1# @(#)asia 7.85 2 3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 6 7# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22): 8# 9# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 10# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 11# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 12# 13# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 14# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 15# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 16# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 17# of the IATA's data after 1990. 18# 19# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, 20# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 21# 22# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 23# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 24# I found in the UCLA library. 25# 26# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 27# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 28# 29# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 30# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 31# Corrections are welcome! 32# std dst 33# LMT Local Mean Time 34# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 35# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 36# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 37# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran 38# 4:00 GST Gulf* 39# 5:30 IST India 40# 7:00 ICT Indochina* 41# 7:00 WIT west Indonesia 42# 8:00 CIT central Indonesia 43# 8:00 CST China 44# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)* 45# 9:00 EIT east Indonesia 46# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 47# 9:00 KST KDT Korea 48# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time 49# 50# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 51 52# From Guy Harris: 53# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 54# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 55# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 56# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 57 58############################################################################### 59 60# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 61# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 62Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 63Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 64Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 65Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 66Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 67Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 68Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 69Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 70Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 71Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 72Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 73Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 74Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 75Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 76 77# Afghanistan 78# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 79Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 80 4:00 - AFT 1945 81 4:30 - AFT 82 83# Armenia 84# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 85# Shanks has Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) in spring 1991, 86# then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then readopting Russian DST in 1997. 87# Go with Shanks, even when he disagrees with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 88# <edd@AIC.NET> reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 89# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 90# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 91# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 92# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 93Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 94 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 95 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 96 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 97 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 98 4:00 - AMT 1997 99 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 100 101# Azerbaijan 102# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 103Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 1:00 1:00 S 104Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 1:00 0 - 105# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 106Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 107 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 108 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 109 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 110 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 111 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time 112 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 113 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 114 115# Bahrain 116# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 117Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah 118 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 119 3:00 - AST 120 121# Bangladesh 122# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 123Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 124 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 125 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 126 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 127 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 128 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 129 6:00 - BDT # Bangladesh Time 130 131# Bhutan 132# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 133Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 134 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 135 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 136 137# British Indian Ocean Territory 138# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 139# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 140# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 141# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 142# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 143# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 144Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 145 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 146 6:00 - IOT 147 148# Brunei 149# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 150Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 151 7:30 - BNT 1933 152 8:00 - BNT 153 154# Burma / Myanmar 155# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 156Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 157 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 158 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 159 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 160 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 161 162# Cambodia 163# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 164Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 165 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 166 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 167 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 168 7:00 - ICT 169 170# China 171 172# From Guy Harris: 173# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 174 175# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 176# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 177# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 178# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 179# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of 180# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 181# 182# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 183# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for 184# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 185# 186# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 187# 1987 mid-April - ?? 188 189# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 190# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 191# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 192 193# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 194# Shanks writes that China has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, 195# observing summer DST from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's 196# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986. 197# Go with Shanks for now. I made up names for the other pre-1980 time zones. 198 199# From Shanks: 200# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 201Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 202Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 203Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 204Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 205Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 206Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 207# 208# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 209# 210# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 211# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 212# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 213# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949): 214# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) 215Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin 216 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time 217 8:00 - CST 1940 218 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May 219 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May 220 8:00 PRC C%sT 221# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") 222Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928 223 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 224 8:00 PRC C%sT 225# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) 226Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking 227 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time 228 8:00 PRC C%sT 229# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") 230Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi 231 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time 232 8:00 PRC C%sT 233# Kunlun Time 234Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 235 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time 236 5:00 - KAST 1980 May 237 8:00 PRC C%sT 238 239# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 240# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 241Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 242Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 243Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 244Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 245Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 246Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 247Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 248Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 249Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 250Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 251Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 252Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 253Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 254Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 255Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 256# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 257Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 258 8:00 HK HK%sT 259 260 261############################################################################### 262 263# Taiwan 264 265# Shanks writes that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it 266# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't 267# have any other information. 268 269# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 270Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 271Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 272Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 273Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 274Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 275Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 276Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 277Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 278Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 279Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D 280Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 281# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 282Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei 283 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 284 285# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 286# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 287Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 288Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 289Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 290Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 291Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 292Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 293Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 294Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 295Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 296Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 297Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 298Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 299Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 300Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 301# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 302Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 303 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 304 8:00 PRC C%sT 305 306 307############################################################################### 308 309# Cyprus 310# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 311Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 312Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 313Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 314Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 315Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 316Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 317Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 318Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 319Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 320# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 321Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 322 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 323 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 324# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 325 326# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 327# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 328Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 329 330# Georgia 331# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 332# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 333# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 334# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 335# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 336# 337# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 338# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 339# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 340# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 341# 342# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 343# 344# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 345# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 346# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 347# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 348# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 349# of integration into Europe. 