1# <pre> 2# @(#)asia 8.73 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 8# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 9 10# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 11# 12# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 13# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 14# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 15# 16# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 17# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 19# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 20# of the IATA's data after 1990. 21# 22# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 23# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 24# 25# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 27# I found in the UCLA library. 28# 29# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 30# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 31# 32# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 33# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 34# Corrections are welcome! 35# std dst 36# LMT Local Mean Time 37# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 38# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 39# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 40# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran 41# 4:00 GST Gulf* 42# 5:30 IST India 43# 7:00 ICT Indochina* 44# 7:00 WIT west Indonesia 45# 8:00 CIT central Indonesia 46# 8:00 CST China 47# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)* 48# 9:00 EIT east Indonesia 49# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 50# 9:00 KST KDT Korea 51# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time 52# 53# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 54 55# From Guy Harris: 56# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 57# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 58# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 59# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 60 61############################################################################### 62 63# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 64# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 65Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 66Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 67Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 68Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 69Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 70Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 71Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 72Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 73Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 74Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 75Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 76Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 77Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 78Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 79Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 80 81# Afghanistan 82# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 83Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 84 4:00 - AFT 1945 85 4:30 - AFT 86 87# Armenia 88# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 89# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 90# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 91# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 92# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 93# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 94# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 95# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 96# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 97 98# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 99# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 100# follow Russia's "old" rules. 101 102# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 103# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 104# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 105# 106# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 107# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 108# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 109# or 110# (brief) 111# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 112# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 113Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 114 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 115 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 116 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 117 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 118 4:00 - AMT 1997 119 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s 120 4:00 - AMT 121 122# Azerbaijan 123# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 124# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 125# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf 126# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 127Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 128Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 129# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 130Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 131 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 132 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 133 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 134 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 135 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time 136 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 137 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 138 139# Bahrain 140# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 141Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah 142 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 143 3:00 - AST 144 145# Bangladesh 146# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 147# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 148# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 149# 150# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 151# <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288"> 152# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 153# </a> 154# or 155# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html"> 156# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 157# </a> 158# 159# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 160# June 161# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 162# crippling power crisis. " 163# 164# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 165# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 166 167# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 168# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 169# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 170# 171# Some sources: 172# <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601"> 173# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 174# </a> 175# <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2"> 176# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 177# </a> 178# 179# Our wrap-up: 180# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html"> 181# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 182# </a> 183 184# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 185# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 186# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 187# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 188# 189# No DST end date has been announced yet. 190 191# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 192# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 193# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 194# 195# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 196# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 197# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021"> 198# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 199# </a> 200# or 201# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html"> 202# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 203# </a> 204 205# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 206# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 207# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 208# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 209# "continue for an indefinite period." 210# 211# One of many places where it is published: 212# <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html"> 213# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 214# </a> 215 216# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 217# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 218# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 219# 220# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 221# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228"> 222# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 223# </a> 224# and 225# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html"> 226# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 227# </a> 228# 229# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 230# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 231# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 232# Minister's Office last night..." 233 234# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 235# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 236# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 237# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817"> 238# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 239# </a> 240# or 241# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html"> 242# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 243# </a> 244 245# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 246Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S 247Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 - 248 249# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 250Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 251 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 252 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 253 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 254 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 255 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 256 6:00 - BDT 2009 257 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT 258 259# Bhutan 260# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 261Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 262 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 263 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 264 265# British Indian Ocean Territory 266# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 267# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 268# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 269# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 270# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 271# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 272Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 273 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 274 6:00 - IOT 275 276# Brunei 277# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 278Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 279 7:30 - BNT 1933 280 8:00 - BNT 281 282# Burma / Myanmar 283# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 284Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 285 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 286 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 287 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 288 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 289 290# Cambodia 291# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 292Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 293 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 294 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 295 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 296 7:00 - ICT 297 298# China 299 300# From Guy Harris: 301# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 302 303# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 304# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 305# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 306# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 307# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of 308# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 309# 310# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 311# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for 312# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 313# 314# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 315# 1987 mid-April - ?? 316 317# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 318# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 319# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 320 321# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 322# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau) 323# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST 324# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's 325# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986. 326# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other 327# pre-1980 time zones. 328 329# From Shanks & Pottenger: 330# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 331Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 332Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 333Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 334Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 335Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 336Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 337 338# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 339# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 340# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 341# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 342# 343# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 344# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 345# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 346# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 347# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 348# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 349# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 350# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 351# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 352# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 353 354# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 355# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk 356# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986 357# talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim 358# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 359# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this 360# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began 361# observing daylight saving time in 1986. 