1# tzdb data for Africa and environs 2 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 8# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 9# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 10 11# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27): 12# 13# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 14# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 15# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 16# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 17# 18# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 19# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 20# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 21# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 22# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 23# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 24# 25# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 27# I found in the UCLA library. 28# 29# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 30# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 31# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 32# 33# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 34# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 35# 36# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 37# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 38# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 39# for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 40# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 41# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 42# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 43# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 44# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 45# 46# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 47# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 48# +02 CAT Central Africa Time 49# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 50# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 51# +01 WAT West Africa Time 52# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 53# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 54# cannot now come up with solid citations. 55# 56# I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s: 57# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 58# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time 59# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time 60# +03 EAT East Africa Time 61# 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though 62# the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps, 63# they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 64# Corrections are welcome. 65 66# Algeria 67# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 68Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 69Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 70Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 71Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 72Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 73Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 74Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 75Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 76Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 77Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 78Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 79Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 80Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 81Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 82Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 83Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 84Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 85Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 86Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 87Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 88Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 89Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 90# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions. 91# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 92Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 16 93 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 94 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 95 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 96 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 97 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 98 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 99 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 100 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 101 1:00 - CET 102 103# Angola 104# Benin 105# See Africa/Lagos. 106 107# Botswana 108# See Africa/Maputo. 109 110# Burkina Faso 111# See Africa/Abidjan. 112 113# Burundi 114# See Africa/Maputo. 115 116# Cameroon 117# See Africa/Lagos. 118 119# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 120# 121# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 122# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. 123# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 124# (see Europe/Lisbon). 125# 126# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 127Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia 128 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep 129 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 130 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 131 -1:00 - -01 132 133# Central African Republic 134# See Africa/Lagos. 135 136# Chad 137# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 138Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 139 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 140 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 141 1:00 - WAT 142 143# Comoros 144# See Africa/Nairobi. 145 146# Democratic Republic of the Congo 147# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. 148 149# Republic of the Congo 150# See Africa/Lagos. 151 152# Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 153# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 154Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 155 0:00 - GMT 156Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 157Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 158Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 159Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 160Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 161Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 162Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 163Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 164Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 165 166# Djibouti 167# See Africa/Nairobi. 168 169############################################################################### 170 171# Egypt 172 173# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 174# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 175# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 176# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 177 178# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 179Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 180Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 181Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 182Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 183Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 184Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 185Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 186Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 187Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 188Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 189Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 190Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 191Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 192Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 193Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 194Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 195Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 196Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 197Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 198# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 199# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 200 201# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 202# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 203# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 204# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 205# 206# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 207# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 208# or 209# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 210Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 211Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 212# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 213# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 214# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 215# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 216# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 217Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 218# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 219# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 220# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 221# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 222# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 223# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 224# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 225# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 226Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 227# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 228# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 229# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 230# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 231# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 232# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 233# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 234# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 235# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 236 237# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 238# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 239# 240# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 241# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 242# Apr 23 243# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 244# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 245# Apr 24 246# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 247# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 248# Aug 27 249# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 250# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 251# Aug 27 252# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 253# 254# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 255# :59) 256# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 257# 258# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 259# 260# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 261# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 262# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 263 264# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 265# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 266# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 267# in September. 