350 351# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 352Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880 353 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 354 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 355 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 356 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 357 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 358 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 359 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 360 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 361 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 362 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 363 364# East Timor 365 366# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 367# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm"> 368# East Timor may be late for its millennium 369# </a> (1999-12-26/31): 370# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 371# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 372# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 373# conflicts with their way of life. 374 375# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 376# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 377# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 378 379# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html"> 380# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 381# (2000-08-16)</a>: 382# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 383# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 384# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 385# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 386 387# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 388Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 389 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 390 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 391 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 392 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00 393 9:00 - TLT 394 395# India 396# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 397Zone Asia/Calcutta 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 398 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 399 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 400 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 401 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 402 5:30 - IST 403# The following are like Asia/Calcutta: 404# Andaman Is 405# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 406# Nicobar Is 407 408# Indonesia 409# 410# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks: 411# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime> 412# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 413# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 414# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 415# 416# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 417Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 418# Shanks says the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 419# but this must be a typo. 420 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta 421 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 422 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23 423 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 424 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 425 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 426 7:30 - WIT 1964 427 7:00 - WIT 428Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 429 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 430 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29 431 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 432 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 433 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 434 7:30 - WIT 1964 435 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1 436 7:00 - WIT 437Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 438 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 439 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9 440 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 441 8:00 - CIT 442Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 443 9:00 - EIT 1944 444 9:30 - CST 1964 445 9:00 - EIT 446 447# Iran 448 449# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 450# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 451# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 452# 453# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 454# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 455# 456# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 457# 458# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 459# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 460# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 461# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 462# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 463# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 464# 465# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 466# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 467# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 468# Shahrivar. 469# 470# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 471# 472# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 473# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 474# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 475# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 476# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 477# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 478# 479# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 480# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 481# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 482# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 483# plan to change that law.... 484# 485# From Paul Eggert (2005-04-05): 486# Go with Shanks before September 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 487# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 488# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 489# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 490# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 491# 492# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 493# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 494# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 495# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 496# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 497# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 498# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 499# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 500# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 501# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 502# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 503# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 504# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 505# 506# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 507Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 508Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 509Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 510Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 511Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 512Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 513Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 514Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 515Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 516Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 517Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 518Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 519Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 520Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 521Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 522Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 523Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 524Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 525Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 526Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 527Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 528Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 529Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 530Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 531Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 532Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 533Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 534Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 535Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 536Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 537Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 538Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 539Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 540Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 541Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 542Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 543Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 544Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 545Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 546Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 547Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 548Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 549Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 550Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 551Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 552Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 553Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 554Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 555Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 556# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 557Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 558 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 559 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 560 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 561 3:30 Iran IR%sT 562 563 564# Iraq 565# 566# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 567# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 568# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 569# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 570# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 571# 572# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 573# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 574# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 575# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 576# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 577# 578# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 579 580# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 581Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 582Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 583Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 584Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 585Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 586Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 587# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo. 588# Shanks says Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997 or 1999 on; ignore this. 589Rule Iraq 1991 max - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 590Rule Iraq 1991 max - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 591# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 592Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 593 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 594 3:00 - AST 1982 May 595 3:00 Iraq A%sT 596 597 598############################################################################### 599 600# Israel 601 602# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 603# 604# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 605# different abbreviations in use: 606# 607# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 608# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 609# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 610# 611# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 612# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 613# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 614# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 615# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 616# settings in Israeli computers. 617# 618# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 619# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 620# family is from India). 