1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 7# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 8 9# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 10# 11# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 15# 16# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 17# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 19# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 20# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 21# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 22# 23# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 25# I found in the UCLA library. 26# 27# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 28# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 29# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 30# 31# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 32# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 33# 34# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 35# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 36# but Mark R V Murray reports that 37# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 38# 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 39# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 40# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 41# He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference. 42# 43# To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 44# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 45# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 46# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 47# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 48# 49# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 50# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 51# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 52# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 53# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 54# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 55# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 56# I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 57# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 58# until we get more information. 59# 60# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 61# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 62# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 63# 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 64# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 65# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 66# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 67 68# Algeria 69# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 70Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 71Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 72Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 73Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 74Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 75Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 76Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 77Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 78Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 79Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 80Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 81Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 82Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 83Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 84Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 85Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 86Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 87Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 88Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 89Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 90Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 91Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 92# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 93# more precise 0:09:21. 94# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 95Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 96 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 97 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 98 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 99 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 100 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 101 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 102 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 103 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 104 1:00 - CET 105 106# Angola 107# Benin 108# See Africa/Lagos. 109 110# Botswana 111# See Africa/Maputo. 112 113# Burkina Faso 114# See Africa/Abidjan. 115 116# Burundi 117# See Africa/Maputo. 118 119# Cameroon 120# See Africa/Lagos. 121 122# Cape Verde 123# 124# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT. 125# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 126# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 127# merely made it official? 128# 129# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 130Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 131 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 132 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 133 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 134 -1:00 - CVT 135 136# Central African Republic 137# See Africa/Lagos. 138 139# Chad 140# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 141Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 142 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 143 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 144 1:00 - WAT 145 146# Comoros 147# See Africa/Nairobi. 148 149# Democratic Republic of the Congo 150# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. 151 152# Republic of the Congo 153# See Africa/Lagos. 154 155# Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 156# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 157Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 158 0:00 - GMT 159Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 160Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 161Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 162Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 163Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 164Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 165Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 166Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 167Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # São Tomé and Príncipe 168Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 169 170# Djibouti 171# See Africa/Nairobi. 172 173############################################################################### 174 175# Egypt 176 177# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 178# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 179# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 180# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 181 182# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 183Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 184Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 185Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 186Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 187Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 188Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 189Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 190Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 191Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 192Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 193Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 194Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 195Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 196Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 197Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 198Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 199Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 200Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 201Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 202# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 203# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 204 205# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 206# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 207# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 208# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 209# 210# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 211# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 212# or 213# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 214Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 215Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 216# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 217# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 218# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 219# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 220# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 221Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 222# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 223# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 224# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 225# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 226# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 227# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 228# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 229# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 230Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 231# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 232# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 233# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 234# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 235# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 236# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 237# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 238# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 239# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 240 241# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 242# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 243# 244# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 245# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 246# Apr 23 247# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 248# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 249# Apr 24 250# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 251# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 252# Aug 27 253# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 254# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 255# Aug 27 256# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 257# 258# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 259# :59) 260# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 261# 262# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 263# 264# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 265# [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 266# [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 267 268# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 269# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 270# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 271# in September. 272 273# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 274# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 275# Information and Decision Support Center: 276# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 277# 278# The Middle East News Agency 279# http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 280# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 281# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 282# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 283# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 284# (at least today). 285 286# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 287# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 288# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 289# Ramadan. 