case 'i':		/* wait between sending packets */
437 			intval = strtod(optarg, &e);
438 			if (*optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
439 				errx(1, "illegal timing interval %s", optarg);
440 			if (intval < 1 && getuid()) {
441 				errx(1, "%s: only root may use interval < 1s",
442 				    strerror(EPERM));
443 			}
444 			interval.tv_sec = (long)intval;
445 			interval.tv_usec =
446 			    (long)((intval - interval.tv_sec) * 1000000);
447 			if (interval.tv_sec < 0)
448 				errx(1, "illegal timing interval %s", optarg);
449 			/* less than 1/hz does not make sense */
450 			if (interval.tv_sec == 0 && interval.tv_usec < 10000) {
451 				warnx("too small interval, raised to 0.01");
452 				interval.tv_usec = 10000;
453 			}
454 			options |= F_INTERVAL;
455 			break;
456 		case 'l':
457 			if (getuid()) {
458 				errno = EPERM;
459 				errx(1, "Must be superuser to preload");
460 			}
461 			preload = strtol(optarg, &e, 10);
462 			if (preload < 0 || *optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
463 				errx(1, "illegal preload value -- %s", optarg);
464 			break;
465 		case 'm':
466 #ifdef IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU
467 			mflag++;
468 			break;
469 #else
470 			errx(1, "-%c is not supported on this platform", ch);
471 			/*NOTREACHED*/
472 #endif
473 		case 'n':
474 			options &= ~F_HOSTNAME;
475 			break;
476 		case 'N':
477 			options |= F_NIGROUP;
478 			break;
479 		case 'p':		/* fill buffer with user pattern */
480 			options |= F_PINGFILLED;
481 			fill((char *)datap, optarg);
482 				break;
483 		case 'q':
484 			options |= F_QUIET;
485 			break;
486 		case 'S':
487 			memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
488 			hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST; /* allow hostname? */
489 			hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
490 			hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW;
491 			hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
492 
493 			ret_ga = getaddrinfo(optarg, NULL, &hints, &res);
494 			if (ret_ga) {
495 				errx(1, "invalid source address: %s",
496 				     gai_strerror(ret_ga));
497 			}
498 			/*
499 			 * res->ai_family must be AF_INET6 and res->ai_addrlen
500 			 * must be sizeof(src).
501 			 */
502 			memcpy(&src, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
503 			srclen = res->ai_addrlen;
504 			freeaddrinfo(res);
505 			options |= F_SRCADDR;
506 			break;
507 		case 's':		/* size of packet to send */
508 			datalen = strtol(optarg, &e, 10);
509 			if (datalen <= 0 || *optarg == '\0' || *e != '\0')
510 				errx(1, "illegal datalen value -- %s", optarg);
511 			if (datalen > MAXDATALEN) {
512 				errx(1,
513 				    "datalen value too large, maximum is %d",
514 				    MAXDATALEN);
515 			}
516 			break;
517 		case 't':
518 			options &= ~F_NOUSERDATA;
519 			options |= F_SUPTYPES;
520 			break;
521 		case 'v':
522 			options |= F_VERBOSE;
523 			break;
524 		case 'w':
525 			options &= ~F_NOUSERDATA;
526 			options |= F_FQDN;
527 			break;
528 		case 'W':
529 			options &= ~F_NOUSERDATA;
530 			options |= F_FQDNOLD;
531 			break;
532 #ifdef IPSEC
533 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
534 		case 'P':
535 			options |= F_POLICY;
536 			if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2)) {
537 				if ((policy_in = strdup(optarg)) == NULL)
538 					errx(1, "strdup");
539 			} else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3)) {
540 				if ((policy_out = strdup(optarg)) == NULL)
541 					errx(1, "strdup");
542 			} else
543 				errx(1, "invalid security policy");
544 			break;
545 #else
546 		case 'A':
547 			options |= F_AUTHHDR;
548 			break;
549 		case 'E':
550 			options |= F_ENCRYPT;
551 			break;
552 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
553 #endif /*IPSEC*/
554 		default:
555 			usage();
556 			/*NOTREACHED*/
557 		}
558 	}
559 
560 	argc -= optind;
561 	argv += optind;
562 
563 	if (argc < 1) {
564 		usage();
565 		/*NOTREACHED*/
566 	}
567 	if (argc > 1) {
568 		errx(1, "too many arguments");
569 		/*NOTREACHED*/
570 	}
571 
572 	if (options & F_NIGROUP) {
573 		target = nigroup(argv[argc - 1]);
574 		if (target == NULL) {
575 			usage();
576 			/*NOTREACHED*/
577 		}
578 	} else
579 		target = argv[argc - 1];
580 
581 	/* getaddrinfo */
582 	memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
583 	hints.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;
584 	hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
585 	hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW;
586 	hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
587 
588 	ret_ga = getaddrinfo(target, NULL, &hints, &res);
589 	if (ret_ga)
590 		errx(1, "%s", gai_strerror(ret_ga));
591 	if (res->ai_canonname)
592 		hostname = res->ai_canonname;
593 	else
594 		hostname = target;
595 
596 	if (!res->ai_addr)
597 		errx(1, "getaddrinfo failed");
598 
599 	memcpy(&dst, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen);
600 
601 	if ((s = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype,
602 	    res->ai_protocol)) < 0)
603 		err(1, "socket");
604 
605 	/* set the source address if specified. */
606 	if ((options & F_SRCADDR) &&
607 	    bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&src, srclen) != 0) {
608 		err(1, "bind");
609 	}
610 
611 	/* set the gateway (next hop) if specified */
612 	if (gateway) {
613 		struct addrinfo ghints, *gres;
614 		int error;
615 
616 		memset(&ghints, 0, sizeof(ghints));
617 		ghints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
618 		ghints.ai_socktype = SOCK_RAW;
619 		ghints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_ICMPV6;
620 
621 		error = getaddrinfo(gateway, NULL, &hints, &gres);
622 		if (error) {
623 			errx(1, "getaddrinfo for the gateway %s: %s",
624 			     gateway, gai_strerror(error));
625 		}
626 		if (gres->ai_next && (options & F_VERBOSE))
627 			warnx("gateway resolves to multiple addresses");
628 
629 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_NEXTHOP,
630 			       gres->ai_addr, gres->ai_addrlen)) {
631 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_NEXTHOP)");
632 		}
633 
634 		freeaddrinfo(gres);
635 	}
636 
637 	/*
638 	 * let the kerel pass extension headers of incoming packets,
639 	 * for privileged socket options
640 	 */
641 	if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
642 		int opton = 1;
643 
644 #ifdef IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS
645 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS, &opton,
646 		    sizeof(opton)))
647 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS)");
648 #else  /* old adv. API */
649 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_HOPOPTS, &opton,
650 		    sizeof(opton)))
651 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_HOPOPTS)");
652 #endif
653 #ifdef IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS
654 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS, &opton,
655 		    sizeof(opton)))
656 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS)");
657 #else  /* old adv. API */
658 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_DSTOPTS, &opton,
659 		    sizeof(opton)))
660 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_DSTOPTS)");
661 #endif
662 #ifdef IPV6_RECVRTHDRDSTOPTS
663 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVRTHDRDSTOPTS, &opton,
664 		    sizeof(opton)))
665 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVRTHDRDSTOPTS)");
666 #endif
667 	}
668 
669 	/* revoke root privilege */
670 	seteuid(getuid());
671 	setuid(getuid());
672 
673 	if ((options & F_FLOOD) && (options & F_INTERVAL))
674 		errx(1, "-f and -i incompatible options");
675 
676 	if ((options & F_NOUSERDATA) == 0) {
677 		if (datalen >= (int)sizeof(struct tv32)) {
678 			/* we can time transfer */
679 			timing = 1;
680 		} else
681 			timing = 0;
682 		/* in F_VERBOSE case, we may get non-echoreply packets*/
683 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
684 			packlen = 2048 + IP6LEN + ICMP6ECHOLEN + EXTRA;
685 		else
686 			packlen = datalen + IP6LEN + ICMP6ECHOLEN + EXTRA;
687 	} else {
688 		/* suppress timing for node information query */
689 		timing = 0;
690 		datalen = 2048;
691 		packlen = 2048 + IP6LEN + ICMP6ECHOLEN + EXTRA;
692 	}
693 
694 	if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((u_int)packlen)))
695 		err(1, "Unable to allocate packet");
696 	if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED))
697 		for (i = ICMP6ECHOLEN; i < packlen; ++i)
698 			*datap++ = i;
699 
700 	ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF;
701 #ifndef HAVE_ARC4RANDOM
702 	gettimeofday(&seed, NULL);
