1# @(#)africa 8.18 2# <pre> 3 4# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 7 8# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 9# 10# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 11# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 12# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 13# 14# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 15# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 16# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 17# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 18# of the IATA's data after 1990. 19# 20# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 21# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 22# 23# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 25# I found in the UCLA library. 26# 27# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 28# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 29# 30# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 31# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 32# but Mark R V Murray reports that 33# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 34# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 35# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 36# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''. 37# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference. 38# 39# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 40# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 41# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 42# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 43# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 44# 45# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 46# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 47# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 48# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 49# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 50# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 51# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 52# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 53# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 54# until we get more information. 55# 56# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 57# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 58# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 59# 2:44:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 60# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 61# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 62# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 63# 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 64 65# Algeria 66# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 67Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 68Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 69Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 70Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 71Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 72Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 73Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 74Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 75Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 76Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 77Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 78Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 79Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 80Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 81Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 82Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 83Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 84Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 85Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 86Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 87Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 88Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 89# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 90# more precise 0:09:21. 91# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 92Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 93 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 94 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 95 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 96 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 97 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 98 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 99 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 100 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 101 1:00 - CET 102 103# Angola 104# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 105Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 106 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time 107 1:00 - WAT 108 109# Benin 110# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; 111# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 112# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 113Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 114 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 115 1:00 - WAT 116 117# Botswana 118# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 119Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 120 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 121 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 122 2:00 - CAT 123 124# Burkina Faso 125# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 126Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 127 0:00 - GMT 128 129# Burundi 130# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 131Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 132 2:00 - CAT 133 134# Cameroon 135# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 136# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 137Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 138 1:00 - WAT 139 140# Cape Verde 141# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 142Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 143 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 144 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 145 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 146 -1:00 - CVT 147 148# Central African Republic 149# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 150Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 151 1:00 - WAT 152 153# Chad 154# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 155Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 156 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 157 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 158 1:00 - WAT 159 160# Comoros 161# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 162Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 163 3:00 - EAT 164 165# Democratic Republic of Congo 166# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 167Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 168 1:00 - WAT 169Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 170 2:00 - CAT 171 172# Republic of the Congo 173# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 174Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 175 1:00 - WAT 176 177# Cote D'Ivoire 178# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 179Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 180 0:00 - GMT 181 182# Djibouti 183# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 184Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 185 3:00 - EAT 186 187############################################################################### 188 189# Egypt 190 191# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 192Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 193Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 194Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 195Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 196Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 197Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 198Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 199Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 200Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 201Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 202Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 203Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 204Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 205Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 206Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 207Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 208Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 209Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 210Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 211# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 212# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 213Rule Egypt 1995 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 214Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 - 215# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 216# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 217# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 218# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 219# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 220Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 - 221# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 222# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 223# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 224# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 225# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 226# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 227# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 228# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 229Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 23:00s 0 - 230# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 231# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 232# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 233# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 234# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 235# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 236# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 237# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 238# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 239Rule Egypt 2008 max - Aug lastThu 23:00s 0 - 240 241# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 242Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct 243 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 244 245# Equatorial Guinea 246# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 247Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 248 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 249 1:00 - WAT 250 251# Eritrea 252# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 253Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 254 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 255 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 256 3:00 - EAT 257 258# Ethiopia 259# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 260# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones 261# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890. 262# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera. 263# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 264Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 265 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 266 3:00 - EAT 267 268# Gabon 269# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 270Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 271 1:00 - WAT 272 273# Gambia 274# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 275Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 276 -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time 277 -1:00 - WAT 1964 278 0:00 - GMT 279 280# Ghana 281# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 282# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; 283# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 284Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 285Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 286# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 287Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 288 0:00 Ghana %s 289 290# Guinea 291# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 292Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 293 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 294 -1:00 - WAT 1960 295 0:00 - GMT 296 297# Guinea-Bissau 298# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 299Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26 300 -1:00 - WAT 1975 301 0:00 - GMT 302 303# Kenya 304# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 305Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 306 3:00 - EAT 1930 307 2:30 - BEAT 1940 308 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1960 309 3:00 - EAT 310 311# Lesotho 312# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 313Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 314 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 315 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 316 2:00 - SAST 317 318# Liberia 319# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 320# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 321# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 322# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 323# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 324# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 325# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 326# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 327# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 328Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 329 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 330 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 331 0:00 - GMT 332 333############################################################################### 334 335# Libya 336 337# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 338Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 339Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 340Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 341Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 342Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 343Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 344Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 345Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 346Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 347Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 348Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 349Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 350Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 351# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 352Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 353 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 354 2:00 - EET 1982 355 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 356# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 357# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors. 358 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 359 1:00 - CET 1997 Apr 4 360 1:00 1:00 CEST 1997 Oct 4 361 2:00 - EET 362 363# Madagascar 364# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 365Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 366 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 367 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 368 3:00 - EAT 369 370# Malawi 371# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 372Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 373 2:00 - CAT 374 375# Mali 376# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 377Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 378 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 379 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20 380 0:00 - GMT 381 382# Mauritania 383# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 384Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 385 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 386 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28 387 0:00 - GMT 388 389# Mauritius 390 391# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 392# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 393# basis.... 394# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 395# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 396# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 397 398# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 399# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 400 401# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 402# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 403# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 404# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 405 406# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 407# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 408 409# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 410# According to 411# <a href="http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216"> 412# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 413# </a> 414# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 415# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 416# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 417# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 418# 419# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 420# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 421# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 422# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 423# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 424# changes two days later. 425 426# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 427# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 428# time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 429# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 430# 431# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 432# de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 433# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one. 434# ... 435# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html"> 436# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 437# </a> 438 439# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 440# The Government of Mauritius weblink 441# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=3D4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD"> 442# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=3D4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 443# </a> 444# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 445# 446# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 447# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 448# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 449# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 450# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 451# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 452# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 453# year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 454# and end on 29 March 2009. 455 456# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 457# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 458# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 459# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 460# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf"> 461# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 462# </a> 463 464# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 465Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 466Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 467Rule Mauritius 2008 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 468Rule Mauritius 2009 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 469# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 470Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 471 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time 472# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 473# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 474 475# Mayotte 476# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 477Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 478 3:00 - EAT 479 480# Morocco 481# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 482 483# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 484# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 485# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 486# 487# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 488# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 489# Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 490# 491# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html"> 492# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 493# </a> 494# OR 495# <a href="http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html"> 496# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 497# </a> 498 499# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 500# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse: 501# <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view"> 502# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 503# </a> 504# 505# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 506# spokesman. 507 508# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 509# According to this article: 510# <a href="http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html"> 511# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 512# </a> 513# (and republished here: 514# <a href="http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html"> 515# http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html 516# </a> 517# ) 518# the changes occurs at midnight: 519# 520# saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be 521# intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday) 522# sunday night the 28th at midnight 523# 524# Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 525# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and 526# monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 527# june1st to sept 27th. 528# 529# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 530# published on the web. 531# 532# It's also confirmed here: 533# <a href="http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm"> 534# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 535# </a> 536# on a government portal as being between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet 537# posted in english). 538# 539# The following google query will generate many relevant hits: 540# <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search"> 541# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 542# </a> 543 544# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 545# Is Western Sahara (part which administrated by Morocco) going to follow 546# Morocco DST changes? Any information? What about other part of 547# Western Sahara - under administration of POLISARIO Front (also named 548# SADR Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic)? 549 550# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-09): 551# XXX--guess that it is only Morocco for now; guess only 2008 for now. 552 553# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 554# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 555# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 556# of September: 557# 558# One article about it (in French): 559# <a href="http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default"> 560# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 561# </a> 562# 563# We have some further details posted here: 564# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html"> 565# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 566# </a> 567 568# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 569# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 570# to many sources, such as 571# <a href="http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html"> 572# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 573# </a> 574# <a href="http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312"> 575# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 576# </a> 577# (French) 578# 579# Our summary: 580# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html"> 581# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 582# </a> 583 584# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 585# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 586# Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 587# 588# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967) 589# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 590# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 591# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 592# 593# <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf"> 594# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 595# </a> 596# 597# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html"> 598# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 599# </a> 600 601# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 602 603Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 604Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 605Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 606Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 607Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 608Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 609Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 610Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 611Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 612Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 613Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 614Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 615Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 616Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 617Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 618Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 619Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 620Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 621Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 622# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 623Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 624 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 625 1:00 - CET 1986 626 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 627# Western Sahara 628Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan 629 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 630 0:00 - WET 631 632# Mozambique 633# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 634Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 635 2:00 - CAT 636 637# Namibia 638# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 639# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 640 641# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in 642# <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>: 643# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 644# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 645# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 646# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 647# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 648# of the country. 