290# 291# Arabic translation: 292# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 293# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 294# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 295 296# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 297# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 298# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 299 300# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 301# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 302 303# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 304# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 305# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 306# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 307# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 308# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 309# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 310# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 311# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 312# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 313# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 314# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 315 316# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 317# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 318# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 319# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 320# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 321# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 322# 323# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 324# 2010's rules, and guess that Egypt will switch to standard time at 325# 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 00:00 the 326# first Friday after Ramadan. To implement this, 327# transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were determined by running 328# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the results integrated 329# by hand into the table below. Ramadan again intrudes on the guessed 330# DST starting in 2038, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff. 331# (let ((islamic-year 1436)) 332# (while (< islamic-year 1460) 333# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 334# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 335# (friday 5)) 336# (while (/= friday (mod a 7)) 337# (setq a (1- a))) 338# (while (/= friday (mod b 7)) 339# (setq b (1+ b))) 340# (setq a (1- a)) 341# (setq b (1- b)) 342# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 343# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 344# (insert 345# (format 346# (concat "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n" 347# "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\tS\n") 348# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 349# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 350# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 351Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 352Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 353Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 354Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 355Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 356Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 357Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 358Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 359Rule Egypt 2014 max - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 360Rule Egypt 2015 2019 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 361Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jun 11 24:00 0 - 362Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jul 23 24:00 1:00 S 363Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jun 2 24:00 0 - 364Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jul 7 24:00 1:00 S 365Rule Egypt 2017 only - May 25 24:00 0 - 366Rule Egypt 2017 only - Jun 29 24:00 1:00 S 367Rule Egypt 2018 only - May 10 24:00 0 - 368Rule Egypt 2018 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S 369Rule Egypt 2019 only - May 2 24:00 0 - 370Rule Egypt 2019 only - Jun 6 24:00 1:00 S 371Rule Egypt 2020 only - May 28 24:00 1:00 S 372Rule Egypt 2021 only - May 13 24:00 1:00 S 373Rule Egypt 2022 only - May 5 24:00 1:00 S 374Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 375 376# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 377Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 378 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 379 380# Equatorial Guinea 381# See Africa/Lagos. 382 383# Eritrea 384# Ethiopia 385# See Africa/Nairobi. 386 387# Gabon 388# See Africa/Lagos. 389 390# Gambia 391# See Africa/Abidjan. 392 393# Ghana 394# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 395# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 396# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942; 397# and September 1 to January 1 is given by: 398# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book, 399# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii. 400# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942. 401Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 402Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 403# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 404Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 405 0:00 Ghana %s 406 407# Guinea 408# See Africa/Abidjan. 409 410# Guinea-Bissau 411# 412# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 413# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 414# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 415# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01. 416# 417# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 418Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 419 -1:00 - WAT 1975 420 0:00 - GMT 421 422# Kenya 423# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 424Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 425 3:00 - EAT 1930 426 2:30 - BEAT 1940 427 2:45 - BEAUT 1960 428 3:00 - EAT 429Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia 430Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea 431Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania 432Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti 433Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda 434Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia 435Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar 436Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro 437Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte 438 439# Lesotho 440# See Africa/Johannesburg. 441 442# Liberia 443# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 444# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 445# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 446# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 447# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 448# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 449# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 450# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 451# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 452Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 453 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 454 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 455 0:00 - GMT 456 457############################################################################### 458 459# Libya 460 461# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 462# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 463# http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 464# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 465# 466# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 467# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 468# 469# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 470# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 471# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 472# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 473# lastFri instead of lastSun). 474 475# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 476# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 477# cancelled yesterday.... 478# http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 479# 480# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 481# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2. 482 483# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 484Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 485Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 486Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 487Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 488Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 489Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 490Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 491Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 492Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 493Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 494Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 495Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 496Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 497Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 498Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 499Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 500Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 501# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 502Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 503 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 504 2:00 - EET 1982 505 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 506# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 507# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 508 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 509 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 510 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 511 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 512 2:00 - EET 513 514# Madagascar 515# See Africa/Nairobi. 516 517# Malawi 518# See Africa/Maputo. 519 520# Mali 521# Mauritania 522# See Africa/Abidjan. 523 524# Mauritius 525 526# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 527# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 528# basis.... 529# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 530# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 531# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 532 533# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 534# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 535 536# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 537# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 538# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 539# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 540 541# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 542# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 543 544# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 545# According to 546# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 547# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 548# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 549# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 550# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 551# 552# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 553# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 554# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 555# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 556# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 557# changes two days later. 558 559# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 560# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 561# time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 562# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 563# 564# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 565# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 566# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 567# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 568 569# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 570# The Government of Mauritius weblink 571# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 572# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 573# 574# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 575# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 576# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 577# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 578# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 579# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 580# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 581# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 582# and end on 29 March 2009. 583 584# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 585# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 586# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 587# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 588# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 589 590# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 591# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 592# DST the coming summer... 