1.\" Copyright (c) 1997, 1998, 1999 2.\" Bill Paul <wpaul@ctr.columbia.edu>. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by Bill Paul. 15.\" 4. Neither the name of the author nor the names of any co-contributors 16.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 17.\" without specific prior written permission. 18.\" 19.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY Bill Paul AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 20.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 21.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 22.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL Bill Paul OR THE VOICES IN HIS HEAD 23.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR 24.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF 25.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS 26.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN 27.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) 28.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF 29.\" THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 30.\" 31.\" $FreeBSD: src/share/man/man4/wi.4,v 1.9.4.12 2003/03/03 18:59:15 trhodes Exp $ 32.\" $DragonFly: src/share/man/man4/wi.4,v 1.10 2008/02/01 21:40:53 swildner Exp $ 33.\" $OpenBSD: wi.4tbl,v 1.14 2002/04/29 19:53:50 jsyn Exp $ 34.\" 35.Dd May 2, 2002 36.Dt WI 4 37.Os 38.Sh NAME 39.Nm wi 40.Nd "WaveLAN/IEEE, PRISM-II and Spectrum24 802.11DS wireless network driver" 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42.Cd "device wi" 43.Sh DESCRIPTION 44The 45.Nm 46driver provides support for wireless network adapters based around 47the Lucent Hermes, Intersil PRISM-II, Intersil PRISM-2.5, and Symbol 48Spectrum24 chipsets. 49All four chipsets provide a similar interface to the driver. 50.Pp 51All host/device interaction is via programmed I/O. 52Supported features include 802.11 and 802.3 frames, power management, BSS, 53IBSS, WDS and old-style Lucent ad-hoc operation modes. 54Cards based on the Intersil PRISM-II and PRISM-2.5 chips also support a 55host-based access point mode which allows a card to act as a normal access 56point (with some assistance from the 57.Nm 58driver). 59The Lucent Hermes and Symbol Spectrum24 chipsets do not contain this 60functionality. 61PRISM-II and PRISM-2.5 chips do not support the WDS functionality. 62.Pp 63The 64.Nm 65driver encapsulates all IP and ARP traffic as 802.11 frames, however 66it can receive either 802.11 or 802.3 frames. 67Transmit speed is selectable between 1Mbps fixed, 2Mbps fixed, 2Mbps 68with auto fallback, 5.5Mbps, 8Mbps, or 11Mbps depending on your hardware. 69The Lucent WaveLAN/IEEE Silver and Gold cards as well as the Intersil 70and Symbol cards have support for WEP encryption. 71The WaveLAN Gold as well as newer Intersil and Symbol cards support 72104bit keys, the others only accept 40bit keys. 73The Lucent WaveLAN/IEEE Bronze cards do not support WEP at all. 74To enable encryption, use 75.Xr ifconfig 8 76as shown below. 77.Pp 78By default, the 79.Nm 80driver configures the card for BSS operation (aka infrastructure 81mode). 82This mode requires the use of an access point (base station). 83.Pp 84The 85.Nm 86driver also supports a point-to-point mode where the ssid is 87ignored and stations can communicate amongst themselves without the 88aid of an access point. 89Note that there are two possible point-to-point modes. 90One mode, referred to as 91.Dq "ad-hoc demo mode" , 92or 93.Dq "legacy Lucent ad-hoc mode" , 94predates the IEEE 802.11 specification and so may not interoperate 95with cards from different vendors. 96The standardized point-to-point mode, is called IBSS (or confusingly 97just ad-hoc mode), but is not supported by cards with very old 98firmware revisions. 99If your cards supports IBSS mode, it is recommended that you use it in 100preference to the 101.Dq "ad-hoc demo mode" 102in new installations. 103.Pp 104Cards based on the Intersil PRISM-II and PRISM-2.5 chips also 105have a host-based access point mode which allows the card to 106act as an access point (base station). 107Access points are different than operating in IBSS mode. 108They operate in BSS mode. 109They allow for easier roaming and bridge all ethernet traffic such 110that machines connected via an access point appear to be on the local 111ethernet segment. 112.Pp 113For more information on configuring this device, see 114.Xr ifconfig 8 . 115.Pp 116Cards supported by the 117.Nm 118driver come in a variety of packages, though the most common 119are of the PCMCIA type. 120In many cases, the PCI version of a wireless card is simply 121a PCMCIA card bundled with a PCI adapter. 