649# 650# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): 651# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but 652# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 653 654# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 655Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 656Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 657# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 658Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 659 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 660 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 661 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 662 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 663 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 664 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 665 666# Niger 667# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 668Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 669 -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 670 0:00 - GMT 1960 671 1:00 - WAT 672 673# Nigeria 674# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 675Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 676 1:00 - WAT 677 678# Reunion 679# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 680Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 681 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time 682# 683# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows. 684# The following information about them is taken from 685# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French; 686# no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 687# We have no info about their time zone histories. 688# 689# Bassas da India - uninhabited 690# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 691# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 692# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 693# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 694 695# Rwanda 696# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 697Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 698 2:00 - CAT 699 700# St Helena 701# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 702Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown 703 -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 704 0:00 - GMT 705# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 706# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 707# Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA 708# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 709# on GMT, says the CIA 710# Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT 711 712# Sao Tome and Principe 713# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 714Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 715 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time 716 0:00 - GMT 717 718# Senegal 719# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 720Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 721 -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun 722 0:00 - GMT 723 724# Seychelles 725# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 726Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 727 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 728# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 729# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 730# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 731# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 732# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 733# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 734 735# Sierra Leone 736# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 737# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 738Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST 739Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT 740Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST 741Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT 742# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 743Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 744 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time 745 -1:00 SL %s 1957 746 0:00 SL %s 747 748# Somalia 749# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 750Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 751 3:00 - EAT 1931 752 2:30 - BEAT 1957 753 3:00 - EAT 754 755# South Africa 756# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 757Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 758Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 759# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 760Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 761 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 762 2:00 SA SAST 763# Marion and Prince Edward Is 764# scientific station since 1947 765# no information 766 767# Sudan 768# 769# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html"> 770# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13) 771# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 772# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 773# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 774# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 775# 776# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 777Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 778Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 779Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 780Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 781# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 782Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 783 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 784 3:00 - EAT 785 786# Swaziland 787# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 788Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 789 2:00 - SAST 790 791# Tanzania 792# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 793Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 794 3:00 - EAT 1948 795 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1961 796 3:00 - EAT 797 798# Togo 799# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 800Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 801 0:00 - GMT 802 803# Tunisia 804 805# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 806# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 807# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 808# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 809# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 810# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 811# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 812# Saturday." (My translation) 813# 814# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 815# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ... 816# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html> 817# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 818# 1h standard time. 819# 820# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 821# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 822# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 823# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 824# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 825 826# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 827# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 828# (Arabic) 829# <a href="http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546"> 830# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 831# </a> 832# <a href="http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp"> 833# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 834# </a> 835# 836# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 837# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 838# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html"> 839# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 840# </a> 841 842# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 843# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 844# 845# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 846# 847# (in English) 848# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157"> 849# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 850# </a> 851# 852# (in Arabic) 853# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1"> 854# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 855# </a> 856 857# From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18): 858# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact 859# that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time. 860# Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long." 861# So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 862 863# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 864Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 865Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 866Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 867Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 868Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 869Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 870Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 871Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 872Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 873Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 874Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 875Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 876Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 877Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 878Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 879Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 880Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 881Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 882Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 883Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 884Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 885Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 886Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 887Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 888Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 889Rule Tunisia 2010 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 890Rule Tunisia 2010 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 891# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 892# more precise 0:09:21. 893# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 894# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 895Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 896 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 897 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 898 899# Uganda 900# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 901Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 902 3:00 - EAT 1930 903 2:30 - BEAT 1948 904 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1957 905 3:00 - EAT 906 907# Zambia 908# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 909Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 910 2:00 - CAT 911 912# Zimbabwe 913# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 914Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 915 2:00 - CAT 916