703 	srand((unsigned int)(seed.tv_sec ^ seed.tv_usec ^ (long)ident));
704 	memset(nonce, 0, sizeof(nonce));
705 	for (i = 0; i < (int)sizeof(nonce); i += sizeof(int))
706 		*((int *)&nonce[i]) = rand();
707 #else
708 	memset(nonce, 0, sizeof(nonce));
709 	for (i = 0; i < (int)sizeof(nonce); i += sizeof(u_int32_t))
710 		*((u_int32_t *)&nonce[i]) = arc4random();
711 #endif
712 
713 	hold = 1;
714 
715 	if (options & F_SO_DEBUG)
716 		setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold,
717 		    sizeof(hold));
718 	optval = IPV6_DEFHLIM;
719 	if (IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST(&dst.sin6_addr))
720 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS,
721 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
722 			err(1, "IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS");
723 #ifdef IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU
724 	if (mflag != 1) {
725 		optval = mflag > 1 ? 0 : 1;
726 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU,
727 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
728 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU)");
729 	}
730 #ifdef IPV6_RECVPATHMTU
731 	else {
732 		optval = 1;
733 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPATHMTU,
734 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
735 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVPATHMTU)");
736 	}
737 #endif /* IPV6_RECVPATHMTU */
738 #endif /* IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU */
739 
740 #ifdef IPSEC
741 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
742 	if (options & F_POLICY) {
743 		if (setpolicy(s, policy_in) < 0)
744 			errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
745 		if (setpolicy(s, policy_out) < 0)
746 			errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
747 	}
748 #else
749 	if (options & F_AUTHHDR) {
750 		optval = IPSEC_LEVEL_REQUIRE;
751 #ifdef IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL
752 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL,
753 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
754 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_AUTH_TRANS_LEVEL)");
755 #else /* old def */
756 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL,
757 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
758 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_AUTH_LEVEL)");
759 #endif
760 	}
761 	if (options & F_ENCRYPT) {
762 		optval = IPSEC_LEVEL_REQUIRE;
763 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL,
764 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
765 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_ESP_TRANS_LEVEL)");
766 	}
767 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/
768 #endif
769 
770 #ifdef ICMP6_FILTER
771     {
772 	struct icmp6_filter filt;
773 	if (!(options & F_VERBOSE)) {
774 		ICMP6_FILTER_SETBLOCKALL(&filt);
775 		if ((options & F_FQDN) || (options & F_FQDNOLD) ||
776 		    (options & F_NODEADDR) || (options & F_SUPTYPES))
777 			ICMP6_FILTER_SETPASS(ICMP6_NI_REPLY, &filt);
778 		else
779 			ICMP6_FILTER_SETPASS(ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY, &filt);
780 	} else {
781 		ICMP6_FILTER_SETPASSALL(&filt);
782 	}
783 	if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_ICMPV6, ICMP6_FILTER, &filt,
784 	    sizeof(filt)) < 0)
785 		err(1, "setsockopt(ICMP6_FILTER)");
786     }
787 #endif /*ICMP6_FILTER*/
788 
789 	/* let the kerel pass extension headers of incoming packets */
790 	if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
791 		int opton = 1;
792 
793 #ifdef IPV6_RECVRTHDR
794 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVRTHDR, &opton,
795 		    sizeof(opton)))
796 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RECVRTHDR)");
797 #else  /* old adv. API */
798 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RTHDR, &opton,
799 		    sizeof(opton)))
800 			err(1, "setsockopt(IPV6_RTHDR)");
801 #endif
802 	}
803 
804 /*
805 	optval = 1;
806 	if (IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST(&dst.sin6_addr))
807 		if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP,
808 		    &optval, sizeof(optval)) == -1)
809 			err(1, "IPV6_MULTICAST_LOOP");
810 */
811 
812 	/* Specify the outgoing interface and/or the source address */
813 	if (usepktinfo)
814 		ip6optlen += CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo));
815 
816 	if (hoplimit != -1)
817 		ip6optlen += CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int));
818 
819 	/* set IP6 packet options */
820 	if (ip6optlen) {
821 		if ((scmsg = (char *)malloc(ip6optlen)) == NULL)
822 			errx(1, "can't allocate enough memory");
823 		smsghdr.msg_control = (caddr_t)scmsg;
824 		smsghdr.msg_controllen = ip6optlen;
825 		scmsgp = (struct cmsghdr *)scmsg;
826 	}
827 	if (usepktinfo) {
828 		pktinfo = (struct in6_pktinfo *)(CMSG_DATA(scmsgp));
829 		memset(pktinfo, 0, sizeof(*pktinfo));
830 		scmsgp->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo));
831 		scmsgp->cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IPV6;
832 		scmsgp->cmsg_type = IPV6_PKTINFO;
833 		scmsgp = CMSG_NXTHDR(&smsghdr, scmsgp);
834 	}
835 
836 	/* set the outgoing interface */
837 	if (ifname) {
838 #ifndef USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID
839 		/* pktinfo must have already been allocated */
840 		if ((pktinfo->ipi6_ifindex = if_nametoindex(ifname)) == 0)
841 			errx(1, "%s: invalid interface name", ifname);
842 #else
843 		if ((dst.sin6_scope_id = if_nametoindex(ifname)) == 0)
844 			errx(1, "%s: invalid interface name", ifname);
845 #endif
846 	}
847 	if (hoplimit != -1) {
848 		scmsgp->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
849 		scmsgp->cmsg_level = IPPROTO_IPV6;
850 		scmsgp->cmsg_type = IPV6_HOPLIMIT;
851 		*(int *)(CMSG_DATA(scmsgp)) = hoplimit;
852 
853 		scmsgp = CMSG_NXTHDR(&smsghdr, scmsgp);
854 	}
855 
856 	if (!(options & F_SRCADDR)) {
857 		/*
858 		 * get the source address. XXX since we revoked the root
859 		 * privilege, we cannot use a raw socket for this.
860 		 */
861 		int dummy;
862 		socklen_t len = sizeof(src);
863 
864 		if ((dummy = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
865 			err(1, "UDP socket");
866 
867 		src.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
868 		src.sin6_addr = dst.sin6_addr;
869 		src.sin6_port = ntohs(DUMMY_PORT);
870 		src.sin6_scope_id = dst.sin6_scope_id;
871 
872 #ifdef USE_RFC3542
873 		if (pktinfo &&
874 		    setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO,
875 		    (void *)pktinfo, sizeof(*pktinfo)))
876 			err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_PKTINFO)");
877 		if (hoplimit != -1 &&
878 		    setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS,
879 		    (void *)&hoplimit, sizeof(hoplimit)))
880 			err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS)");
881 		if (hoplimit != -1 &&
882 		    setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS,
883 		    (void *)&hoplimit, sizeof(hoplimit)))
884 			err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS)");
885 		if (rthdr &&
886 		    setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RTHDR,
887 		    (void *)rthdr, (rthdr->ip6r_len + 1) << 3))
888 			err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_RTHDR)");
889 #else  /* old advanced API */
890 		if (smsghdr.msg_control &&
891 		    setsockopt(dummy, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTOPTIONS,
892 		    (void *)smsghdr.msg_control, smsghdr.msg_controllen))
893 			err(1, "UDP setsockopt(IPV6_PKTOPTIONS)");
894 #endif
895 
896 		if (connect(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&src, len) < 0)
897 			err(1, "UDP connect");
898 
899 		if (getsockname(dummy, (struct sockaddr *)&src, &len) < 0)
900 			err(1, "getsockname");
901 
902 		close(dummy);
903 	}
904 
905 #if defined(SO_SNDBUF) && defined(SO_RCVBUF)
906 	if (sockbufsize) {
907 		if (datalen > sockbufsize)
908 			warnx("you need -b to increase socket buffer size");
909 		if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &sockbufsize,
910 		    sizeof(sockbufsize)) < 0)
911 			err(1, "setsockopt(SO_SNDBUF)");
912 		if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &sockbufsize,
913 		    sizeof(sockbufsize)) < 0)
914 			err(1, "setsockopt(SO_RCVBUF)");
915 	}
916 	else {
917 		if (datalen > 8 * 1024)	/*XXX*/
918 			warnx("you need -b to increase socket buffer size");
919 		/*
920 		 * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of
921 		 * answers. Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying
922 		 * to stress the ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache
923 		 * to get some stuff for /etc/ethers.