268 269# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 270# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 271# Information and Decision Support Center: 272# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 273# 274# The Middle East News Agency 275# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 276# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 277# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 278# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 279# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 280# (at least today). 281 282# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 283# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 284# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 285# Ramadan. 286# 287# Arabic translation: 288# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 289# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 290# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 291 292# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 293# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 294# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 295 296# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 297# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 298 299# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 300# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 301# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 302# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 303# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 304# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 305# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 306# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 307# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 308# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 309# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 310# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 311 312# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 313# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 314# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 315# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 316# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 317# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 318 319# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 320# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 321# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 322# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 323# dates not yet announced.... 324# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 325# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 326 327# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 328# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 329# least for 2015. 330# 331# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 332# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 333# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 334# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 335# practice altogether in future years." 336# 337# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 338# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 339# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 340# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 341 342# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 343# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 344# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 345# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 346# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 347 348Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 349Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 350Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 351Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 352Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 353Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 354Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 355Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 356Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 357 358# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 359Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 360 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 361 362# Equatorial Guinea 363# See Africa/Lagos. 364 365# Eritrea 366# See Africa/Nairobi. 367 368# Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) 369# See Africa/Johannesburg. 370 371# Ethiopia 372# See Africa/Nairobi. 373# 374# Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia, 375# as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian 376# timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See: 377# Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double 378# check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05. 379# https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time 380 381# Gabon 382# See Africa/Lagos. 383 384# Gambia 385# See Africa/Abidjan. 386 387# Ghana 388 389# From Paul Eggert (2018-01-30): 390# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 391# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942 with 20 minutes of DST, 392# with transitions on 09-01 and 12-31 at 00:00. 393# Page 33 of Parish GCB, Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 1066. Gold 394# Coast. Report for 1919. (March 1921), OCLC 784024077 395# http://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/africana/books2011-05/5530214/5530214_1919/5530214_1919_opt.pdf 396# lists the Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919, No. 18, 397# "to advance the time observed locally by the space of twenty minutes 398# during the last four months of each year; the object in view being 399# to extend during those months the period of daylight-time available 400# for evening recreation after office hours." 401# Vanessa Ogle, The Global Transformation of Time, 1870-1950 (2015), p 33, 402# writes "In 1919, the Gold Coast (Ghana as of 1957) made Greenwich 403# time its legal time and simultaneously legalized a summer time of 404# UTC - 00:20 minutes from March to October."; a footnote lists 405# the ordinance as being dated 1919-11-24. 406# The Crown Colonist, Volume 12 (1942), p 176, says "the Government 407# intend advancing Gold Coast time half an hour ahead of G.M.T. 408# The actual date of the alteration has not yet been announced." 409# These sources are incomplete and contradictory. Possibly what is 410# now Ghana observed different DST regimes in different years. For 411# lack of better info, use Shanks except treat the minus sign as a 412# typo, and assume DST started in 1920 not 1936. 413# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 414Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 - 415Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 416# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 417Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 418 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020 419 420# Guinea 421# See Africa/Abidjan. 422 423# Guinea-Bissau 424# 425# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 426# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 427# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 428# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. 429# 430# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 431Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u 432 -1:00 - -01 1975 433 0:00 - GMT 434 435# Kenya 436# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 437Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 438 3:00 - EAT 1930 439 2:30 - +0230 1940 440 2:45 - +0245 1960 441 3:00 - EAT 442Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia 443Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea 444Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania 445Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti 446Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda 447Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia 448Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar 449Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro 450Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte 451 452# Lesotho 453# See Africa/Johannesburg. 454 455# Liberia 456# 457# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 458# 459# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 460# 461# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 462# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 463# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 464# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 465# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 466# Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 467# 468# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric 469# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 470# 471# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 472Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 473 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 474 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 475 0:00 - GMT 476 477############################################################################### 478 479# Libya 480 481# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 482# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 483# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 484# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 485# 486# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 487# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 488# 489# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 490# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 491# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 492# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 493# lastFri instead of lastSun). 494 495# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 496# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 497# cancelled yesterday.... 498# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 499# 500# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 501# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 502 503# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 504Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 505Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 506Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 507Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 508Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 509Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 510Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 511Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 512Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 513Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 514Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 515Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 516Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 517Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 518Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 519Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 520Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 521# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 522Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 523 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 524 2:00 - EET 1982 525 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 526# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 527# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 528 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 529 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 530 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 531 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 532 2:00 - EET 533 534# Madagascar 535# See Africa/Nairobi. 