1# @(#)antarctica 8.3 2# <pre> 3 4# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): 5# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see 6# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/"> 7# COMNAP - Stations and Bases 8# </a> 9# and 10# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> 11# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) 12# </a> 13# for information. 14# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. 15# 16# Except for the French entries, 17# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! 18# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. 19 20# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 21# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 22Rule RussAQ 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 23Rule RussAQ 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 24Rule RussAQ 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 25Rule RussAQ 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 26Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 27Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 28Rule RussAQ 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 29Rule RussAQ 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 30Rule RussAQ 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 31 32# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. 33# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - 35Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S 36Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 - 37Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 38Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 39Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S 40Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 41Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 42Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 43Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 - 44Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 45Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S 46Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 47Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 - 48Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S 49Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 50Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 51Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - 52Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 53Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S 54Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 - 55Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 56Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 57 58 59# Argentina - year-round bases 60# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 61# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 62# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 63# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 64# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 65# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21 66# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) 67 68# Australia - territories 69# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) 70# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered 71# <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 72# Margaret Turner reports 73# </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST; 74# presumably this is when they have visitors. 75# 76# year-round bases 77# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 78# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 79# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) 80# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 81# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 82Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969 83 8:00 - WST # Western (Aus) Standard Time 84Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13 85 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time 86 0 - zzz 1969 Feb 87 7:00 - DAVT 88Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13 89 6:00 - MAWT # Mawson Time 90# References: 91# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> 92# Casey Weather (1998-02-26) 93# </a> 94# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html"> 95# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) 96# </a> 97# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> 98# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) 99# </a> 100 101# Brazil - year-round base 102# Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4 103 104# Chile - year-round bases and towns 105# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 106# Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07 107# General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 108# Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941 109# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09 110# These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'. 111 112# China - year-round bases 113# Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20 114# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26 115 116# France - year-round bases 117# 118# From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20): 119# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP 120# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). 121# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases 122# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came 123# from Tasmania. 124# 125# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants 126# 127# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 128# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 129# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; 130# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 131# 132# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited 133# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 134# 135# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 136Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais 137 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time 138# 139# year-round base in the main continent 140# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 141# 142# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 143# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 144# 145# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 146Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947 147 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time 148 0 - zzz 1956 Nov 149 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time 150# Reference: 151# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station"> 152# Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05) 153# </a> 154 155# Germany - year-round base 156# Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815 157 158# India - year-round base 159# Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200 160 161# Japan - year-round bases 162# Dome Fuji, -7719+03942 163# Syowa, -690022+0393524 164# 165# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 166# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. 167# 168# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 169# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 170# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 171# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 172Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29 173 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time 174# See: 175# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html"> 176# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 177# </a> 178 179# S Korea - year-round base 180# King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988 181 182# New Zealand - claims 183# Balleny Islands (never inhabited) 184# Scott Island (never inhabited) 185# 186# year-round base 187# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. 188# 189# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. 190# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 191Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 192Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 193Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 194Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 195Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 196Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 197Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 198 199# Norway - territories 200# Bouvet (never inhabited) 201# 202# claims 203# Peter I Island (never inhabited) 204 205# Poland - year-round base 206# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 207 208# Russia - year-round bases 209# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 210# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 211# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551, 212# year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01 213# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150, 214# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992 215 216# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 217# <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP"> 218# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>: 219# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same 220# time as Moscow, Russia. 221# 222# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): 223# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is 224# what they had to say about time there: 225# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) 226# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was 227# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead 228# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The 229# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.'' 230# 231# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): 232# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it 233# in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local 234# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this 235# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean 236# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks 237# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time 238# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6. 239# 240Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16 241 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time 242 243# S Africa - year-round bases 244# Marion Island, -4653+03752 245# Sanae, -7141-00250 246 247# UK 248# 249# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims 250# South Orkney Islands 251# scientific station from 1903 252# whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 253# South Shetland Islands 254# 255# year-round bases 256# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 257# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931, 258# scientific station 1943/1967, 259# previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, 260# and a garrison was deployed briefly 261# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06 262# Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated 263# so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location. 264# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 265# 266# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22) 267# <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year. 268# 269# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 270Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1 271 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time 272 273# Uruguay - year round base 274# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 275 276# USA - year-round bases 277# 278# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) 279# 280# From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06): 281# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us 282# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... 283# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, 284# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, 285# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. 286# 287# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 288Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965 289 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 290 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May 291 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT 292# 293# 294# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 295# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 296Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956 297 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT 298# 299# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20 300# 301# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 302# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the 303# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. 304# 305# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27): 306# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, 307# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, 308# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 309# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, 310# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year 311# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) 312# 313# From Susan Smith 314# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html 315# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): 316# We use the same time as McMurdo does. 317# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... 318# One last quirk about South Pole time. 319# All the electric clocks are usually wrong. 320# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something 321# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, 322# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. 323# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! 324# 325Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole 326