924 		 */
925 		hold = 48 * 1024;
926 		setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold,
927 		    sizeof(hold));
928 	}
929 #endif
930 
931 	optval = 1;
932 #ifndef USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID
933 #ifdef IPV6_RECVPKTINFO
934 	if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO, &optval,
935 	    sizeof(optval)) < 0)
936 		warn("setsockopt(IPV6_RECVPKTINFO)"); /* XXX err? */
937 #else  /* old adv. API */
938 	if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO, &optval,
939 	    sizeof(optval)) < 0)
940 		warn("setsockopt(IPV6_PKTINFO)"); /* XXX err? */
941 #endif
942 #endif /* USE_SIN6_SCOPE_ID */
943 #ifdef IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT
944 	if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT, &optval,
945 	    sizeof(optval)) < 0)
946 		warn("setsockopt(IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT)"); /* XXX err? */
947 #else  /* old adv. API */
948 	if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_HOPLIMIT, &optval,
949 	    sizeof(optval)) < 0)
950 		warn("setsockopt(IPV6_HOPLIMIT)"); /* XXX err? */
951 #endif
952 
953 	printf("PING6(%lu=40+8+%lu bytes) ", (unsigned long)(40 + pingerlen()),
954 	    (unsigned long)(pingerlen() - 8));
955 	printf("%s --> ", pr_addr((struct sockaddr *)&src, sizeof(src)));
956 	printf("%s\n", pr_addr((struct sockaddr *)&dst, sizeof(dst)));
957 
958 	while (preload--)		/* Fire off them quickies. */
959 		pinger();
960 
961 	signal(SIGINT, onsignal);
962 #ifdef SIGINFO
963 	signal(SIGINFO, onsignal);
964 #endif
965 
966 	if ((options & F_FLOOD) == 0) {
967 		signal(SIGALRM, onsignal);
968 		itimer.it_interval = interval;
969 		itimer.it_value = interval;
970 		setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itimer, NULL);
971 		if (ntransmitted == 0)
972 			retransmit();
973 	}
974 
975 #ifndef HAVE_POLL_H
976 	fdmasks = howmany(s + 1, NFDBITS) * sizeof(fd_mask);
977 	if ((fdmaskp = malloc(fdmasks)) == NULL)
978 		err(1, "malloc");
979 #endif
980 
981 	seenalrm = seenint = 0;
982 #ifdef SIGINFO
983 	seeninfo = 0;
984 #endif
985 
986 	/* For control (ancillary) data received from recvmsg() */
987 	cm = (struct cmsghdr *)malloc(CONTROLLEN);
988 	if (cm == NULL)
989 		err(1, "malloc");
990 
991 	for (;;) {
992 		struct msghdr m;
993 		struct iovec iov[2];
994 
995 		/* signal handling */
996 		if (seenalrm) {
997 			retransmit();
998 			seenalrm = 0;
999 			continue;
1000 		}
1001 		if (seenint) {
1002 			onint(SIGINT);
1003 			seenint = 0;
1004 			continue;
1005 		}
1006 #ifdef SIGINFO
1007 		if (seeninfo) {
1008 			summary();
1009 			seeninfo = 0;
1010 			continue;
1011 		}
1012 #endif
1013 
1014 		if (options & F_FLOOD) {
1015 			pinger();
1016 #ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
1017 			timeout = 10;
1018 #else
1019 			timeout.tv_sec = 0;
1020 			timeout.tv_usec = 10000;
1021 			tv = &timeout;
1022 #endif
1023 		} else {
1024 #ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
1025 			timeout = INFTIM;
1026 #else
1027 			tv = NULL;
1028 #endif
1029 		}
1030 #ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
1031 		fdmaskp[0].fd = s;
1032 		fdmaskp[0].events = POLLIN;
1033 		cc = poll(fdmaskp, 1, timeout);
1034 #else
1035 		memset(fdmaskp, 0, fdmasks);
1036 		FD_SET(s, fdmaskp);
1037 		cc = select(s + 1, fdmaskp, NULL, NULL, tv);
1038 #endif
1039 		if (cc < 0) {
1040 			if (errno != EINTR) {
1041 #ifdef HAVE_POLL_H
1042 				warn("poll");
1043 #else
1044 				warn("select");
1045 #endif
1046 				sleep(1);
1047 			}
1048 			continue;
1049 		} else if (cc == 0)
1050 			continue;
1051 
1052 		m.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from;
1053 		m.msg_namelen = sizeof(from);
1054 		memset(&iov, 0, sizeof(iov));
1055 		iov[0].iov_base = (caddr_t)packet;
1056 		iov[0].iov_len = packlen;
1057 		m.msg_iov = iov;
1058 		m.msg_iovlen = 1;
1059 		memset(cm, 0, CONTROLLEN);
1060 		m.msg_control = (void *)cm;
1061 		m.msg_controllen = CONTROLLEN;
1062 
1063 		cc = recvmsg(s, &m, 0);
1064 		if (cc < 0) {
1065 			if (errno != EINTR) {
1066 				warn("recvmsg");
1067 				sleep(1);
1068 			}
1069 			continue;
1070 		} else if (cc == 0) {
1071 			int mtu;
1072 
1073 			/*
1074 			 * receive control messages only. Process the
1075 			 * exceptions (currently the only possiblity is
1076 			 * a path MTU notification.)
1077 			 */
1078 			if ((mtu = get_pathmtu(&m)) > 0) {
1079 				if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
1080 					printf("new path MTU (%d) is "
1081 					    "notified\n", mtu);
1082 				}
1083 			}
1084 			continue;
1085 		} else {
1086 			/*
1087 			 * an ICMPv6 message (probably an echoreply) arrived.
1088 			 */
1089 			pr_pack(packet, cc, &m);
1090 		}
1091 		if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets)
1092 			break;
1093 	}
1094 	summary();
1095 	exit(nreceived == 0);
1096 }
1097 
1098 void
1099 onsignal(int sig)
1100 {
1101 	switch (sig) {
1102 	case SIGALRM:
1103 		seenalrm++;
1104 		break;
1105 	case SIGINT:
1106 		seenint++;
1107 		break;
1108 #ifdef SIGINFO
1109 	case SIGINFO:
1110 		seeninfo++;
1111 		break;
1112 #endif
1113 	}
1114 }
1115 
1116 /*
1117  * retransmit --
1118  *	This routine transmits another ping6.
1119  */
1120 void
1121 retransmit(void)
1122 {
1123 	struct itimerval itimer;
1124 
1125 	if (pinger() == 0)
1126 		return;
1127 
1128 	/*
1129 	 * If we're not transmitting any more packets, change the timer
1130 	 * to wait two round-trip times if we've received any packets or
1131 	 * ten seconds if we haven't.
1132 	 */
1133 #define	MAXWAIT		10
1134 	if (nreceived) {
1135 		itimer.it_value.tv_sec =  2 * tmax / 1000;
1136 		if (itimer.it_value.tv_sec == 0)
1137 			itimer.it_value.tv_sec = 1;
1138 	} else
1139 		itimer.it_value.tv_sec = MAXWAIT;
1140 	itimer.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
1141 	itimer.it_interval.tv_usec = 0;
1142 	itimer.it_value.tv_usec = 0;
1143 
1144 	signal(SIGALRM, onint);
1145 	setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itimer, NULL);
1146 }
1147 
1148 /*
1149  * pinger --
1150  *	Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet.  The IP packet
1151  * will be added on by the kernel.  The ID field is our UNIX process ID,
1152  * and the sequence number is an ascending integer.  The first 8 bytes
1153  * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in VAX
1154  * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time.
1155  */
1156 size_t
1157 pingerlen(void)
1158 {
1159 	size_t l;
1160 
1161 	if (options & F_FQDN)
1162 		l = ICMP6_NIQLEN + sizeof(dst.sin6_addr);
1163 	else if (options & F_FQDNOLD)
1164 		l = ICMP6_NIQLEN;
1165 	else if (options & F_NODEADDR)
1166 		l = ICMP6_NIQLEN + sizeof(dst.sin6_addr);
1167 	else if (options & F_SUPTYPES)
1168 		l = ICMP6_NIQLEN;
1169 	else
1170 		l = ICMP6ECHOLEN + datalen;
1171 
1172 	return l;
1173 }
1174 
1175 int
1176 pinger(void)
1177 {
1178 	struct icmp6_hdr *icp;
1179 	struct iovec iov[2];
1180 	int i, cc;
1181 	struct icmp6_nodeinfo *nip;
1182 	int seq;
1183 
1184 	if (npackets && ntransmitted >= npackets)
1185 		return(-1);	/* no more transmission */
1186 
1187 	icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)outpack;
1188 	nip = (struct icmp6_nodeinfo *)outpack;
1189 	memset(icp, 0, sizeof(*icp));
1190 	icp->icmp6_cksum = 0;
1191 	seq = ntransmitted++;
1192 	CLR(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1193 
1194 	if (options & F_FQDN) {
1195 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_NI_QUERY;
1196 		icp->icmp6_code = ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_IPV6;
1197 		nip->ni_qtype = htons(NI_QTYPE_FQDN);
1198 		nip->ni_flags = htons(0);
1199 
1200 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, nonce,
1201 		    sizeof(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce));
1202 		*(u_int16_t *)nip->icmp6_ni_nonce = ntohs(seq);
1203 
1204 		memcpy(&outpack[ICMP6_NIQLEN], &dst.sin6_addr,
1205 		    sizeof(dst.sin6_addr));
1206 		cc = ICMP6_NIQLEN + sizeof(dst.sin6_addr);
1207 		datalen = 0;