536 537# Malawi 538# See Africa/Maputo. 539 540# Mali 541# Mauritania 542# See Africa/Abidjan. 543 544# Mauritius 545 546# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 547# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 548# basis.... 549# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 550# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 551# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 552 553# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 554# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 555 556# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 557# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 558# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 559# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 560 561# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 562# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 563 564# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 565# According to 566# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 567# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 568# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 569# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 570# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 571# 572# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 573# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 574# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 575# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 576# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 577# changes two days later. 578 579# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 580# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 581# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 582# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 583# 584# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 585# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 586# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 587# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 588 589# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 590# The Government of Mauritius weblink 591# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 592# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 593# 594# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 595# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 596# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 597# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 598# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 599# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 600# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 601# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 602# and end on 29 March 2009. 603 604# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 605# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 606# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 607# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 608# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 609 610# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 611# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 612# DST the coming summer... 613# 614# Some sources, in French: 615# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 616# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 617# 618# Our wrap-up: 619# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 620 621# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 622# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 623# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 624# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 625 626# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 627Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - 628Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 629Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 630Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 631# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 632Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 633 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 634# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 635# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 636 637# Mayotte 638# See Africa/Nairobi. 639 640# Morocco 641# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 642 643# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 644# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 645# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 646# 647# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 648# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 649# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 650# 651# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 652# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 653 654# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 655# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 656# Presse: 657# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 658# 659# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 660# spokesman. 661 662# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 663# According to this article: 664# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 665# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 666# the changes occur at midnight: 667# 668# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 669# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 670# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 671# 672# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 673# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 674# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 675# June 1st to Sept 27th. 676# 677# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 678# published on the web. 679# 680# It's also confirmed here: 681# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 682# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 683# posted in English). 684# 685# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 686# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 687 688# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 689# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 690# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 691# of September: 692# 693# One article about it (in French): 694# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 695# 696# We have some further details posted here: 697# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 698 699# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 700# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 701# to many sources, such as 702# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 703# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 704# (French) 705# 706# Our summary: 707# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 708 709# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 710# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 711# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 712# 713# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 714# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 715# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 716# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 717# 718# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 719# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 720 721# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 722# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 723# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 724# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 725# 726# Example: 727# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 728# (French) 729# Our page: 730# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 731 732# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 733# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 734# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 735# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 736# ...Official links of change in morocco 737# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 738# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 739# +212.537.71.84.00 740# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 741# They said that 742# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 743# is the official publication to look at. 744# They said that the decision was already taken. 745# 746# More articles in the press 747# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 748# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 749# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 750 751# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 752# They have it written in English here: 753# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 754# 755# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 756# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 757# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 758# also been like that in the past. 759 760# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 761# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 762# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: 763# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été 764# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 765# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 766# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 767# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 768# except the month of Ramadan. 769# or (brief) 770# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 771 772# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 773# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 774# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 775# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 776# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 777# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 778 779# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 780# Seen Morocco change again: 781# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 782# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 783# comme annoncé précédemment." 