621 622# From Shanks: 623# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 624Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 625Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 626Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 627Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 628Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 629Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 630Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 631Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 632Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 633Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 634Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 635Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 636Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 637Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 638Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 639Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 640Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 641Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 642Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 643Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 644Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 645Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 646Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 647Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 648Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 649Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 650Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 651Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 652Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 653Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 654Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 655Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 656Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 657Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 658Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 659Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 660Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 661Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 662Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D 663Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 664 665# From Ephraim Silverberg 666# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 667# and 2005-02-17): 668 669# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 670# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 671# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 672# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 673# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 674# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 675# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 676# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 677# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 678# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 679# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 680# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 681# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 682# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 683# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 684# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 685# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 686# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 687# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 688# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 689# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 690# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 691 692# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 693Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 694Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 695Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 696Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 697Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 698Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 699Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 700Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 701Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 702Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 703 704# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 705# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 706# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 707 708# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 709Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 710Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 711Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 712Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 713 714# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 715# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 716# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 717# 718# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 719# 720# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 721# 722# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 723# 724# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 725# 726# where YYYY is the relevant year. 727 728# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 729Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 730Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 731Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 732Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 733Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 734Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 735Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 736Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 737 738# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 739# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 740# years 2001-2004 as well. 741# 742# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 743# 744# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 745# 746# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 747# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 748# 749# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 750 751# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 752Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 753Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 754Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 755Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 756Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 757Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 758Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 759Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 760Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 761Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 762 763# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 764# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 765# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 766# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 767# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 768# 769# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 770# 771# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 772 773# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22): 774# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 775# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 776# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 777# to generate the transitions in this list. 778# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 779# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule: 780# 781# Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 782# 783# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 784# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 785# springtime transitions explicitly. 786 787# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 788Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 789Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 790Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 791Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 792Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 793Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 794Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 795Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 796Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 797Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 798Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 799Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 800Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S 801Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 802Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 803Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 804Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 805Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 806Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 807Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 808Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 809Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 810Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 811Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 812Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 813Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 814Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 815Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 816Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 817Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 818Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S 819Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 820Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 821Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 822Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S 823Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 824Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 825Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 826Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 827Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S 828Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S 829Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 830Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S 831 832# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 833Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880 834 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 835 2:00 Zion I%sT 836 837 838 839############################################################################### 840 841# Japan 842 843# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris. 844 845# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 846# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 847# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued 848# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.'' 849 850# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times 851# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>: 852# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 853# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 854# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 855# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 856# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 857# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 858# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 859# wanted to keep it.) 860 861# Shanks writes that daylight saving in Japan during those years was as follows: 862# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 863Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 864Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 865Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 866Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 867# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 868# Shanks's audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 869# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 870# would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 871 872# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 873# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 874# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0. 875# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 876# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 877# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 878# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 879 880# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 881# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 882# which stands for the time on E 135 degree. 883# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 884# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 885# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard 886# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 887# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 888# standard.... 889# 890# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 891# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 892 893# Shanks claims JST in use since 1896, and that a few places (e.g. Ishigaki) 894# use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all ordinances took effect on Jan 1. 895 896# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 897Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 898 9:00 - JST 1896 899 9:00 - CJT 1938 900 9:00 Japan J%sT 901# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 902 903# Jordan 904# 905# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html"> 906# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 907# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 908# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 909# all year round. 910# 911# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html"> 912# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 913# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 914# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 915# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 916# government's departments from six to seven hours. 917# 918# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 919Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 920Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 921Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 922Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 923Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 924Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 925Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 926Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 927Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 928Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 929Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 930Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 931Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 932Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 933Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 934Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 935Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 936Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 937Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 938Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 939Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 940Rule Jordan 1999 max - Sep lastThu 0:00s 0 - 941Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 942# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 943Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 944 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 945 946 947# Kazakhstan 948 949# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 950# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan 951# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) 952# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. 953# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time 954# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. 955 956# From Paul Eggert (2001-10-18): 957# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses 958# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. 959# Go with Shanks, who has them always using RussiaAsia rules. 960# Also go with the following claims of Shanks: 961# 962# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. 963# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. 964# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. 