1# @(#)antarctica 7.30 2# <pre> 3 4# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): 5# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see 6# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/"> 7# COMNAP - Stations and Bases 8# </a> 9# and 10# <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> 11# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) 12# </a> 13# for information. 14# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. 15# 16# Except for the French entries, 17# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! 18# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. 19 20# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 21# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 22Rule RussAQ 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 23Rule RussAQ 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 24Rule RussAQ 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 25Rule RussAQ 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 26Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 27Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 28Rule RussAQ 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 29Rule RussAQ 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 30Rule RussAQ 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 31 32# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. 33# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - 35Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S 36Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 - 37Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S 38Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 - 39Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S 40Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - 41Rule ArgAQ 1974 1976 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S 42Rule ArgAQ 1975 1977 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 - 43Rule ChileAQ 1966 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S 44Rule ChileAQ 1967 1998 - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - 45Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 0:00 1:00 S 46Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 - 47Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S 48Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - 49 50 51# Argentina - year-round bases 52# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 53# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 54# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 55# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 56# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 57# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21 58# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) 59 60# Australia - territories 61# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) 62# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered 63# <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 64# Margaret Turner reports 65# </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST; 66# presumably this is when they have visitors. 67# 68# year-round bases 69# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 70# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 71# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) 72# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 73# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 74Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969 75 8:00 - WST # Western (Aus) Standard Time 76Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13 77 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time 78 0 - zzz 1969 Feb 79 7:00 - DAVT 80Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13 81 6:00 - MAWT # Mawson Time 82# References: 83# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> 84# Casey Weather (1998-02-26) 85# </a> 86# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html"> 87# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26) 88# </a> 89# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> 90# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) 91# </a> 92 93# Brazil - year-round base 94# Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4 95 96# Chile - year-round bases and towns 97# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 98# Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07 99# General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 100# Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941 101# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09 102# These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'. 103 104# China - year-round bases 105# Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20 106# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26 107 108# France - year-round bases 109# 110# From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20): 111# Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP 112# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology). 113# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases 114# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came 115# from Tasmania. 116# 117# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants 118# 119# Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 120# Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 121# Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; 122# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 123# 124# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited 125# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 126# 127# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 128Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais 129 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time 130# 131# year-round base in the main continent 132# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 133# 134# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. 135# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. 136# 137# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 138Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947 139 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time 140 0 - zzz 1956 Nov 141 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time 142# Reference: 143# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station"> 144# Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05) 145# </a> 146 147# Germany - year-round base 148# Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815 149 150# India - year-round base 151# Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200 152 153# Japan - year-round bases 154# Dome Fuji, -7719+03942 155# Syowa, -690022+0393524 156# 157# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): 158# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. 159# 160# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, 161# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main 162# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. 163# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 164Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29 165 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time 166# See: 167# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html"> 168# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) 169# </a> 170 171# S Korea - year-round base 172# King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988 173 174# New Zealand - claims 175# Balleny Islands (never inhabited) 176# Scott Island (never inhabited) 177# 178# year-round base 179# Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. 180# 181# These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file. 182# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 183Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D 184Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 185Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D 186Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 187Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S 188Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 189Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 190 191# Norway - territories 192# Bouvet (never inhabited) 193# 194# claims 195# Peter I Island (never inhabited) 196 197# Poland - year-round base 198# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 199 200# Russia - year-round bases 201# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 202# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 203# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551, 204# year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01 205# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150, 206# year-round from 1960/61 to 1992 207 208# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 209# <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP"> 210# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>: 211# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same 212# time as Moscow, Russia. 213# 214# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): 215# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is 216# what they had to say about time there: 217# ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) 218# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was 219# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead 220# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The 221# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.'' 222# 223# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): 224# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it 225# in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local 226# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this 227# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean 228# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks 229# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time 230# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6. 231# 232Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16 233 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time 234 235# S Africa - year-round bases 236# Marion Island, -4653+03752 237# Sanae, -7141-00250 238 239# UK 240# 241# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims 242# South Orkney Islands 243# scientific station from 1903 244# whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 245# South Shetland Islands 246# 247# year-round bases 248# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 249# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931, 250# scientific station 1943/1967, 251# previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, 252# and a garrison was deployed briefly 253# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06 254# Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated 255# so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location. 256# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 257# 258# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22) 259# <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year. 260# 261# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 262Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1 263 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time 264 265# Uruguay - year round base 266# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 267 268# USA - year-round bases 269# 270# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) 271# 272# From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06): 273# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us 274# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... 275# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, 276# Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, 277# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. 278# 279# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 280Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965 281 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 282 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May 283 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT 284# 285# 286# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 287# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 288Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956 289 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT 290# 291# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20 292# 293# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 294# Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the 295# larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit. 296# 297# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27): 298# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station, 299# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station, 300# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12 301# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound, 302# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year 303# at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) 304# 305# From Susan Smith 306# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html 307# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): 308# We use the same time as McMurdo does. 309# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... 310# One last quirk about South Pole time. 311# All the electric clocks are usually wrong. 312# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something 313# makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days, 314# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so. 315# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!! 316# 317Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole 318