1.\" 2.\" Copyright (c) 2003 S�ren Schmidt <sos@FreeBSD.org> 3.\" All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7.\" are met: 8.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer, 10.\" without modification, immediately at the beginning of the file. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 15.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 16.\" 17.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 19.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 20.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 21.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 22.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 23.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 24.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 25.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 26.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man4/ata.4,v 1.72 2007/03/10 12:44:22 brueffer Exp $ 29.\" 30.Dd January 1, 2008 31.Dt NATA 4 32.Os 33.Sh NAME 34.Nm nata , 35.Nm acd , 36.Nm ad , 37.Nm afd , 38.Nm ast 39.Nd generic ATA/ATAPI disk controller driver 40.Sh SYNOPSIS 41For ISA based ATA/ATAPI support: 42.Cd device isa 43.Cd device nata0 at isa? port IO_WD1 irq 14 44.Cd device nata1 at isa? port IO_WD2 irq 15 45.Pp 46For PCI based ATA/ATAPI support: 47.Cd device pci 48.Cd device nata 49.Pp 50To support ATA compliant disk drives: 51.Cd device natadisk 52.Pp 53To support ATA software RAIDs: 54.Cd device nataraid 55.Pp 56To support ATAPI CDROM, DVD and CD/DVD burner drives: 57.Cd device natapicd 58.Pp 59To support ATAPI floppy drives: 60.Cd device natapifd 61.Pp 62To support ATAPI tape drives: 63.Cd device natapist 64.Pp 65The following tunables are settable from the loader: 66.Bl -ohang 67.It Va hw.ata.ata_dma 68set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA). 69.It Va hw.ata.atapi_dma 70set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA). 71.It Va hw.ata.wc 72set to 1 to enable Write Caching, 0 to disable (default is enabled). 73.Em WARNING : 74can cause data loss on power failures and crashes. 75.El 76.Sh DESCRIPTION 77The 78.Nm 79driver provides access to ATA (IDE) and SerialATA disk drives, 80ATAPI CDROM/DVD drives, ZIP/LS120 ATAPI drives and ATAPI tape drives 81connected to controllers according to the ATA/ATAPI standards. 82.Pp 83The currently supported ATA/SATA controller chips are: 84.Pp 85.Bl -tag -width "Silicon Image:" -compact 86.It Acard: 87ATP850P, ATP860A, ATP860R, ATP865A, ATP865R. 88.It ALI: 89M5229, M5281, M5287, M5288, M5289. 90.It AMD: 91AMD756, AMD766, AMD768, AMD8111. 92.It ATI: 93IXP200, IXP300, IXP400. 94.It CMD: 95CMD646, CMD646U2, CMD648, CMD649. 96.It Cypress: 97Cypress 82C693. 98.It Cyrix: 99Cyrix 5530. 100.It HighPoint: 101HPT302, HPT366, HPT368, HPT370, HPT371, HPT372, HPT372N, HPT374. 102.It Intel: 1036300ESB, 31244, PIIX, PIIX3, PIIX4, ESB2, ICH, ICH0, ICH2, ICH3, ICH4, ICH5, ICH6, ICH7, ICH8, ICH9. 104.It ITE: 105IT8211F, IT8212F. 106.It JMicron: 107JMB360, JMB361, JMB363, JMB365, JMB366, JMB368. 108.It Marvell 10988SX5040, 88SX5041, 88SX5080, 88SX5081, 88SX6041, 88SX6081, 88SX6101, 88SX6141. 110.It National: 111SC1100. 112.It NetCell: 113NC3000, NC5000. 114.It nVidia: 115nForce, nForce2, nForce2 MCP, nForce3, nForce3 MCP, nForce3 Pro, nForce4. 116.It Promise: 117PDC20246, PDC20262, PDC20263, PDC20265, PDC20267, PDC20268, PDC20269, PDC20270, PDC20271, PDC20275, PDC20276, PDC20277, PDC20318, PDC20319, PDC20371, PDC20375, PDC20376, PDC20377, PDC20378, PDC20379, PDC20571, PDC20575, PDC20579, PDC20580, PDC20617, PDC20618, PDC20619, PDC20620, PDC20621, PDC20622, PDC40518, PDC40519, PDC40718, PDC40719. 