1# tzdb data for Asia and environs 2 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 8# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 9# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 10 11# From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19): 12# 13# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 14# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 15# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 16# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 17# 18# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 19# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 20# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 21# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 22# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 23# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 24# 25# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 27# I found in the UCLA library. 28# 29# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 30# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 31# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 32# 33# For Russian data circa 1919, a source is: 34# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 35# (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.) 36# 37# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 38# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 39# 40# The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables 41# (corrections are welcome): 42# std dst 43# LMT Local Mean Time 44# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 45# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 46# 5:30 IST India 47# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) 48# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) 49# 8:00 CST China 50# 8:00 PST PDT* Philippine Standard Time 51# 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830 52# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) 53# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 54# 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09 55# 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time 56# *I invented the abbreviation PDT; see "Philippines" below. 57# Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03 58# and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets. Although earlier 59# editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every 60# offset, this did not reflect common practice. 61# 62# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 63 64# From Guy Harris: 65# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 66# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 67# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 68# Worldwide Edition). 69 70############################################################################### 71 72# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. 73# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 74Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 75Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 76Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 77Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 - 78Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 79Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 80Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 81Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 82Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 83Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 84Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 85 86# Afghanistan 87# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 88Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 89 4:00 - +04 1945 90 4:30 - +0430 91 92# Armenia 93# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 94# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 95# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 96# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 97# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 98# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 99# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 100# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 101# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 102 103# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 104# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 105# follow Russia's "old" rules. 106 107# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 108# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 109# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 110# 111# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 112# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 113# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 114# or 115# (brief) 116# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 117# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 118Rule Armenia 2011 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 119Rule Armenia 2011 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 120# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 121Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 122 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 123 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 124 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 125 4:00 - +04 1997 126 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2011 127 4:00 Armenia +04/+05 128 129# Azerbaijan 130 131# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 132# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 133# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17). 134# http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf 135 136# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17): 137# ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to 138# daylight saving time.... 139# https://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html 140# http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html 141# http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html 142 143# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 144Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 - 145Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 146# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 147Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 148 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 149 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 150 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s 151 4:00 - +04 1996 152 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997 153 4:00 Azer +04/+05 154 155# Bahrain 156# See Asia/Qatar. 157 158# Bangladesh 159# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 160# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 161# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 162# 163# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 164# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 165# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 166# 167# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 168# June 169# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 170# crippling power crisis. " 171# 172# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 173# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 174 175# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 176# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 177# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 178# 179# Some sources: 180# https://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 181# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 182# 183# Our wrap-up: 184# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 185 186# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 187# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 188# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 189# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 190# 191# No DST end date has been announced yet. 192 193# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 194# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 195# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 196# 197# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 198# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 199# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 200# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 201 202# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 203# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 204# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 205# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 206# "continue for an indefinite period." 207# 208# One of many places where it is published: 209# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 210 211# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 212# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 213# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 214# 215# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 216# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 217# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 218# 219# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 220# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 221# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 222# Minister's Office last night..." 223 224# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 225# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 226# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 227# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 228# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 229 230# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 231Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 - 232Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 - 233 234# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 235Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 236 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 237 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15 238 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 239 6:30 - +0630 1951 Sep 30 240 6:00 - +06 2009 241 6:00 Dhaka +06/+07 242 243# Bhutan 244# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 245Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 246 5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct 247 6:00 - +06 248 249# British Indian Ocean Territory 250# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 251# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 252# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 253# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 254# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 255# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 256Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 257 5:00 - +05 1996 258 6:00 - +06 259 260# Brunei 261# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 262Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 263 7:30 - +0730 1933 264 8:00 - +08 265 266# Burma / Myanmar 267 268# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. 269 270# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): 271# Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is 272# used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead 273# of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630, 274# a transition for which Shanks is the only source. 275 276# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 277Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon 278 6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time 279 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 280 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3 281 6:30 - +0630 282 283# Cambodia 284# See Asia/Bangkok. 285 286 287# China 288 289# From Paul Eggert (2018-10-02): 290# The following comes from Table 1 of: 291# Li Yu. Research on the daylight saving movement in 1940s Shanghai. 292# Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences. 2014;(2):144-50. 293# http://oversea.cnki.net/kns55/detail.aspx?dbname=CJFD2014&filename=NJSH201402020 294# The table lists dates only; I am guessing 00:00 and 24:00 transition times. 295# Also, the table lists the planned end of DST in 1949, but the corresponding 296# zone line cuts this off on May 28, when the Communists took power. 297# 298# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 299Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 300Rule Shang 1940 only - Oct 12 24:00 0 S 301Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 302Rule Shang 1941 only - Nov 1 24:00 0 S 303Rule Shang 1942 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 D 304Rule Shang 1945 only - Sep 1 24:00 0 S 305Rule Shang 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 306Rule Shang 1946 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S 307Rule Shang 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 308Rule Shang 1947 only - Oct 31 24:00 0 S 309Rule Shang 1948 1949 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 310Rule Shang 1948 1949 - Sep 30 24:00 0 S #plan 311 312# From Guy Harris: 313# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 314 315# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 316# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 317# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 318# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 319# has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of 320# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 321# 322# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 323# painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for 324# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 325# 326# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 327# 1987 mid-April - ?? 328 329# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 330# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 331# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 332 333# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 334# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 335# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began 336# observing daylight saving time in 1986. 337 338# From P Chan (2018-05-07): 339# The start and end time of DST in China [from 1986 on] should be 2:00 340# (i.e. 2:00 to 3:00 at the start and 2:00 to 1:00 at the end).... 341# Government notices about summer time: 342# 343# 1986-04-12 http://www.zj.gov.cn/attach/zfgb/198608.pdf p.21-22 344# (To establish summer time from 1986. On 4 May, set the clocks ahead one hour 345# at 2 am. On 14 September, set the clocks backward one hour at 2 am.) 346# 347# 1987-02-15 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198703.pdf p.114 348# (Summer time in 1987 to start from 12 April until 13 September) 349# 350# 1987-09-09 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198721.pdf p.709 351# (From 1988, summer time to start from 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-April 352# until 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-September) 353# 354# 1992-03-03 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1992/gwyb199205.pdf p.152 355# (To suspend summer time from 1992) 356# 357# The first page of People's Daily on 12 April 1988 stating that summer time 358# to begin on 17 April. 359# http://data.people.com.cn/pic/101p/1988/04/1988041201.jpg 360 361# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 362Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 2:00 1:00 D 363Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 2:00 0 S 364Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=11 2:00 1:00 D 365 366# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 367# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 368# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 369# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 370# 371# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 372# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 373# https://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 374# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 375# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 376# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 377# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 378# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 379# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 380# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 381 382# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05): 383# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: 384# 385# (1) 386# Guo Qing-sheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 387# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC 388# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology 389# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料). 2003;24(1):5-9. 390# http://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ZGKS200301000&dbname=CJFD2003 391# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was 392# officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the 393# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not 394# been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar 395# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued 396# to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the 397# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it 398# could well have ignored any such mandate. 399# 400# (2) 401# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 402# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China 403# [undated and unknown publication location] 404# It says several things: 405# * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. 406# * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective 407# the official calendar book of 1914. 408# * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in 409# French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) 410# Observatory and set to local mean time. 411# * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. 412# * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) 413# eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it 414# became used by railways as well. 415# * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into 416# five time zones (see below for details). This caught on 417# at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. 418# * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice 419# this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in 420# Japanese-occupied territory. 421# * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. 422# * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into 423# place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear 424# how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. 425# * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. 426# 427# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the 428# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is 429# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour 430# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the 431# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08. 432# 433# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but 434# this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. 435# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and 436# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. 437# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice 438# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: 439# 440# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30 441# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. 442# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 443# 444# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08 445# Now part of Asia/Shanghai. 446# most of China 447# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest. 448# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century". 449# 450# Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07 451# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. 452# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 453# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong 454# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 455# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 456# 457# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06 458# This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with 459# current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that 460# disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here. 461# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 462# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 463# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 464# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 465# east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 466# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 467# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 468# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 469# 470# Kunlun Time UT +05:30 471# This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above). 472# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 473# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 474# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 475# and Yarkand. 476 477# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 478# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 479# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 480# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 481# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 482# they implicitly use Beijing time. 483# 484# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 485# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 486# hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang 487# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 488# local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in 489# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 490# "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 491# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 492# 493# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 494# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 495# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 496# 497# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 498# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 499# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 500# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 501# others moving their clocks ahead.) 