1# <pre> 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 8 9# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 10# 11# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14# 15# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 16# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 17# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 18# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 19# of the IATA's data after 1990. 20# 21# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 22# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 23# 24# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 25# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 26# I found in the UCLA library. 27# 28# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 29# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 30# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. 31# 32# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 33# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 34# 35# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 36# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 37# but Mark R V Murray reports that 38# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 39# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 40# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 41# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''. 42# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference. 43# 44# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 45# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 46# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 47# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 48# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 49# 50# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 51# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 52# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 53# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 54# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 55# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 56# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 57# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 58# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 59# until we get more information. 60# 61# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 62# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 63# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 64# 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 65# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 66# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 67# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 68# 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 69 70# Algeria 71# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 72Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 73Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 74Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 75Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 76Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 77Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 78Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 79Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 80Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 81Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 82Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 83Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 84Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 85Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 86Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 87Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 88Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 89Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 90Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 91Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 92Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 93Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 94# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 95# more precise 0:09:21. 96# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 98 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 99 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 100 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 101 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 102 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 103 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 104 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 105 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 106 1:00 - CET 107 108# Angola 109# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 110Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 111 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time 112 1:00 - WAT 113 114# Benin 115# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; 116# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 117# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 118Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 119 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 120 1:00 - WAT 121 122# Botswana 123# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 124# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899; 125# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did. 126# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 127Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 128 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 129 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 130 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 131 2:00 - CAT 132 133# Burkina Faso 134# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 135Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 136 0:00 - GMT 137 138# Burundi 139# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 140Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 141 2:00 - CAT 142 143# Cameroon 144# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 145# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 146Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 147 1:00 - WAT 148 149# Cape Verde 150# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 151Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 152 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 153 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 154 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 155 -1:00 - CVT 156 157# Central African Republic 158# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 159Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 160 1:00 - WAT 161 162# Chad 163# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 164Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 165 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 166 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 167 1:00 - WAT 168 169# Comoros 170# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 171Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 172 3:00 - EAT 173 174# Democratic Republic of Congo 175# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 176Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 177 1:00 - WAT 178Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 179 2:00 - CAT 180 181# Republic of the Congo 182# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 183Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 184 1:00 - WAT 185 186# Cote D'Ivoire 187# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 188Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 189 0:00 - GMT 190 191# Djibouti 192# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 193Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 194 3:00 - EAT 195 196############################################################################### 197 198# Egypt 199 200# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 201# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 202# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 203# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 204 205# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 206Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 207Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 208Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 209Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 210Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 211Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 212Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 213Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 214Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 215Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 216Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 217Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 218Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 219Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 220Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 221Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 222Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 223Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 224Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 225# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 226# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 227 228# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 229# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 230# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 231# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 232# 233# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 234# <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168"> 235# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 236# </a> 237# or 238# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html"> 239# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 240# </a> 241Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 242Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 - 243# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 244# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 245# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 246# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 247# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 248Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 - 249# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 250# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 251# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 252# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 253# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 254# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 255# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 256# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 257Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 23:00s 0 - 258# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 259# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 260# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 261# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 262# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 263# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 264# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 265# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 266# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 267 268# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 269# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 270# 271# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 272# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 273# Apr 23 274# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 275# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 276# Apr 24 277# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 278# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 279# Aug 27 280# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 281# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 282# Aug 27 283# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 284# 285# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 286# :59) 287# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 288# 289# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 290# 291# [1] <a href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263"> 292# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 293# </a> 294# [2] <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53"> 295# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 296# </a> 297# [3] <a href="http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/"> 298# http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 299# </a> 300 301# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 302# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 303# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 304# in September. 