1The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2--------------------------------------------- 3 4First Edition (V1) 5 | 6Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18Seventh Edition (V7) | 19 \ | 20 \ 1BSD 21 32V | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* 23 \ / | 24 \ / | 25 \/ | 26 3BSD | 27 | | 28 4.0BSD 2.7.9BSD 29 | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | | | | 67FreeBSD 1.0 NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / / | \ | 71FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' / | \ | 72 | / | / | \ | 73FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | / | \ | 74 | / NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | NetBSD 1.1 ------. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | v | | | | | | 114 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 115 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 117 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 118 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 119 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 120 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 121 | | | | | | | | | 122 | | | | | | | | | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 125 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 126 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 127 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 128FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 129 | | | | | | | | | 130 | | | | | | | | | 131 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 134 | | | | | | | | 135 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | (?) | | | | 137 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 138 | | | | / | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 140 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 141 | | | | | | 142 | | | | | | 143 | | 10.0 NetBSD 1.5 | | 144 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 145 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 146 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 147 | | | | | | | 148 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 149 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 150 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 151 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 152 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 153 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 154 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | | 155 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | 156 | | 10.2 | | | 157 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 158 | | | NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 | 159 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | | 160 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | | 161 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0 162 | | \ | | | | | 163 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 164 | | | | | | | 165 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 | 166 | | | | | | | 167 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5 168 | | | | | v | 169 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | | 170 | | | | | | 171 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | | 172 | | | | | | 173 | v `-|------|-----------------|---------------------. 174 | | | | \ 175FreeBSD 5.0 | | | | 176 | | | | | 177FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0 178 | \ | | | | 179 | ----- Mac OS X | | | 180 | 10.3 | | | 181FreeBSD 5.2 | | | | 182 | | | | | | 183 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | | 184 | | | | | 185 *---FreeBSD 5.3 | | | | 186 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 | 187 | | | NetBSD 2.0 | | 188 | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0 189 | | Mac OS X | | NetBSD 2.0.2 | | 190 | FreeBSD 5.4 10.4 | | | | | 191 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 | 192 | V | | | NetBSD 2.0.3 | | 193 | | | | | | | 194 *---FreeBSD 6.0 | | | v OpenBSD 3.8 | 195 | | | | | | | 196 | | | | \ | | 197 | | | | NetBSD 2.1 | | 198 | | | | | | 199 | | | NetBSD 3.0 | | 200 | | | | | DragonFly 1.4.0 201 | | | | OpenBSD 3.9 | 202 | FreeBSD 6.1 | | | | 203 | | | | | | 204 | V | | | | 205FreeBSD 7 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current | 206 | | | | | 207 v v v v v 208 209Time 210---------------- 211 212Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it 213was the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 214 215[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, 216 and John Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of 217 the 4.4BSD Operating System. 218[APL] Apple website [http://www.apple.com/macosx/] 219[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 220[DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The. 221[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 222[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 223[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, 224 Volume 11, Info 4, April, 1987. 225[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 226 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 227[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. 228 Changes in the Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software 229 Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, July, 1983. 230[NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 231[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 232[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. 233[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 234[USE] Usenet announcement. 235[WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 236[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 237 238Multics 1965 239UNIX Summer 1969 240 DEC PDP-7 241First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 242 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 243Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 244 10 UNIX installations 245Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 246 Pipes, 16 installations 247Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 248 rewriting in C effected, 249 above 30 installations 250Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 251 above 50 installations 252Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 253 port to DEC Vax 254Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 255 first portable UNIX 256Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 257 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 258 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 259 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 260 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 261 and networking part by the streams mechanism 262 263Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 264Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 265 2661BSD late 1977 267 1978-03-09 [QCU] 268 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 269 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 270 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 2712BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 272 75 2BSD tapes shipped 2732.7.9BSD ?? [SMS] 2742.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 275 2762.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 277 set of performance improvements 2782.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 2792.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx 2802.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 2812.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 2822.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 2832.11BSD 1992-02-xx [SMS] 2842.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 285 28632V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 2873BSD late 1979 [QCU] 288 virtual memory, page replacement, 289 demand paging 2904.0BSD 1980-10-xx 2914.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 2924.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 293 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 2944.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 2954.1cBSD late 1982 296 beta release, IPC [44B] 2974.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 298 1983-08-03 [DOC] 2994.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 300 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 3014.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 3024.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 303 1989-01-01 [DOC] 3044.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 3054.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 306 307BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 308 first code released to people outside BSDI 309386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 310BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 311BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 312386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 3134.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 314BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 315 first external gamma; G customers 316BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 317 would have been 1.0 except for request 318 for preliminary injunction 319BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 320 injunction denied; first official release 321NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 3224.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 323NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 324FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 325BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 3264.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 327FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD] 328FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD] 329FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD] 330 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release. 331NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 332386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 333FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD] 334BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 335FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 336BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 3374.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 338 the true final distribution from the CSRG 339FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 340NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 341BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 342FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 343NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 344OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 345FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 346FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 347Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 348FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 349BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 350FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 351FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 352FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 353NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 354OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 355FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 356OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 357NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 358FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 359NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 360BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 361OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 362NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 363FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 364BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 365 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 366FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 367 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 368 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 369 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 370FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 371OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 372NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 373FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 374BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 375NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 376FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 377OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 378NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 379FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 380OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 381FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 382BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 383FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 384NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 385OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 386FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 387FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 388FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 389FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 390FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 391NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 392BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 393OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 394NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 395Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 396FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 397OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 398NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 399NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 400FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 401Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 402OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 403FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 404BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 405OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 406FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 407NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 408FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 409Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 410NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 411FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 412OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 413FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 414 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 415 -current, similar to 3.0. 416FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 417NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release) 418OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD] 419BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS] 420FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD] 421Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL] 422FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD] 423BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version) 424OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD] 425FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD] 426FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release) 427NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release) 428OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD] 429FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD] 430DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB] 431OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD] 432FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD] 433NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD] 434FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD] 435DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB] 436NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release) 437Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL] 438FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD] 439OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD] 440NetBSD 2.0.3 2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release) 441OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD] 442FreeBSD 6.0 2005-11-01 [FBD] 443NetBSD 2.1 2005-11-02 [NBD] 444NetBSD 3.0 2005-12-23 [NBD] 445DragonFly 1.4.0 2006-01-08 [DFB] 446OpenBSD 3.9 2006-05-01 [OBD] 447FreeBSD 6.1 2005-05-08 [FBD] 448 449Bibliography 450------------------------ 451 452Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 453Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 454System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 455 456Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 457Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 458 459McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 460Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 461System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 462 463McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and 464Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System. 465Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2 466 467Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 468 469Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 470Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 471Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 472 473Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 474URL: http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm 475 476Andreas Klemm, Lars K�ller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 477Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 478 479BSD Release Announcements collection. 480URL: http://www.de.FreeBSD.org/de/ftp/releases/ 481 482BSD Hypertext Man Pages 483URL: http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi 484 485UNIX history graphing project 486URL: http://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/index.html 487 488UNIX history 489URL: http://www.levenez.com/unix/ 490 491James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 492URL: http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 493("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 494 495 496Acknowledgments 497--------------- 498 499Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 500original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 501 502Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 503 504-- 505Copyright (c) 1997-2004 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.ORG> 506URL: http://cvsweb.freebsd.org/src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 507 508$FreeBSD: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.103 2006/05/09 09:04:03 maxim Exp $ 509$DragonFly: src/share/misc/bsd-family-tree,v 1.8 2006/05/10 15:18:29 swildner Exp $ 510