122The PCI adapters come in two flavors: true PCMCIA bridges and 123dumb PCMCIA bridges. 124A true PCMCIA bridge (such as those sold by Lucent) will attach 125as a real PCMCIA controller. 126The wireless card will then attach to the PCMCIA bus. 127Wireless cards in PCMCIA slots may be inserted and ejected on the fly. 128.Pp 129A dumb bridge, on the other hand, does not show up as a true PCMCIA bus. 130The wireless card will simply appear to the host as a normal PCI 131device and will not require any PCMCIA support. 132Cards in this type of adapter should only be removed when the 133machine is powered down. 134.Pp 135The following cards are among those supported by the 136.Nm 137driver: 138.Pp 139.Bl -column -compact "Linksys Instant Wireless WPC11 2.5" "Spectrum24" "PCI or PCMCIA" 140.Em "Card Chip Bus" 1413Com AirConnect 3CRWE737A Spectrum24 PCMCIA 1423Com AirConnect 3CRWE777A Prism-II PCI 143ACTIONTEC HWC01170 Prism-2.5 PCMCIA 144Addtron AWP-100 Prism-II PCMCIA 145Adtec Adlink/340C Prism-II PCMCIA 146Agere Orinoco Hermes PCMCIA 147Avaya Wireless Prism-II PCMCIA 148Blue Concentric Circle WL-379F PRISM-II CF 149BreezeNet Wireless Prism-II PCMCIA 150Buffalo WLI-PCM-S11 Prism-II PCMCIA 151Buffalo WLI-PCM-L11G Hermes PCMCIA 152Buffalo WLI-CF-S11G Prism-II CF 153Cabletron RoamAbout Hermes PCMCIA 154Compaq Agency NC5004 Prism-II PCMCIA 155Compaq WL100 Prism-II PCMCIA 156Compaq WL110 Prism-II PCMCIA 157Compaq WL200 Prism-II PCMCIA 158Contec FLEXLAN/FX-DS110-PCC Prism-II PCMCIA 159Corega PCC-11 Prism-II PCMCIA 160Corega PCCA-11 Prism-II PCMCIA 161Corega PCCB-11 Prism-II PCMCIA 162Corega CGWLPCIA11 Prism-II PCI 163Dell TrueMobile 1150 Hermes PCMCIA 164Dlink DWL520 Prism-2.5 PCI 165Dlink DWL650 Prism-2.5 PCMCIA 166ELSA XI300 Prism-II PCMCIA 167ELSA XI800 Prism-II CF 168EMTAC A2424i Prism-II PCMCIA 169Ericsson Wireless LAN CARD C11 Spectrum24 PCMCIA 170Farallon Skyline Prism-II PCMCIA 171Gemtek WL-311 Prism-2.5 PCMCIA 172Hawking Technology WE110P Prism-2.5 PCMCIA 173Home Wireless Networks Prism-II PCMCIA 174IBM High Rate Wireless Hermes PCMCIA 175ICOM SL-1100 Prism-II PCMCIA 176I-O DATA WN-B11/PCM Prism-II PCMCIA 177Intel PRO/Wireless 2011 Spectrum24 PCMCIA 178Intersil Prism II Prism-II PCMCIA 179Intersil Mini-PCI Prism-2.5 PCI 180Linksys Instant Wireless WPC11 Prism-II PCMCIA 181Linksys Instant Wireless WPC11 2.5 Prism-2.5 PCMCIA 182Linksys Instant Wireless WPC11 3.0 Prism-3 PCMCIA 183Lucent WaveLAN Hermes PCMCIA 184Melco Airconnect Prism-II PCMCIA 185NANOSPEED ROOT-RZ2000 Prism-II PCMCIA 186NDC/Sohoware NCP130 Prism-II PCI 187NEC CMZ-RT-WP Prism-II PCMCIA 188NEC PK-WL001 Prism-II PCMCIA 189NEC PC-WL/11C PRISM-II PCMCIA 190Netgear MA401 Prism-II PCMCIA 191NTT-ME 11Mbps Wireless LAN Prism-II PCMCIA 192Planex GeoWave/GW-NS110 Prism-II PCMCIA 193Planex GW-NS11H Prism-II PCMCIA 194Proxim Harmony Prism-II PCMCIA 195Proxim RangeLAN-DS Prism-II PCMCIA 196Samsung MagicLAN SWL-2000N Prism-II PCMCIA 197SMC 2602 EZ Connect (3.3V) Prism-II PCI or PCMCIA 198SMC 2632 EZ Connect Prism-II PCMCIA 199Socket Low Power WLAN-CF Prism-II CF 200Sony PCWA-C100 Lucent PCMCIA 201Symbol Spectrum24 Spectrum24 PCMCIA 202Symbol LA-4100 Spectrum24 CF 203TDK LAK-CD011WL Prism-II PCMCIA 204Toshiba Wireless LAN Card Prism-II PCMCIA 205U.S. Robotics Wireless Card 2410 Prism-II PCMCIA 206.El 207.Pp 208Several vendors sell PCI adapters built around the PLX Technology 9050 209or 9052 chip. 210The following such adapters are supported or expected to work: 211.Pp 212.Bl -tag -compact 213.It 3Com AirConnect 3CRWE777A (3.3V) 214.It Belkin F5D6000 (a rebadged WL11000P) 215.It Eumitcom WL11000P 216.It Global Sun Technology GL24110P (untested) 217.It Global Sun Technology GL24110P02 218.It LinkSys WDT11 (a rebadged GL24110P02) 219.It Netgear MA301 220.It US Robotics 2415 (rebadged WL11000P) 221.El 222.Sh EXAMPLES 223Join an existing BSS network (ie: connect to an access point): 224.Pp 225.Dl "ifconfig wi0 inet 192.168.0.20 netmask 0xffffff00" 226.Pp 227Join a specific BSS network with network name 228.Dq Li my_net : 229.Pp 230.Dl "ifconfig wi0 inet 192.168.0.20 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net" 231.Pp 232Join a specific BSS network with WEP encryption: 233.Bd -literal -offset indent 234ifconfig wi0 inet 192.168.0.20 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net \e 235 wepmode on wepkey 0x8736639624 236.Ed 237.Pp 238Join a Lucent legacy demo ad-hoc network with