502 503# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 504# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 505# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 506# 507# 1. Wulumuqi... 508# 2. Kashi... 509# 3. Urumqi... 510# 4. Kashgar... 511# ... 512# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 513# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 514# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 515# 516# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 517# start date for Xinjiang time. 518# 519# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 520# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 521# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 522# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 523 524# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): 525# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986: 526# https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html 527 528# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): 529# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from 530# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's 531# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David 532# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially 533# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least 534# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time; 535# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers 536# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some 537# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only 538# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as 539# having the same time as Beijing. 540 541# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 542# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06) 543# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun, 544# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN 545# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. 546# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. 547# 548# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see 549# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" 550# <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). 551# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. 552# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty, 553# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan 554# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of 555# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be 556# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to 557# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, 558# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a 559# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before 560# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and 561# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the 562# +08 mandate back then. 563 564# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 565# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. 566Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 567 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 May 28 568 8:00 PRC C%sT 569# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi 570# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) 571Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 572 6:00 - +06 573 574 575# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 576 577# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. 578 579# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 580# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 581# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 582# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 583# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 584# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 585# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 586# obtained from 587# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 588 589# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 590# According to Singaporean newspaper 591# http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepresswk19041102-1.2.37 592# the day that Hong Kong start using GMT+8 should be Oct 30, 1904. 593# 594# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-17): 595# Hong Kong had a time ball near the Marine Police Station, Tsim Sha Tsui. 596# "The ball was raised manually each day and dropped at exactly 1pm 597# (except on Sundays and Government holidays)." 598# Dyson AD. From Time Ball to Atomic Clock. Hong Kong Government. 1983. 599# <https://www.hko.gov.hk/publica/gen_pub/timeball_atomic_clock.pdf> 600# "From 1904 October 30 the time-ball at Hong Kong has been dropped by order 601# of the Governor of the Colony at 17h 0m 0s G.M.T., which is 23m 18s.14 in 602# advance of 1h 0m 0s of Hong Kong mean time." 603# Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc. 604# 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382 605# 606# From Joseph Myers (2018-11-18): 607# An astronomer before 1925 referring to GMT would have been using the old 608# astronomical convention where the day started at noon, not midnight. 609# 610# From Steve Allen (2018-11-17): 611# Meteorological Observations made at the Hongkong Observatory in the year 1904 612# page 4 <https://books.google.com/books?id=kgw5AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA4-PA4> 613# ... the log of drop times in Table II shows that on Sunday 1904-10-30 the 614# ball was dropped. So that looks like a special case drop for the sake 615# of broadcasting the new local time. 616# 617# From Phake Nick (2018-11-18): 618# According to The Hong Kong Weekly Press, 1904-10-29, p.324, the 619# governor of Hong Kong at the time stated that "We are further desired to 620# make it known that the change will be effected by firing the gun and by the 621# dropping of the Ball at 23min. 18sec. before one." 622# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 623# See <https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk> for this; unfortunately Flash is required. 624 625# From Phake Nick (2018-10-26): 626# I went to check microfilm records stored at Hong Kong Public Library.... 627# on September 30 1941, according to Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong edition), it was 628# stated that fallback would occur on the next day (the 1st)'s "03:00 am (Hong 629# Kong Time 04:00 am)" and the clock will fall back for a half hour. (03:00 630# probably refer to the time commonly used in mainland China at the time given 631# the paper's background) ... the sunrise/sunset time given by South China 632# Morning Post for October 1st was indeed moved by half an hour compares to 633# before. After that, in December, the battle to capture Hong Kong started and 634# the library doesn't seems to have any record stored about press during that 635# period of time. Some media resumed publication soon after that within the 636# same month, but there were not much information about time there. Later they 637# started including a radio program guide when they restored radio service, 638# explicitly mentioning it use Tokyo standard time, and later added a note 639# saying it's half an hour ahead of the old Hong Kong standard time, and it 640# also seems to indicate that Hong Kong was not using GMT+8 when it was 641# captured by Japan. 642# 643# Image of related sections on newspaper: 644# * 1941-09-30, Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong), "Winter Time start tomorrow". 645# https://i.imgur.com/6waY51Z.jpg (Chinese) 646# * 1941-09-29, South China Morning Post, Information on sunrise/sunset 647# time and other things for September 30 and October 1. 648# https://i.imgur.com/kCiUR78.jpg 649# * 1942-02-05. The Hong Kong News, Radio Program Guide. 650# https://i.imgur.com/eVvDMzS.jpg 651# * 1941-06-14. Hong Kong Daily Press, Daylight Saving from 3am Tomorrow. 652# https://i.imgur.com/05KkvtC.png 653# * 1941-09-30, Hong Kong Daily Press, Winter Time Warning. 654# https://i.imgur.com/dge4kFJ.png 655 656# From P Chan (2018-12-31): 657# * According to the Hong Kong Daylight-Saving Regulations, 1941, the 658# 1941 spring-forward transition was at 03:00. 659# http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/304271.pdf 660# http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/305516.pdf 661# * According to some articles from South China Morning Post, +08 was 662# resumed on 1945-11-18 at 02:00. 663# https://i.imgur.com/M2IsZ3c.png 664# https://i.imgur.com/iOPqrVo.png 665# https://i.imgur.com/fffcGDs.png 666# * Some newspapers ... said the 1946 spring-forward transition was on 667# 04-21 at 00:00. The Kung Sheung Evening News 1946-04-20 (Chinese) 668# https://i.imgur.com/ZSzent0.png 669# https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2FH7zGe%2FKF%2BFLYsuqGhRBfe p.4 670# The Kung Sheung Daily News 1946-04-21 (Chinese) 671# https://i.imgur.com/7ecmRlcm.png 672# https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2BQBGt1%2BwUj5qG2GqtwR3Wh p.4 673# * According to the Summer Time Ordinance (1946), the fallback 674# transitions between 1946 and 1952 were at 03:30 Standard Time (+08) 675# http://oelawhk.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/bb74b06a74d5294620a15de560ab33c6.pdf 676# * Some other laws and regulations related to DST from 1953 to 1979 677# Summer Time Ordinance 1953 678# https://i.imgur.com/IOlJMav.jpg 679# Summer Time (Amendment) Ordinance 1965 680# https://i.imgur.com/8rofeLa.jpg 681# Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance (1966) 682# https://i.imgur.com/joy3msj.jpg 683# Emergency (Summer Time) Regulation 1973 <https://i.imgur.com/OpRWrKz.jpg> 684# Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance 1977 685# https://i.imgur.com/RaNqnc4.jpg 686# Resolution of the Legislative Council passed on 9 May 1979 687# https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr78-79/english/lc_sitg/hansard/h790509.pdf#page=39 688 689# From Paul Eggert (2019-05-31): 690# Here are the dates given at 691# https://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 692# as of 2014-06-19: 693# Year Period 694# 1941 15 Jun to 30 Sep 695# 1942 Whole year 696# 1943 Whole year 697# 1944 Whole year 698# 1945 Whole year 699# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 700# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Nov 701# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 702# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 703# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 704# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 705# 1952 6 Apr to 2 Nov 706# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 707# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 708# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 709# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 710# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 711# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 712# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 713# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 714# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 715# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 716# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 717# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 718# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 719# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 720# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 721# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 722# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 723# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 724# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 725# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 726# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 727# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 728# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 729# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 730# 1977 Nil 731# 1978 Nil 732# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 733# 1980 to Now Nil 734# The page does not give times of day for transitions, 735# or dates for the 1942 and 1945 transitions. 736# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began 1941-12-25. 737 738# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 739Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 21 0:00 1:00 S 740Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30s 0 - 741Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30s 1:00 S 742Rule HK 1947 only - Nov 30 3:30s 0 - 743Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30s 1:00 S 744Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct Sun>=28 3:30s 0 - 745Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 746Rule HK 1953 1964 - Oct Sun>=31 3:30 0 - 747Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 748Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 749Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 750Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 751Rule HK 1979 only - May 13 3:30 1:00 S 752Rule HK 1979 only - Oct 21 3:30 0 - 753# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 754Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 0:36:42 755 8:00 - HKT 1941 Jun 15 3:00 756 8:00 1:00 HKST 1941 Oct 1 4:00 757 8:30 - HKT 1941 Dec 25 758 9:00 - JST 1945 Nov 18 2:00 759 8:00 HK HK%sT 760 761############################################################################### 762 763# Taiwan 764 765# From smallufo (2010-04-03): 766# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], 767# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 768# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 769 770# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 771# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of 772# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that 773# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands 774# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on 775# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be 776# found on Wikisource: 777# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 778# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because 779# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone 780# declared officially. 781# 782# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa 783# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of 784# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard 785# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in 786# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan 787# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time 788# (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can 789# be found on Wikisource: 790# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 791# 792# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UT+9 on Oct 1, 1937. 793 794# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 795# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UT+9 796# back to UT+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document 797# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time 798# zone back to Western Standard Time (UT+8) on Sep 21. And in another 799# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a 800# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two 801# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And 802# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" 803# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact 804# that: 805# 806# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using 807# the time at 135E (GMT+9) 808# 809# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan 810# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, 811# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called 812# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. 813# 814# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the 815# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard 816# Time. 817# 818# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: 819# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037 820# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: 821# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm 822# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: 823# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf 824 825# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): 826# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to 827# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General 828# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... 829# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local 830# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on 831# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more 832# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the 833# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this 834# would be a good one. 835# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: 836# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener 837 838# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 839# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from 840# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. 841# 842# Original Bulletin: 843# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF 844# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.) 845# 846# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that 847# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: 848# 849# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431 850# 851# Here is a brief translation: 852# 853# The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 854# midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time 855# adoption till Oct 31 midnight. 856# 857# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can 858# be found from historical government announcement database. 859 860# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): 861# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01 862# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. 863# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. 864 865# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 866Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 867Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 868Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 869Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 870Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 871Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 872Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 873Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 874Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 875Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 876Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 877Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 878Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 879Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D 880Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 881 882# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 883# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei 884Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 885 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1 886 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00 887 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 888 889# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 890# 891# From P Chan (2018-05-10): 892# * LegisMac 893# http://legismac.safp.gov.mo/legismac/descqry/Descqry.jsf?lang=pt 894# A database for searching titles of legal documents of Macau in 895# Chinese and Portuguese. The term "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" can be used for 896# searching decrees about summer time. 897# * Archives of Macao 898# http://www.archives.gov.mo/en/bo/ 899# It contains images of old official gazettes. 900# * The Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau have a page listing the 901# summer time history. But it is not complete and has some mistakes. 902# http://www.smg.gov.mo/smg/geophysics/e_t_Summer%20Time.htm 903# Macau adopted GMT+8 on 30 Oct 1904 to follow Hong Kong. Clocks were 904# advanced by 25 minutes and 50 seconds. Which means the LMT used was 905# +7:34:10. As stated in the "Portaria No. 204" dated 21 October 1904 906# and published in the Official Gazette on 29 October 1904. 907# http://igallery.icm.gov.mo/Images/Archives/BO/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10_00025_Grey.JPG 908# 909# Therefore the 1911 decree of Portugal did not change time in Macau. 910# 911# From LegisMac, here is a list of decrees that changed the time ... 