1208 	} else if (options & F_FQDNOLD) {
1209 		/* packet format in 03 draft - no Subject data on queries */
1210 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_NI_QUERY;
1211 		icp->icmp6_code = 0;	/* code field is always 0 */
1212 		nip->ni_qtype = htons(NI_QTYPE_FQDN);
1213 		nip->ni_flags = htons(0);
1214 
1215 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, nonce,
1216 		    sizeof(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce));
1217 		*(u_int16_t *)nip->icmp6_ni_nonce = ntohs(seq);
1218 
1219 		cc = ICMP6_NIQLEN;
1220 		datalen = 0;
1221 	} else if (options & F_NODEADDR) {
1222 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_NI_QUERY;
1223 		icp->icmp6_code = ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_IPV6;
1224 		nip->ni_qtype = htons(NI_QTYPE_NODEADDR);
1225 		nip->ni_flags = naflags;
1226 
1227 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, nonce,
1228 		    sizeof(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce));
1229 		*(u_int16_t *)nip->icmp6_ni_nonce = ntohs(seq);
1230 
1231 		memcpy(&outpack[ICMP6_NIQLEN], &dst.sin6_addr,
1232 		    sizeof(dst.sin6_addr));
1233 		cc = ICMP6_NIQLEN + sizeof(dst.sin6_addr);
1234 		datalen = 0;
1235 	} else if (options & F_SUPTYPES) {
1236 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_NI_QUERY;
1237 		icp->icmp6_code = ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_FQDN;	/*empty*/
1238 		nip->ni_qtype = htons(NI_QTYPE_SUPTYPES);
1239 		/* we support compressed bitmap */
1240 		nip->ni_flags = NI_SUPTYPE_FLAG_COMPRESS;
1241 
1242 		memcpy(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce, nonce,
1243 		    sizeof(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce));
1244 		*(u_int16_t *)nip->icmp6_ni_nonce = ntohs(seq);
1245 		cc = ICMP6_NIQLEN;
1246 		datalen = 0;
1247 	} else {
1248 		icp->icmp6_type = ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST;
1249 		icp->icmp6_code = 0;
1250 		icp->icmp6_id = htons(ident);
1251 		icp->icmp6_seq = ntohs(seq);
1252 		if (timing) {
1253 			struct timeval tv;
1254 			struct tv32 *tv32;
1255 			gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
1256 			tv32 = (struct tv32 *)&outpack[ICMP6ECHOLEN];
1257 			tv32->tv32_sec = htonl(tv.tv_sec);
1258 			tv32->tv32_usec = htonl(tv.tv_usec);
1259 		}
1260 		cc = ICMP6ECHOLEN + datalen;
1261 	}
1262 
1263 #ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
1264 	if (pingerlen() != cc)
1265 		errx(1, "internal error; length mismatch");
1266 #endif
1267 
1268 	smsghdr.msg_name = (caddr_t)&dst;
1269 	smsghdr.msg_namelen = sizeof(dst);
1270 	memset(&iov, 0, sizeof(iov));
1271 	iov[0].iov_base = (caddr_t)outpack;
1272 	iov[0].iov_len = cc;
1273 	smsghdr.msg_iov = iov;
1274 	smsghdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
1275 
1276 	i = sendmsg(s, &smsghdr, 0);
1277 
1278 	if (i < 0 || i != cc)  {
1279 		if (i < 0)
1280 			warn("sendmsg");
1281 		printf("ping6: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n", hostname, cc, i);
1282 	}
1283 	if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD)
1284 		write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1);
1285 
1286 	return(0);
1287 }
1288 
1289 int
1290 myechoreply(const struct icmp6_hdr *icp)
1291 {
1292 	if (ntohs(icp->icmp6_id) == ident)
1293 		return 1;
1294 	else
1295 		return 0;
1296 }
1297 
1298 int
1299 mynireply(const struct icmp6_nodeinfo *nip)
1300 {
1301 	if (memcmp(nip->icmp6_ni_nonce + sizeof(u_int16_t),
1302 	    nonce + sizeof(u_int16_t),
1303 	    sizeof(nonce) - sizeof(u_int16_t)) == 0)
1304 		return 1;
1305 	else
1306 		return 0;
1307 }
1308 
1309 char *
1310 dnsdecode(const u_char **sp, const u_char *ep, const u_char *base, char *buf,
1311 	  size_t bufsiz)
1312 {
1313 	int i = 0;
1314 	const u_char *cp;
1315 	char cresult[MAXDNAME + 1];
1316 	const u_char *comp;
1317 	int l;
1318 
1319 	cp = *sp;
1320 	*buf = '\0';
1321 
1322 	if (cp >= ep)
1323 		return NULL;
1324 	while (cp < ep) {
1325 		i = *cp;
1326 		if (i == 0 || cp != *sp) {
1327 			if (strlcat((char *)buf, ".", bufsiz) >= bufsiz)
1328 				return NULL;	/*result overrun*/
1329 		}
1330 		if (i == 0)
1331 			break;
1332 		cp++;
1333 
1334 		if ((i & 0xc0) == 0xc0 && cp - base > (i & 0x3f)) {
1335 			/* DNS compression */
1336 			if (!base)
1337 				return NULL;
1338 
1339 			comp = base + (i & 0x3f);
1340 			if (dnsdecode(&comp, cp, base, cresult,
1341 			    sizeof(cresult)) == NULL)
1342 				return NULL;
1343 			if (strlcat(buf, cresult, bufsiz) >= bufsiz)
1344 				return NULL;	/*result overrun*/
1345 			break;
1346 		} else if ((i & 0x3f) == i) {
1347 			if (i > ep - cp)
1348 				return NULL;	/*source overrun*/
1349 			while (i-- > 0 && cp < ep) {
1350 				l = snprintf(cresult, sizeof(cresult),
1351 				    isprint(*cp) ? "%c" : "\\%03o", *cp & 0xff);
1352 				if (l >= (int)sizeof(cresult) || l < 0)
1353 					return NULL;
1354 				if (strlcat(buf, cresult, bufsiz) >= bufsiz)
1355 					return NULL;	/*result overrun*/
1356 				cp++;
1357 			}
1358 		} else
1359 			return NULL;	/*invalid label*/
1360 	}
1361 	if (i != 0)
1362 		return NULL;	/*not terminated*/
1363 	cp++;
1364 	*sp = cp;
1365 	return buf;
1366 }
1367 
1368 /*
1369  * pr_pack --
1370  *	Print out the packet, if it came from us.  This logic is necessary
1371  * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets
1372  * which arrive ('tis only fair).  This permits multiple copies of this
1373  * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!).
1374  */
1375 void
1376 pr_pack(u_char *buf, int cc, struct msghdr *mhdr)
1377 {
1378 #define safeputc(c)	printf((isprint((c)) ? "%c" : "\\%03o"), c)
1379 	struct icmp6_hdr *icp;
1380 	struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni;
1381 	int i;
1382 	int hoplim;
1383 	struct sockaddr *from;
1384 	int fromlen;
1385 	u_char *cp = NULL, *dp, *end = buf + cc;
1386 	struct in6_pktinfo *pktinfo = NULL;
1387 	struct timeval tv, tp;
1388 	struct tv32 *tpp;
1389 	double triptime = 0;
1390 	int dupflag;
1391 	size_t off;
1392 	int oldfqdn;
1393 	u_int16_t seq;
1394 	char dnsname[MAXDNAME + 1];
1395 
1396 	gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
1397 
1398 	if (!mhdr || !mhdr->msg_name ||
1399 	    mhdr->msg_namelen != sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6) ||
1400 	    ((struct sockaddr *)mhdr->msg_name)->sa_family != AF_INET6) {
1401 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1402 			warnx("invalid peername");
1403 		return;
1404 	}
1405 	from = (struct sockaddr *)mhdr->msg_name;
1406 	fromlen = mhdr->msg_namelen;
1407 	if (cc < (int)sizeof(struct icmp6_hdr)) {
1408 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1409 			warnx("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc,
1410 			    pr_addr(from, fromlen));
1411 		return;
1412 	}
1413 	if (((mhdr->msg_flags & MSG_CTRUNC) != 0) &&
1414 	    (options & F_VERBOSE) != 0)
1415 		warnx("some control data discarded, insufficient buffer size");
1416 	icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *)buf;
1417 	ni = (struct icmp6_nodeinfo *)buf;
1418 	off = 0;
1419 
1420 	if ((hoplim = get_hoplim(mhdr)) == -1) {
1421 		warnx("failed to get receiving hop limit");
1422 		return;
1423 	}
1424 	if ((pktinfo = get_rcvpktinfo(mhdr)) == NULL) {
1425 		warnx("failed to get receiving packet information");
1426 		return;
1427 	}
1428 
1429 	if (icp->icmp6_type == ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY && myechoreply(icp)) {
1430 		seq = ntohs(icp->icmp6_seq);
1431 		++nreceived;
1432 		if (timing) {
1433 			tpp = (struct tv32 *)(icp + 1);
1434 			tp.tv_sec = ntohl(tpp->tv32_sec);
1435 			tp.tv_usec = ntohl(tpp->tv32_usec);
1436 			tvsub(&tv, &tp);
1437 			triptime = ((double)tv.tv_sec) * 1000.0 +
1438 			    ((double)tv.tv_usec) / 1000.0;
1439 			tsum += triptime;
1440 			tsumsq += triptime * triptime;
1441 			if (triptime < tmin)
1442 				tmin = triptime;
1443 			if (triptime > tmax)
1444 				tmax = triptime;
1445 		}
1446 
1447 		if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1448 			++nrepeats;