362# 363# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11): 364# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated 365# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't 366# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near 367# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a 368# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was 369# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s). 370# 371# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 372# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949 373# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a 374# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with 375# Shanks & Pottenger. 376 377# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 378# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) 379# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 380Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin 381 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time 382 8:00 - CST 1940 383 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May 384 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May 385 8:00 PRC C%sT 386# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") 387# most of China 388Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928 389 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 390 8:00 PRC C%sT 391# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) 392# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 393# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 394# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 395# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 396Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking 397 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time 398 8:00 PRC C%sT 399# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") 400# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 401# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 402# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 403# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 404# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 405# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 406# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 407# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 408Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi 409 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time 410 8:00 PRC C%sT 411# Kunlun Time 412# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 413# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 414# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 415# and Yarkand. 416 417# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 418# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 419# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 420# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 421# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 422# they implicitly use Beijing time. 423# 424# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 425# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 426# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang 427# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 428# local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in 429# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 430# "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 431# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 432# 433# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 434# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 435# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 436# 437# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 438# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 439# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 440# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 441# others moving their clocks ahead.) 442# 443# ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time. 444# 445# The first few lines of the Google translation of 446# <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39"> 447# http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39 448# </a> 449# (retrieved 2009-10-13) 450# > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least 451# > 500 million yuan 452# > 453# > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20), 454# > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River 455# > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men 456# > have worked continuously for 22 hours... 457 458# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 459# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 460# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 461# 462# 1. Wulumuqi... 463# 2. Kashi... 464# 3. Urumqi... 465# 4. Kashgar... 466# ... 467# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 468# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 469# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 470# 471# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 472# start date for Xinjiang time. 473# 474# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 475# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 476# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 477# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 478 479Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 480 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time 481 5:00 - KAST 1980 May 482 8:00 PRC C%sT 483 484 485# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 486# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 487# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 488# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 489# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 490# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 491# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 492# obtained from 493# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm"> 494# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 495# </a>. 496 497# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 498# Here are the dates given at 499# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm"> 500# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 501# </a> 502# as of 2009-10-28: 503# Year Period 504# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 505# 1942 Whole year 506# 1943 Whole year 507# 1944 Whole year 508# 1945 Whole year 509# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 510# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 511# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 512# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 513# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 514# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 515# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 516# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 517# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 518# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 519# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 520# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 521# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 522# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 523# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 524# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 525# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 526# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 527# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 528# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 529# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 530# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 531# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 532# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 533# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 534# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 535# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 536# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 537# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 538# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 539# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 540# 1977 Nil 541# 1978 Nil 542# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 543# 1980 to Now Nil 544# The page does not give start or end times of day. 545# The page does not give a start date for 1942. 546# The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 547# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 548# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 549# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 550 551# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 552# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 553Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 554Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 555Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 556Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 557Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 558Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 559Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 560Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 561Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 562Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 563Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 564Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 565Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 566Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 567Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 568Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 569Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 570Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 571Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 572# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 573Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 574 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 575 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 576 8:00 HK HK%sT 577 578############################################################################### 579 580# Taiwan 581 582# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it 583# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't 584# have any other information. 585 586# From smallufo (2010-04-03): 587# According to Taiwan's CWB, 588# <a href="http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm"> 589# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 590# </a> 591# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 592 593# From Arthur David Olson (2010-04-07): 594# Here's Google's translation of the table at the bottom of the "summert.htm" page: 595# Decade Name Start and end date 596# Republic of China 34 years to 40 years (AD 1945-1951 years) Summer Time May 1 to September 30 597# 41 years of the Republic of China (AD 1952) Daylight Saving Time March 1 to October 31 598# Republic of China 42 years to 43 years (AD 1953-1954 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to October 31 599# In the 44 years to 45 years (AD 1955-1956 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30 600# Republic of China 46 years to 48 years (AD 1957-1959) Summer Time April 1 to September 30 601# Republic of China 49 years to 50 years (AD 1960-1961) Summer Time June 1 to September 30 602# Republic of China 51 years to 62 years (AD 1962-1973 years) Stop Summer Time 603# Republic of China 63 years to 64 years (1974-1975 AD) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30 604# Republic of China 65 years to 67 years (1976-1978 AD) Stop Daylight Saving Time 605# Republic of China 68 years (AD 1979) Daylight Saving Time July 1 to September 30 606# Republic of China since 69 years (AD 1980) Stop Daylight Saving Time 607 608# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 609Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 610Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 611Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 612Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 613Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 614Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 615Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 616Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 617Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 618Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D 619Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 620 621# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 622Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei 623 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 624 625# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 626# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 627Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 628Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 629Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 630Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 631Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 632Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 633Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 634Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 635Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 636Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 637Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 638Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 639Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 640Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 641# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 642Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 643 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 644 8:00 PRC C%sT 645 646 647############################################################################### 648 649# Cyprus 650# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 651Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 652Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 653Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 654Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 655Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 656Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 657Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 658Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 659Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 660# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 661Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 662 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 663 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 664# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 665 666# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 667# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 668Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 669 670# Georgia 671# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 672# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 673# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 674# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 675# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 676# 677# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 678# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 679# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 680# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 681# 682# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 683# 684# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 685# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 686# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 687# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 688# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 689# of integration into Europe. 