118.It ServerWorks: 119HT1000, ROSB4, CSB5, CSB6, K2, Frodo4, Frodo8. 120.It Silicon Image: 121SiI0680, SiI3112, SiI3114, SiI3124, SiI3132, SiI3512. 122.It SiS: 123SIS180, SIS181, SIS182, SIS5513, SIS530, SIS540, SIS550, SIS620, SIS630, SIS630S, SIS633, SIS635, SIS730, SIS733, SIS735, SIS745, SIS961, SIS962, SIS963, SIS964, SIS965. 124.It VIA: 125VT6410, VT6420, VT6421, VT82C586, VT82C586B, VT82C596, VT82C596B, VT82C686, VT82C686A, VT82C686B, VT8231, VT8233, VT8233A, VT8233C, VT8235, VT8237, VT8237A, VT8251. 126.El 127.Pp 128Unknown ATA chipsets are supported in PIO modes, and if the standard 129busmaster DMA registers are present and contain valid setup, DMA is 130also enabled, although the max mode is limited to UDMA33, as it is 131not known what the chipset can do and how to program it. 132.Pp 133The 134.Nm 135driver can change the transfer mode and various other parameters 136when the system is up and running. 137See 138.Xr natacontrol 8 . 139.Pp 140The 141.Nm 142driver sets the maximum transfer mode supported by the hardware as default. 143However the 144.Nm 145driver sometimes warns: 146.Dq Sy "DMA limited to UDMA33, non-ATA66 cable or device". 147This means that the 148.Nm 149driver has detected that the required 80 conductor cable is not present 150or could not be detected properly, or that one of the devices on the 151channel only accepts up to UDMA2/ATA33. 152.Pp 153Unknown ATAPI devices are initialized to DMA mode if the 154.Va hw.ata.atapi_dma 155tunable is set to 1 and they support at least UDMA33 transfers. 156Otherwise they are set to PIO mode because severe DMA problems are 157common even if the device capabilities indicate support. 158You can always try to set DMA mode on an ATAPI device using 159.Xr natacontrol 8 , 160but be aware that your hardware might 161.Em not 162support it and can potentially 163.Em hang 164the entire system causing data loss. 165.Sh FILES 166.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /sys/config/GENERIC" -compact 167.It Pa /dev/ad* 168ATA disk device nodes 169.It Pa /dev/ar* 170ATA RAID device nodes 171.It Pa /dev/acd* 172ATAPI CD-ROM device nodes 173.It Pa /dev/afd* 174ATAPI floppy drive device nodes 175.It Pa /dev/ast* 176ATAPI tape drive device nodes 177.It Pa /sys/config/GENERIC 178sample generic kernel config file for 179.Nm 180based systems 181.El 182.Sh NOTES 183Please remember that in order to use UDMA4/ATA66 and above modes you 184.Em must 185use 80 conductor cables. 186Please assure that ribbon cables are no longer than 45cm. 187In case of rounded ATA cables, the length depends on the quality of the cables. 188SATA cables can be up to 1m long according to the specification. 189.Pp 190Static device numbering (enabled with the 191.Dv ATA_STATIC_ID 192kernel option) reserves a number for each possibly connected disk, 193even when not present. 194This is useful in hotswap scenarios where disks should always show up 195as the same numbered device, and not depend on attach order. 196.Pp 197Native Command Queuing (NCQ) on SATA drives is not yet supported. 198.Sh SEE ALSO 199.Xr ahci 4 , 200.Xr natapicam 4 , 201.Xr nataraid 4 , 202.Xr sili 4 , 203.Xr burncd 8 , 204.Xr natacontrol 8 205.Sh HISTORY 206The 207.Xr ata 4 208driver first appeared in 209.Fx 4.0 . 210A later version was imported into 211.Dx 1.7 212as 213.Nm . 214.Sh AUTHORS 215.An S\(/oren Schmidt 216.Aq sos@FreeBSD.org . 217