1449 			--nreceived;
1450 			dupflag = 1;
1451 		} else {
1452 			SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1453 			dupflag = 0;
1454 		}
1455 
1456 		if (options & F_QUIET)
1457 			return;
1458 
1459 		if (options & F_FLOOD)
1460 			write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1);
1461 		else {
1462 			printf("%d bytes from %s, icmp_seq=%u", cc,
1463 			    pr_addr(from, fromlen), seq);
1464 			printf(" hlim=%d", hoplim);
1465 			if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
1466 				struct sockaddr_in6 dstsa;
1467 
1468 				memset(&dstsa, 0, sizeof(dstsa));
1469 				dstsa.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
1470 				dstsa.sin6_len = sizeof(dstsa);
1471 				dstsa.sin6_scope_id = pktinfo->ipi6_ifindex;
1472 				dstsa.sin6_addr = pktinfo->ipi6_addr;
1473 				printf(" dst=%s",
1474 				    pr_addr((struct sockaddr *)&dstsa,
1475 				    sizeof(dstsa)));
1476 			}
1477 			if (timing)
1478 				printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime);
1479 			if (dupflag)
1480 				printf("(DUP!)");
1481 			/* check the data */
1482 			cp = buf + off + ICMP6ECHOLEN + ICMP6ECHOTMLEN;
1483 			dp = outpack + ICMP6ECHOLEN + ICMP6ECHOTMLEN;
1484 			for (i = 8; cp < end; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) {
1485 				if (*cp != *dp) {
1486 					printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x", i, *dp, *cp);
1487 					break;
1488 				}
1489 			}
1490 		}
1491 	} else if (icp->icmp6_type == ICMP6_NI_REPLY && mynireply(ni)) {
1492 		seq = ntohs(*(u_int16_t *)ni->icmp6_ni_nonce);
1493 		++nreceived;
1494 		if (TST(seq % mx_dup_ck)) {
1495 			++nrepeats;
1496 			--nreceived;
1497 			dupflag = 1;
1498 		} else {
1499 			SET(seq % mx_dup_ck);
1500 			dupflag = 0;
1501 		}
1502 
1503 		if (options & F_QUIET)
1504 			return;
1505 
1506 		printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, pr_addr(from, fromlen));
1507 
1508 		switch (ntohs(ni->ni_code)) {
1509 		case ICMP6_NI_SUCCESS:
1510 			break;
1511 		case ICMP6_NI_REFUSED:
1512 			printf("refused, type 0x%x", ntohs(ni->ni_type));
1513 			goto fqdnend;
1514 		case ICMP6_NI_UNKNOWN:
1515 			printf("unknown, type 0x%x", ntohs(ni->ni_type));
1516 			goto fqdnend;
1517 		default:
1518 			printf("unknown code 0x%x, type 0x%x",
1519 			    ntohs(ni->ni_code), ntohs(ni->ni_type));
1520 			goto fqdnend;
1521 		}
1522 
1523 		switch (ntohs(ni->ni_qtype)) {
1524 		case NI_QTYPE_NOOP:
1525 			printf("NodeInfo NOOP");
1526 			break;
1527 		case NI_QTYPE_SUPTYPES:
1528 			pr_suptypes(ni, end - (u_char *)ni);
1529 			break;
1530 		case NI_QTYPE_NODEADDR:
1531 			pr_nodeaddr(ni, end - (u_char *)ni);
1532 			break;
1533 		case NI_QTYPE_FQDN:
1534 		default:	/* XXX: for backward compatibility */
1535 			cp = (u_char *)ni + ICMP6_NIRLEN;
1536 			if (buf[off + ICMP6_NIRLEN] ==
1537 			    cc - off - ICMP6_NIRLEN - 1)
1538 				oldfqdn = 1;
1539 			else
1540 				oldfqdn = 0;
1541 			if (oldfqdn) {
1542 				cp++;	/* skip length */
1543 				while (cp < end) {
1544 					safeputc(*cp & 0xff);
1545 					cp++;
1546 				}
1547 			} else {
1548 				i = 0;
1549 				while (cp < end) {
1550 					if (dnsdecode((const u_char **)&cp, end,
1551 					    (const u_char *)(ni + 1), dnsname,
1552 					    sizeof(dnsname)) == NULL) {
1553 						printf("???");
1554 						break;
1555 					}
1556 					/*
1557 					 * name-lookup special handling for
1558 					 * truncated name
1559 					 */
1560 					if (cp + 1 <= end && !*cp &&
1561 					    strlen(dnsname) > 0) {
1562 						dnsname[strlen(dnsname) - 1] = '\0';
1563 						cp++;
1564 					}
1565 					printf("%s%s", i > 0 ? "," : "",
1566 					    dnsname);
1567 				}
1568 			}
1569 			if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
1570 				int32_t ttl;
1571 				int comma = 0;
1572 
1573 				printf(" (");	/*)*/
1574 
1575 				switch (ni->ni_code) {
1576 				case ICMP6_NI_REFUSED:
1577 					printf("refused");
1578 					comma++;
1579 					break;
1580 				case ICMP6_NI_UNKNOWN:
1581 					printf("unknown qtype");
1582 					comma++;
1583 					break;
1584 				}
1585 
1586 				if ((end - (u_char *)ni) < ICMP6_NIRLEN) {
1587 					/* case of refusion, unknown */
1588 					/*(*/
1589 					putchar(')');
1590 					goto fqdnend;
1591 				}
1592 				ttl = (int32_t)ntohl(*(u_long *)&buf[off+ICMP6ECHOLEN+8]);
1593 				if (comma)
1594 					printf(",");
1595 				if (!(ni->ni_flags & NI_FQDN_FLAG_VALIDTTL)) {
1596 					printf("TTL=%d:meaningless",
1597 					    (int)ttl);
1598 				} else {
1599 					if (ttl < 0) {
1600 						printf("TTL=%d:invalid", ttl);
1601 					} else
1602 						printf("TTL=%d", ttl);
1603 				}
1604 				comma++;
1605 
1606 				if (oldfqdn) {
1607 					if (comma)
1608 						printf(",");
1609 					printf("03 draft");
1610 					comma++;
1611 				} else {
1612 					cp = (u_char *)ni + ICMP6_NIRLEN;
1613 					if (cp == end) {
1614 						if (comma)
1615 							printf(",");
1616 						printf("no name");
1617 						comma++;
1618 					}
1619 				}
1620 
1621 				if (buf[off + ICMP6_NIRLEN] !=
1622 				    cc - off - ICMP6_NIRLEN - 1 && oldfqdn) {
1623 					if (comma)
1624 						printf(",");
1625 					printf("invalid namelen:%d/%lu",
1626 					    buf[off + ICMP6_NIRLEN],
1627 					    (u_long)cc - off - ICMP6_NIRLEN - 1);
1628 					comma++;
1629 				}
1630 				/*(*/
1631 				putchar(')');
1632 			}
1633 		fqdnend:
1634 			;
1635 		}
1636 	} else {
1637 		/* We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY */
1638 		if (!(options & F_VERBOSE))
1639 			return;
1640 		printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, pr_addr(from, fromlen));
1641 		pr_icmph(icp, end);
1642 	}
1643 
1644 	if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) {
1645 		putchar('\n');
1646 		if (options & F_VERBOSE)
1647 			pr_exthdrs(mhdr);
1648 		fflush(stdout);
1649 	}
1650 #undef safeputc
1651 }
1652 
1653 void
1654 pr_exthdrs(struct msghdr *mhdr)
1655 {
1656 	ssize_t bufsize;
1657 	void    *bufp;
1658 	struct cmsghdr *cm;
1659 
1660 	bufsize = 0;
1661 	bufp = mhdr->msg_control;
1662 	for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
1663 	     cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
1664 		if (cm->cmsg_level != IPPROTO_IPV6)
1665 			continue;
1666 
1667 		bufsize = CONTROLLEN - ((caddr_t)CMSG_DATA(cm) - (caddr_t)bufp);
1668 		if (bufsize <= 0)
1669 			continue;
1670 		switch (cm->cmsg_type) {
1671 		case IPV6_HOPOPTS:
1672 			printf("  HbH Options: ");
1673 			pr_ip6opt(CMSG_DATA(cm), (size_t)bufsize);
1674 			break;
1675 		case IPV6_DSTOPTS:
1676 #ifdef IPV6_RTHDRDSTOPTS
1677 		case IPV6_RTHDRDSTOPTS:
1678 #endif
1679 			printf("  Dst Options: ");
1680 			pr_ip6opt(CMSG_DATA(cm), (size_t)bufsize);
1681 			break;
1682 		case IPV6_RTHDR:
1683 			printf("  Routing: ");
1684 			pr_rthdr(CMSG_DATA(cm), (size_t)bufsize);
1685 			break;
1686 		}
1687 	}
1688 }
1689 
1690 #ifdef USE_RFC3542
1691 void
1692 pr_ip6opt(void *extbuf, size_t bufsize)
1693 {
1694 	struct ip6_hbh *ext;
1695 	int currentlen;
1696 	u_int8_t type;
1697 	socklen_t extlen, len;
1698 	void *databuf;
1699 	size_t offset;
1700 	u_int16_t value2;
1701 	u_int32_t value4;
1702 
1703 	ext = (struct ip6_hbh *)extbuf;
1704 	extlen = (ext->ip6h_len + 1) * 8;
1705 	printf("nxt %u, len %u (%lu bytes)\n", ext->ip6h_nxt,
1706 	    (unsigned int)ext->ip6h_len, (unsigned long)extlen);
1707 
1708 	/*
1709 	 * Bounds checking on the ancillary data buffer:
1710 	 *     subtract the size of a cmsg structure from the buffer size.
1711 	 */
1712 	if (bufsize < (extlen  + CMSG_SPACE(0))) {
1713 		extlen = bufsize - CMSG_SPACE(0);
1714 		warnx("options truncated, showing only %u (total=%u)",
1715 		    (unsigned int)(extlen / 8 - 1),
1716 		    (unsigned int)(ext->ip6h_len));
1717 	}
1718 
1719 	currentlen = 0;
1720 	while (1) {
1721 		currentlen = inet6_opt_next(extbuf, extlen, currentlen,
1722 		    &type, &len, &databuf);
1723 		if (currentlen == -1)
1724 			break;
1725 		switch (type) {
1726 		/*
1727 		 * Note that inet6_opt_next automatically skips any padding
1728 		 * optins.