690 691# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 692# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 693# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 694# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 695# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 696# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 697# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 698# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 699# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 700 701 702# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 703Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880 704 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 705 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 706 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 707 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 708 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 709 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 710 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 711 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 712 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 713 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 714 4:00 - GET 715 716# East Timor 717 718# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 719 720# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 721# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm"> 722# East Timor may be late for its millennium 723# </a> (1999-12-26/31): 724# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 725# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 726# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 727# conflicts with their way of life. 728 729# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 730# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 731# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 732 733# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html"> 734# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 735# (2000-08-16)</a>: 736# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 737# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 738# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 739# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 740 741# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 742Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 743 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 744 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 745 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 746 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00 747 9:00 - TLT 748 749# India 750# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 751Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 752 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 753 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 754 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 755 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 756 5:30 - IST 757# The following are like Asia/Kolkata: 758# Andaman Is 759# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 760# Nicobar Is 761 762# Indonesia 763# 764# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 765# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime> 766# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 767# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 768# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 769# 770# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 771# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 772# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 773# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 774# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 775# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 776# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 777# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions 778# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 779# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 780# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 781# switched on 1945-09-23. 782# 783# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 784Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 785# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 786# but this must be a typo. 787 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta 788 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 789 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23 790 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 791 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 792 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 793 7:30 - WIT 1964 794 7:00 - WIT 795Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 796 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 797 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29 798 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 799 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 800 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 801 7:30 - WIT 1964 802 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1 803 7:00 - WIT 804Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 805 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 806 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9 807 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 808 8:00 - CIT 809Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 810 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1 811 9:30 - CST 1964 812 9:00 - EIT 813 814# Iran 815 816# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 817# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 818# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 819# 820# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 821# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 822# 823# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 824# 825# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 826# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 827# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 828# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 829# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 830# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 831# 832# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 833# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 834# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 835# Shahrivar. 836# 837# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 838# 839# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 840# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 841# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 842# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 843# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 844# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 845# 846# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 847# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 848# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 849# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 850# plan to change that law.... 851# 852# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 853# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 854# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 855# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 856# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 857# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 858# 859# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 860# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 861# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 862# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 863# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 864# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 865# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 866# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 867# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 868# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 869# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 870# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 871# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 872# 873# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 874# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 875# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 876# 877# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen: 878# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 879# daylight saving time ... 880# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 881# 882# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 883# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 884# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 885# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 886# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 887# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 888# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 889# thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 890# 891# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 892Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 893Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 894Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 895Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 896Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 897Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 898Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 899Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 900Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 901Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 902Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 903Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 904Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 905Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 906Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 907Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 908Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 909Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 910Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 911Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 912Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 913Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 914Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 915Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 916Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 917Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 918Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 919Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 920Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 921Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 922Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 923Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 924Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 925Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 926Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 927Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 928Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 929Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 930Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 931Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 932Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 933Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 934Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 935Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 936Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 937Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 938Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 939Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 940Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 941# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 942Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 943 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 944 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 945 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 946 3:30 Iran IR%sT 947 948 949# Iraq 950# 951# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 952# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 953# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 954# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 955# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 956# 957# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 958# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 959# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 960# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 961# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 962# 963# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 964 965# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 966# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 967# news sources (in Arabic): 968# <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html"> 969# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 970# </a> 971# <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10"> 972# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 973# </a> 974# 975# We have published a short article in English about the change: 976# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html"> 977# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 978# </a> 979 980# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 981Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 982Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 983Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 984Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 985Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 986Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 987# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo. 988# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 989# 990Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 991Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 992# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 993Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 994 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 995 3:00 - AST 1982 May 996 3:00 Iraq A%sT 997 998 999############################################################################### 1000 1001# Israel 1002 1003# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 1004# 1005# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 1006# different abbreviations in use: 1007# 1008# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 1009# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 1010# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 1011# 1012# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 1013# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 1014# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 1015# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 1016# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 1017# settings in Israeli computers. 