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IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 20.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 21.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 22.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 23.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 24.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 25.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 26.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" @(#)intro.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93 29.\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man3/intro.3,v 1.9.2.4 2001/08/17 13:08:36 ru Exp $ 30.\" 31.Dd May 29, 2010 32.Dt INTRO 3 33.Os 34.Sh NAME 35.Nm intro 36.Nd introduction to the C libraries 37.Sh DESCRIPTION 38This section provides an overview of the C 39library functions, their error returns and other 40common definitions and concepts. 41Most of these functions are available from the C library, 42.Em libc . 43.\" (see 44.\" .Xr libc 3 ) . 45Other libraries, such as the math library, 46.Em libm , 47must be indicated at compile time with the 48.Fl l 49option of the compiler. 50.\" .Pp 51.\" A subset of the 52.\" .Em libc functions 53.\" are available from Fortran; 54.\" they are described separately in 55.\" .Xr intro 3f . 56.Pp 57The various libraries (followed by the loader flag): 58.Bl -tag -width ".Em libc Pq Fl l Ns Ar c" 59.It Em libc Pq Fl l Ns Ar c 60Standard C library functions. 61.\" (See 62.\" .Xr libc 3 . ) 63When using the C compiler 64.Xr cc 1 , 65it is not necessary 66to supply the loader flag 67.Fl l Ns Ar c 68for these functions. 69There are several `libraries' or groups of functions included inside of 70.Em libc : 71the standard 72.Tn I/O 73routines, 74database routines, 75bit operators, 76string operators, 77character tests and character operators, 78des encryption routines, 79storage allocation, time functions, signal handling and more. 80.It Em libcurses Pq Fl l Ns Ar curses Fl l Ns Ar termcap 81Terminal independent screen management routines 82for two dimensional non-bitmap display terminals. 83(See 84.Xr ncurses 3 . ) 85.It Em libcompat Pq Fl l Ns Ar compat 86Functions which are obsolete but are available for compatibility with 87.Bx 4.3 . 88In particular, 89a number of system call interfaces provided in previous releases of 90.Bx 91have been included for source code compatibility. 92Use of these routines should, for the most part, be avoided. 93The manual page entry for each compatibility routine 94indicates the proper interface to use. 95.It Em libkvm Pq Fl l Ns Ar kvm 96Functions used to access kernel memory are in this library. They can be used 97against both a running system and a crash dump. 98(See 99.Xr kvm 3 . ) 100.It Em libl Pq Fl l Ns Ar l 101The library for 102.Xr lex 1 . 103.\" .It Em libln 104.It Em libm Pq Fl l Ns Ar m 105The math library, 106.Em libm . 107The math library is loaded as needed by the Pascal compiler, 108.\" .Xr pc 1 , 109but not by the C compiler which requires the 110.Fl l Ns Ar m 111flag. 112(See 113.Xr math 3 . ) 114.It Em libmp Pq Fl l Ns Ar mp 115.\" .It Em libom 116.\" Old math library. 117.\" .It Em libplot Pq Fl l Ns Ar plot 118.\" Device independent plotting functions. 119.\" (See 120.\" .Xr plot 3 . ) 121.\" .It Em libplotf77 Pq Fl l Ns Ar plotf77 122.\" The device independent plotting functions for fortran. 123.\" (See 124.\" .Xr plot 3 . ) 125.\" .It Em libresolv Pq Fl l Ns Ar resolv 126.\" Routines for network address resolution. 127.It Em libtermcap Pq Fl l Ns Ar termcap 128The terminal independent operation library package. 129(See 130.Xr termcap 3 . ) 131.\" .It libvt0.a 132.It Em liby Pq Fl l Ns Ar y 133The library for 134.Xr yacc 1 . 135.El 136.Sh FILES 137.Bl -tag -width /usr/lib/profile/libc.a -compact 138.It Pa /usr/lib/libc.a 139the C library 140.It Pa /usr/lib/profile/libc.a 141the C library compiled for profiling 142.It Pa /usr/lib/libm.a 143the math library 144.It Pa /usr/lib/profile/libm.a 145the math library compiled for profiling 146.El 147.Sh SEE ALSO 148.\" .Xr libc 3 , 149.Xr cc 1 , 150.Xr ld 1 , 151.Xr nm 1 , 152.Xr intro 2 , 153.Xr math 3 , 154.Xr stdio 3 155.\" .Sh LIST OF FUNCTIONS 156.\" .Bl -column "strncasecmpxxx" "system" 157.\" .Sy Name Description 158.\" .El 159.Sh HISTORY 160An 161.Nm 162manual appeared in 163.At v7 . 164