1729 		 */
1730 		case IP6OPT_JUMBO:
1731 			offset = 0;
1732 			offset = inet6_opt_get_val(databuf, offset,
1733 			    &value4, sizeof(value4));
1734 			printf("    Jumbo Payload Opt: Length %u\n",
1735 			    (u_int32_t)ntohl(value4));
1736 			break;
1737 		/* FIXME: RFC3542 option is IP6OPT_ROUTER_ALERT. */
1738 		case IP6OPT_RTALERT:
1739 			offset = 0;
1740 			offset = inet6_opt_get_val(databuf, offset,
1741 						   &value2, sizeof(value2));
1742 			printf("    Router Alert Opt: Type %u\n",
1743 			    ntohs(value2));
1744 			break;
1745 		default:
1746 			printf("    Received Opt %u len %lu\n",
1747 			    type, (unsigned long)len);
1748 			break;
1749 		}
1750 	}
1751 	return;
1752 }
1753 #else  /* !USE_RFC3542 */
1754 /* ARGSUSED */
1755 void
1756 pr_ip6opt(void *extbuf __unused, size_t bufsize __unused)
1757 {
1758 	putchar('\n');
1759 	return;
1760 }
1761 #endif /* USE_RFC3542 */
1762 
1763 #ifdef USE_RFC3542
1764 void
1765 pr_rthdr(void *extbuf, size_t bufsize __unused)
1766 {
1767 	struct ip6_rthdr *rh = (struct ip6_rthdr *)extbuf;
1768 
1769 	/* print fixed part of the header */
1770 	printf("nxt %u, len %u (%d bytes), type %u, ", rh->ip6r_nxt,
1771 	    rh->ip6r_len, (rh->ip6r_len + 1) << 3, rh->ip6r_type);
1772 	printf("segments unknown, ");
1773 	printf("%d left\n", rh->ip6r_segleft);
1774 	return;
1775 
1776 }
1777 
1778 #else  /* !USE_RFC3542 */
1779 /* ARGSUSED */
1780 void
1781 pr_rthdr(void *extbuf __unused)
1782 {
1783 	putchar('\n');
1784 	return;
1785 }
1786 #endif /* USE_RFC3542 */
1787 
1788 int
1789 pr_bitrange(u_int32_t v, int soff, int ii)
1790 {
1791 	int off;
1792 	int i;
1793 
1794 	off = 0;
1795 	while (off < 32) {
1796 		/* shift till we have 0x01 */
1797 		if ((v & 0x01) == 0) {
1798 			if (ii > 1)
1799 				printf("-%u", soff + off - 1);
1800 			ii = 0;
1801 			switch (v & 0x0f) {
1802 			case 0x00:
1803 				v >>= 4;
1804 				off += 4;
1805 				continue;
1806 			case 0x08:
1807 				v >>= 3;
1808 				off += 3;
1809 				continue;
1810 			case 0x04: case 0x0c:
1811 				v >>= 2;
1812 				off += 2;
1813 				continue;
1814 			default:
1815 				v >>= 1;
1816 				off += 1;
1817 				continue;
1818 			}
1819 		}
1820 
1821 		/* we have 0x01 with us */
1822 		for (i = 0; i < 32 - off; i++) {
1823 			if ((v & (0x01 << i)) == 0)
1824 				break;
1825 		}
1826 		if (!ii)
1827 			printf(" %u", soff + off);
1828 		ii += i;
1829 		v >>= i; off += i;
1830 	}
1831 	return ii;
1832 }
1833 
1834 /* struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni:	ni->qtype must be SUPTYPES */
1835 void
1836 pr_suptypes(struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni, size_t nilen)
1837 {
1838 	size_t clen;
1839 	u_int32_t v;
1840 	const u_char *cp, *end;
1841 	u_int16_t cur;
1842 	struct cbit {
1843 		u_int16_t words;	/*32bit count*/
1844 		u_int16_t skip;
1845 	} cbit;
1846 #define MAXQTYPES	(1 << 16)
1847 	size_t off;
1848 	int b;
1849 
1850 	cp = (u_char *)(ni + 1);
1851 	end = ((u_char *)ni) + nilen;
1852 	cur = 0;
1853 	b = 0;
1854 
1855 	printf("NodeInfo Supported Qtypes");
1856 	if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
1857 		if (ni->ni_flags & NI_SUPTYPE_FLAG_COMPRESS)
1858 			printf(", compressed bitmap");
1859 		else
1860 			printf(", raw bitmap");
1861 	}
1862 
1863 	while (cp < end) {
1864 		clen = (size_t)(end - cp);
1865 		if ((ni->ni_flags & NI_SUPTYPE_FLAG_COMPRESS) == 0) {
1866 			if (clen == 0 || clen > MAXQTYPES / 8 ||
1867 			    clen % sizeof(v)) {
1868 				printf("???");
1869 				return;
1870 			}
1871 		} else {
1872 			if (clen < sizeof(cbit) || clen % sizeof(v))
1873 				return;
1874 			memcpy(&cbit, cp, sizeof(cbit));
1875 			if (sizeof(cbit) + ntohs(cbit.words) * sizeof(v) >
1876 			    clen)
1877 				return;
1878 			cp += sizeof(cbit);
1879 			clen = ntohs(cbit.words) * sizeof(v);
1880 			if (cur + clen * 8 + (u_long)ntohs(cbit.skip) * 32 >
1881 			    MAXQTYPES)
1882 				return;
1883 		}
1884 
1885 		for (off = 0; off < clen; off += sizeof(v)) {
1886 			memcpy(&v, cp + off, sizeof(v));
1887 			v = (u_int32_t)ntohl(v);
1888 			b = pr_bitrange(v, (int)(cur + off * 8), b);
1889 		}
1890 		/* flush the remaining bits */
1891 		b = pr_bitrange(0, (int)(cur + off * 8), b);
1892 
1893 		cp += clen;
1894 		cur += clen * 8;
1895 		if ((ni->ni_flags & NI_SUPTYPE_FLAG_COMPRESS) != 0)
1896 			cur += ntohs(cbit.skip) * 32;
1897 	}
1898 }
1899 
1900 /* struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni:	ni->qtype must be NODEADDR */
1901 void
1902 pr_nodeaddr(struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni, int nilen)
1903 {
1904 	u_char *cp = (u_char *)(ni + 1);
1905 	char ntop_buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
1906 	int withttl = 0;
1907 
1908 	nilen -= sizeof(struct icmp6_nodeinfo);
1909 
1910 	if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
1911 		switch (ni->ni_code) {
1912 		case ICMP6_NI_REFUSED:
1913 			printf("refused");
1914 			break;
1915 		case ICMP6_NI_UNKNOWN:
1916 			printf("unknown qtype");
1917 			break;
1918 		}
1919 		if (ni->ni_flags & NI_NODEADDR_FLAG_TRUNCATE)
1920 			printf(" truncated");
1921 	}
1922 	putchar('\n');
1923 	if (nilen <= 0)
1924 		printf("  no address\n");
1925 
1926 	/*
1927 	 * In icmp-name-lookups 05 and later, TTL of each returned address
1928 	 * is contained in the resposne. We try to detect the version
1929 	 * by the length of the data, but note that the detection algorithm
1930 	 * is incomplete. We assume the latest draft by default.
1931 	 */
1932 	if (nilen % (sizeof(u_int32_t) + sizeof(struct in6_addr)) == 0)
1933 		withttl = 1;
1934 	while (nilen > 0) {
1935 		u_int32_t ttl = 0;
1936 
1937 		if (withttl) {
1938 			/* XXX: alignment? */
1939 			ttl = (u_int32_t)ntohl(*(u_int32_t *)cp);
1940 			cp += sizeof(u_int32_t);
1941 			nilen -= sizeof(u_int32_t);
1942 		}
1943 
1944 		if (inet_ntop(AF_INET6, cp, ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf)) ==
1945 		    NULL)
1946 			strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
1947 		printf("  %s", ntop_buf);
1948 		if (withttl) {
1949 			if (ttl == 0xffffffff) {
1950 				/*
1951 				 * XXX: can this convention be applied to all
1952 				 * type of TTL (i.e. non-ND TTL)?
1953 				 */
1954 				printf("(TTL=infty)");
1955 			}
1956 			else
1957 				printf("(TTL=%u)", ttl);
1958 		}
1959 		putchar('\n');
1960 
1961 		nilen -= sizeof(struct in6_addr);
1962 		cp += sizeof(struct in6_addr);
1963 	}
1964 }
1965 
1966 int
1967 get_hoplim(struct msghdr *mhdr)
1968 {
1969 	struct cmsghdr *cm;
1970 
1971 	for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
1972 	     cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
1973 		if (cm->cmsg_len == 0)
1974 			return(-1);
1975 
1976 		if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
1977 		    cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_HOPLIMIT &&
1978 		    cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int)))
1979 			return(*(int *)CMSG_DATA(cm));
1980 	}
1981 
1982 	return(-1);
1983 }
1984 
1985 struct in6_pktinfo *
1986 get_rcvpktinfo(struct msghdr *mhdr)
1987 {
1988 	struct cmsghdr *cm;
1989 
1990 	for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
1991 	     cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
1992 		if (cm->cmsg_len == 0)
1993 			return(NULL);
1994 
1995 		if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
1996 		    cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_PKTINFO &&
1997 		    cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct in6_pktinfo)))
1998 			return((struct in6_pktinfo *)CMSG_DATA(cm));
1999 	}
2000 
2001 	return(NULL);
2002 }
2003 
2004 #ifdef IPV6_RECVPATHMTU
2005 int
2006 get_pathmtu(struct msghdr *mhdr)
2007 {
2008 	struct cmsghdr *cm;
2009 	struct ip6_mtuinfo *mtuctl = NULL;
2010 
2011 	for (cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mhdr); cm;
2012 	     cm = (struct cmsghdr *)CMSG_NXTHDR(mhdr, cm)) {
2013 		if (cm->cmsg_len == 0)
2014 			return(0);
2015 
2016 		if (cm->cmsg_level == IPPROTO_IPV6 &&
2017 		    cm->cmsg_type == IPV6_PATHMTU &&
2018 		    cm->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct ip6_mtuinfo))) {
2019 			mtuctl = (struct ip6_mtuinfo *)CMSG_DATA(cm);
2020 
2021 			/*
2022 			 * If the notified destination is different from
2023 			 * the one we are pinging, just ignore the info.
2024 			 * We check the scope ID only when both notified value
2025 			 * and our own value have non-0 values, because we may
2026 			 * have used the default scope zone ID for sending,
2027 			 * in which case the scope ID value is 0.
2028 			 */
2029 			if (!IN6_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&mtuctl->ip6m_addr.sin6_addr,
2030 						&dst.sin6_addr) ||
2031 			    (mtuctl->ip6m_addr.sin6_scope_id &&
2032 			     dst.sin6_scope_id &&
2033 			     mtuctl->ip6m_addr.sin6_scope_id !=
2034 			     dst.sin6_scope_id)) {
2035 				if ((options & F_VERBOSE) != 0) {
2036 					printf("path MTU for %s is notified. "
2037 					       "(ignored)\n",
2038 					   pr_addr((struct sockaddr *)&mtuctl->ip6m_addr,
2039 					   sizeof(mtuctl->ip6m_addr)));
2040 				}
2041 				return(0);
2042 			}
2043 
2044 			/*
2045 			 * Ignore an invalid MTU. XXX: can we just believe
2046 			 * the kernel check?
2047 			 */
2048 			if (mtuctl->ip6m_mtu < IPV6_MMTU)
2049 				return(0);
2050 
2051 			/* notification for our destination. return the MTU. */
2052 			return((int)mtuctl->ip6m_mtu);
2053 		}
2054 	}
2055 	return(0);
2056 }
2057 #endif
2058 
2059 /*
2060  * tvsub --
2061  *	Subtract 2 timeval structs:  out = out - in.  Out is assumed to
2062  * be >= in.