1018# 1019# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 1020# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 1021# family is from India). 1022 1023# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1024# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1025Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1026Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1027Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1028Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1029Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1030Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1031Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 1032Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1033Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 1034Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 1035Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1036Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1037Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1038Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 1039Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1040Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 1041Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 1042Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 1043Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 1044Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 1045Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 1046Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 1047Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 1048Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 1049Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 1050Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 1051Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 1052Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1053Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 1054Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 1055Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 1056Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 1057Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 1058Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 1059Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 1060Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 1061Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 1062Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1063Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D 1064Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1065 1066# From Ephraim Silverberg 1067# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1068# and 2005-02-17): 1069 1070# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1071# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1072# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1073# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1074# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1075# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1076# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1077# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1078# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1079# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1080# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1081# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1082# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1083# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1084# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1085# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1086# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1087# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1088# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1089# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1090# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1091# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1092 1093# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1094Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 1095Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1096Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 1097Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 1098Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 1099Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 1100Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 1101Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1102Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1103Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1104 1105# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1106# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1107# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1108 1109# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1110Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1111Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1112Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1113Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1114 1115# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1116# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1117# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1118# 1119# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1120# 1121# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1122# 1123# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1124# 1125# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1126# 1127# where YYYY is the relevant year. 1128 1129# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1130Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 1131Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 1132Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1133Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 1134Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1135Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1136Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1137Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1138 1139# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1140# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1141# years 2001-2004 as well. 1142# 1143# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1144# 1145# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1146# 1147# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1148# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1149# 1150# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1151 1152# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1153Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1154Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1155Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1156Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1157Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1158Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1159Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1160Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1161Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1162Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1163 1164# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1165# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1166# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1167# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1168# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1169# 1170# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1171# 1172# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1173 1174# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22): 1175# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1176# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1177# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1178# to generate the transitions in this list. 1179# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1180# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule: 1181# 1182# Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1183# 1184# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1185# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1186# springtime transitions explicitly. 1187 1188# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1189Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1190Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1191Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1192Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1193Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1194Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1195Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1196Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1197Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1198Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1199Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1200Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1201Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S 1202Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1203Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 1204Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1205Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1206Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1207Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1208Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1209Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1210Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1211Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1212Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1213Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1214Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1215Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1216Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1217Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1218Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 1219Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S 1220Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 1221Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1222Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 1223Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S 1224Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1225Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1226Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1227Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1228Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S 1229Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S 1230Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 1231Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S 1232 1233# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1234Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880 1235 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1236 2:00 Zion I%sT 1237 1238 1239 1240############################################################################### 1241 1242# Japan 1243 1244# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris. 1245 1246# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1247# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1248# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued 1249# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.'' 1250 1251# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times 1252# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>: 1253# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1254# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1255# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1256# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1257# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1258# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1259# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1260# wanted to keep it.) 1261 1262# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1263# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 1264# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1265Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1266Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 1267Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1268Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1269# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 1270# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 1271# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 1272# would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 1273 1274# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1275# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1276# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0. 