965 966# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm"> 967# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21): 968# </a> 969# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 970# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 971# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 972# 973# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 974# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 975# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 976# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 977# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 978# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 979# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 980# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 981# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 982 983# 984# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 985# 986# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 987Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 988 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time 989 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 990 6:00 - ALMT 1992 991 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 992 6:00 - ALMT 993# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) 994Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 995 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time 996 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 997 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 998 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 999 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 1000 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1001 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1002 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 1003 6:00 - QYZT 1004# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk) 1005Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1006 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time 1007 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 1008 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 1009 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 1010 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 1011 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1012 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time 1013 5:00 - AQTT 1014# Mangghystau 1015# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1016# so include time stamps before 1963. 1017Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1018 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T 1019 5:00 - FORT 1963 1020 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time 1021 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 1022 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 1023 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1024 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time 1025 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 1026 5:00 - AQTT 1027# West Kazakhstan 1028Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1029 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time 1030 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 1031 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 1032 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 1033 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 1034 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 1035 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1036 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time 1037 5:00 - ORAT 1038 1039# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1040# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks. 1041 1042# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1043# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1044# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml> 1045# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1046# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1047 1048# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1049Rule Kirgiz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1050Rule Kirgiz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1051Rule Kirgiz 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1052Rule Kirgiz 1997 max - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1053# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1054Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1055 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 1056 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1057 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1058 5:00 Kirgiz KG%sT # Kirgizstan Time 1059 1060############################################################################### 1061 1062# Korea (North and South) 1063 1064# From Guy Harris: 1065# According to someone at the Korean Times in San Francisco, 1066# Daylight Savings Time was not observed until 1987. He did not know 1067# at what time of day DST starts or ends. 1068 1069# From Shanks: 1070# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1071Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 1072Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1073Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun<=14 0:00 1:00 D 1074Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun<=14 0:00 0 S 1075 1076# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1077Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890 1078 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1079 9:00 - KST 1928 1080 8:30 - KST 1932 1081 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1082 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1083 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct 1084 9:00 ROK K%sT 1085Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890 1086 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1087 9:00 - KST 1928 1088 8:30 - KST 1932 1089 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1090 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10 1091 9:00 - KST 1092 1093############################################################################### 1094 1095# Kuwait 1096# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1097Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 1098 3:00 - AST 1099 1100# Laos 1101# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1102Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan 1103 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1104 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1105 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1106 7:00 - ICT 1107 1108# Lebanon 1109# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1110Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1111Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1112Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1113Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1114Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1115Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1116Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1117Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1118Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1119Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1120Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1121Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1122Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1123Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1124Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1125Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1126Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1127Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1128Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1129Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1130Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1131Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1132Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1133Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1134# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1135Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 1136 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 1137 1138# Malaysia 1139# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1140Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 1141Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 1142# 1143# peninsular Malaysia 1144# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1145# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 1146# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1147Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1148 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1149 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1150 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1151 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1152 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1153 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1154 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 1155 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 1156# Sabah & Sarawak 1157# From Paul Eggert (2003-11-01): 1158# The data here are mostly from Shanks, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982 1159# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1160# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1161Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 1162 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1163 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1164 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1165 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 1166 8:00 - MYT 1167 1168# Maldives 1169# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1170Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 1171 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 1172 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 1173 1174# Mongolia 1175 1176# Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones, but usno1995 and the CIA map 1177# Standard Time Zones of the World (1997-01) 1178# both say that it has just one. 1179 1180# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 1181# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm"> 1182# General Information Mongolia 1183# </a> (1999-09) 1184# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 1185# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 1186# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 1187# eight hours." 1188 1189# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 1190# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 1191# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 1192# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 1193# of implementation may have been different.... 1194# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 1195# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 1196# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij. 1197 1198# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 1199# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 1200# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 1201# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 1202# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 1203# is good enough for our purposes. 1204 1205# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 1206# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 1207# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 1208# there are three time zones. 1209# 1210# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 1211# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov, 1212# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi 1213# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar 1214# 1215# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 1216 1217# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 1218# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 1219# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 1220# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 1221# 1222# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 1223# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 1224# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 1225 1226# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 1227# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 1228# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 1229# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 1230# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that 1231# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 1232# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 1233# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 1234# He also found 1235# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&> 1236# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 1237# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 1238# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 1239# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 1240# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 1241# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 1242# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 1243 1244# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1245Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1246Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1247# IATA SSIM says 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, but Shanks (1995) lists 1248# them at 02:00s, and McDow says the 2001 switches also occurred at 02:00. 1249# Also, IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks through 1998. 