1.\" Copyright (c) 2005-2010 Damien Bergamini <damien.bergamini@free.fr> 2.\" 3.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any 4.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above 5.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. 6.\" 7.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES 8.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 9.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR 10.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES 11.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN 12.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF 13.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. 14.\" 15.\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man4/ral.4,v 1.25 2012/11/17 01:50:46 svnexp Exp $ 16.\" 17.Dd May 15, 2014 18.Dt RAL 4 19.Os 20.Sh NAME 21.Nm ral 22.Nd "Ralink Technology IEEE 802.11a/g/n wireless network device" 23.Sh SYNOPSIS 24To compile this driver into the kernel, 25place the following lines in your 26kernel configuration file: 27.Bd -ragged -offset indent 28.Cd "device ral" 29.Cd "device ralfw" 30.Cd "device wlan" 31.Cd "device wlan_amrr" 32.Ed 33.Pp 34Alternatively, to load the driver as a 35module at boot time, place the following line in 36.Xr loader.conf 5 : 37.Bd -literal -offset indent 38if_ral_load="YES" 39.Ed 40.Sh DESCRIPTION 41The 42.Nm 43driver supports PCI/PCIe/CardBus wireless adapters based on the Ralink RT2500, 44RT2501, RT2600, RT2700, RT2800 and RT3090 chipsets. 45.Pp 46The RT2500 chipset is the first generation of 802.11b/g adapters from Ralink. 47It consists of two integrated chips, an RT2560 MAC/BBP and an RT2525 radio 48.Pp 49The RT2501 chipset is the second generation of 802.11a/b/g adapters from 50Ralink. 51It consists of two integrated chips, an RT2561 MAC/BBP and an RT2527 radio 52transceiver. 53This chipset provides support for the IEEE 802.11e standard with multiple 54hardware transmission queues and allows scatter/gather for efficient DMA 55operations. 56.Pp 57The RT2600 chipset consists of two integrated chips, an RT2661 MAC/BBP and an 58RT2529 radio transceiver. 59This chipset uses the MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) technology with 60multiple radio transceivers to extend the operating range of the adapter and 61to achieve higher throughput. 62However, the RT2600 chipset does not support any of the 802.11n features. 63.Pp 64The RT2700 chipset is a low-cost version of the RT2800 chipset. 65It supports a single transmit path and two receiver paths (1T2R). 66It consists of two integrated chips, an RT2760 or RT2790 (PCIe) MAC/BBP and 67an RT2720 (2.4GHz) or RT2750 (2.4GHz/5GHz) radio transceiver. 68.Pp 69The RT2800 chipset is the first generation of 802.11n adapters from Ralink. 70It consists of two integrated chips, an RT2860 or RT2890 (PCIe) MAC/BBP and 71an RT2820 (2.4GHz) or RT2850 (2.4GHz/5GHz) radio transceiver. 72The RT2800 chipset supports two transmit paths and up to three receiver 73paths (2T2R/2T3R). 74It can achieve speeds up to 144Mbps (20MHz bandwidth) and 300Mbps (40MHz 75bandwidth.) 76.Pp 77The RT3090 chipset is the first generation of single-chip 802.11n adapters 78from Ralink. 79.Nm 80supports 81.Cm station , 82.Cm adhoc , 83.Cm hostap , 84.Cm mesh , 85.Cm wds , 86and 87.Cm monitor 88mode operation. 89Only one 90.Cm hostap 91or 92.Cm mesh 93virtual interface may be configured at a time. 94Any number of 95.Cm wds 96virtual interfaces may be configured together with a 97.Cm hostap 98interface. 99Multiple 100.Cm station 101interfaces may be operated together with a 102.Cm hostap 103interface to construct a wireless repeater device. 104.Pp 105The transmit speed is user-selectable or can be adapted automatically by the 106driver depending on the number of hardware transmission retries. 107For more information on configuring this device, see 108.Xr ifconfig 8 . 