network name 239.Dq Li my_net : 240.Bd -literal -offset indent 241ifconfig wi0 inet 192.168.0.20 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net \e 242 mediaopt adhoc 243.Ed 244.Pp 245Create an IBSS network with network name 246.Dq Li my_net : 247.Bd -literal -offset indent 248ifconfig wi0 inet 192.168.0.20 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net \e 249 mediaopt ibss-master 250.Ed 251.Pp 252.Em Note : 253The infrastructure for 254.Cm mediaopt ibss-master 255has not been committed yet. 256.Pp 257Join an IBSS network with network name 258.Dq Li my_net : 259.Bd -literal -offset indent 260ifconfig wi0 inet 192.168.0.22 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net \e 261 mediaopt ibss 262.Ed 263.Pp 264.Em Note : 265The infrastructure for 266.Cm mediaopt ibss 267has not been committed yet. 268.Pp 269Create a host-based access point (Prism only): 270.Bd -literal -offset indent 271ifconfig wi0 inet 192.168.0.10 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_ap \e 272 mediaopt hostap 273.Ed 274.Pp 275Create a host-based access point with WEP enabled (Prism only): 276.Bd -literal -offset indent 277ifconfig wi0 inet 192.168.0.10 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_ap \e 278 wepmode on wepkey 0x1234567890 mediaopt hostap 279.Ed 280.Pp 281Create a host-based wireless bridge to fxp0 (Prism only): 282.Bd -literal -offset indent 283Add BRIDGE to the kernel config. 284ifconfig wi0 inet up ssid my_ap mediaopt hostap 285sysctl net.link.ether.bridge=1 286sysctl net.link.ether.bridge_cfg="wi0 fxp0" 287sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 288.Ed 289.Pp 290This will give you approximately the same functionality as an access 291point. 292.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 293.Bl -diag 294.It "wi%d: init failed" 295The WaveLAN card failed to come ready after an initialization command 296was issued. 297.It "wi%d: failed to allocate %d bytes on NIC" 298The driver was unable to allocate memory for transmit frames in the 299NIC's on-board RAM. 300.It "wi%d: device timeout" 301The WaveLAN failed to generate an interrupt to acknowledge a transmit 302command. 303.El 304.Sh SEE ALSO 305.Xr an 4 , 306.Xr arp 4 , 307.Xr ifmedia 4 , 308.Xr netintro 4 , 309.Xr polling 4 , 310.Xr hostapd 8 , 311.Xr ifconfig 8 , 312.Xr wpa_supplicant 8 313.Rs 314.%T HCF Light programming specification 315.%O http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.wavelan.com 316.Re 317.Sh HISTORY 318The 319.Nm 320device driver first appeared in 321.Fx 3.0 . 322.Sh AUTHORS 323The 324.Nm 325driver was written by 326.An Bill Paul Aq wpaul@ctr.columbia.edu . 327This man page comes from 328.Ox . 329.Sh CAVEATS 330Different regulatory domains have different default channels for adhoc 331mode. 332See 333.Xr ifconfig 8 334for information on how to change the channel. 335.Pp 336The Intersil Prism family of chips' host-based access point mode has 337bugs for station firmware versions prior to 0.8.3. 338The driver currently precludes hostap functionality older station 339firmware. 340The best version of the station firmware for the Prism family of chips 341seems to be 1.4.9. 342Some users of Prism-II and 2.5 based cards report that station firmware 343version 1.3.4 works better for them in hostap than 1.4.9. 344Older versions of the Prism station firmware have a number of issues 345with hostap mode. 346The IBSS/adhoc mode appears to work well on station firmware 1.3.1 and 347later. 348The IBSS/adhoc mode appears to have problems for some people with 349older versions of station firmware. 350.Pp 351Lucent cards prior to firmware version 6.0.4 do not support IBSS 352mode. 353These cards support only the pre 802.11 mode known as 354.Dq "demo ad-hoc mode" 355which does not interoperate with stations in IBSS mode. 356.Sh BUGS 357Not all the new messages are documented here, and many of them are 358indications of transient errors that are not indications of serious 359problems. 360.Pp 361WL200 PCI wireless cards are based on a Cirrus Logic CL-PD6729 bridge 362chips glued to an intersil prism-II pcmcia chipset w/o the PC Card 363form factor being present. 364These chips are special and require special care to use properly. 365One must set 366.Va hw.pcic.pd6729_intr_path Ns = Ns Qq Li 2 367in 368.Pa /boot/loader.conf . 369This tells the pccard system to use PCI interrupts for this odd beast. 370It is not possible to know automatically which kind of interrupts to use. 371OLDCARD devices (pcic and card) support this device. 372