1250Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1251Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1252# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 1253Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1254Rule Mongol 2001 max - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 1255Rule Mongol 2002 max - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1256 1257# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1258# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 1259Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 1260 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 1261 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 1262# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 1263Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 1264 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 1265 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 1266# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 1267# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 1268Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 1269 7:00 - ULAT 1978 1270 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 1271 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT # Choibalsan Time 1272 1273# Nepal 1274# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1275Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 1276 5:30 - IST 1986 1277 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 1278 1279# Oman 1280# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1281Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920 1282 4:00 - GST 1283 1284# Pakistan 1285 1286# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 1287# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 1288# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 1289# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 1290# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 1291# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 1292 1293# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 1294# Jesper Norgaard found this URL: 1295# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 1296# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 1297# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 1298# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 1299# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 1300# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 1301# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 1302# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 1303# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 1304 1305# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 1306# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 1307# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 1308 1309# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 1310# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 1311# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 1312# 1313# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 1314# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 1315# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 1316# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 1317# 1318# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 1319# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 1320 1321 1322# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1323Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S 1324Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - 1325# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1326Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 1327 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 1328 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 1329 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 1330 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 1331 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 1332 1333# Palestine 1334 1335# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 1336# 1337# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 1338# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 1339# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 1340# 1341# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 1342# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 1343# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 1344# though. 1345# 1346# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 1347# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 1348# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 1349# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 1350# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 1351# East Jerusalem. 1352# 1353# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 1354# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 1355# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 1356# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 1357# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 1358# 1359# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 1360# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 1361# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 1362# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 1363# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 1364# Jordanian one). 1365# 1366# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 1367# 1368# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 1369# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 1370# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 1371# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 1372# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 1373# 1374# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 1375# have one). 1376 1377# From Paul Eggert (1998-02-25): 1378# Shanks writes that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but we'll go 1379# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 1380# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 1381# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 1382# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 1383# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 1384# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 1385# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 1386# to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please 1387# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions. 1388 1389# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 1390# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 1391# 1392# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 1393# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 1394# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 1395# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 1396 1397# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 1398# Daoud Kuttab writes in 1399# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html"> 1400# Holiday havoc 1401# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 1402# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 1403# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 1404# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 1405# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 1406 1407# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file. 1408# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1409Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1410Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1411Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1412Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 1413Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1414Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 1415 1416Rule Palestine 1999 max - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 1417Rule Palestine 1999 max - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1418 1419# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1420Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 1421 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 1422 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 1423 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 1424 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 1425 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 1426 1427# Paracel Is 1428# no information 1429 1430# Philippines 1431# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the 1432# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 1433# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a 1434# transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>. 1435# The rest of this data is from Shanks. 1436# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1437Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 1438Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 1439Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 1440Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 1441Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 1442Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1443# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1444Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 1445 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 1446 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 1447 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 1448 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1449 1450# Qatar 1451# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1452Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 1453 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 1454 3:00 - AST 1455 1456# Saudi Arabia 1457# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1458Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950 1459 3:00 - AST 1460 1461# Singapore 1462# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1463# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 1464# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1465Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1466 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1467 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1468 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1469 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1470 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1471 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1472 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 1473 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 1474 8:00 - SGT 1475 1476# Spratly Is 1477# no information 1478 1479# Sri Lanka 1480# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 1481# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 1482# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24, 1483# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 1484# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 1485# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.'' 1486# 1487# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 1488# by Shamindra in 1489# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net"> 1490# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26) 1491# </a>: 1492# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 1493# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 1494 1495# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1496Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 1497 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 1498 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 1499 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 1500 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 1501 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 1502 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 1503 6:00 - LKT 1504 1505# Syria 1506# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1507Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1508Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 1509Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 1510Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1511Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 1512Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1513Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1514Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1515Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 1516Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1517Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 1518Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 1519Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 1520Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1521Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 1522Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 1523Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 1524Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 1525Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 1526Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1527Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1528Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 1529Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1530Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1531Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1532Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 1533Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1534Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 1535# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 1536# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 1537# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 1538# ignore all these claims and go with Shanks. 1539Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1540Rule Syria 1994 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1541Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 1542Rule Syria 1999 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1543# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1544Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 1545 2:00 Syria EE%sT 1546 1547# Tajikistan 1548# From Shanks. 1549# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1550Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1551 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time 1552 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1553 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 1554 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time 1555 1556# Thailand 1557# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1558Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 1559 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 1560 7:00 - ICT 1561 1562# Turkmenistan 1563# From Shanks. 1564# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1565Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 1566 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time 1567 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 1568 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence 1569 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1570 5:00 - TMT 1571 1572# United Arab Emirates 1573# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1574Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 1575 4:00 - GST 1576 1577# Uzbekistan 1578# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1579Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1580 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time 1581 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 1582 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 1583 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 # Tashkent Time 1584 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 1585 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 1586 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993 1587 5:00 - UZT 1588Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1589 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 1590 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1591 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 1592 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 1593 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993 1594 5:00 - UZT 1595 1596# Vietnam 1597# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 1598# Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long. 1599# We'll stick with the traditional name for now. 1600# From Shanks: 1601# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1602Zone Asia/Saigon 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 1603 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1604 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1605 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1606 7:00 - ICT 1607 1608# Yemen 1609# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1610Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950 1611 3:00 - AST 1612