109.Sh HARDWARE 110The 111.Nm 112driver supports PCI/PCIe/CardBus wireless adapters based on Ralink Technology 113chipsets, including: 114.Pp 115.Bl -column -compact ".Li Atlantis Land A02-PCM-W54" "RT2561S" "CardBus" 116.It Em Card Ta Em MAC/BBP Ta Em Bus 117.It "A-Link WL54H" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 118.It "A-Link WL54PC" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 119.It "AirLink101 AWLC5025" Ta RT2661 Ta CardBus 120.It "AirLink101 AWLH5025" Ta RT2661 Ta PCI 121.It "Amigo AWI-914W" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 122.It "Amigo AWI-922W" Ta RT2560 Ta mini-PCI 123.It "Amigo AWI-926W" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 124.It "AMIT WL531C" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 125.It "AMIT WL531P" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 126.It "AOpen AOI-831" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 127.It "ASUS WL-107G" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 128.It "ASUS WL-130g" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 129.It "Atlantis Land A02-PCI-W54" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 130.It "Atlantis Land A02-PCM-W54" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 131.It "Belkin F5D7000 v3" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 132.It "Belkin F5D7010 v2" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 133.It "Billionton MIWLGRL" Ta RT2560 Ta mini-PCI 134.It "Canyon CN-WF511" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 135.It "Canyon CN-WF513" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 136.It "CC&C WL-2102" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 137.It "CNet CWC-854" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 138.It "CNet CWP-854" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 139.It "Compex WL54G" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 140.It "Compex WLP54G" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 141.It "Conceptronic C54RC" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 142.It "Conceptronic C54Ri" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 143.It "Digitus DN-7001G-RA" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 144.It "Digitus DN-7006G-RA" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 145.It "E-Tech WGPC02" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 146.It "E-Tech WGPI02" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 147.It "Edimax EW-7108PCg" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 148.It "Edimax EW-7128g" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 149.It "Eminent EM3036" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 150.It "Eminent EM3037" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 151.It "Encore ENLWI-G-RLAM" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 152.It "Encore ENPWI-G-RLAM" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 153.It "Fiberline WL-400P" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 154.It "Fibreline WL-400X" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 155.It "Gigabyte GN-WI01GS" Ta RT2561S Ta mini-PCI 156.It "Gigabyte GN-WIKG" Ta RT2560 Ta mini-PCI 157.It "Gigabyte GN-WMKG" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 158.It "Gigabyte GN-WP01GS" Ta RT2561S Ta PCI 159.It "Gigabyte GN-WPKG" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 160.It "Hawking HWC54GR" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 161.It "Hawking HWP54GR" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 162.It "iNexQ CR054g-009 (R03)" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 163.It "JAHT WN-4054P" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 164.It "JAHT WN-4054PCI" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 165.It "LevelOne WNC-0301 v2" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 166.It "LevelOne WPC-0301 v2" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 167.It "Linksys WMP54G v4" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 168.It "Micronet SP906GK" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 169.It "Micronet SP908GK V3" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 170.It "Minitar MN54GCB-R" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 171.It "Minitar MN54GPC-R" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 172.It "MSI CB54G2" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 173.It "MSI MP54G2" Ta RT2560 Ta mini-PCI 174.It "MSI PC54G2" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 175.It "OvisLink EVO-W54PCI" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 176.It "PheeNet HWL-PCIG/RA" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 177.It "Pro-Nets CB80211G" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 178.It "Pro-Nets PC80211G" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 179.It "Repotec RP-WB7108" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 180.It "Repotec RP-WP0854" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 181.It "SATech SN-54C" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 182.It "SATech SN-54P" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 183.It "Sitecom WL-112" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 184.It "Sitecom WL-115" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 185.It "SMC SMCWCB-GM" Ta RT2661 Ta CardBus 186.It "SMC SMCWPCI-GM" Ta RT2661 Ta PCI 187.It "SparkLAN WL-685R" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 188.It "Surecom EP-9321-g" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 189.It "Surecom EP-9321-g1" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 190.It "Surecom EP-9428-g" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 191.It "Sweex LC500050" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 192.It "Sweex LC700030" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 193.It "TekComm NE-9321-g" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 194.It "TekComm NE-9428-g" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 195.It "Unex CR054g-R02" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 196.It "Unex MR054g-R02" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 197.It "Zinwell ZWX-G160" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 198.It "Zinwell ZWX-G360" Ta RT2560 Ta mini-PCI 199.It "Zinwell ZWX-G361" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 200.It "Zonet ZEW1500" Ta RT2560 Ta CardBus 201.It "Zonet ZEW1600" Ta RT2560 Ta PCI 202.El 203.Sh EXAMPLES 204Join an existing BSS network (i.e., connect to an access point): 205.Pp 206.Dl "ifconfig wlan create wlandev ral0 inet 192.168.0.20 netmask 0xffffff00" 207.Pp 208Join a specific BSS network with network name 209.Dq Li my_net : 210.Bd -literal -offset indent 211ifconfig wlan create wlandev ral0 inet 192.168.0.20 \e 212 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net 213.Ed 214.Pp 215Join a specific BSS network with 40-bit WEP encryption: 216.Bd -literal -offset indent 217ifconfig wlan create wlandev ral0 inet 192.168.0.20 \e 218 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net \e 219 wepmode on wepkey 0x1234567890 weptxkey 1 220.Ed 221.Pp 222Join a specific BSS network with 104-bit WEP encryption: 223.Bd -literal -offset indent 224ifconfig wlan create wlandev ral0 inet 192.168.0.20 \e 225 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net \e 226 wepmode on wepkey 0x01020304050607080910111213 weptxkey 1 227.Ed 228.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 229.Bl -diag 230.It "ral%d: could not load 8051 microcode" 231An error occurred while attempting to upload the microcode to the onboard 8051 232microcontroller unit. 233.It "ral%d: timeout waiting for MCU to initialize" 234The onboard 8051 microcontroller unit failed to initialize in time. 235.It "ral%d: device timeout" 236A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in time. 237The driver will reset the hardware. 238This should not happen. 239.El 240.Sh SEE ALSO 241.Xr cardbus 4 , 242.Xr ifmedia 4 , 243.Xr intro 4 , 244.Xr wlan 4 , 245.Xr wlan_ccmp 4 , 246.Xr wlan_tkip 4 , 247.Xr wlan_wep 4 , 248.Xr wlan_xauth 4 , 249.Xr hostapd 8 , 250.Xr ifconfig 8 , 251.Xr wpa_supplicant 8 , 252.Xr firmware 9 253.Rs 254.%T "Ralink Technology" 255.%O http://www.ralinktech.com/ 256.Re 257.Sh HISTORY 258The 259.Nm 260driver first appeared in 261.Ox 3.7 . 262Support for the RT2501 and RT2600 chipsets was added in 263.Ox 3.9 . 264Support for the RT2800 chipset was added in 265.Ox 4.3 . 266Support for the RT2700 chipset was added in 267.Ox 4.4 . 268Support for the RT3090 chipset was added in 269.Ox 4.9 . 270.Sh AUTHORS 271The original 272.Nm 273driver was written by 274.An Damien Bergamini Aq Mt damien@FreeBSD.org . 275.Sh CAVEATS 276The 277.Nm 278driver does not make use of the hardware cryptographic engine. 279.Pp 280The 281.Nm 282driver does not support any of the 802.11n capabilities offered by 283the RT2700 and RT2800 chipsets. 284Additional work is required in before those features can be supported. 285.Pp 286Host AP mode doesn't support power saving. 287Clients attempting to use power saving mode may experience significant 288packet loss (disabling power saving on the client will fix this). 289.Pp 290Some PCI 291.Nm 292adapters seem to strictly require a system supporting PCI 2.2 or greater and 293will likely not work in systems based on older revisions of the PCI 294specification. 295Check the board's PCI version before purchasing the card. 296