593# 594# Some sources, in French: 595# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 596# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 597# 598# Our wrap-up: 599# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 600 601# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 602# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 603# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 604# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 605 606# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 607Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 608Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 609Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 610Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 611# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 612Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 613 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time 614# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 615# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 616 617# Mayotte 618# See Africa/Nairobi. 619 620# Morocco 621# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 622 623# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 624# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 625# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 626# 627# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 628# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 629# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 630# 631# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 632# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 633 634# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 635# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 636# Presse: 637# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 638# 639# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 640# spokesman. 641 642# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 643# According to this article: 644# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 645# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 646# the changes occur at midnight: 647# 648# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 649# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 650# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 651# 652# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 653# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 654# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 655# June 1st to Sept 27th. 656# 657# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 658# published on the web. 659# 660# It's also confirmed here: 661# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 662# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 663# posted in English). 664# 665# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 666# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 667 668# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 669# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 670# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 671# of September: 672# 673# One article about it (in French): 674# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 675# 676# We have some further details posted here: 677# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 678 679# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 680# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 681# to many sources, such as 682# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 683# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 684# (French) 685# 686# Our summary: 687# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 688 689# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 690# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 691# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 692# 693# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967) 694# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 695# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 696# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 697# 698# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 699# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 700 701# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 702# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 703# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 704# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 705# 706# Example: 707# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 708# (French) 709# Our page: 710# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 711 712# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 713# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 714# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 715# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 716# ...Official links of change in morocco 717# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 718# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 719# +212.537.71.84.00 720# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 721# They said that 722# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 723# is the official publication to look at. 724# They said that the decision was already taken. 725# 726# More articles in the press 727# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 728# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 729# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 730 731# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 732# They have it written in English here: 733# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 734# 735# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 736# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 737# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 738# also been like that in the past. 739 740# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 741# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 742# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: 743# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été 744# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 745# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 746# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 747# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 748# except the month of Ramadan. 749# or (brief) 750# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 751 752# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 753# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 754# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 755# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 756# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 757# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 758 759# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 760# Seen Morocco change again: 761# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 762# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 763# comme annoncé précédemment." 764 765# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 766# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 767# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 768# 769# Google translation, lightly edited: 770# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 771# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 772# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 773# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 774# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 775# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 776# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 777# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 778# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 779 780# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 781# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 782# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 783# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 784# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 785# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 786 787# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 788# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 789# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 790# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 791 792# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 793# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 794# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 795# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 796# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 797# source (French): 798# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 799# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 800# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 801 802# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 803# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 804 805# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 806# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 807# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 808# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 809# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 810 811# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-05): 812# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2014's rules, 813# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last 814# Saturday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after 815# Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were 816# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the 817# results integrated by hand into the table below. 818# (let ((islamic-year 1436)) 819# (while (< islamic-year 1460) 820# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 821# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 822# (saturday 6)) 823# (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 824# (while (/= saturday (mod b 7)) 825# (setq b (1+ b))) 826# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 827# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 828# (insert 829# (format 830# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 831# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 832# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 833# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 834# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 835 836# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 837 838Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 839Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 840Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 841Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 842Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 843Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 844Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 845Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 846Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 847Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 848Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 849Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 850Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 851Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 852Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 853Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 854Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 855Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 856Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 857Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 858Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 859Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 860Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 - 861Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 862Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 863Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 864Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 865Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 866Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 867Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 868Rule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 869Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 870Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S 871Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 13 3:00 0 - 872Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S 873Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 4 3:00 0 - 874Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 9 2:00 1:00 S 875Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 20 3:00 0 - 876Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 877Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 12 3:00 0 - 878Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 16 2:00 1:00 S 879Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 4 3:00 0 - 880Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 8 2:00 1:00 S 881Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 18 3:00 0 - 882Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 30 2:00 1:00 S 883Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 884Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 S 885Rule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 2 3:00 0 - 886Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 7 2:00 1:00 S 887Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S 888Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 13 2:00 1:00 S 889Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S 890Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 891Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 27 3:00 0 - 892Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 18 3:00 0 - 893Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 10 3:00 0 - 894 895# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 896Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 897 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 898 1:00 - CET 1986 899 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 900 901# Western Sahara 902# 903# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 904# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 905# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 906# Morocco does. 907# 908# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 909# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 910# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 911 912Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún 913 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 914 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 915 916# Mozambique 917# 918# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 919# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 920# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 921# merely made it official? 922# 923# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 924Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 925 2:00 - CAT 926Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi 927Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi 928Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana 929Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe 930Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda 931Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo 932Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia 933 934# Namibia 935# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 936# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 937 938# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 939# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 940# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 941# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 942# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 943# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 944# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 945# of the country. 946# 947# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): 948# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but 949# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 950 951# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 952Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 953Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 954# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 955Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 956 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 957 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 958 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 959 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 960 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 961 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 962 963# Niger 964# See Africa/Lagos. 965 966# Nigeria 967# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 968Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 969 1:00 - WAT 970Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 971Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 972Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 973Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 974Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 975Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 976Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 977Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 978Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 979 980# Réunion 981# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 982Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 983 4:00 - RET # Réunion Time 984# 985# Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file. 986# 987# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows. 988# The following information about them is taken from 989# Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 990# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 991# We have no info about their time zone histories. 992# 993# Bassas da India - uninhabited 994# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 995# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 996# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 997# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 998 999# Rwanda 1000# See Africa/Maputo. 1001 1002# St Helena 1003# See Africa/Abidjan. 1004# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1005# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1006# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1007# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1008# on GMT, says the CIA 1009# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1010 1011# São Tomé and Príncipe 1012# Senegal 1013# See Africa/Abidjan. 1014 1015# Seychelles 1016# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1017Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1018 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 1019# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1020# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1021# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1022# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1023# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1024# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1025 1026# Sierra Leone 1027# See Africa/Abidjan. 1028 1029# Somalia 1030# See Africa/Nairobi. 1031 1032# South Africa 1033# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1034Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1035Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1036# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1037Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1038 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1039 2:00 SA SAST 1040Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho 1041Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland 1042# 1043# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1044# scientific station since 1947 1045# no information 1046 1047# Sudan 1048# 1049# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1050# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1051# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1052# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1053# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1054# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1055# 1056# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1057Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1058Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1059Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1060Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1061# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1062Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1063 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1064 3:00 - EAT 1065 1066# South Sudan 1067Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba 1068 1069# Swaziland 1070# See Africa/Johannesburg. 1071 1072# Tanzania 1073# See Africa/Nairobi. 1074 1075# Togo 1076# See Africa/Abidjan. 1077 1078# Tunisia 1079 1080# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1081# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1082# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1083# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1084# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1085# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1086# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1087# Saturday." (My translation) 1088# 1089# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1090# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1091# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1092# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1093# 1h standard time. 1094# 1095# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1096# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1097# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1098# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1099# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1100 1101# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1102# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1103# (Arabic) 1104# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1105# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1106# 1107# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1108# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1109# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1110 1111# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1112# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1113# 1114# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1115# 1116# (in English) 1117# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1118# 1119# (in Arabic) 1120# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1121 1122# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1123# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1124# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1125# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1126# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1127# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1128 1129# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1130# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1131# 1132# (translation): 1133# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1134# Sunday... 1135# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1136# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1137# 1138# (in Arabic) 1139# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1140# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1141# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1142 1143# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1144Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1145Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1146Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1147Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1148Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1149Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1150Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1151Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1152Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1153Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1154Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1155Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1156Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1157Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1158Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1159Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1160Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1161Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1162Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1163Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1164Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1165Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1166Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1167Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1168Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1169 1170# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1171# more precise 0:09:21. 1172# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1173# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1174Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1175 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1176 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1177 1178# Uganda 1179# See Africa/Nairobi. 1180 1181# Zambia 1182# Zimbabwe 1183# See Africa/Maputo. 1184