912# [Decree Gazette-no. date; titles omitted in this quotation] 913# DIL 732 BOCM 51 1941.12.20 914# DIL 764 BOCM 9S 1942.04.30 915# DIL 781 BOCM 21 1942.10.10 916# PT 3434 BOCM 8S 1943.04.17 917# PT 3504 BOCM 20 1943.09.25 918# PT 3843 BOCM 39 1945.09.29 919# PT 3961 BOCM 17 1946.04.27 920# PT 4026 BOCM 39 1946.09.28 921# PT 4153 BOCM 16 1947.04.10 922# PT 4271 BOCM 48 1947.11.29 923# PT 4374 BOCM 18 1948.05.01 924# PT 4465 BOCM 44 1948.10.30 925# PT 4590 BOCM 14 1949.04.02 926# PT 4666 BOCM 44 1949.10.29 927# PT 4771 BOCM 12 1950.03.25 928# PT 4838 BOCM 43 1950.10.28 929# PT 4946 BOCM 12 1951.03.24 930# PT 5025 BO 43 1951.10.27 931# PT 5149 BO 14 1952.04.05 932# PT 5251 BO 43 1952.10.25 933# PT 5366 BO 13 1953.03.28 934# PT 5444 BO 44 1953.10.31 935# PT 5540 BO 12 1954.03.20 936# PT 5589 BO 44 1954.10.30 937# PT 5676 BO 12 1955.03.19 938# PT 5739 BO 45 1955.11.05 939# PT 5823 BO 11 1956.03.17 940# PT 5891 BO 44 1956.11.03 941# PT 5981 BO 12 1957.03.23 942# PT 6064 BO 43 1957.10.26 943# PT 6172 BO 12 1958.03.22 944# PT 6243 BO 43 1958.10.25 945# PT 6341 BO 12 1959.03.21 946# PT 6411 BO 43 1959.10.24 947# PT 6514 BO 11 1960.03.12 948# PT 6584 BO 44 1960.10.29 949# PT 6721 BO 10 1961.03.11 950# PT 6815 BO 43 1961.10.28 951# PT 6947 BO 10 1962.03.10 952# PT 7080 BO 43 1962.10.27 953# PT 7218 BO 12 1963.03.23 954# PT 7340 BO 43 1963.10.26 955# PT 7491 BO 11 1964.03.14 956# PT 7664 BO 43 1964.10.24 957# PT 7846 BO 15 1965.04.10 958# PT 7979 BO 42 1965.10.16 959# PT 8146 BO 15 1966.04.09 960# PT 8252 BO 41 1966.10.08 961# PT 8429 BO 15 1967.04.15 962# PT 8540 BO 41 1967.10.14 963# PT 8735 BO 15 1968.04.13 964# PT 8860 BO 41 1968.10.12 965# PT 9035 BO 16 1969.04.19 966# PT 9156 BO 42 1969.10.18 967# PT 9328 BO 15 1970.04.11 968# PT 9418 BO 41 1970.10.10 969# PT 9587 BO 14 1971.04.03 970# PT 9702 BO 41 1971.10.09 971# PT 38-A/72 BO 14 1972.04.01 972# PT 126-A/72 BO 41 1972.10.07 973# PT 61/73 BO 14 1973.04.07 974# PT 182/73 BO 40 1973.10.06 975# PT 282/73 BO 51 1973.12.22 976# PT 177/74 BO 41 1974.10.12 977# PT 51/75 BO 15 1975.04.12 978# PT 173/75 BO 41 1975.10.11 979# PT 67/76/M BO 14 1976.04.03 980# PT 169/76/M BO 41 1976.10.09 981# PT 78/79/M BO 19 1979.05.12 982# PT 166/79/M BO 42 1979.10.20 983# Note that DIL 732 does not belong to "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" according to 984# LegisMac.... Note that between 1942 and 1945, the time switched 985# between GMT+9 and GMT+10. Also in 1965 and 1965 the DST ended at 2:30am. 986 987# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-10): 988# The 1904 decree says that Macau changed from the meridian of 989# Fortaleza do Monte, presumably the basis for the 7:34:10 for LMT. 990 991# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 992Rule Macau 1942 1943 - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 - 993Rule Macau 1942 only - Nov 17 23:00 0 - 994Rule Macau 1943 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 S 995Rule Macau 1946 only - Apr 30 23:00s 1:00 D 996Rule Macau 1946 only - Sep 30 23:00s 0 S 997Rule Macau 1947 only - Apr 19 23:00s 1:00 D 998Rule Macau 1947 only - Nov 30 23:00s 0 S 999Rule Macau 1948 only - May 2 23:00s 1:00 D 1000Rule Macau 1948 only - Oct 31 23:00s 0 S 1001Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D 1002Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S 1003Rule Macau 1951 only - Mar 31 23:00s 1:00 D 1004Rule Macau 1951 only - Oct 28 23:00s 0 S 1005Rule Macau 1952 1953 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D 1006Rule Macau 1952 only - Nov 1 23:00s 0 S 1007Rule Macau 1953 1954 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S 1008Rule Macau 1954 1956 - Mar Sat>=17 23:00s 1:00 D 1009Rule Macau 1955 only - Nov 5 23:00s 0 S 1010Rule Macau 1956 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 03:30 0 S 1011Rule Macau 1957 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 03:30 1:00 D 1012Rule Macau 1965 1973 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D 1013Rule Macau 1965 1966 - Oct Sun>=16 02:30 0 S 1014Rule Macau 1967 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S 1015Rule Macau 1973 only - Dec 30 03:30 1:00 D 1016Rule Macau 1975 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D 1017Rule Macau 1979 only - May 13 03:30 1:00 D 1018Rule Macau 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S 1019 1020# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1021Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:10 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 1022 8:00 - CST 1941 Dec 21 23:00 1023 9:00 Macau +09/+10 1945 Sep 30 24:00 1024 8:00 Macau C%sT 1025 1026 1027############################################################################### 1028 1029# Cyprus 1030 1031# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. 1032# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 1033 1034# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09): 1035# Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's 1036# lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round. 1037# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/ 1038# 1039# From Even Scharning (2016-10-31): 1040# Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night. 1041# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/ 1042 1043# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1044# Northern Cyprus will reinstate winter time on October 29, thus 1045# staying in sync with the rest of Cyprus. See: Anastasiou A. 1046# Cyprus to remain united in time. Cyprus Mail 2017-10-17. 1047# https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/10/17/cyprus-remain-united-time/ 1048 1049# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1050Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 1051Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 1052Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 1053Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 1054Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1055Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 1056Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 1057Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1058Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1059# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1060Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 1061 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 1062 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 1063Zone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 1064 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 1065 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8 1066 3:00 - +03 2017 Oct 29 1:00u 1067 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 1068 1069# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 1070# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 1071Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 1072 1073# Georgia 1074# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 1075# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 1076# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 1077# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 1078# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 1079# 1080# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 1081# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 1082# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 1083# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 1084# 1085# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 1086# 1087# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 1088# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 1089# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 1090# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 1091# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 1092# of integration into Europe. 1093 1094# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 1095# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 1096# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 1097# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 1098# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 1099# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 1100# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 1101# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 1102# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 1103 1104# Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7. 1105# Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11. 1106# Go with Byalokoz. 1107 1108# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1109Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880 1110 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 1111 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 1112 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1113 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 1114 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun 1115 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun 1116 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun 1117 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27 1118 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 1119 4:00 - +04 1120 1121# East Timor 1122 1123# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 1124 1125# From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 1126# East Timor may be late for its millennium 1127# <https://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31): 1128# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 1129# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 1130# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 1131# conflicts with their way of life. 1132 1133# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 1134# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 1135# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 1136 1137# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 1138# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html 1139# (2000-08-16): 1140# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 1141# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 1142# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 1143# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 1144 1145# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1146Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1147 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00 1148 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3 1149 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00 1150 9:00 - +09 1151 1152# India 1153 1154# British astronomer Henry Park Hollis disliked India Standard Time's offset: 1155# "A new time system has been proposed for India, Further India, and Burmah. 1156# The scheme suggested is that the times of the meridians 5½ and 6½ hours 1157# east of Greenwich should be adopted in these territories. No reason is 1158# given why hourly meridians five hours and six hours east should not be 1159# chosen; a plan which would bring the time of India into harmony with 1160# that of almost the whole of the civilised world." 1161# Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc. 1162# 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382 1163 1164# From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic 1165# https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/ 1166# (2015-12-22): 1167# In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the 1168# outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of 1169# local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this 1170# dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century. 1171 1172# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): 1173# Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India. 1174# "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic 1175# measurements on Göttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras 1176# (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time, 1177# and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time: 1178# 19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19. 1179# "A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present 1180# standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time. The citizen of 1181# Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of 1182# his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat 1183# of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change 1184# the time they are using, for that of what they regard as a benighted 1185# Presidency; while Madras, having for long given the standard time to the 1186# rest of India, would resist the adoption of any other Indian standard in its 1187# place." -- Oldham RD. On Time in India: a suggestion for its improvement. 1188# Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (April 1899), 49-55. 1189# 1190# "In 1870 ... Madras time - 'now used by the telegraph and regulated from the 1191# only government observatory' - was suggested as a standard railway time, 1192# first to be adopted on the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR).... 1193# Calcutta, Bombay, and Karachi, were to be allowed to continue with their 1194# local time for civil purposes." - Prasad R. Tracks of Change: Railways and 1195# Everyday Life in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press (2016), 145. 1196# 1197# Reed S, Low F. The Indian Year Book 1936-37. Bennett, Coleman, pp 27-8. 1198# https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282212 1199# This lists +052110 as Madras local time used in railways, and says that on 1200# 1906-01-01 railways and telegraphs in India switched to +0530. Some 1201# municipalities retained their former time, and the time in Calcutta 1202# continued to depend on whether you were at the railway station or at 1203# government offices. Government time was at +055320 (according to Shanks) or 1204# at +0554 (according to the Indian Year Book). Railway time is more 1205# appropriate for our purposes, as it was better documented, it is what we do 1206# elsewhere (e.g., Europe/London before 1880), and after 1906 it was 1207# consistent in the region now identified by Asia/Kolkata. So, use railway 1208# time for 1870-1941. Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the 1209# 1941-1945 data. 1210 1211# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1212Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata 1213 5:53:20 - HMT 1870 # Howrah Mean Time? 1214 5:21:10 - MMT 1906 Jan 1 # Madras local time 1215 5:30 - IST 1941 Oct 1216 5:30 1:00 +0630 1942 May 15 1217 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 1218 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 1219 5:30 - IST 1220# Since 1970 the following are like Asia/Kolkata: 1221# Andaman Is 1222# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 1223# Nicobar Is 1224 1225# Indonesia 1226# 1227# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): 1228# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia 1229# civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta. 1230# 1231# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 1232# http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime 1233# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 1234# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 1235# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 1236# 1237# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 1238# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 1239# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 1240# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 1241# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 1242# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 1243# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 1244# Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions 1245# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 1246# from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 1247# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 1248# switched on 1945-09-23. 1249# 1250# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 1251# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in 1252# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even 1253# when writing in English. For example, see the English-language 1254# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the 1255# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, 1256# Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29). 1257# The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are: 1258# 1259# WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) 1260# WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) 1261# WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) 1262# 1263# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1264# Java, Sumatra 1265Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 1266# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 1267# but this must be a typo. 1268 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia 1269 7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov 1270 7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23 1271 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1272 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 1273 8:00 - +08 1950 May 1274 7:30 - +0730 1964 1275 7:00 - WIB 1276# west and central Borneo 1277Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 1278 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 1279 7:30 - +0730 1942 Jan 29 1280 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1281 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 1282 8:00 - +08 1950 May 1283 7:30 - +0730 1964 1284 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 1285 7:00 - WIB 1286# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo 1287Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 1288 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 1289 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 9 1290 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1291 8:00 - WITA 1292# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua 1293Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 1294 9:00 - +09 1944 Sep 1 1295 9:30 - +0930 1964 1296 9:00 - WIT 1297 1298# Iran 1299 1300# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 1301# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 1302# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 1303# 1304# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 1305# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 1306# 1307# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 1308# 1309# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 1310# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 1311# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 1312# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 1313# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 1314# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 1315# 1316# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 1317# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 1318# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 1319# Shahrivar. 1320# 1321# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 1322# 1323# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 1324# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 1325# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 1326# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 1327# 1328# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 1329# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 1330# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 1331# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 1332# plan to change that law.... 1333# 1334# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-30): 1335# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 1336# I used the following code in GNU Emacs 26.1 to generate the "Rule Iran" 1337# lines from 2008 through 2087. Emacs 26.1 uses Ed Reingold's 1338# cal-persia implementation of Birashk's approximation, which in the 1339# 2008-2087 range disagrees with the astronomical Persian calendar 1340# for Persian years 1404 (Gregorian 2025) and 1437 (Gregorian 2058), so 1341# the following code special-cases those years. See Table 15.1, page 264, of: 1342# Edward M. Reingold and Nachum Dershowitz, Calendrical Calculations: 1343# The Ultimate Edition, Cambridge University Press (2018). 1344# https://www.cambridge.org/fr/academic/subjects/computer-science/computing-general-interest/calendrical-calculations-ultimate-edition-4th-edition 1345# Page 258, footnote 2, of this book says there is some dispute over what will 1346# happen in 2091 (and some other years after that), so this code 1347# stops in 2087, as 2088 and 2089 agree with the "max" rule below. 1348# (cl-loop 1349# initially (require 'cal-persia) 1350# with first-persian-year = 1387 1351# with last-persian-year = 1466 1352# ;; Exceptional years in the above range, 1353# ;; from Reingold & Dershowitz Table 15.1, page 264: 1354# with exceptional-persian-years = '(1404 1437) 1355# with range-start = nil 1356# for persian-year from first-persian-year to last-persian-year 1357# do 1358# (let* 1359# ((exceptional-year-offset 1360# (if (member persian-year exceptional-persian-years) 1 0)) 1361# (beg-dst-absolute 1362# (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 persian-year)) 1363# exceptional-year-offset)) 1364# (end-dst-absolute 1365# (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 6 30 persian-year)) 1366# exceptional-year-offset)) 1367# (next-year-beg-dst-absolute 1368# (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 (1+ persian-year))) 1369# (if (member (1+ persian-year) exceptional-persian-years) 1 0))) 1370# (beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute beg-dst-absolute)) 1371# (end-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute end-dst-absolute)) 1372# (next-year-beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute 1373# next-year-beg-dst-absolute)) 1374# (year (calendar-extract-year beg-dst)) 1375# (range-end (if range-start year "only"))) 1376# (setq range-start (or range-start year)) 1377# (when (or (/= (calendar-extract-day beg-dst) 1378# (calendar-extract-day next-year-beg-dst)) 1379# (= persian-year last-persian-year)) 1380# (insert 1381# (format 1382# "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\t-\n" 1383# range-start range-end 1384# (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month beg-dst) t) 1385# (calendar-extract-day beg-dst))) 1386# (insert 1387# (format 1388# "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n" 1389# range-start range-end 1390# (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month end-dst) t) 1391# (calendar-extract-day end-dst))) 1392# (setq range-start nil)))) 1393# 1394# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 1395# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 1396# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 1397# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 1398# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 1399# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 1400# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 1401# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 1402# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 1403# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 1404# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 1405# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 1406# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 1407# 1408# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 1409# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 1410# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 1411# 1412# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen: 1413# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 1414# daylight saving time ... 