1# <pre> 2# @(#)antarctica 8.10 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): 7# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see 8# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/"> 9# COMNAP - Stations and Bases 10# </a> 11# and 12# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> 13# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) 14# </a> 15# for information. 16# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. 17# 18# Except for the French entries, 19# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! 20# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. 21 22# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. 23# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 24Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - 25Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S 26Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 - 27Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 28Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 29Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S 30Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 31Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 32Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 33Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 - 34Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 35Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S 36Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 37Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 - 38Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S 39Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 40Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 41Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - 42Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 43Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S 44Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 - 45Rule ChileAQ 1999 2010 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 46Rule ChileAQ 2000 2007 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 47# N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time, 48# which is used below in specifying the transition. 49Rule ChileAQ 2008 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - 50Rule ChileAQ 2009 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 51Rule ChileAQ 2010 only - Apr Sun>=1 3:00u 0 - 52Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - May Sun>=2 3:00u 0 - 53Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - Aug Sun>=16 4:00u 1:00 S 54Rule ChileAQ 2012 only - Apr Sun>=23 3:00u 0 - 55Rule ChileAQ 2012 only - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 S 56Rule ChileAQ 2013 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 57Rule ChileAQ 2013 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 58 59# These rules are stolen from the `australasia' file. 60Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 61Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 62Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 63Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 64Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 65Rule AusAQ 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 66Rule AusAQ 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 67Rule ATAQ 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 68Rule ATAQ 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 69Rule ATAQ 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 70Rule ATAQ 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 71Rule ATAQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 72Rule ATAQ 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 73Rule ATAQ 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 74Rule ATAQ 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 75Rule ATAQ 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 76Rule ATAQ 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 77Rule ATAQ 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 78Rule ATAQ 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 79Rule ATAQ 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 80Rule ATAQ 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 81Rule ATAQ 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 82Rule ATAQ 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 83Rule ATAQ 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 84Rule ATAQ 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 85Rule ATAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 86 87# Argentina - year-round bases 88# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 89# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 90# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 91# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 92# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 93# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21 94# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) 95 96# Australia - territories 97# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) 98# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered 99# <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 100# Margaret Turner reports 101# </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST; 102# presumably this is when they have visitors. 103# 104# year-round bases 105# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 106# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 107# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) 108# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 109 110# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11): 111# Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone: 112# Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11 113# Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5 114# Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5 115# The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times). 116# 117# Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division) 118# <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079"> 119# http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079 120# </a> 121# 122# We have more background information here: 123# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html"> 124# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html 125# </a> 126 127# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 128# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 129# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 130# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 131# on 4 April. 132# 133# - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010. 134# The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but 135# has not been decided yet. 136# 137# - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010 138# 20:00 UTC. 139# 140# - Mawson station stays on UTC+5. 141# 142# In addition to the Rule changes for Casey/Davis, it means that Macquarie 143# will no longer be like Hobart and will have to have its own Zone created. 144# 145# Background: 146# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html"> 147# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html 148# </a> 149 150# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 151Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969 152 8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00 153 # Western (Aus) Standard Time 154 11:00 - CAST 2010 Mar 5 2:00 155 # Casey Time 156 8:00 - WST 2011 Oct 28 2:00 157 11:00 - CAST 2012 Feb 21 17:00u 158 8:00 - WST 159Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13 160 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time 161 0 - zzz 1969 Feb 162 7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 163 5:00 - DAVT 2010 Mar 10 20:00u 164 7:00 - DAVT 2011 Oct 28 2:00 165 5:00 - DAVT 2012 Feb 21 20:00u 166 7:00 - DAVT 167Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13 168 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 169 # Mawson Time 170 5:00 - MAWT 171Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1911 172 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 173 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 174 10:00 AusAQ EST 1967 175 10:00 ATAQ EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00 176 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie Island Time 177# References: 178# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> 179# Casey Weather (1998-02-26) 180# </a> 181# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html"> 182# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) 183# </a> 184# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> 185# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) 186# </a> 187 188# Brazil - year-round base 189# Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4 190 191# Chile - year-round bases and towns 192# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 193# Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07 194# General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 195# Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941 196# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09 197# These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'. 198 199# China - year-round bases 200# Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20 201# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26 202 203# France - year-round bases 204# 205# From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20): 206# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP 207# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). 208# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases 209# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came 210# from Tasmania. 211# 212# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants 213# 214# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 215# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 216# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; 217# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 218# 219# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited 220# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 221# 222# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 223Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais 224 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time 225# 226# year-round base in the main continent 227# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 228# 229# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 230# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 231# 232# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 233Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947 234 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time 235 0 - zzz 1956 Nov 236 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time 237# Reference: 238# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station"> 239# Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05) 240# </a> 241 242# Germany - year-round base 243# Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815 244 245# India - year-round base 246# Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200 247 248# Japan - year-round bases 249# Dome Fuji, -7719+03942 250# Syowa, -690022+0393524 251# 252# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 253# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. 254# 255# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 256# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 257# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 258# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 259Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29 260 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time 261# See: 262# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html"> 263# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 264# </a> 265 266# S Korea - year-round base 267# King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988 268 269# New Zealand - claims 270# Balleny Islands (never inhabited) 271# Scott Island (never inhabited) 272# 273# year-round base 274# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. 275# 276# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. 277# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 278Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 279Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 280Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 281Rule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 282Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 283Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 284Rule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 285Rule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 286Rule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 287 288# Norway - territories 289# Bouvet (never inhabited) 290# 291# claims 292# Peter I Island (never inhabited) 293 294# Poland - year-round base 295# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 296 297# Russia - year-round bases 298# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 299# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 300# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551, 301# year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01 302# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150, 303# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992 304 305# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 306# <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP"> 307# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>: 308# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same 309# time as Moscow, Russia. 310# 311# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): 312# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is 313# what they had to say about time there: 314# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) 315# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was 316# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead 317# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The 318# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.'' 319# 320# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): 321# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it 322# in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local 323# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this 324# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean 325# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks 326# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time 327# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6. 328# 329Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16 330 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time 331 332# S Africa - year-round bases 333# Marion Island, -4653+03752 334# Sanae, -7141-00250 335 336# UK 337# 338# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims 339# South Orkney Islands 340# scientific station from 1903 341# whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 342# South Shetland Islands 343# 344# year-round bases 345# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 346# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931, 347# scientific station 1943/1967, 348# previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, 349# and a garrison was deployed briefly 350# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06 351# Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated 352# so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location. 353# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 354# 355# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22) 356# <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year. 357# 358# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 359Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1 360 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time 361 362# Uruguay - year round base 363# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 364 365# USA - year-round bases 366# 367# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) 368# 369# From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06): 370# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us 371# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... 372# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, 373# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, 374# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. 375# 376# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 377Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965 378 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 379 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May 380 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT 381# 382# 383# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 384# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 385Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956 386 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT 387# 388# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20 389# 390# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 391# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the 392# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. 393# 394# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27): 395# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, 396# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, 397# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 398# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, 399# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year 400# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) 401# 402# From Susan Smith 403# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html 404# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): 405# We use the same time as McMurdo does. 406# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... 407# One last quirk about South Pole time. 408# All the electric clocks are usually wrong. 409# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something 410# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, 411# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. 412# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! 413# 414Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole 415