305 306# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 307# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 308# Information and Decision Support Center: 309# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html"> 310# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 311# </a> 312# 313# The Middle East News Agency 314# <a href="http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx"> 315# http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 316# </a> 317# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 318# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 319# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 320# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 321# (at least today). 322 323# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 324# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 325# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 326# Ramadan. 327# 328# Arabic translation: 329# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan--and then forward again" 330# <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again"> 331# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 332# </a> 333# or 334# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html"> 335# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 336# </a> 337 338# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 339# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 340# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 341 342# From Gunther Vermier (2015-05-13): 343# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 344 345# From Paul Eggert (2014-05-13): 346# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 347# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 348# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. The AP story says 349# DST will not be observed during Ramadan. There is no information about when 350# DST will end. See: 351# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 352# 353# For now, guess that later transitions will use 2010's rules, and that 354# Egypt will agree with Morocco (see below) about the date Ramadan starts and 355# ends, though (unlike Morocco) it will switch at 00:00 standard time. In 356# Egypt the spring-forward transitions are removed for 2020-2022, when the 357# guessed spring-forward date falls during the estimated Ramadan, and all 358# transitions removed for 2023-2038, where the estimated Ramadan falls entirely 359# outside the guessed daylight-saving time. Ramadan intrudes on the guessed 360# DST starting in 2039, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff. 361 362Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 23:00s 0 - 363Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 23:00s 0 - 364Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 365Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 10 0:00 1:00 S 366Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 - 367Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 368Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 29 0:00s 0 - 369Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 29 0:00s 1:00 S 370Rule Egypt 2014 max - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 - 371Rule Egypt 2015 2019 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 372Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jun 18 0:00s 0 - 373Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jul 18 0:00s 1:00 S 374Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jun 7 0:00s 0 - 375Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jul 7 0:00s 1:00 S 376Rule Egypt 2017 only - May 27 0:00s 0 - 377Rule Egypt 2017 only - Jun 26 0:00s 1:00 S 378Rule Egypt 2018 only - May 16 0:00s 0 - 379Rule Egypt 2018 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S 380Rule Egypt 2019 only - May 6 0:00s 0 - 381Rule Egypt 2019 only - Jun 5 0:00s 1:00 S 382Rule Egypt 2020 only - May 24 0:00s 1:00 S 383Rule Egypt 2021 only - May 13 0:00s 1:00 S 384Rule Egypt 2022 only - May 3 0:00s 1:00 S 385Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 386 387# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 388Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 389 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 390 391# Equatorial Guinea 392# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 393Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 394 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 395 1:00 - WAT 396 397# Eritrea 398# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 399Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 400 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 401 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 402 3:00 - EAT 403 404# Ethiopia 405# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 406# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones 407# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890. 408# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera. 409# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 410Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 411 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 412 3:00 - EAT 413 414# Gabon 415# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 416Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 417 1:00 - WAT 418 419# Gambia 420# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 421Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 422 -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time 423 -1:00 - WAT 1964 424 0:00 - GMT 425 426# Ghana 427# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 428# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; 429# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 430Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 431Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 432# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 433Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 434 0:00 Ghana %s 435 436# Guinea 437# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 438Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 439 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 440 -1:00 - WAT 1960 441 0:00 - GMT 442 443# Guinea-Bissau 444# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 445Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26 446 -1:00 - WAT 1975 447 0:00 - GMT 448 449# Kenya 450# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 451Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 452 3:00 - EAT 1930 453 2:30 - BEAT 1940 454 2:45 - BEAUT 1960 455 3:00 - EAT 456 457# Lesotho 458# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 459Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 460 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 461 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 462 2:00 - SAST 463 464# Liberia 465# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 466# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 467# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 468# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 469# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 470# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 471# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 472# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 473# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 474Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 475 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 476 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 477 0:00 - GMT 478 479############################################################################### 480 481# Libya 482 483# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 484# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 485# http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 486# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 487# 488# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 489# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 490# 491# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 492# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 493# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 494# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 495# lastFri instead of lastSun). 496 497# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 498# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 499# cancelled yesterday.... 500# http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 501# 502# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 503# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2. 504 505# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 506Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 507Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 508Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 509Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 510Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 511Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 512Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 513Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 514Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 515Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 516Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 517Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 518Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 519Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 520Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 521Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 522Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 523# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 524Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 525 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 526 2:00 - EET 1982 527 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 528# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 529# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors. 530 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 531 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 532 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 533 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 534 2:00 - EET 535 536# Madagascar 537# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 538Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 539 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 540 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 541 3:00 - EAT 542 543# Malawi 544# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 545Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 546 2:00 - CAT 547 548# Mali 549# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 550Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 551 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 552 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20 553 0:00 - GMT 554 555# Mauritania 556# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 557Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 558 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 559 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28 560 0:00 - GMT 561 562# Mauritius 563 564# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 565# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 566# basis.... 567# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 568# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 569# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 570 571# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 572# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 573 574# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 575# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 576# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 577# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 578 579# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 580# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 581 582# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 583# According to 584# <a href="http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216"> 585# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 586# </a> 587# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 588# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 589# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 590# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 591# 592# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 593# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 594# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 595# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 596# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 597# changes two days later. 598 599# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 600# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 601# time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 602# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 603# 604# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 605# de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 606# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one. 607# ... 608# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html"> 609# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 610# </a> 611 612# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 613# The Government of Mauritius weblink 614# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD"> 615# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 616# </a> 617# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 618# 619# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 620# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 621# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 622# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 623# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 624# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 625# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 626# year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 627# and end on 29 March 2009. 628 629# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 630# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 631# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 632# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 633# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf"> 634# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 635# </a> 636 637# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 638# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 639# DST the coming summer... 640# 641# Some sources, in French: 642# <a href="http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB"> 643# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 644# </a> 645# <a href="http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-"> 646# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 647# </a> 648# 649# Our wrap-up: 650# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html"> 651# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 652# </a> 653 654# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 655# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 656# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 657# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 658 659# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 660Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 661Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 662Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 663Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 664# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 665Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 666 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time 667# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 668# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 669 670# Mayotte 671# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 672Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 673 3:00 - EAT 674 675# Morocco 676# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 677 678# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 679# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 680# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 681# 682# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 683# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 684# Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 685# 686# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html"> 687# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 688# </a> 689# OR 690# <a href="http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html"> 691# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 692# </a> 693 694# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 695# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse: 696# <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view"> 697# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 698# </a> 699# 700# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 701# spokesman. 702 703# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 704# According to this article: 705# <a href="http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html"> 706# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 707# </a> 708# (and republished here: 709# <a href="http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html"> 710# http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html 711# </a> 712# ) 713# the changes occurs at midnight: 714# 715# saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be 716# intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday) 717# sunday night the 28th at midnight 718# 719# Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 720# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and 721# monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 722# june1st to sept 27th. 723# 724# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 725# published on the web. 726# 727# It's also confirmed here: 728# <a href="http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm"> 729# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 730# </a> 731# on a government portal as being between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet 732# posted in english). 733# 734# The following google query will generate many relevant hits: 735# <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search"> 736# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 737# </a> 738 739# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 740# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 741# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 742# of September: 743# 744# One article about it (in French): 745# <a href="http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default"> 746# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 747# </a> 748# 749# We have some further details posted here: 750# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html"> 751# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 752# </a> 753 754# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 755# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 756# to many sources, such as 757# <a href="http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html"> 758# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 759# </a> 760# <a href="http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312"> 761# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 762# </a> 763# (French) 764# 765# Our summary: 766# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html"> 767# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 768# </a> 769 770# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 771# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 772# Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 773# 774# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967) 775# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 776# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 777# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 778# 779# <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf"> 780# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 781# </a> 782# 783# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html"> 784# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 785# </a> 786 787# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 788# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 789# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 790# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 791# 792# Example: 793# <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html"> 794# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 795# </a> 796# (French) 797# Our page: 798# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html"> 799# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 800# </a> 801 802# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 803# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 804# The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00 805# The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00 806# ...Official links of change in morocco 807# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 808# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 809# +212.537.71.84.00 810# <a href="http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/"> 811# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 812# </a> 813# They said that 814# <a href="http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view"> 815# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 816# </a> 817# is the official publication to look at. 818# They said that the decision was already taken. 