1415# https://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 1416# 1417# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 1418# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 1419# Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 1420# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 1421# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 1422# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 1423# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 1424# thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 1425# 1426# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1427Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1428Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 20 24:00 0 - 1429Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 - 1430Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 22 24:00 0 - 1431Rule Iran 1991 only - May 2 24:00 1:00 - 1432Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1433Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1434Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1435Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1436Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1437Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1438Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1439Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1440Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1441Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1442Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1443Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1444Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1445Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1446Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1447Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1448Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1449Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1450Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1451Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1452Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1453Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1454Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1455Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1456Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1457Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1458Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1459Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1460Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1461Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1462Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1463Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1464Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1465Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1466Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1467Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1468Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1469Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1470Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1471Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1472Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1473Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1474Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1475Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1476Rule Iran 2038 2039 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1477Rule Iran 2038 2039 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1478Rule Iran 2040 2041 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1479Rule Iran 2040 2041 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1480Rule Iran 2042 2043 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1481Rule Iran 2042 2043 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1482Rule Iran 2044 2045 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1483Rule Iran 2044 2045 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1484Rule Iran 2046 2047 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1485Rule Iran 2046 2047 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1486Rule Iran 2048 2049 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1487Rule Iran 2048 2049 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1488Rule Iran 2050 2051 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1489Rule Iran 2050 2051 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1490Rule Iran 2052 2053 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1491Rule Iran 2052 2053 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1492Rule Iran 2054 2055 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1493Rule Iran 2054 2055 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1494Rule Iran 2056 2057 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1495Rule Iran 2056 2057 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1496Rule Iran 2058 2059 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1497Rule Iran 2058 2059 - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1498Rule Iran 2060 2062 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1499Rule Iran 2060 2062 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1500Rule Iran 2063 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1501Rule Iran 2063 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1502Rule Iran 2064 2066 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1503Rule Iran 2064 2066 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1504Rule Iran 2067 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1505Rule Iran 2067 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1506Rule Iran 2068 2070 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1507Rule Iran 2068 2070 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1508Rule Iran 2071 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1509Rule Iran 2071 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1510Rule Iran 2072 2074 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1511Rule Iran 2072 2074 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1512Rule Iran 2075 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1513Rule Iran 2075 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1514Rule Iran 2076 2078 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1515Rule Iran 2076 2078 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1516Rule Iran 2079 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1517Rule Iran 2079 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1518Rule Iran 2080 2082 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1519Rule Iran 2080 2082 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1520Rule Iran 2083 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1521Rule Iran 2083 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1522Rule Iran 2084 2086 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1523Rule Iran 2084 2086 - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1524Rule Iran 2087 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 - 1525Rule Iran 2087 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 1526# 1527# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2088. 1528# These are the best post-2088 approximations available, given the 1529# restrictions of a single rule using ordinary Gregorian dates. 1530# At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite 1531# possibly Iran will change the rules first. 1532Rule Iran 2088 max - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 - 1533Rule Iran 2088 max - Sep 20 24:00 0 - 1534 1535# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1536Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 1537 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 1538 3:30 - +0330 1977 Nov 1539 4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979 1540 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430 1541 1542 1543# Iraq 1544# 1545# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 1546# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 1547# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 1548# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 1549# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 1550# 1551# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 1552# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 1553# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 1554# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 1555# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 1556# 1557# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 1558 1559# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 1560# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 1561# news sources (in Arabic): 1562# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 1563# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 1564# 1565# We have published a short article in English about the change: 1566# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 1567 1568# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1569Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 1570Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1571Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 - 1572Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 1573Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1574Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 - 1575# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo. 1576# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 1577# 1578Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 - 1579Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 - 1580# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1581Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 1582 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 1583 3:00 - +03 1982 May 1584 3:00 Iraq +03/+04 1585 1586 1587############################################################################### 1588 1589# Israel 1590 1591# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 1592# 1593# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 1594# different abbreviations in use: 1595# 1596# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 1597# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 1598# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 1599# 1600# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 1601# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 1602# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 1603# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 1604# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 1605# settings in Israeli computers. 1606# 1607# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 1608# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 1609# family is from India). 1610 1611# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1612# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1613Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1614Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1615Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1616Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1617Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1618Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1619Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 1620Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1621Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 1622Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 1623Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1624Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1625Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1626Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 1627Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1628Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 1629Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 1630Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 1631Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 1632Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 1633Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 1634Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 1635Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 1636Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 1637Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 1638Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 1639Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 1640Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1641Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 1642Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 1643Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 1644Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 1645 1646# From Alois Treindl (2019-03-06): 1647# http://www.moin.gov.il/Documents/שעון%20קיץ/clock-50-years-7-2014.pdf 1648# From Isaac Starkman (2019-03-06): 1649# Summer time was in that period in 1980 and 1984, see 1650# https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3951073,00.html 1651# You can of course read it in translation. 1652# I checked the local newspapers for that years. 1653# It started on midnight and end at 01.00 am. 1654# From Paul Eggert (2019-03-06): 1655# Also see this thread about the moin.gov.il URL: 1656# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-November/027194.html 1657Rule Zion 1980 only - Aug 2 0:00 1:00 D 1658Rule Zion 1980 only - Sep 13 1:00 0 S 1659Rule Zion 1984 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D 1660Rule Zion 1984 only - Aug 25 1:00 0 S 1661 1662# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1663Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 1664Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 1665Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 1666Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 1667Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 1668Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1669 1670# From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05): 1671# I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the 1672# [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath 1673# ends and changes to Sunday. 1674Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D 1675Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S 1676 1677# From Ephraim Silverberg 1678# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1679# and 2005-02-17): 1680 1681# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1682# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1683# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1684# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1685# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1686# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1687# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1688# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1689# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1690# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1691# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1692# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1693# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1694# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1695# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1696# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1697# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1698# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1699# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1700# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1701# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1702# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1703 1704# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1705Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 1706Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1707Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 1708Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 1709Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 1710Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 1711Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 1712Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1713Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1714Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1715 1716# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1717# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1718# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1719 1720# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1721Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1722Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1723Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1724Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1725 1726# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1727# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1728# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1729# 1730# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1731# 1732# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1733# 1734# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1735# 1736# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1737# 1738# where YYYY is the relevant year. 1739 1740# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1741Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 1742Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 1743Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1744Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 1745Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1746Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1747Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1748Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1749 1750# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1751# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1752# years 2001-2004 as well. 1753# 1754# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1755# 1756# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1757# 1758# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1759# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1760# 1761# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1762 1763# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1764Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1765Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1766Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1767Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1768Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1769Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1770Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1771Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1772Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1773Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1774 1775# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1776# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1777# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1778# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1779# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1780# 1781# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1782# 1783# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1784 1785# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1786Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Apr Fri<=1 2:00 1:00 D 1787Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1788Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1789Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1790Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1791Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1792Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1793Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1794Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1795 1796# From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27): 1797# On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the 1798# Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading 1799# in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third 1800# (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013. 1801# 1802# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday 1803# in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October. 1804 1805# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1806Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D 1807Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1808 1809# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1810Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 1811 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1812 2:00 Zion I%sT 1813 1814 1815 1816############################################################################### 1817 1818# Japan 1819 1820# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. 