1# @(#)antarctica 7.24 2 3# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): 4# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see 5# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/"> 6# COMNAP - Stations and Bases 7# </a> 8# and 9# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> 10# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) 11# </a> 12# for information. 13# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. 14# 15# Except for the French entries, 16# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! 17# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. 18 19# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 20# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 21Rule RussAQ 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 22Rule RussAQ 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 23Rule RussAQ 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 24Rule RussAQ 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 25Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 26Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 27Rule RussAQ 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 28Rule RussAQ 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 29Rule RussAQ 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 30 31# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. 32# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 33Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - 34Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S 35Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 - 36Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S 37Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 - 38Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S 39Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 40Rule ArgAQ 1974 1976 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S 41Rule ArgAQ 1975 1977 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 - 42Rule ChileAQ 1966 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S 43Rule ChileAQ 1967 1998 - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - 44Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 0:00 1:00 S 45Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 - 46Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S 47Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - 48 49 50# Argentina - year-round bases 51# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 52# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 53# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 54# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 55# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 56# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21 57# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) 58 59# Australia - territories 60# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) 61# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered 62# <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 63# Margaret Turner reports 64# </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST; 65# presumably this is when they have visitors. 66# 67# year-round bases 68# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 69# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 70# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) 71# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 72# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 73Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969 74 8:00 - WST # Western (Aus) Standard Time 75Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13 76 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time 77 0 - zzz 1969 Feb 78 7:00 - DAVT 79Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13 80 6:00 - MAWT # Mawson Time 81# References: 82# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> 83# Casey Weather (1998-02-26) 84# </a> 85# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html"> 86# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) 87# </a> 88# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> 89# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) 90# </a> 91 92# Brazil - year-round base 93# Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4 94 95# Chile - year-round bases and towns 96# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 97# Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07 98# General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 99# Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941 100# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09 101# These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'. 102 103# China - year-round bases 104# Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20 105# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26 106 107# France - year-round bases 108# 109# From Antoine Leca <Antoine.Leca@Renault.FR> (1997-01-20): 110# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP 111# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). 112# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases 113# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came 114# from Tasmania. 115# 116# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants 117# 118# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 119# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 120# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; 121# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 122# 123# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited 124# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 125# 126# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 127Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais 128 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time 129# 130# year-round base in the main continent 131# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 132# 133# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 134# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 135# 136# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 137Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947 138 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time 139 0 - zzz 1956 Nov 140 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time 141# Reference: 142# <a href="http://www.icair.iac.org.nz/science/reports/fr/IFRTP.html"> 143# Support and Development of Polar Research and Technology (1997-02-03) 144# </a> 145 146 147# Germany - year-round base 148# Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815 149 150# India - year-round base 151# Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200 152 153# Japan - year-round bases 154# Dome Fuji, -7719+03942 155# Syowa, -690022+0393524 156# 157# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 158# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. [See] 159# <a href="http://www.crl.go.jp/uk/uk201/basyo.htm">[reference in Japanese]</a> 160# and information from KAMO Hiroyasu <wd@ics.nara-wu.ac.jp>. 161# 162# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 163# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 164# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 165# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 166Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29 167 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time 168# See: 169# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html"> 170# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 171# </a> 172 173# S Korea - year-round base 174# King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988 175 176# New Zealand - claims 177# Balleny Islands (never inhabited) 178# Scott Island (never inhabited) 179# 180# year-round base 181# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. 182# 183# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. 184# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 185Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 186Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 187Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 188Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 189Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 190Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 191Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 192 193# Norway - territories 194# Bouvet (never inhabited) 195# 196# claims 197# Peter I Island (never inhabited) 198 199# Poland - year-round base 200# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 201 202# Russia - year-round bases 203# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 204# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 205# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551, 206# year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01 207# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150, 208# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992 209 210# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 211# <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP"> 212# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>: 213# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same 214# time as Moscow, Russia. 215# 216# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): 217# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is 218# what they had to say about time there: 219# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) 220# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was 221# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead 222# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The 223# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.'' 224# 225# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): 226# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it 227# in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local 228# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this 229# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean 230# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks 231# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time 232# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6. 233# 234Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16 235 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time 236 237# S Africa - year-round bases 238# Marion Island, -4653+03752 239# Sanae, -7141-00250 240 241# UK 242# 243# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims 244# South Orkney Islands 245# scientific station from 1903 246# whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 247# South Shetland Islands 248# 249# year-round bases 250# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 251# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931, 252# scientific station 1943/1967, 253# previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, 254# and a garrison was deployed briefly 255# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06 256# Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated 257# so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location. 258# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 259# 260# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22) 261# <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year. 262# 263# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 264Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1 265 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time 266 267# Uruguay - year round base 268# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 269 270# USA - year-round bases 271# 272# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) 273# 274# From Ethan Dicks <erd@mcmsun5.mcmurdo.gov> (1996-10-06): 275# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us 276# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... 277# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, 278# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, 279# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. 280# 281# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 282Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965 283 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 284 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May 285 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT 286# 287# 288# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 289# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 290Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956 291 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT 292# 293# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20 294# 295# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 296# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the 297# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. 298# 299# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-27): 300# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, 301# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, 302# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 303# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, 304# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year 305# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) 306# 307# From Susan Smith 308# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html 309# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): 310# We use the same time as McMurdo does. 311# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... 312# One last quirk about South Pole time. 313# All the electric clocks are usually wrong. 314# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something 315# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, 316# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. 317# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! 318# 319Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole 320