784 785# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 786# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 787# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 788# 789# Google translation, lightly edited: 790# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 791# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 792# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 793# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 794# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 795# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 796# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 797# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 798# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 799 800# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 801# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 802# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 803# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 804# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 805# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 806 807# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 808# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 809# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 810# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 811 812# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 813# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 814# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 815# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 816# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 817# source (French): 818# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 819# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 820# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 821 822# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 823# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 824 825# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 826# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 827# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 828# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 829# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 830 831# From Milamber (2015-06-08): 832# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 833# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 834# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 835# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 836# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 837# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 838# Source (french): 839# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 840# 841# From Milamber (2015-06-09): 842# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 843# 844# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 845# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 846# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 847# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 848# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 849# with the patch. 850 851# From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26): 852# Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition 853# of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone. 854# From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28): 855# http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf 856# 857# From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01): 858# We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1 859# the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision 860# about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case, 861# as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing 862# that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan. 863# https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan 864 865# From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16): 866# Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am. 867# The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am.... 868# http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222 869 870# From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14): 871# Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to 872# GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and 873# the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m.... 874# https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/ 875# http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1 876# 877# From Milamber (2020-05-31) 878# In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by 879# the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with 880# traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.). So for this 881# year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in 882# the calc. These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by 883# people to have a time shift during these 2 days off. Perhaps you can modify 884# the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable) 885# Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time 886# shift will be the next weekend. 887# 888# From Paul Eggert (2020-05-31): 889# For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00 890# the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the 891# first Sunday after two days after Ramadan. To implement this, 892# transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by 893# running the following program under GNU Emacs 26.3. (This algorithm 894# also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018, 895# though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.) 896# (let ((islamic-year 1440)) 897# (require 'cal-islam) 898# (while (< islamic-year 1511) 899# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 900# (b (+ 2 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))) 901# (sunday 0)) 902# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 903# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 904# (setq b (1+ b))) 905# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 906# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 907# (insert 908# (format 909# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n" 910# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n") 911# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 912# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 913# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 914 915# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 916Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 - 917Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 918Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 - 919Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 920Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 - 921Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 922Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 - 923Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 924Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 - 925Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 926Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 927Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 928Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 929Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 930Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 931Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 932Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 933Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 934Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 935Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 - 936Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 937Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 - 938Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 939Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 940Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 941Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 - 942Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 943Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 944Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 - 945Rule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 946Rule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 947Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 948Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 - 949Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 950Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 - 951Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 952Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 - 953Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 954Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 - 955Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 956Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 - 957Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 - 958Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 - 959Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 - 960Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 31 2:00 0 - 961Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 - 962Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 - 963Rule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 - 964Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 - 965Rule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 - 966Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 30 2:00 0 - 967Rule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 - 968Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 - 969Rule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 - 970Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 - 971Rule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 - 972Rule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 - 973Rule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 - 974Rule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 - 975Rule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 - 976Rule Morocco 2028 only - Mar 5 2:00 0 - 977Rule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 - 978Rule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 - 979Rule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 - 980Rule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 - 981Rule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 - 982Rule Morocco 2031 only - Feb 2 2:00 0 - 983Rule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 - 984Rule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 - 985Rule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 - 986Rule Morocco 2033 only - Jan 9 2:00 0 - 987Rule Morocco 2033 only - Nov 20 3:00 -1:00 - 988Rule Morocco 2033 only - Dec 25 2:00 0 - 989Rule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 - 990Rule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 - 991Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 - 992Rule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 9 2:00 0 - 993Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 - 994Rule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 - 995Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 - 