1821 1822# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1823# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1824# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued 1825# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." 1826 1827# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times: 1828# http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm 1829# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1830# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1831# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1832# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1833# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1834# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1835# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1836# wanted to keep it.) 1837 1838# From Takayuki Nikai (2018-01-19): 1839# The source of information is Japanese law. 1840# http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00219480428029.htm 1841# http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00719500331039.htm 1842# ... In summary, it is written as follows. From 24:00 on the first Saturday 1843# in May, until 0:00 on the day after the second Saturday in September. 1844 1845# From Phake Nick (2018-09-27): 1846# [T]he webpage authored by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 1847# https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EF.html 1848# ... mentioned that using Showa 23 (year 1948) as example, 13pm of September 1849# 11 in summer time will equal to 0am of September 12 in standard time. 1850# It cited a document issued by the Liaison Office which briefly existed 1851# during the postwar period of Japan, where the detail on implementation 1852# of the summer time is described in the document. 1853# https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EFB2C6BBFEB9EFA4CEBCC2BBDCA4CBA4C4A4A4A4C6.pdf 1854# The text in the document do instruct a fall back to occur at 1855# September 11, 13pm in summer time, while ordinary citizens can 1856# change the clock before they sleep. 1857# 1858# From Paul Eggert (2018-09-27): 1859# This instruction is equivalent to "Sat>=8 25:00", so use that. zic treats 1860# it like "Sun>=9 01:00", which is not quite the same but is the best we can 1861# do in any POSIX or C platform. The "25:00" assumes zic from 2007 or later, 1862# which should be safe now. 1863 1864# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1865Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 1866Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 25:00 0 S 1867Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 1868Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 1869 1870# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1871# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1872# Observatory: 139° 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35° 39' 16.0" N. 1873# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1874# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1875# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1876# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1877 1878# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1879# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1880# which stands for the time on 135° E. 1881# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1882# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1883# time", which stands for the time on 120° E.... But "western standard 1884# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1885# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1886# standard.... 1887# 1888# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1889# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1890 1891# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 1892# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause 1893# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. 1894# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 1895# 1896# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which 1897# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan 1898# Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. 1899# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 1900 1901# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1902Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1903 9:00 Japan J%sT 1904# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo, 1905# except that Truk (Chuuk), Ponape (Pohnpei), and Jaluit (Kosrae) did not 1906# switch from +10 to +09 until 1941-04-01; see the 'australasia' file. 1907 1908# Jordan 1909# 1910# From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html> 1911# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1912# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1913# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1914# all year round. 1915# 1916# From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html> 1917# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1918# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1919# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1920# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1921# government's departments from six to seven hours. 1922# 1923# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1924# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1925# 1926# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1927# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1928# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1929# 1930# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1931# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1932# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1933# 1934 1935# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1936# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1937# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1938# 1939# Google's translation: 1940# 1941# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1942# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1943# > of the month of March of each year. 1944# 1945# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1946 1947# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1948# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1949 1950# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): 1951# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not 1952# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST 1953# until about the same time next year (at least). 1954# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 1955 1956# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): 1957# Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to 1958# UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: 1959# http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime 1960# Official, in Arabic: 1961# http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 1962# ... Our background/permalink about it 1963# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html 1964# ... 1965# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P 1966# ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future 1967# (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). 1968 1969# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): 1970# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. 1971 1972# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1973Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1974Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1975Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1976Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1977Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1978Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1979Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1980Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1981Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1982Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1983Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1984Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1985Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1986Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1987Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1988Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1989Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1990Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1991Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1992Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1993Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1994Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1995Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1996Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1997Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1998Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1999Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 2000Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 2001Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - 2002Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2003Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 2004# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2005Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 2006 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 2007 2008 2009# Kazakhstan 2010 2011# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11 2012# <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21): 2013# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 2014# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 2015# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 2016# 2017# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 2018# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 2019# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 2020# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 2021# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 2022# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtöbe, Atyraū, 2023# Mangghystaū, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 2024# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 2025# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 2026 2027# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): 2028# Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/ 2029# produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan: 2030# 2031# 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR 2032# from 1991-02-04 No. 20 2033# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545 2034# removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR 2035# starting with the last Sunday of March 1991. 2036# It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR, 2037# Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time. 2038# 2039# The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers 2040# of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet 2041# of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its 2042# text. 2043# 2044# According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20 2045# -- page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via 2046# http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564 -- on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during 2047# transition to "summer" time: 2048# Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova, 2049# Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug 2050# were to move clocks 1 hour forward. 2051# Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik 2052# SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts 2053# of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards. 2054# Other territories were to not move clocks. 2055# When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be 2056# moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding 2057# Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan. 2058# 2059# Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170 2060# was one of such changes. 2061# 2062# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное_время 2063# claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that 2064# Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast) 2065# were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks 2066# forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards. 2067# (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an 2068# article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not 2069# move clocks.) 2070# 2071# This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while 2072# the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06 2073# to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth 2074# time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ... 2075# 2076# 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2077# from 1992-01-13 No. 28 2078# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_ 2079# (text includes modification from the 1996 act) 2080# introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian 2081# 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated 2082# according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks 2083# on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at 2084# 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was 2085# located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the 2086# border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk 2087# oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth 2088# time belt). 2089# 2090# This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for 2091# Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyraū and Qostanay oblasts; from 2092# +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk).... 2093# 2094# 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2095# from 1992-03-27 No. 284 2096# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_ 2097# cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts 2098# since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth 2099# and the fifth time belts respectively. 2100# 2101# 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2102# from 1994-09-23 No. 384 2103# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_ 2104# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghystaū 2105# oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on 2106# the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a 2107# result).... 2108# 2109# 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2110# from 1996-05-08 No. 575 2111# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_ 2112# amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead 2113# of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act. 2114# 2115# 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2116# from 1999-03-26 No. 305 2117# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_ 2118# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyraū oblast since the 2119# last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth 2120# time belt. 2121# 2122# This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05.... 2123# 2124# 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2125# from 2000-11-23 No. 1749 2126# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000 2127# replaces the previous five documents. 2128# 2129# The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the 2130# fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling 2131# and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997 2132# probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast 2133# (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast 2134# from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the 2135# fourth time belt (no change in practice). 2136# 2137# 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2138# from 2003-12-29 No. 1342 2139# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_ 2140# modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently. 2141# 2142# 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2143# from 2004-07-20 No. 775 2144# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004 2145# modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into 2146# the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not 2147# using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time 2148# zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented 2149# during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically 2150# amended before implementation happened. 2151# 2152# 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2153# from 2004-09-15 No. 1059 2154# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_ 2155# modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time" 2156# (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the 2157# 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyraū, West Kazakhstan, 2158# Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghystaū oblasts by not moving clocks 2159# during the 2004 transition to "winter" time. 2160# 2161# This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyraū oblast (no 2162# zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to 2163# +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently) 2164# and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00.... 2165# 2166# 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2167# from 2005-03-15 No. 231 2168# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_ 2169# removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the 2170# (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15 2171# acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication. 2172# The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer 2173# time. 2174# 2175# Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation 2176# No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details]. 2177# Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27 2178# act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992. 2179 2180# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08): 2181# Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay 2182# oblast. Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone. 2183# (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations 2184# according to wikipedia.) 2185# 2186# [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/ 2187# suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on 2188# 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt. But I do not understand 2189# how that could happen.... 2190# 2191# [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree 2192# (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html 2193# and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in 2194# the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03). 2195 2196# From Alexander Konzurovski (2018-12-20): 2197# Qyzyolrda Region (Asia/Qyzylorda) is changing its time zone from 2198# UTC+6 to UTC+5 effective December 21st, 2018. The legal document is 2199# located here: http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1800000817 (russian language). 2200 2201# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2202# 2203# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 2204# This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA, 2205# KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ. 2206Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 2207 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 2208 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2209 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2210 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2211 6:00 - +06 2212# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY) 2213Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 2214 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2215 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2216 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2217 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2218 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2219 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2220 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2221 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2222 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2223 6:00 - +06 2018 Dec 21 0:00 2224 5:00 - +05 2225# 2226# Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS) 2227# The 1991/2 rules are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai 2228# reorganization. 2229Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:28 - LMT 1924 May 2 2230 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2231 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2232 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2233 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2234 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2235 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2236 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2237 6:00 - +06 2238 2239# Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT) 2240Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 2241 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2242 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2243 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2244 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2245 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2246 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2247 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2248 5:00 - +05 2249# Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN) 2250# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 2251# so include timestamps before 1963. 2252Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 2253 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2254 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 2255 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2256 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2257 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2258 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s 2259 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2260 5:00 - +05 2261# Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from 2262# +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994. 