1277# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1278# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1279# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1280# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1281 1282# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1283# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1284# which stands for the time on E 135 degree. 1285# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1286# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1287# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard 1288# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1289# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1290# standard.... 1291# 1292# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1293# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1294 1295# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few 1296# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all 1297# ordinances took effect on Jan 1. 1298 1299# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1300Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1301 9:00 - JST 1896 1302 9:00 - CJT 1938 1303 9:00 Japan J%sT 1304# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 1305 1306# Jordan 1307# 1308# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html"> 1309# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1310# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1311# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1312# all year round. 1313# 1314# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html"> 1315# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1316# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1317# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1318# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1319# government's departments from six to seven hours. 1320# 1321# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1322# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1323# 1324# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1325# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1326# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1327# 1328# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1329# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1330# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1331# 1332 1333# From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02): 1334# ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for 1335# Jordan. 1336# The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight 1337# saving 1338# time on the last Thursday in March. 1339# 1340# Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1341# 1342# However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan 1343# going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002. 1344# Please see 1345# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11"> 1346# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11 1347# </a> 1348 1349# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1350# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1351# <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279"> 1352# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1353# </a> 1354# 1355# Google's translation: 1356# 1357# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1358# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1359# > of the month of March of each year. 1360# 1361# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1362 1363# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1364# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1365 1366# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1367Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1368Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1369Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1370Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1371Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1372Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1373Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1374Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1375Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1376Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1377Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1378Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1379Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1380Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1381Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1382Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1383Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1384Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1385Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1386Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1387Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1388Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1389Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1390Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1391Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1392Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1393Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1394Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1395# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1396Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1397 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1398 1399 1400# Kazakhstan 1401 1402# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1403# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan 1404# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) 1405# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. 1406# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time 1407# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. 1408 1409# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1410# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses 1411# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. 1412# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules. 1413# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger: 1414# 1415# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. 1416# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. 1417# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. 1418 1419# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm"> 1420# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21): 1421# </a> 1422# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1423# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1424# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1425# 1426# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1427# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1428# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1429# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1430# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1431# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 1432# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1433# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1434# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1435 1436# 1437# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1438# 1439# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1440Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1441 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time 1442 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 1443 6:00 - ALMT 1992 1444 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 1445 6:00 - ALMT 1446# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) 1447Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1448 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time 1449 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 1450 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 1451 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 1452 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 1453 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1454 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1455 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 1456 6:00 - QYZT 1457# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk) 1458Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1459 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time 1460 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 1461 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 1462 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 1463 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 1464 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1465 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time 1466 5:00 - AQTT 1467# Mangghystau 1468# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1469# so include time stamps before 1963. 1470Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1471 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T 1472 5:00 - FORT 1963 1473 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time 1474 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 1475 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 1476 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1477 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time 1478 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 1479 5:00 - AQTT 1480# West Kazakhstan 1481Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1482 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time 1483 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 1484 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 1485 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 1486 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 1487 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 1488 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1489 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time 1490 5:00 - ORAT 1491 1492# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1493# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1494 1495# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1496# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1497# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml> 1498# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1499# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1500# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1501# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1502# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1503 1504# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1505Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1506Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1507Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1508Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1509# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1510Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1511 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 1512 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1513 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1514 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time 1515 6:00 - KGT 1516 1517############################################################################### 1518 1519# Korea (North and South) 1520 1521# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in 1522# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>: 1523# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already 1524# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said 1525# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight 1526# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War. 1527 1528# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1529# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1530Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 1531Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1532Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D 1533Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1534 1535# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1536Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890 1537 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1538 9:00 - KST 1928 1539 8:30 - KST 1932 1540 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1541 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1542 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct 1543 9:00 ROK K%sT 1544Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890 1545 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1546 9:00 - KST 1928 1547 8:30 - KST 1932 1548 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1549 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10 1550 9:00 - KST 1551 1552############################################################################### 1553 1554# Kuwait 1555# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1556# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14): 1557# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded 1558# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in 1559# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba. 1560# <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>. 