996Rule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 - 997Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 26 3:00 -1:00 - 998Rule Morocco 2038 only - Nov 7 2:00 0 - 999Rule Morocco 2039 only - Sep 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1000Rule Morocco 2039 only - Oct 23 2:00 0 - 1001Rule Morocco 2040 only - Sep 2 3:00 -1:00 - 1002Rule Morocco 2040 only - Oct 14 2:00 0 - 1003Rule Morocco 2041 only - Aug 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1004Rule Morocco 2041 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1005Rule Morocco 2042 only - Aug 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1006Rule Morocco 2042 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 - 1007Rule Morocco 2043 only - Aug 2 3:00 -1:00 - 1008Rule Morocco 2043 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 - 1009Rule Morocco 2044 only - Jul 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1010Rule Morocco 2044 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 - 1011Rule Morocco 2045 only - Jul 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1012Rule Morocco 2045 only - Aug 20 2:00 0 - 1013Rule Morocco 2046 only - Jul 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1014Rule Morocco 2046 only - Aug 12 2:00 0 - 1015Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jun 23 3:00 -1:00 - 1016Rule Morocco 2047 only - Jul 28 2:00 0 - 1017Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jun 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1018Rule Morocco 2048 only - Jul 19 2:00 0 - 1019Rule Morocco 2049 only - May 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1020Rule Morocco 2049 only - Jul 4 2:00 0 - 1021Rule Morocco 2050 only - May 15 3:00 -1:00 - 1022Rule Morocco 2050 only - Jun 26 2:00 0 - 1023Rule Morocco 2051 only - May 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1024Rule Morocco 2051 only - Jun 18 2:00 0 - 1025Rule Morocco 2052 only - Apr 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1026Rule Morocco 2052 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 - 1027Rule Morocco 2053 only - Apr 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1028Rule Morocco 2053 only - May 25 2:00 0 - 1029Rule Morocco 2054 only - Apr 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1030Rule Morocco 2054 only - May 17 2:00 0 - 1031Rule Morocco 2055 only - Mar 28 3:00 -1:00 - 1032Rule Morocco 2055 only - May 2 2:00 0 - 1033Rule Morocco 2056 only - Mar 12 3:00 -1:00 - 1034Rule Morocco 2056 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 1035Rule Morocco 2057 only - Mar 4 3:00 -1:00 - 1036Rule Morocco 2057 only - Apr 8 2:00 0 - 1037Rule Morocco 2058 only - Feb 17 3:00 -1:00 - 1038Rule Morocco 2058 only - Mar 31 2:00 0 - 1039Rule Morocco 2059 only - Feb 9 3:00 -1:00 - 1040Rule Morocco 2059 only - Mar 23 2:00 0 - 1041Rule Morocco 2060 only - Feb 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1042Rule Morocco 2060 only - Mar 7 2:00 0 - 1043Rule Morocco 2061 only - Jan 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1044Rule Morocco 2061 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 - 1045Rule Morocco 2062 only - Jan 8 3:00 -1:00 - 1046Rule Morocco 2062 only - Feb 19 2:00 0 - 1047Rule Morocco 2062 only - Dec 31 3:00 -1:00 - 1048Rule Morocco 2063 only - Feb 4 2:00 0 - 1049Rule Morocco 2063 only - Dec 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1050Rule Morocco 2064 only - Jan 27 2:00 0 - 1051Rule Morocco 2064 only - Dec 7 3:00 -1:00 - 1052Rule Morocco 2065 only - Jan 11 2:00 0 - 1053Rule Morocco 2065 only - Nov 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1054Rule Morocco 2066 only - Jan 3 2:00 0 - 1055Rule Morocco 2066 only - Nov 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1056Rule Morocco 2066 only - Dec 26 2:00 0 - 1057Rule Morocco 2067 only - Nov 6 3:00 -1:00 - 1058Rule Morocco 2067 only - Dec 11 2:00 0 - 1059Rule Morocco 2068 only - Oct 21 3:00 -1:00 - 1060Rule Morocco 2068 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 - 1061Rule Morocco 2069 only - Oct 13 3:00 -1:00 - 1062Rule Morocco 2069 only - Nov 24 2:00 0 - 1063Rule Morocco 2070 only - Oct 5 3:00 -1:00 - 1064Rule Morocco 2070 only - Nov 9 2:00 0 - 1065Rule Morocco 2071 only - Sep 20 3:00 -1:00 - 1066Rule Morocco 2071 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 - 1067Rule Morocco 2072 only - Sep 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1068Rule Morocco 2072 only - Oct 16 2:00 0 - 1069Rule Morocco 2073 only - Aug 27 3:00 -1:00 - 1070Rule Morocco 2073 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 1071Rule Morocco 2074 only - Aug 19 3:00 -1:00 - 1072Rule Morocco 2074 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1073Rule Morocco 2075 only - Aug 11 3:00 -1:00 - 1074Rule Morocco 2075 only - Sep 15 2:00 0 - 1075Rule Morocco 2076 only - Jul 26 3:00 -1:00 - 1076Rule Morocco 2076 only - Sep 6 2:00 0 - 1077Rule Morocco 2077 only - Jul 18 3:00 -1:00 - 1078Rule Morocco 2077 only - Aug 29 2:00 0 - 1079Rule Morocco 2078 only - Jul 10 3:00 -1:00 - 1080Rule Morocco 2078 only - Aug 14 2:00 0 - 1081Rule Morocco 2079 only - Jun 25 3:00 -1:00 - 1082Rule Morocco 2079 only - Aug 6 2:00 0 - 1083Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jun 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1084Rule Morocco 2080 only - Jul 21 2:00 0 - 1085Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jun 1 3:00 -1:00 - 1086Rule Morocco 2081 only - Jul 13 2:00 0 - 1087Rule Morocco 2082 only - May 24 3:00 -1:00 - 1088Rule Morocco 2082 only - Jul 5 2:00 0 - 1089Rule Morocco 2083 only - May 16 3:00 -1:00 - 1090Rule Morocco 2083 only - Jun 20 2:00 0 - 1091Rule Morocco 2084 only - Apr 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1092Rule Morocco 2084 only - Jun 11 2:00 0 - 1093Rule Morocco 2085 only - Apr 22 3:00 -1:00 - 1094Rule Morocco 2085 only - Jun 3 2:00 0 - 1095Rule Morocco 2086 only - Apr 14 3:00 -1:00 - 1096Rule Morocco 2086 only - May 19 2:00 0 - 1097Rule Morocco 2087 only - Mar 30 3:00 -1:00 - 1098Rule Morocco 2087 only - May 11 2:00 0 - 1099# For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that 1100# Morocco will no longer observe DST. At some point this table will 1101# need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the 1102# rules first. 1103 1104# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1105Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 1106 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 1984 Mar 16 1107 1:00 - +01 1986 1108 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1109 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 1110 1111# Western Sahara 1112# 1113# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 1114# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 1115# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 1116# Morocco does. 1117# 1118# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 1119# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 1120# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 1121 1122Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún 1123 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 1124 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 1125 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 1126 1127# Mozambique 1128# 1129# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 1130# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 1131# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 1132# merely made it official? 1133# 1134# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1135Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 1136 2:00 - CAT 1137Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi 1138Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi 1139Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana 1140Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe 1141Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda 1142Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo 1143Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia 1144 1145 1146# Namibia 1147 1148# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 1149# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 1150# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 1151# and includes this nugget: 1152# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 1153# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 1154# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 1155# Sunday 4 September 1994. 1156 1157# From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): 1158# ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" 1159# (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... 1160 1161# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 1162# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 1163# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 1164# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1165# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1166# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1167# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1168# of the country. 1169# 1170# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 1171# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 1172# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 1173# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1174# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 1175# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 1176 1177# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 1178# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 1179# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1180# This video is from the government decision: 1181# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 1182# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 1183# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 1184# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 1185 1186# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): 1187# Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. 1188# However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: 1189# http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 1190# https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia 1191# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1192# Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible 1193# with Namibia's neighbors. 1194 1195# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1196# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1197Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT 1198Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT 1199Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT 1200# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1201#Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT 1202#Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT 1203#Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT 1204# End of rearguard section. 