2263Zone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2 2264 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2265 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 2266 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2267 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2268 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2269 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s 2270 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2271 5:00 - +05 2272# West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP) 2273# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2274# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2275Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 2276 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2277 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2278 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2279 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2280 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2281 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2282 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2283 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2284 5:00 - +05 2285 2286# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 2287# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2288 2289# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 2290# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 2291# http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml 2292# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 2293# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 2294# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 2295# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 2296# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 2297 2298# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2299Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 - 2300Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2301Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 - 2302Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 2303# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2304Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 2305 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 2306 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2307 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00 2308 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12 2309 6:00 - +06 2310 2311############################################################################### 2312 2313# Korea (North and South) 2314 2315# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10): 2316# http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012 2317# Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it 2318# during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced 2319# between 1987 and 1988 ... 2320 2321# From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29): 2322# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html 2323# According to the Korean Wikipedia 2324# https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시 2325# [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC] 2326# DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old 2327# newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia. 2328# For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST 2329# started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in 2330# 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year. 2331 2332# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 2333# 1. According to official announcement from Korean government, the DST end 2334# date in South Korea should be 2335# 1955-09-08 without specifying time 2336# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027977557 2337# 1956-09-29 without specifying time 2338# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027978341 2339# 1957-09-21 24 o'clock 2340# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027979690#3 2341# 1958-09-20 24 o'clock 2342# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027981189 2343# 1959-09-19 24 o'clock 2344# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027982974#2 2345# 1960-09-17 24 o'clock 2346# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0028044104 2347# ... 2348# 2.... https://namu.wiki/w/대한민국%20표준시 ... [says] 2349# when Korea was using GMT+8:30 as standard time, the international 2350# aviation/marine/meteorological industry in the country refused to 2351# follow and continued to use GMT+9:00 for interoperability. 2352 2353 2354# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2355Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 2356Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 12 24:00 0 S 2357Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D 2358Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sat>=7 24:00 0 S 2359Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 2360Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D 2361Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D 2362Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 8 24:00 0 S 2363Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D 2364Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 29 24:00 0 S 2365Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D 2366Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sat>=17 24:00 0 S 2367Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 2368Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S 2369 2370# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): 2371# The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets: 2372# 2373# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5) 2374# 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367 2375# (Announcement No. 338) 2376# 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17) 2377# 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07) 2378# 2379# (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30 2380# edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.) 2381# 2382# I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same 2383# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST 2384# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII. 2385# 2386# For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we 2387# have no information otherwise. 2388 2389# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07): 2390# According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to 2391# the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example: 2392# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049 2393# 2394# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15): 2395# Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See: 2396# Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time' 2397# http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html 2398# There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone. 2399# Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK. 2400 2401# From Kang Seonghoon (2018-04-29): 2402# North Korea will revert its time zone from UTC+8:30 (PYT; Pyongyang 2403# Time) back to UTC+9 (KST; Korea Standard Time). 2404# 2405# From Seo Sanghyeon (2018-04-30): 2406# Rodong Sinmun 2018-04-30 announced Pyongyang Time transition plan. 2407# https://www.nknews.org/kcna/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/04/rodong-2018-04-30.pdf 2408# ... the transition date is 2018-05-05 ... Citation should be Decree 2409# No. 2232 of April 30, 2018, of the Presidium of the Supreme People's 2410# Assembly, as published in Rodong Sinmun. 2411# From Tim Parenti (2018-04-29): 2412# It appears to be the front page story at the top in the right-most column. 2413# 2414# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-04): 2415# The BBC reported that the transition was from 23:30 to 24:00 today. 2416# https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44010705 2417 2418# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2419Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 2420 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 2421 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 2422 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 2423 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 2424 9:00 ROK K%sT 2425Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 2426 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 2427 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 2428 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00 2429 8:30 - KST 2018 May 4 23:30 2430 9:00 - KST 2431 2432############################################################################### 2433 2434# Kuwait 2435# See Asia/Riyadh. 2436 2437# Laos 2438# See Asia/Bangkok. 2439 2440 2441# Lebanon 2442# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2443Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 2444Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 2445Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 2446Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 2447Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2448Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2449Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 2450Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 2451Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2452Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2453Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 2454Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2455Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2456Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 2457Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2458Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2459Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 2460Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2461Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2462Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2463Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 2464Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 2465Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2466Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 2467# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2468Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 2469 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 2470 2471# Malaysia 2472# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2473Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 - 2474Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 2475# 2476# peninsular Malaysia 2477# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2478# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 2479# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2480Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2481 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2482 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 2483 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 2484 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 2485 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 2486 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2487 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 2488 8:00 - +08 2489# Sabah & Sarawak 2490# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): 2491# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 2492# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 2493# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2494Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 2495 7:30 - +0730 1933 2496 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16 2497 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2498 8:00 - +08 2499 2500# Maldives 2501# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2502Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Malé 2503 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Malé Mean Time 2504 5:00 - +05 2505 2506# Mongolia 2507 2508# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 2509# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World 2510# (2005-03) both say that it has just one. 2511 2512# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 2513# General Information Mongolia 2514# <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09) 2515# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 2516# Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 2517# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 2518# eight hours." 2519 2520# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 2521# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 2522# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 2523# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 2524# of implementation may have been different.... 2525# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 2526# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 2527# Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii. 2528 2529# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 2530# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 2531# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 2532# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 2533# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 2534# is good enough for our purposes. 2535 2536# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 2537# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 2538# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 2539# there are three time zones. 2540# 2541# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 2542# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv, 2543# Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi 2544# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar 2545# 2546# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 2547 2548# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 2549# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 2550# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 2551# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 2552# 2553# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 2554# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 2555# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 2556 2557# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 2558# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 2559# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 2560# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 2561# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that 2562# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST. 2563# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 2564# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 2565# He also found 2566# http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1& 2567# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 2568# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 2569# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 2570# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 2571# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 2572# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 2573# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 2574 2575# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 2576# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 2577# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 2578# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 2579 2580# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 2581# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 2582# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 2583# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 2584# database on this, e.g.: 2585# 2586# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 2587# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 2588# 2589# both say GMT+08:00. 2590 2591# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 2592# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 2593# schedule here: 2594# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 2595# (click the English flag for English) 2596# 2597# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive 2598# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 2599# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern 2600# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are 2601# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 2602# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 2603 2604# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2605# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 2606# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 2607# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 2608# this is almost surely wrong. 2609 2610# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10): 2611# It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use 2612# daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of 2613# March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of 2614# September daylight saving time ends. Source: 2615# http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969 2616 2617# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2618Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 2619Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2620# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 2621# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 2622# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 2623# 2624# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 2625# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place 2626# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 2627# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 2628# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 2629# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 2630 2631# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09): 2632# Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight 2633# saving time adoption in Mongolia. Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192 2634 2635Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 - 2636Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2637# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 2638Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 2639Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 2640Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 2641Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 2642Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 - 2643 2644# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2645# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 2646Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 2647 6:00 - +06 1978 2648 7:00 Mongol +07/+08 2649# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 2650Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 2651 7:00 - +07 1978 2652 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 2653# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 2654# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 2655Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 2656 7:00 - +07 1978 2657 8:00 - +08 1983 Apr 2658 9:00 Mongol +09/+10 2008 Mar 31 2659 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 2660 2661# Nepal 2662# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2663Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 2664 5:30 - +0530 1986 2665 5:45 - +0545 2666 2667# Oman 2668# See Asia/Dubai. 2669 2670# Pakistan 2671 2672# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 2673# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 2674# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 2675# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 2676# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 2677# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 2678 2679# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 2680# Jesper Nørgaard found this URL: 2681# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 2682# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 2683# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 2684# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 2685# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 2686# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 2687# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 2688# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 2689# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 2690 2691# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 2692# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 2693# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 2694 2695# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 2696# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 2697# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 2698# 2699# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 2700# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 2701# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 2702# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 2703# 2704# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 2705# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 2706 2707# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 2708# 2709# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 2710# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 2711# 2712# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to 2713# help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 2714# 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...." 