1# <pre> 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): 6# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see 7# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/"> 8# COMNAP - Stations and Bases 9# </a> 10# and 11# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> 12# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) 13# </a> 14# for information. 15# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. 16# 17# Except for the French entries, 18# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! 19# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. 20 21# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. 22# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 23Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - 24Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S 25Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 - 26Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 27Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 28Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S 29Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 30Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 31Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 32Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 - 33Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 34Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S 35Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 36Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 - 37Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S 38Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 39Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 40Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - 41Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 42Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S 43Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 - 44Rule ChileAQ 1999 2010 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S 45Rule ChileAQ 2000 2007 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 46# N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time, 47# which is used below in specifying the transition. 48Rule ChileAQ 2008 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 - 49Rule ChileAQ 2009 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - 50Rule ChileAQ 2010 only - Apr Sun>=1 3:00u 0 - 51Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - May Sun>=2 3:00u 0 - 52Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - Aug Sun>=16 4:00u 1:00 S 53Rule ChileAQ 2012 max - Apr Sun>=23 3:00u 0 - 54Rule ChileAQ 2012 max - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 S 55 56# Argentina - year-round bases 57# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 58# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 59# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 60# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 61# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 62# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21 63# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) 64 65# Australia - territories 66# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) 67# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered 68# <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 69# Margaret Turner reports 70# </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST; 71# presumably this is when they have visitors. 72# 73# year-round bases 74# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 75# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 76# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) 77# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 78 79# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11): 80# Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone: 81# Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11 82# Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5 83# Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5 84# The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times). 85# 86# Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division) 87# <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079"> 88# http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079 89# </a> 90# 91# We have more background information here: 92# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html"> 93# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html 94# </a> 95 96# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 97# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: ... 98# 99# - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010. 100# The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but 101# has not been decided yet. 102# 103# - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010 104# 20:00 UTC. 105# 106# - Mawson station stays on UTC+5. 107# 108# Background: 109# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html"> 110# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html 111# </a> 112 113# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 114Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969 115 8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00 116 # Western (Aus) Standard Time 117 11:00 - CAST 2010 Mar 5 2:00 118 # Casey Time 119 8:00 - WST 2011 Oct 28 2:00 120 11:00 - CAST 2012 Feb 21 17:00u 121 8:00 - WST 122Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13 123 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time 124 0 - zzz 1969 Feb 125 7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 126 5:00 - DAVT 2010 Mar 10 20:00u 127 7:00 - DAVT 2011 Oct 28 2:00 128 5:00 - DAVT 2012 Feb 21 20:00u 129 7:00 - DAVT 130Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13 131 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00 132 # Mawson Time 133 5:00 - MAWT 134# References: 135# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> 136# Casey Weather (1998-02-26) 137# </a> 138# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html"> 139# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) 140# </a> 141# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> 142# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) 143# </a> 144 145# Brazil - year-round base 146# Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4 147 148# Chile - year-round bases and towns 149# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 150# Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07 151# General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 152# Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941 153# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09 154# These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'. 155 156# China - year-round bases 157# Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20 158# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26 159 160# France - year-round bases 161# 162# From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20): 163# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP 164# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). 165# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases 166# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came 167# from Tasmania. 168# 169# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants 170# 171# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 172# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 173# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; 174# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 175# 176# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited 177# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 178# 179# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 180Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais 181 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time 182# 183# year-round base in the main continent 184# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 185# 186# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 187# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 188# 189# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 190Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947 191 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time 192 0 - zzz 1956 Nov 193 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time 194# Reference: 195# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station"> 196# Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05) 197# </a> 198 199# Germany - year-round base 200# Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815 201 202# India - year-round base 203# Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200 204 205# Japan - year-round bases 206# Dome Fuji, -7719+03942 207# Syowa, -690022+0393524 208# 209# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 210# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. 211# 212# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 213# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 214# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 215# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 216Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29 217 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time 218# See: 219# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html"> 220# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 221# </a> 222 223# S Korea - year-round base 224# King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988 225 226# New Zealand - claims 227# Balleny Islands (never inhabited) 228# Scott Island (never inhabited) 229# 230# year-round base 231# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. 232# 233# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. 234# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 235Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 236Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 237Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 238Rule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 239Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 240Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 241Rule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 242Rule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 243Rule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 244 245# Norway - territories 246# Bouvet (never inhabited) 247# 248# claims 249# Peter I Island (never inhabited) 250 251# Poland - year-round base 252# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 253 254# Russia - year-round bases 255# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 256# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 257# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551, 258# year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01 259# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150, 260# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992 261 262# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 263# <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP"> 264# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>: 265# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same 266# time as Moscow, Russia. 267# 268# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): 269# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is 270# what they had to say about time there: 271# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) 272# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was 273# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead 274# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The 275# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.'' 276# 277# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): 278# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it 279# in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local 280# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this 281# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean 282# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks 283# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time 284# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6. 285# 286Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16 287 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time 288 289# S Africa - year-round bases 290# Marion Island, -4653+03752 291# Sanae, -7141-00250 292 293# UK 294# 295# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims 296# South Orkney Islands 297# scientific station from 1903 298# whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 299# South Shetland Islands 300# 301# year-round bases 302# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 303# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931, 304# scientific station 1943/1967, 305# previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, 306# and a garrison was deployed briefly 307# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06 308# Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated 309# so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location. 310# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 311# 312# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22) 313# <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year. 314# 315# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 316Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1 317 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time 318 319# Uruguay - year round base 320# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 321 322# USA - year-round bases 323# 324# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) 325# 326# From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06): 327# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us 328# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... 329# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, 330# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, 331# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. 332# 333# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 334Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965 335 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 336 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May 337 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT 338# 339# 340# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 341# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 342Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956 343 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT 344# 345# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20 346# 347# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 348# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the 349# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. 350# 351# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27): 352# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, 353# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, 354# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 355# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, 356# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year 357# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) 358# 359# From Susan Smith 360# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html 361# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): 362# We use the same time as McMurdo does. 363# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... 364# One last quirk about South Pole time. 365# All the electric clocks are usually wrong. 366# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something 367# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, 368# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. 369# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! 370# 371Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole 372