1205 1206# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1207Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1208 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar 1209 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1210 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1211 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1212# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1213 2:00 Namibia %s 1214# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 1215# 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1216# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): 1217# The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: 1218# http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf 1219# 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 1220# 2:00 - CAT 1221# End of rearguard section. 1222 1223# Niger 1224# See Africa/Lagos. 1225 1226# Nigeria 1227# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1228Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1229 1:00 - WAT 1230Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 1231Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 1232Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 1233Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 1234Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 1235Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 1236Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 1237Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 1238Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 1239 1240# Réunion 1241# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1242Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1243 4:00 - +04 1244# 1245# Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1246# 1247# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows. 1248# The following information about them is taken from 1249# Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1250# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1251# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1252# 1253# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1254# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1255# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1256# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1257# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1258 1259# Rwanda 1260# See Africa/Maputo. 1261 1262# St Helena 1263# See Africa/Abidjan. 1264# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1265# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1266# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1267# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1268# on GMT, says the CIA 1269# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1270 1271# São Tomé and Príncipe 1272 1273# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 1274 1275# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1276# Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1277# they entered the year 2018. 1278# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1279# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1280# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1281 1282# From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29): 1283# São Tomé and Príncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019: 1284# https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/ 1285# 1286# From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30): 1287# https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818 1288# ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal 1289# coordinated time, will be restituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.] 1290 1291Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1292 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 1293 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1294 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00 1295 0:00 - GMT 1296 1297# Senegal 1298# See Africa/Abidjan. 1299 1300# Seychelles 1301# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1302Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1303 4:00 - +04 1304# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1305# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1306# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1307# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1308# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1309# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1310 1311# Sierra Leone 1312# See Africa/Abidjan. 1313 1314# Somalia 1315# See Africa/Nairobi. 1316 1317# South Africa 1318# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1319Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1320Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1321# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1322Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1323 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1324 2:00 SA SAST 1325Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho 1326Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Eswatini 1327# 1328# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1329# scientific station since 1947 1330# no information 1331 1332# Sudan 1333 1334# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1335# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1336# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1337# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1338# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1339# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1340 1341# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1342# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1343# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1344# 1345# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1346# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1347# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1348# Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1349# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1350 1351# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1352Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1353Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1354Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1355Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1356# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1357Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1358 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1359 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1360 2:00 - CAT 1361 1362# South Sudan 1363# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1364Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1365 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1366 3:00 - EAT 1367 1368# Tanzania 1369# See Africa/Nairobi. 1370 1371# Togo 1372# See Africa/Abidjan. 1373 1374# Tunisia 1375 1376# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1377# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1378# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1379# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1380# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1381# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1382# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1383# Saturday." (My translation) 1384# 1385# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1386# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1387# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1388# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1389# 1h standard time. 1390# 1391# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1392# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1393# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1394# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1395# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1396 1397# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1398# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1399# (Arabic) 1400# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1401# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1402# 1403# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1404# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1405# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1406 1407# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1408# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1409# 1410# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1411# 1412# (in English) 1413# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1414# 1415# (in Arabic) 1416# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1417 1418# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1419# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1420# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1421# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1422# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1423# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1424 1425# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1426# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1427# 1428# (translation): 1429# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1430# Sunday... 1431# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1432# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1433# 1434# (in Arabic) 1435# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1436# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1437# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1438 1439# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1440Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1441Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1442Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1443Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1444Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1445Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1446Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1447Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1448Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1449Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1450Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1451Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1452Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1453Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1454Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1455Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1456Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1457Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1458Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1459Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1460Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1461Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1462Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1463Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1464Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1465 1466# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions. 1467# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1468Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1469 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1470 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1471 1472# Uganda 1473# See Africa/Nairobi. 1474 1475# Zambia 1476# Zimbabwe 1477# See Africa/Maputo. 1478