1# <pre> 2# @(#)antarctica 8.7 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): 7# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see 8# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/"> 9# COMNAP - Stations and Bases 10# </a> 11# and 12# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> 13# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) 14# </a> 15# for information. 16# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. 17# 18# Except for the French entries, 19# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! 20# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. 21 22# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 23# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 24Rule RussAQ 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 25Rule RussAQ 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 26Rule RussAQ 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 27Rule RussAQ 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 28Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 29Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 30Rule RussAQ 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 31Rule RussAQ 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 32Rule RussAQ 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 33 34# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. 35# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 36Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - 37Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S 38Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 - 39Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 40Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 41Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S 42Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 43Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 44Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 45Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 - 46Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 47Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S 48Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 49Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 - 50Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S 51Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 52Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 53Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - 54Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 55Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S 56Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 - 57Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 58Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 59 60 61# Argentina - year-round bases 62# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 63# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 64# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 65# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 66# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 67# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21 68# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) 69 70# Australia - territories 71# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) 72# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered 73# <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 74# Margaret Turner reports 75# </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST; 76# presumably this is when they have visitors. 77# 78# year-round bases 79# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 80# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 81# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) 82# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 83 84# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11): 85# Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone: 86# Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11 87# Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5 88# Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5 89# The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times). 90# 91# Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division) 92# <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079"> 93# http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079 94# </a> 95# 96# We have more background information here: 97# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html"> 98# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html 99# </a> 100 101# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 102Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969 103 8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00 104 # Western (Aus) Standard Time 105 11:00 - CAST # Casey Time 106Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13 107 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time 108 0 - zzz 1969 Feb 109 7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 110 5:00 - DAVT 111Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13 112 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 113 # Mawson Time 114 5:00 - MAWT 115# References: 116# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> 117# Casey Weather (1998-02-26) 118# </a> 119# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html"> 120# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) 121# </a> 122# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> 123# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) 124# </a> 125 126# Brazil - year-round base 127# Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4 128 129# Chile - year-round bases and towns 130# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 131# Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07 132# General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 133# Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941 134# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09 135# These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'. 136 137# China - year-round bases 138# Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20 139# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26 140 141# France - year-round bases 142# 143# From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20): 144# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP 145# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). 146# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases 147# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came 148# from Tasmania. 149# 150# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants 151# 152# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 153# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 154# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; 155# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 156# 157# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited 158# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 159# 160# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 161Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais 162 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time 163# 164# year-round base in the main continent 165# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 166# 167# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 168# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 169# 170# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 171Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947 172 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time 173 0 - zzz 1956 Nov 174 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time 175# Reference: 176# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station"> 177# Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05) 178# </a> 179 180# Germany - year-round base 181# Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815 182 183# India - year-round base 184# Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200 185 186# Japan - year-round bases 187# Dome Fuji, -7719+03942 188# Syowa, -690022+0393524 189# 190# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 191# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. 192# 193# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 194# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 195# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 196# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 197Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29 198 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time 199# See: 200# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html"> 201# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 202# </a> 203 204# S Korea - year-round base 205# King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988 206 207# New Zealand - claims 208# Balleny Islands (never inhabited) 209# Scott Island (never inhabited) 210# 211# year-round base 212# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. 213# 214# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. 215# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 216Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 217Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 218Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 219Rule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 220Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 221Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 222Rule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 223Rule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 224Rule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 225 226# Norway - territories 227# Bouvet (never inhabited) 228# 229# claims 230# Peter I Island (never inhabited) 231 232# Poland - year-round base 233# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 234 235# Russia - year-round bases 236# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 237# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 238# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551, 239# year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01 240# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150, 241# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992 242 243# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 244# <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP"> 245# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>: 246# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same 247# time as Moscow, Russia. 248# 249# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): 250# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is 251# what they had to say about time there: 252# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) 253# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was 254# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead 255# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The 256# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.'' 257# 258# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): 259# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it 260# in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local 261# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this 262# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean 263# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks 264# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time 265# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6. 266# 267Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16 268 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time 269 270# S Africa - year-round bases 271# Marion Island, -4653+03752 272# Sanae, -7141-00250 273 274# UK 275# 276# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims 277# South Orkney Islands 278# scientific station from 1903 279# whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 280# South Shetland Islands 281# 282# year-round bases 283# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 284# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931, 285# scientific station 1943/1967, 286# previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, 287# and a garrison was deployed briefly 288# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06 289# Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated 290# so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location. 291# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 292# 293# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22) 294# <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year. 295# 296# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 297Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1 298 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time 299 300# Uruguay - year round base 301# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 302 303# USA - year-round bases 304# 305# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) 306# 307# From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06): 308# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us 309# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... 310# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, 311# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, 312# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. 313# 314# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 315Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965 316 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 317 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May 318 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT 319# 320# 321# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 322# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 323Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956 324 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT 325# 326# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20 327# 328# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 329# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the 330# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. 331# 332# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27): 333# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, 334# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, 335# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 336# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, 337# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year 338# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) 339# 340# From Susan Smith 341# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html 342# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): 343# We use the same time as McMurdo does. 344# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... 345# One last quirk about South Pole time. 346# All the electric clocks are usually wrong. 347# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something 348# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, 349# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. 350# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! 351# 352Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole 353