2063  */
2064 void
2065 tvsub(struct timeval *out, struct timeval *in)
2066 {
2067 	if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) {
2068 		--out->tv_sec;
2069 		out->tv_usec += 1000000;
2070 	}
2071 	out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec;
2072 }
2073 
2074 /*
2075  * onint --
2076  *	SIGINT handler.
2077  */
2078 /* ARGSUSED */
2079 void
2080 onint(int sig __unused)
2081 {
2082 	summary();
2083 
2084 	signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
2085 	kill(getpid(), SIGINT);
2086 
2087 	/* NOTREACHED */
2088 	exit(1);
2089 }
2090 
2091 /*
2092  * summary --
2093  *	Print out statistics.
2094  */
2095 void
2096 summary(void)
2097 {
2098 
2099 	printf("\n--- %s ping6 statistics ---\n", hostname);
2100 	printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted);
2101 	printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived);
2102 	if (nrepeats)
2103 		printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats);
2104 	if (ntransmitted) {
2105 		if (nreceived > ntransmitted)
2106 			printf("-- somebody's duplicating packets!");
2107 		else
2108 			printf("%.1f%% packet loss",
2109 			    ((((double)ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100.0) /
2110 			    ntransmitted));
2111 	}
2112 	putchar('\n');
2113 	if (nreceived && timing) {
2114 		/* Only display average to microseconds */
2115 		double num = nreceived + nrepeats;
2116 		double avg = tsum / num;
2117 		double dev = sqrt(tsumsq / num - avg * avg);
2118 		printf(
2119 		    "round-trip min/avg/max/std-dev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n",
2120 		    tmin, avg, tmax, dev);
2121 		fflush(stdout);
2122 	}
2123 	fflush(stdout);
2124 }
2125 
2126 /*subject type*/
2127 static const char *niqcode[] = {
2128 	"IPv6 address",
2129 	"DNS label",	/*or empty*/
2130 	"IPv4 address",
2131 };
2132 
2133 /*result code*/
2134 static const char *nircode[] = {
2135 	"Success", "Refused", "Unknown",
2136 };
2137 
2138 
2139 /*
2140  * pr_icmph --
2141  *	Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header.
2142  */
2143 void
2144 pr_icmph(struct icmp6_hdr *icp, u_char *end)
2145 {
2146 	char ntop_buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
2147 	struct nd_redirect *red;
2148 	struct icmp6_nodeinfo *ni;
2149 	char dnsname[MAXDNAME + 1];
2150 	const u_char *cp;
2151 	size_t l;
2152 
2153 	switch (icp->icmp6_type) {
2154 	case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH:
2155 		switch (icp->icmp6_code) {
2156 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOROUTE:
2157 			printf("No Route to Destination\n");
2158 			break;
2159 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADMIN:
2160 			printf("Destination Administratively "
2161 			    "Unreachable\n");
2162 			break;
2163 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_BEYONDSCOPE:
2164 			printf("Destination Unreachable Beyond Scope\n");
2165 			break;
2166 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADDR:
2167 			printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n");
2168 			break;
2169 		case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOPORT:
2170 			printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n");
2171 			break;
2172 		default:
2173 			printf("Destination Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n",
2174 			    icp->icmp6_code);
2175 			break;
2176 		}
2177 		/* Print returned IP header information */
2178 		pr_retip((struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1), end);
2179 		break;
2180 	case ICMP6_PACKET_TOO_BIG:
2181 		printf("Packet too big mtu = %d\n",
2182 		    (int)ntohl(icp->icmp6_mtu));
2183 		pr_retip((struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1), end);
2184 		break;
2185 	case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED:
2186 		switch (icp->icmp6_code) {
2187 		case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEED_TRANSIT:
2188 			printf("Time to live exceeded\n");
2189 			break;
2190 		case ICMP6_TIME_EXCEED_REASSEMBLY:
2191 			printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n");
2192 			break;
2193 		default:
2194 			printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n",
2195 			    icp->icmp6_code);
2196 			break;
2197 		}
2198 		pr_retip((struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1), end);
2199 		break;
2200 	case ICMP6_PARAM_PROB:
2201 		printf("Parameter problem: ");
2202 		switch (icp->icmp6_code) {
2203 		case ICMP6_PARAMPROB_HEADER:
2204 			printf("Erroneous Header ");
2205 			break;
2206 		case ICMP6_PARAMPROB_NEXTHEADER:
2207 			printf("Unknown Nextheader ");
2208 			break;
2209 		case ICMP6_PARAMPROB_OPTION:
2210 			printf("Unrecognized Option ");
2211 			break;
2212 		default:
2213 			printf("Bad code(%d) ", icp->icmp6_code);
2214 			break;
2215 		}
2216 		printf("pointer = 0x%02x\n", (u_int32_t)ntohl(icp->icmp6_pptr));
2217 		pr_retip((struct ip6_hdr *)(icp + 1), end);
2218 		break;
2219 	case ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST:
2220 		printf("Echo Request");
2221 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
2222 		break;
2223 	case ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY:
2224 		printf("Echo Reply");
2225 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
2226 		break;
2227 	case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_QUERY:
2228 		printf("Listener Query");
2229 		break;
2230 	case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REPORT:
2231 		printf("Listener Report");
2232 		break;
2233 	case ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REDUCTION:
2234 		printf("Listener Done");
2235 		break;
2236 	case ND_ROUTER_SOLICIT:
2237 		printf("Router Solicitation");
2238 		break;
2239 	case ND_ROUTER_ADVERT:
2240 		printf("Router Advertisement");
2241 		break;
2242 	case ND_NEIGHBOR_SOLICIT:
2243 		printf("Neighbor Solicitation");
2244 		break;
2245 	case ND_NEIGHBOR_ADVERT:
2246 		printf("Neighbor Advertisement");
2247 		break;
2248 	case ND_REDIRECT:
2249 		red = (struct nd_redirect *)icp;
2250 		printf("Redirect\n");
2251 		if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &red->nd_rd_dst, ntop_buf,
2252 		    sizeof(ntop_buf)))
2253 			strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
2254 		printf("Destination: %s", ntop_buf);
2255 		if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &red->nd_rd_target, ntop_buf,
2256 		    sizeof(ntop_buf)))
2257 			strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
2258 		printf(" New Target: %s", ntop_buf);
2259 		break;
2260 	case ICMP6_NI_QUERY:
2261 		printf("Node Information Query");
2262 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
2263 		ni = (struct icmp6_nodeinfo *)icp;
2264 		l = end - (u_char *)(ni + 1);
2265 		printf(", ");
2266 		switch (ntohs(ni->ni_qtype)) {
2267 		case NI_QTYPE_NOOP:
2268 			printf("NOOP");
2269 			break;
2270 		case NI_QTYPE_SUPTYPES:
2271 			printf("Supported qtypes");
2272 			break;
2273 		case NI_QTYPE_FQDN:
2274 			printf("DNS name");
2275 			break;
2276 		case NI_QTYPE_NODEADDR:
2277 			printf("nodeaddr");
2278 			break;
2279 		case NI_QTYPE_IPV4ADDR:
2280 			printf("IPv4 nodeaddr");
2281 			break;
2282 		default:
2283 			printf("unknown qtype");
2284 			break;
2285 		}
2286 		if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
2287 			switch (ni->ni_code) {
2288 			case ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_IPV6:
2289 				if (l == sizeof(struct in6_addr) &&
2290 				    inet_ntop(AF_INET6, ni + 1, ntop_buf,
2291 				    sizeof(ntop_buf)) != NULL) {
2292 					printf(", subject=%s(%s)",
2293 					    niqcode[ni->ni_code], ntop_buf);
2294 				} else {
2295 #if 1
2296 					/* backward compat to -W */
2297 					printf(", oldfqdn");
2298 #else
2299 					printf(", invalid");
2300 #endif
2301 				}
2302 				break;
2303 			case ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_FQDN:
2304 				if (end == (u_char *)(ni + 1)) {
2305 					printf(", no subject");
2306 					break;
2307 				}
2308 				printf(", subject=%s", niqcode[ni->ni_code]);
2309 				cp = (const u_char *)(ni + 1);
2310 				if (dnsdecode(&cp, end, NULL, dnsname,
2311 				    sizeof(dnsname)) != NULL)
2312 					printf("(%s)", dnsname);
2313 				else
2314 					printf("(invalid)");
2315 				break;
2316 			case ICMP6_NI_SUBJ_IPV4:
2317 				if (l == sizeof(struct in_addr) &&
2318 				    inet_ntop(AF_INET, ni + 1, ntop_buf,
2319 				    sizeof(ntop_buf)) != NULL) {
2320 					printf(", subject=%s(%s)",
2321 					    niqcode[ni->ni_code], ntop_buf);
2322 				} else
2323 					printf(", invalid");
2324 				break;
2325 			default:
2326 				printf(", invalid");
2327 				break;
2328 			}
2329 		}
2330 		break;
2331 	case ICMP6_NI_REPLY:
2332 		printf("Node Information Reply");
2333 		/* XXX ID + Seq + Data */
2334 		ni = (struct icmp6_nodeinfo *)icp;
2335 		printf(", ");
2336 		switch (ntohs(ni->ni_qtype)) {
2337 		case NI_QTYPE_NOOP:
2338 			printf("NOOP");
2339 			break;
2340 		case NI_QTYPE_SUPTYPES:
2341 			printf("Supported qtypes");
2342 			break;
2343 		case NI_QTYPE_FQDN:
2344 			printf("DNS name");
2345 			break;
2346 		case NI_QTYPE_NODEADDR:
2347 			printf("nodeaddr");
2348 			break;
2349 		case NI_QTYPE_IPV4ADDR:
2350 			printf("IPv4 nodeaddr");
2351 			break;
2352 		default:
2353 			printf("unknown qtype");
2354 			break;
2355 		}
2356 		if (options & F_VERBOSE) {
2357 			if (ni->ni_code > sizeof(nircode) / sizeof(nircode[0]))
2358 				printf(", invalid");
2359 			else
2360 				printf(", %s", nircode[ni->ni_code]);
2361 		}
2362 		break;
2363 	default:
2364 		printf("Bad ICMP type: %d", icp->icmp6_type);
2365 	}
2366 }
2367 
2368 /*
2369  * pr_iph --
2370  *	Print an IP6 header.