819# 820# More articles in the press 821# <a href="http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev"> 822# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev 823# </a> 824# e.html 825# <a href="http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923"> 826# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 827# </a> 828# <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim"> 829# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 830# anche-prochain-5538.html 831# </a> 832 833# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 834# They have it written in English here: 835# <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view"> 836# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 837# </a> 838# 839# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 840# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 841# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 842# also been like that in the past. 843 844# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 845# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 846# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: 847# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été 848# <a href="http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9"> 849# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 850# </a> 851# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 852# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 853# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 854# except the month of Ramadan. 855# or (brief) 856# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html"> 857# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 858# </a> 859 860# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 861# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 862# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 863# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 864# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 865# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 866 867# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 868# Seen Morocco change again: 869# <a href="http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php"> 870# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 871# </a> 872# "...à partir du dernier dimance d'avril et non fins mars, 873# comme annoncé précédemment." 874 875# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 876# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 877# <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288"> 878# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 879# </a> 880# 881# Google translation, lightly edited: 882# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 883# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 884# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 885# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 886# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 887# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 888# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 889# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 890# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 891 892# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 893# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 894# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 895# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 896# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 897# <http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288>. 898 899# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 900# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 901# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 902# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 903 904# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 905# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 906# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 907# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 908# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 909# source (French): 910# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 911# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 912# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 913 914# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 915# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 916 917# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-19): 918# To estimate what the Moroccan government will do in future years, 919# transition dates for 2014 through 2038 were determined by running 920# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3: 921# 922# (let ((islamic-year 1435)) 923# (while (< islamic-year 1461) 924# (let ((a 925# (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute 926# (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))) 927# (b 928# (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute 929# (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))))) 930# (insert 931# (format 932# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 933# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 934# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 935# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 936# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 937# 938# with spring-forward transitions removed for 2023-2025, when the 939# normal spring-forward date falls during the estimated Ramadan; with 940# all transitions removed for 2026-2035, where the estimated Ramadan 941# falls entirely outside daylight-saving time; and with fall-back 942# transitions removed for 2036-2037, where the normal fall-back 943# date falls during the estimated Ramadan. Normally, the table would 944# stop after 2037 because 32-bit time_t values roll around early in 2038, 945# but that would imply a prediction of perpetual DST after March 2038 946# due to the year-2037 glitches. So, this table instead stops after 947# 2038, the first non-glitchy year after the 32-bit rollover. 948# An advantage of stopping after 2038 is that it lets zic guess 949# TZ='WET0WEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3' for time stamps far in the future. 950 951# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 952 953Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 954Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 955Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 956Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 957Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 958Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 959Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 960Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 961Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 962Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 963Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 964Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 965Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 966Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 967Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 968Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 969Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 970Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 971Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 972Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 973Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 974Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 975Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 - 976Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 977Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 978Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 979Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 980Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 981Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 982Rule Morocco 2013 2035 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 983Rule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 984Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 29 3:00 0 - 985Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jul 29 2:00 1:00 S 986Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 18 3:00 0 - 987Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S 988Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 7 3:00 0 - 989Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 7 2:00 1:00 S 990Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 27 3:00 0 - 991Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jun 26 2:00 1:00 S 992Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 16 3:00 0 - 993Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 15 2:00 1:00 S 994Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 6 3:00 0 - 995Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 5 2:00 1:00 S 996Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 24 3:00 0 - 997Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S 998Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 13 3:00 0 - 999Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 13 2:00 1:00 S 1000Rule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 3 3:00 0 - 1001Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 3 2:00 1:00 S 1002Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S 1003Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 10 2:00 1:00 S 1004Rule Morocco 2025 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1005Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1006Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 21 3:00 0 - 1007Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 11 3:00 0 - 1008Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1009Rule Morocco 2038 only - Oct 30 2:00 1:00 S 1010Rule Morocco 2038 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 1011 1012# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1013Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 1014 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 1015 1:00 - CET 1986 1016 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1017 1018# Western Sahara 1019# 1020# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 1021# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 1022# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 1023# Morocco does. 1024# 1025# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 1026# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 1027# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 1028 1029Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan 1030 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 1031 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1032 1033# Mozambique 1034# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1035Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 1036 2:00 - CAT 1037 1038# Namibia 1039# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 1040# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 1041 1042# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in 1043# <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>: 1044# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 1045# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1046# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1047# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1048# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1049# of the country. 