1The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2--------------------------------------------- 3 4First Edition (V1) 5 | 6Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | | | | 67FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | v | | | | | | 114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 121 | | | | | | | | | 122 | | | | | | | | | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 128FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 129 | | | | | | | | | 130 | | | | | | | | | 131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 134 | | | | | | | | 135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | (?) | | | | 137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 138 | | | | / | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 140 | | Mac OS X | | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 141 | | | | v | | 142 | | | | | | 143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | | 144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 147 | | | | | | | 148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 149 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | v 155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | 156 | | 10.2 | v | 157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | 158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 | 159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | 160 | | | | OpenBSD 3.2 161 | v | | | 162 | | | | 163FreeBSD 5.0 | | | 164 | | | | 165FreeBSD 5.0-current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current 166 | | | | 167 v v v v 168 169Time 170---------------- 171 172Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 173was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 174 175[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 176 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 177 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 178[APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/] 179[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 180[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 181[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 182[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 183 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 184[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 185 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 186[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 187 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 188 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 189[NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 190[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 191[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 192[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 193[USE] Usenet announcement. 194[WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 195[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 196 197Multics 1965 198UNIX Summer 1969 199 DEC PDP-7 200First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 201 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 202Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 203 10 UNIX installations 204Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 205 Pipes, 16 installations 206Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 207 rewriting in C effected, 208 above 30 installations 209Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 210 above 50 installations 211Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 212 port to DEC Vax 213Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 214 first portable UNIX 215Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 216 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 217 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 218 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 219 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 220 and networking part by the streams mechanism 221 222Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 223Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 224 2251BSD late 1977 226 1978-03-09 [QCU] 227 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 228 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 229 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 2302BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 231 75 2BSD tapes shipped 2322.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 2332.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 234 2352.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 236 set of performance improvements 2372.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 2382.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 2392.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 2402.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 2412.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 2422.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 2432.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 244 24532V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 2463BSD late 1979 [QCU] 247 virtual memory, page replacement, 248 demand paging 2494.0BSD 1980-10-xx 2504.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 2514.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 252 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 2534.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 2544.1cBSD late 1982 255 beta release, IPC [44B] 2564.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 257 1983-08-03 [DOC] 2584.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 259 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 2604.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 2614.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 262 1989-01-01 [DOC] 2634.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 2644.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 265 266BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 267 first code released to people outside BSDI 268386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 269BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 270BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 271386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 2724.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 273BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 274 first external gamma; G customers 275BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 276 would have been 1.0 except for request 277 for preliminary injunction 278BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 279 injunction denied; first official release 280NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 2814.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 282NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 283FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 284BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 2854.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 286FreeBSD 1.1 1994-04-xx [FBD] 287FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-xx [FBD] 288 supersedes 1.1.5 3 days after release. 289NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 290386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 291FreeBSD 2.0 1995-01-xx [FBD] 292BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 293FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 294BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 2954.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 296 the true final distribution from the CSRG 297FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 298NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 299BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 300FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 301NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 302OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 303FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 304FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 305Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 306FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 307BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 308FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 309FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 310FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 311NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 312OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 313FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 314OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 315NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 316FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 317NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 318BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 319OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 320NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 321FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 322BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 323 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 324FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 325 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 326 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 327 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 328FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 329OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 330NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 331FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 332BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 333NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 334FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 335OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 336NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 337FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 338OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 339FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 340BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 341FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 342NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 343OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 344FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 345FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 346FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 347FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 348FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 349NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 350BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 351OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 352NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 353Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 354FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 355OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 356NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 357NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 358FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 359Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 360OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 361FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 362BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 363OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 364FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 365NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 366FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 367Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 368NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 369FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 370OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 371FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 372 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 373 -current, similar to 3.0. 374FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 375 376 377Bibliography 378------------------------ 379 380Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 381Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 382System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 383 384Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 385Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 386 387McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 388Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 389System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 390 391Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 392 393Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 394Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 395Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 396 397Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 398URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm (unreachable) 399 400Andreas Klemm, Lars K�ller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 401Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 402 403BSD Release Announcements collection. 404URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 405 406BSD Hypertext Man Pages 407URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 408 409UNIX history graphing project 410URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 411 412UNIX history 413URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/ 414 415James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 416URL: http://www.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 417("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 418 419 420Acknowledgments 421--------------- 422 423Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 424original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 425 426Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 427 428-- 429Copyright (c) 1997-2001 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG> 430URL: ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/branches/-current/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 431 432$FreeBSD: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.21.2.14 2003/04/07 05:22:13 murray Exp $ 433$DragonFly: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:37:01 dillon Exp $ 434