2715# 2716# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 2717# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 2718 2719# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2720# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 2721 2722# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2723# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 2724# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 2725# instead of August 31. 2726# 2727# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 2728# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 2729 2730# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 2731# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 2732# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 2733# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 2734# official working." 2735# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 2736# 2737# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 2738# introduce DST from April 15, 2009 2739# 2740# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 2741# April 08, 2009 2742# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 2743# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 2744# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 2745# 2746# .... 2747# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 2748# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 2749# conserve energy" 2750 2751# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 2752# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 2753# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 2754# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 2755# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 2756# this regard." 2757# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 2758 2759# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 2760# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 2761# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from 2762# October 1, 2009. 2763# 2764# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 2765# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 2766# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 2767# 2768# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 2769# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 2770# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 2771# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 2772# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 2773# Monday." 2774# 2775# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 2776# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 2777# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 2778# obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 2779# 2780# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 2781# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 2782# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 2783 2784# From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01): 2785# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 2786# will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 2787 2788# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 2789# Steffen Thorsen wrote: 2790# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 2791# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 2792# > 2793# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 2794# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 2795# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 2796# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 2797# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 2798# 2799# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 2800# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 2801# 2802# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 2803# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 2804 2805# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2806Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 2807Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2808Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2809Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2810Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 2811 2812# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2813Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 2814 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 2815 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 2816 5:30 - +0530 1951 Sep 30 2817 5:00 - +05 1971 Mar 26 2818 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 2819 2820# Palestine 2821 2822# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 2823# 2824# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 2825# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 2826# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 2827# 2828# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 2829# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 2830# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 2831# though. 2832# 2833# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 2834# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 2835# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 2836# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 2837# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 2838# East Jerusalem. 2839# 2840# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 2841# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 2842# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 2843# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 2844# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 2845# 2846# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 2847# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 2848# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 2849# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 2850# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 2851# Jordanian one). 2852# 2853# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 2854# 2855# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 2856# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 2857# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 2858# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 2859# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 2860# 2861# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 2862# have one). 2863 2864# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2865# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 2866# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 2867# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 2868# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 2869# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 2870# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 2871# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 2872# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 2873# to Palestine's rules. 2874 2875# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 2876# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 2877# 2878# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 2879# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 2880# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 2881# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 2882 2883# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 2884# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc 2885# http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html 2886# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 2887# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 2888# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 2889# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 2890# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 2891 2892# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2893# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2894 2895# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2896# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2897# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2898# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2899# earlier - the same goes for Jordan. 2900 2901# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2902# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2903# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2904# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2905# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2906# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2907# the West Bank. 2908 2909# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2910# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2911# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2912# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2913# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2914# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2915# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2916# because of the Ramadan. 2917 2918# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2919# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2920# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2921 2922# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2923# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2924# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2925# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2926# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2927# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2928 2929# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2930# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2931# 2932# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2933# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2934# 2935# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2936# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2937# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2938 2939# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2940# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2941# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2942# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2943# 2944# (in Arabic) 2945# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2946# 2947# (English translation) 2948# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2949 2950# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2951# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2952# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2953# 2954# One news source: 2955# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2956# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2957# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2958# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2959# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2960# minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2961# 2962# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2963# end date, we will keep this page updated: 2964# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2965 2966# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2967# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2968# 2969# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2970# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2971# 2972# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2973# (from Palestinian National Authority): 2974# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2975# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2976 2977# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 2978# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 2979# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 2980# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 2981# 2982# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 2983# (in Arabic) 2984# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 2985 2986# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 2987# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 2988# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 2989# noon though: 2990# 2991# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 2992# (Ma'an News Agency) 2993# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 2994# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 2995 2996# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 2997# According to several sources, including 2998# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 2999# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 3000# Gaza and the West Bank. 3001# Some more background info: 3002# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 3003 3004# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 3005# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 3006# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 3007# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 3008# Ramadan. 3009# 3010# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 3011# Additional info: 3012# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 3013 3014# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 3015# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 3016# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 3017# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 3018# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 3019# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 3020# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 3021# ... 3022# https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 3023# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 3024# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file. 3025 3026# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 3027# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 3028# 00:00). 3029# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 3030# 3031# Many sources, including: 3032# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 3033 3034# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 3035# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 3036# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 3037# Some of many sources in Arabic: 3038# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 3039# 3040# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html 3041# 3042# Our brief summary: 3043# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 3044 3045# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): 3046# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving 3047# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). 3048# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] 3049# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 3050# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html 3051 3052# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): 3053# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight 3054# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). 3055# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect 3056# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": 3057# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 3058# official source...: 3059# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 3060 3061# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03): 3062# Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257 3063# and https://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will 3064# start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected. 3065# 3066# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03): 3067# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014 3068# says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00. 3069 3070# From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09): 3071# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728 3072# [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight 3073# saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning, 3074# 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead." 3075 3076# From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19): 3077# [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on 3078# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf 3079# states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00. 3080# 3081# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19): 3082# Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on. 3083# This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring 3084# predictions. 3085# 3086# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19): 3087# It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today: 3088# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza 3089# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron 3090 3091# From Sharef Mustafa (2018-03-16): 3092# Palestine summer time will start on Mar 24th 2018 by advancing the 3093# clock by 60 minutes as per Palestinian cabinet decision published on 3094# the official website, though the decree did not specify the exact 3095# time of the time shift. 3096# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e7a42ab7-ee23-435a-b9c8-a4f7e81f3817 3097 3098# From Even Scharning (2019-03-23): 3099# http://pnn.ps/news/401130 3100# http://palweather.ps/ar/node/50136.html 3101# 3102# From Sharif Mustafa (2019-03-26): 3103# The Palestinian cabinet announced today that the switch to DST will 3104# be on Fri Mar 29th 2019 by advancing the clock by 60 minutes. 3105# The decree signing date is Mar 12th but it was not published till today. 3106# The decree does not specify the exact time of switch. 3107# http://palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e54e9ea1-50ee-4137-84df-0d6c78da259b 3108# 3109# From Even Scharning (2019-04-10): 3110# Our source in Palestine said it happened Friday 29 at 00:00 local time.... 3111# 3112# From Paul Eggert (2019-04-10): 3113# For now, guess spring-ahead transitions are March's last Friday at 00:00. 3114 3115# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3116Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 3117Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3118Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3119Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 3120Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 3121Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 3122 3123Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 3124Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 3125Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 3126Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 3127Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3128Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 3129Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 3130Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3131Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 3132Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 - 3133Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 3134Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 3135Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S 3136Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 3137Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S 3138Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 3139Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 3140Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - 3141Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 3142Rule Palestine 2014 2015 - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 3143Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S 3144Rule Palestine 2016 2018 - Mar Sat>=24 1:00 1:00 S 3145Rule Palestine 2016 max - Oct lastSat 1:00 0 - 3146Rule Palestine 2019 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3147 3148# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3149Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 3150 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 3151 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 3152 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 3153 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 3154 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 3155 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep 3156 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 3157 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 3158 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 3159 2:00 - EET 2012 3160 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 3161 3162Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 3163 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 3164 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 3165 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 3166 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 3167 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 3168 3169# Paracel Is 3170# no information 3171 3172# Philippines 3173 3174# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 3175# The Spanish initially used American (west-of-Greenwich) time. 3176# It is unknown what time Manila kept when the British occupied it from 3177# 1762-10-06 through 1764-04; for now assume it kept American time. 3178# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the 3179# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 3180# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's 3181# History of the International Date Line 3182# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm 3183# The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger. 3184 3185# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 3186# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 3187# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 3188# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 3189# but no details] 3190 3191# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14): 3192# The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again 3193# March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed 3194# during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details. 