1050# 1051# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): 1052# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but 1053# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1054 1055# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1056Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1057Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 1058# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1059Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1060 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 1061 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1062 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1063 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1064 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 1065 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 1066 1067# Niger 1068# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1069Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 1070 -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 1071 0:00 - GMT 1960 1072 1:00 - WAT 1073 1074# Nigeria 1075# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1076Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1077 1:00 - WAT 1078 1079# Reunion 1080# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1081Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1082 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time 1083# 1084# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows. 1085# The following information about them is taken from 1086# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French; 1087# no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1088# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1089# 1090# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1091# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1092# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1093# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1094# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1095 1096# Rwanda 1097# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1098Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 1099 2:00 - CAT 1100 1101# St Helena 1102# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1103Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown 1104 -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 1105 0:00 - GMT 1106# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1107# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1108# Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA 1109# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1110# on GMT, says the CIA 1111# Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT 1112 1113# Sao Tome and Principe 1114# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1115Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1116 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time 1117 0:00 - GMT 1118 1119# Senegal 1120# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1121Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 1122 -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun 1123 0:00 - GMT 1124 1125# Seychelles 1126# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1127Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1128 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 1129# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1130# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1131# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1132# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1133# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1134# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1135 1136# Sierra Leone 1137# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1138# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1139Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST 1140Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT 1141Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST 1142Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT 1143# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1144Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 1145 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time 1146 -1:00 SL %s 1957 1147 0:00 SL %s 1148 1149# Somalia 1150# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1151Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 1152 3:00 - EAT 1931 1153 2:30 - BEAT 1957 1154 3:00 - EAT 1155 1156# South Africa 1157# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1158Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1159Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1160# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1161Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1162 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1163 2:00 SA SAST 1164# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1165# scientific station since 1947 1166# no information 1167 1168# Sudan 1169# 1170# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html"> 1171# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13) 1172# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1173# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1174# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1175# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1176# 1177# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1178Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1179Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1180Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1181Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1182# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1183Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1184 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1185 3:00 - EAT 1186 1187# South Sudan 1188Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba 1189 1190# Swaziland 1191# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1192Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 1193 2:00 - SAST 1194 1195# Tanzania 1196# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1197Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 1198 3:00 - EAT 1948 1199 2:45 - BEAUT 1961 1200 3:00 - EAT 1201 1202# Togo 1203# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1204Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 1205 0:00 - GMT 1206 1207# Tunisia 1208 1209# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1210# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1211# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1212# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1213# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1214# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1215# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1216# Saturday." (My translation) 1217# 1218# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1219# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1220# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html> 1221# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1222# 1h standard time. 1223# 1224# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1225# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1226# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1227# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1228# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1229 1230# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1231# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1232# (Arabic) 1233# <a href="http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546"> 1234# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1235# </a> 1236# <a href="http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp"> 1237# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1238# </a> 1239# 1240# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1241# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1242# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html"> 1243# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1244# </a> 1245 1246# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1247# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1248# 1249# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1250# 1251# (in English) 1252# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157"> 1253# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1254# </a> 1255# 1256# (in Arabic) 1257# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1"> 1258# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1259# </a> 1260 1261# From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18): 1262# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact 1263# that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time. 1264# Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long." 1265# So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1266 1267# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1268# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1269# 1270# (translation): 1271# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1272# Sunday... 1273# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1274# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1275# 1276# (in Arabic) 1277# <a href="http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1"> 1278# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1279# <a href="http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036"> 1280# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1281# or 1282# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html"> 1283# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1284 1285# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1286Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1287Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1288Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1289Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1290Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1291Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1292Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1293Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1294Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1295Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1296Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1297Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1298Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1299Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1300Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1301Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1302Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1303Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1304Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1305Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1306Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1307Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1308Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1309Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1310Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1311 1312# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1313# more precise 0:09:21. 1314# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1315# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1316Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1317 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1318 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1319 1320# Uganda 1321# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1322Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 1323 3:00 - EAT 1930 1324 2:30 - BEAT 1948 1325 2:45 - BEAUT 1957 1326 3:00 - EAT 1327 1328# Zambia 1329# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1330Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 1331 2:00 - CAT 1332 1333# Zimbabwe 1334# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1335Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 1336 2:00 - CAT 1337