2371  */
2372 void
2373 pr_iph(struct ip6_hdr *ip6)
2374 {
2375 	u_int32_t flow = ip6->ip6_flow & IPV6_FLOWLABEL_MASK;
2376 	u_int8_t tc;
2377 	char ntop_buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
2378 
2379 	tc = *(&ip6->ip6_vfc + 1); /* XXX */
2380 	tc = (tc >> 4) & 0x0f;
2381 	tc |= (ip6->ip6_vfc << 4);
2382 
2383 	printf("Vr TC  Flow Plen Nxt Hlim\n");
2384 	printf(" %1x %02x %05x %04x  %02x   %02x\n",
2385 	    (ip6->ip6_vfc & IPV6_VERSION_MASK) >> 4, tc, (u_int32_t)ntohl(flow),
2386 	    ntohs(ip6->ip6_plen), ip6->ip6_nxt, ip6->ip6_hlim);
2387 	if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &ip6->ip6_src, ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf)))
2388 		strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
2389 	printf("%s->", ntop_buf);
2390 	if (!inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &ip6->ip6_dst, ntop_buf, sizeof(ntop_buf)))
2391 		strlcpy(ntop_buf, "?", sizeof(ntop_buf));
2392 	printf("%s\n", ntop_buf);
2393 }
2394 
2395 /*
2396  * pr_addr --
2397  *	Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with
2398  * a hostname.
2399  */
2400 const char *
2401 pr_addr(struct sockaddr *addr, int addrlen)
2402 {
2403 	static char buf[NI_MAXHOST];
2404 	int flag = 0;
2405 
2406 	if ((options & F_HOSTNAME) == 0)
2407 		flag |= NI_NUMERICHOST;
2408 
2409 	if (getnameinfo(addr, addrlen, buf, sizeof(buf), NULL, 0, flag) == 0)
2410 		return (buf);
2411 	else
2412 		return "?";
2413 }
2414 
2415 /*
2416  * pr_retip --
2417  *	Dump some info on a returned (via ICMPv6) IPv6 packet.
2418  */
2419 void
2420 pr_retip(struct ip6_hdr *ip6, u_char *end)
2421 {
2422 	u_char *cp = (u_char *)ip6, nh;
2423 	int hlen;
2424 
2425 	if (end - (u_char *)ip6 < (int)sizeof(*ip6)) {
2426 		printf("IP6");
2427 		goto trunc;
2428 	}
2429 	pr_iph(ip6);
2430 	hlen = sizeof(*ip6);
2431 
2432 	nh = ip6->ip6_nxt;
2433 	cp += hlen;
2434 	while (end - cp >= 8) {
2435 		switch (nh) {
2436 		case IPPROTO_HOPOPTS:
2437 			printf("HBH ");
2438 			hlen = (((struct ip6_hbh *)cp)->ip6h_len+1) << 3;
2439 			nh = ((struct ip6_hbh *)cp)->ip6h_nxt;
2440 			break;
2441 		case IPPROTO_DSTOPTS:
2442 			printf("DSTOPT ");
2443 			hlen = (((struct ip6_dest *)cp)->ip6d_len+1) << 3;
2444 			nh = ((struct ip6_dest *)cp)->ip6d_nxt;
2445 			break;
2446 		case IPPROTO_FRAGMENT:
2447 			printf("FRAG ");
2448 			hlen = sizeof(struct ip6_frag);
2449 			nh = ((struct ip6_frag *)cp)->ip6f_nxt;
2450 			break;
2451 		case IPPROTO_ROUTING:
2452 			printf("RTHDR ");
2453 			hlen = (((struct ip6_rthdr *)cp)->ip6r_len+1) << 3;
2454 			nh = ((struct ip6_rthdr *)cp)->ip6r_nxt;
2455 			break;
2456 #ifdef IPSEC
2457 		case IPPROTO_AH:
2458 			printf("AH ");
2459 			hlen = (((struct ah *)cp)->ah_len+2) << 2;
2460 			nh = ((struct ah *)cp)->ah_nxt;
2461 			break;
2462 #endif
2463 		case IPPROTO_ICMPV6:
2464 			printf("ICMP6: type = %d, code = %d\n",
2465 			    *cp, *(cp + 1));
2466 			return;
2467 		case IPPROTO_ESP:
2468 			printf("ESP\n");
2469 			return;
2470 		case IPPROTO_TCP:
2471 			printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
2472 			    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)),
2473 			    (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
2474 			return;
2475 		case IPPROTO_UDP:
2476 			printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n",
2477 			    (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)),
2478 			    (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3)));
2479 			return;
2480 		default:
2481 			printf("Unknown Header(%d)\n", nh);
2482 			return;
2483 		}
2484 
2485 		if ((cp += hlen) >= end)
2486 			goto trunc;
2487 	}
2488 	if (end - cp < 8)
2489 		goto trunc;
2490 
2491 	putchar('\n');
2492 	return;
2493 
2494   trunc:
2495 	printf("...\n");
2496 	return;
2497 }
2498 
2499 void
2500 fill(char *bp, char *patp)
2501 {
2502 	int ii, jj, kk;
2503 	int pat[16];
2504 	char *cp;
2505 
2506 	for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++)
2507 		if (!isxdigit(*cp))
2508 			errx(1, "patterns must be specified as hex digits");
2509 	ii = sscanf(patp,
2510 	    "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x",
2511 	    &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6],
2512 	    &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12],
2513 	    &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]);
2514 
2515 /* xxx */
2516 	if (ii > 0)
2517 		for (kk = 0;
2518 		    kk <= MAXDATALEN - (8 + (int)sizeof(struct tv32) + ii);
2519 		    kk += ii)
2520 			for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
2521 				bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj];
2522 	if (!(options & F_QUIET)) {
2523 		printf("PATTERN: 0x");
2524 		for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj)
2525 			printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF);
2526 		printf("\n");
2527 	}
2528 }
2529 
2530 #ifdef IPSEC
2531 #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC
2532 int
2533 setpolicy(int so __unused, char *policy)
2534 {
2535 	char *buf;
2536 
2537 	if (policy == NULL)
2538 		return 0;	/* ignore */
2539 
2540 	buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy, strlen(policy));
2541 	if (buf == NULL)
2542 		errx(1, "%s", ipsec_strerror());
2543 	if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_IPSEC_POLICY, buf,
2544 	    ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0)
2545 		warnx("Unable to set IPsec policy");
2546 	free(buf);
2547 
2548 	return 0;
2549 }
2550 #endif
2551 #endif
2552 
2553 char *
2554 nigroup(char *name)
2555 {
2556 	char *p;
2557 	char *q;
2558 	MD5_CTX ctxt;
2559 	u_int8_t digest[16];
2560 	u_int8_t c;
2561 	size_t l;
2562 	char hbuf[NI_MAXHOST];
2563 	struct in6_addr in6;
2564 
2565 	p = strchr(name, '.');
2566 	if (!p)
2567 		p = name + strlen(name);
2568 	l = p - name;
2569 	if (l > 63 || l > sizeof(hbuf) - 1)
2570 		return NULL;	/*label too long*/
2571 	strncpy(hbuf, name, l);
2572 	hbuf[(int)l] = '\0';
2573 
2574 	for (q = name; *q; q++) {
2575 		if (isupper(*(unsigned char *)q))
2576 			*q = tolower(*(unsigned char *)q);
2577 	}
2578 
2579 	/* generate 8 bytes of pseudo-random value. */
2580 	memset(&ctxt, 0, sizeof(ctxt));
2581 	MD5Init(&ctxt);
2582 	c = l & 0xff;
2583 	MD5Update(&ctxt, &c, sizeof(c));
2584 	MD5Update(&ctxt, (unsigned char *)name, l);
2585 	MD5Final(digest, &ctxt);
2586 
2587 	if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, "ff02::2:0000:0000", &in6) != 1)
2588 		return NULL;	/*XXX*/
2589 	bcopy(digest, &in6.s6_addr[12], 4);
2590 
2591 	if (inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &in6, hbuf, sizeof(hbuf)) == NULL)
2592 		return NULL;
2593 
2594 	return strdup(hbuf);
2595 }
2596 
2597 void
2598 usage(void)
2599 {
2600 	fprintf(stderr,
2601 #if defined(IPSEC) && !defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
2602 	    "A"
2603 #endif
2604 	    "usage: ping6 [-"
2605 	    "d"
2606 #if defined(IPSEC) && !defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
2607 	    "E"
2608 #endif
2609 	    "fH"
2610 #ifdef IPV6_USE_MIN_MTU
2611 	    "m"
2612 #endif
2613 	    "nNqtvwW] "
2614 	    "[-a addrtype] [-b bufsiz] [-c count] [-g gateway]\n"
2615 	    "             [-h hoplimit] [-I interface] [-i wait] [-l preload]"
2616 #if defined(IPSEC) && defined(IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC)
2617 	    " [-P policy]"
2618 #endif
2619 	    "\n"
2620 	    "             [-p pattern] [-S sourceaddr] [-s packetsize] "
2621 	    "[hops ...] host\n");
2622 	exit(1);
2623 }
2624