3195# Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time. 3196# Philippine Star 2014-08-05 3197# http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time 3198 3199# From Paul Goyette (2018-06-15): 3200# In the Philippines, there is a national law, Republic Act No. 10535 3201# which declares the official time here as "Philippine Standard Time". 3202# The act [1] even specifies use of PST as the abbreviation, although 3203# the FAQ provided by PAGASA [2] uses the "acronym PhST to distinguish 3204# it from the Pacific Standard Time (PST)." 3205# [1] http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/05/15/republic-act-no-10535/ 3206# [2] https://www1.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/astronomy/philippine-standard-time#republic-act-10535 3207# 3208# From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19): 3209# I surveyed recent news reports, and my impression is that "PST" is 3210# more popular among reliable English-language news sources. This is 3211# not just a measure of Google hit counts: it's also the sizes and 3212# influence of the sources. There is no current abbreviation for DST, 3213# so use "PDT", the usual American style. 3214 3215# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3216Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D 3217Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 S 3218Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 D 3219Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S 3220Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 3221Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 3222# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3223Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 3224 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 3225 8:00 Phil P%sT 1942 May 3226 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 3227 8:00 Phil P%sT 3228 3229# Qatar 3230# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3231Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 3232 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun 3233 3:00 - +03 3234Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain 3235 3236# Saudi Arabia 3237# 3238# From Paul Eggert (2018-08-29): 3239# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not 3240# standardized until 1968 or so; we don't know exactly when, and possibly it 3241# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to 3242# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines 3243# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar 3244# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 3245# o'clock for "Arab" time). 3246# 3247# Timekeeping differed depending on who you were and which part of Saudi 3248# Arabia you were in. In 1969, Elias Antar wrote that although a common 3249# practice had been to set one's watch to 12:00 (i.e., midnight) at sunset - 3250# which meant that the time on one side of a mountain could differ greatly from 3251# the time on the other side - many foreigners set their watches to 6pm 3252# instead, while airlines instead used UTC +03 (except in Dhahran, where they 3253# used UTC +04), Aramco used UTC +03 with DST, and the Trans-Arabian Pipe Line 3254# Company used Aramco time in eastern Saudi Arabia and airline time in western. 3255# (The American Military Aid Advisory Group used plain UTC.) Antar writes, 3256# "A man named Higgins, so the story goes, used to run a local power 3257# station. One day, the whole thing became too much for Higgins and he 3258# assembled his staff and laid down the law. 'I've had enough of this,' he 3259# shrieked. 'It is now 12 o'clock Higgins Time, and from now on this station is 3260# going to run on Higgins Time.' And so, until last year, it did." See: 3261# Antar E. Dinner at When? Saudi Aramco World, 1969 March/April. 2-3. 3262# http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/196902/dinner.at.when.htm 3263# Also see: Antar EN. Arabian flying is confusing. 3264# Port Angeles (WA) Evening News. 1965-03-10. page 3. 3265# 3266# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best 3267# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics 3268# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated 3269# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and 3270# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the 3271# earlier date. 3272# 3273# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two 3274# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of 3275# the country. Presumably this is documenting airline time. Ignore this, 3276# as it's before our 1970 cutoff. 3277# 3278# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3279Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 3280 3:00 - +03 3281Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen 3282Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait 3283 3284# Singapore 3285# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 3286# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 3287# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3288Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 3289 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 3290 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 3291 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 3292 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 3293 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 3294 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 3295 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 3296 8:00 - +08 3297 3298# Spratly Is 3299# no information 3300 3301# Sri Lanka 3302 3303# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 3304# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo 3305# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably 3306# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with 3307# Shanks and Pottenger. 3308 3309# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 3310# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 3311# (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24, 3312# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 3313# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 3314# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'." 3315# 3316# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 3317# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section 3318# <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26): 3319# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 3320# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 3321 3322# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 3323# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 3324# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 3325# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 3326 3327# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 3328# http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML 3329# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 3330# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 3331# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 3332# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 3333# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 3334# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 3335 3336# From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19): 3337# According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units, 3338# Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka 3339# standard time is SLST. 3340# 3341# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18): 3342# "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time 3343# zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of 3344# it in the International Business Times of India in February and 3345# March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing 3346# since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in 3347# other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is 3348# even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can 3349# switch to "SLST" if it catches on. 3350 3351# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3352Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 3353 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 3354 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5 3355 5:30 0:30 +06 1942 Sep 3356 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00 3357 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00 3358 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30 3359 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30 3360 5:30 - +0530 3361 3362# Syria 3363# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3364Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 3365Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 3366Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 3367Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3368Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 3369Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 3370Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3371Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 3372Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 3373Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3374Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 3375Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 3376Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 3377Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3378Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 3379Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 3380Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 3381Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 3382Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 3383Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 3384Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3385Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 3386Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 3387Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3388Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3389Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 3390Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 3391Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 3392# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 3393# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 3394# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 3395# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 3396# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 3397# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 3398Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3399Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3400Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 3401Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3402# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 3403# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 3404# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 3405Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 3406# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 3407# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 3408# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 3409Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3410# From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27): 3411# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 3412# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or 3413# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than 3414# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 3415# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 3416# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 3417# 3418# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 3419# Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote: 3420# 3421# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 3422# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 3423# 3424# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 3425# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 3426# 3427# which using Google's translate tools says: 3428# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 3429# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 3430# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 3431Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 3432 3433# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 3434# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 3435# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so.... 3436# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 3437# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 3438# Variation 3439# Syrian Arab 3440# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 3441# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 3442# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 3443 3444# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 3445# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 3446# Agency (SANA)... 3447# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 3448# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 3449# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 3450# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 3451# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 3452# shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 3453 3454# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 3455# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 3456# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 3457# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 3458# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 3459 3460# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 3461# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 3462# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 3463# 3464# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 3465# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 3466# clocks back 60 minutes). 3467# 3468# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 3469 3470# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 3471# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 3472# two examples: 3473# 3474# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 3475# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 3476# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 3477# (Arabic, gov-site) 3478# 3479# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 3480# 3481# Our summary 3482# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 3483 3484# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 3485# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 3486# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 3487# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 3488# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 3489 3490# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 3491# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 3492# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 3493# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 3494 3495# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 3496# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 3497# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 3498# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 3499# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 3500 3501# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 3502# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday 3503# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. 3504# 3505# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: 3506# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm 3507# 3508# Our brief summary: 3509# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html 3510 3511# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): 3512# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX. 3513 3514Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3515Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 3516Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3517Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3518Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3519Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 3520 3521# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3522Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 3523 2:00 Syria EE%sT 3524 3525# Tajikistan 3526# From Shanks & Pottenger. 3527# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3528Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 3529 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 3530 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3531 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 3532 5:00 - +05 3533 3534# Thailand 3535# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3536Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 3537 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 3538 7:00 - +07 3539Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia 3540Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos 3541 3542# Turkmenistan 3543# From Shanks & Pottenger. 3544# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3545Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 3546 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 3547 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3548 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00 3549 5:00 - +05 3550 3551# United Arab Emirates 3552# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3553Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 3554 4:00 - +04 3555Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman 3556 3557# Uzbekistan 3558# Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53. 3559# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3560Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2 3561 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 3562 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 3563 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 3564 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 3565 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 3566 5:00 - +05 3567# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest. 3568Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2 3569 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 3570 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3571 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 3572 5:00 - +05 3573 3574# Vietnam 3575 3576# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04): 3577# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being 3578# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways 3579# from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks 3580# and Pottenger for LMT before 1906. 3581 3582# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 3583# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh 3584# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 3585 3586# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân: 3587# Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)" 3588# (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50, 3589# is quoted verbatim in: 3590# http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01 3591# is translated by Brian Inglis in: 3592# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html 3593# and is the basis for the information below. 3594# 3595# The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to 3596# Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104° 17' 17" east of Paris. 3597# It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or 3598# the Paris Meridian (2° 20' 14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333... 3599# and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30, 3600# which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory 3601# is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT. 3602# 3603# The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954) 3604# and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954): 3605# To 07:00 on 1911-05-01. 3606# To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00. 3607# To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00. 3608# To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam. 3609# To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina. 3610# To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam. 3611# To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam. 3612# To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam. 3613# 3614# Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above. 3615# 3616# Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội, 3617# No. 9, Paris, February 1982. 3618# 3619# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)", 3620# NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000. 3621# 3622# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu", 3623# NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995. 3624 3625# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3626Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 3627 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT 3628 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 3629 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 3630 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 3631 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 3632 8:00 - +08 1955 Jul 1 3633 7:00 - +07 1959 Dec 31 23:00 3634 8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13 3635 7:00 - +07 3636 3637# From Paul Eggert (2019-02-19): 3638# 3639# The Ho Chi Minh entry suffices for most purposes as it agrees with all of 3640# Vietnam since 1975-06-13. Presumably clocks often changed in south Vietnam 3641# in the early 1970s as locations changed hands during the war; however the 3642# details are unknown and would likely be too voluminous for this database. 3643# 3644# For timestamps in north Vietnam back to 1970 (the tzdb cutoff), 3645# use Asia/Bangkok; see the VN entries in the file zone1970.tab. 3646# For timestamps before 1970, see Asia/Hanoi in the file 'backzone'. 3647 3648 3649# Yemen 3650# See Asia/Riyadh. 3651