1561# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 1562# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen, 1563# so for now we assume no DST. 1564Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 1565 3:00 - AST 1566 1567# Laos 1568# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1569Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan 1570 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1571 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1572 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1573 7:00 - ICT 1574 1575# Lebanon 1576# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1577Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1578Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1579Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1580Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1581Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1582Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1583Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1584Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1585Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1586Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1587Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1588Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1589Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1590Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1591Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1592Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1593Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1594Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1595Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1596Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1597Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1598Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1599Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1600Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1601# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1602Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 1603 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 1604 1605# Malaysia 1606# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1607Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 1608Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 1609# 1610# peninsular Malaysia 1611# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1612# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 1613# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1614Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1615 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1616 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1617 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1618 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1619 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1620 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1621 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 1622 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 1623# Sabah & Sarawak 1624# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1625# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982 1626# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1627# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1628Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 1629 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1630 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1631 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1632 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 1633 8:00 - MYT 1634 1635# Maldives 1636# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1637Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 1638 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 1639 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 1640 1641# Mongolia 1642 1643# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 1644# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03) 1645# both say that it has just one. 1646 1647# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 1648# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm"> 1649# General Information Mongolia 1650# </a> (1999-09) 1651# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 1652# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 1653# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 1654# eight hours." 1655 1656# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 1657# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 1658# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 1659# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 1660# of implementation may have been different.... 1661# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 1662# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 1663# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij. 1664 1665# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 1666# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 1667# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 1668# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 1669# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 1670# is good enough for our purposes. 1671 1672# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 1673# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 1674# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 1675# there are three time zones. 1676# 1677# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 1678# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov, 1679# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi 1680# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar 1681# 1682# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 1683 1684# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 1685# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 1686# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 1687# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 1688# 1689# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 1690# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 1691# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 1692 1693# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 1694# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 1695# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 1696# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 1697# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that 1698# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 1699# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 1700# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 1701# He also found 1702# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&> 1703# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 1704# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 1705# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 1706# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 1707# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 1708# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 1709# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 1710 1711# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 1712# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 1713# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 1714# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 1715 1716# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 1717# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 1718# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 1719# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 1720# database on this, e.g.: 1721# 1722# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026"> 1723# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 1724# </a> 1725# <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx"> 1726# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 1727# </a> 1728# 1729# both say GMT+08:00. 1730 1731# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 1732# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 1733# schedule here: 1734# <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112"> 1735# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 1736# </a> 1737# (click the English flag for English) 1738# 1739# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive 1740# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 1741# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern 1742# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are 1743# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 1744# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 1745 1746# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1747# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 1748# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 1749# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 1750# this is almost surely wrong. 1751 1752# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1753Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1754Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1755# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 1756# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 1757# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 1758# 1759# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 1760# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place 1761# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 1762# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 1763# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 1764# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 1765 1766Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1767Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1768# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 1769Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1770Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 1771Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1772 1773# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1774# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 1775Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 1776 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 1777 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 1778# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 1779Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 1780 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 1781 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 1782# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 1783# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 1784Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 1785 7:00 - ULAT 1978 1786 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 1787 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time 1788 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT 1789 1790# Nepal 1791# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1792Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 1793 5:30 - IST 1986 1794 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 1795 1796# Oman 1797# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1798Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920 1799 4:00 - GST 1800 1801# Pakistan 1802 1803# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 1804# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 1805# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 1806# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 1807# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 1808# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 1809 1810# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 1811# Jesper Norgaard found this URL: 1812# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 1813# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 1814# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 1815# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 1816# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 1817# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 1818# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 1819# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 1820# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 1821 1822# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 1823# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 1824# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 1825 1826# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 1827# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 1828# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 1829# 1830# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 1831# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 1832# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 1833# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 1834# 1835# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 1836# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 1837 1838# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 1839# 1840# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 1841# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 1842# 1843# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help 1844# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and 1845# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. 1846# ...." 1847# 1848# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html"> 1849# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 1850# </a> 1851# OR 1852# <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4"> 1853# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 1854# </a> 1855 1856# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1857# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 1858 1859# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 1860# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 1861# for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 1862# instead of August 31. 1863# 1864# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html"> 1865# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 1866# </a> 1867# OR 1868# <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html"> 1869# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 1870# </a> 1871 1872# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 1873# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 1874# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 1875# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 1876# official working." 1877# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280"> 1878# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 1879# </a> 1880# 1881# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 1882# introduce DST from April 15, 2009 1883# 1884# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 1885# April 08, 2009 1886# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 1887# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1"> 1888# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 1889# </a> 1890# 1891# or 1892# 1893# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html"> 1894# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 1895# </a> 1896# 1897# .... 1898# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 1899# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 1900# conserve energy" 1901 1902# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 1903# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 1904# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 1905# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 1906# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 1907# this regard." 1908# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168"> 1909# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 1910# </a> 1911 1912# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 1913# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 1914# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 1915# 1, 2009. 1916# 1917# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 1918# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2"> 1919# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 1920# </a> 1921# or 1922# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm"> 1923# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 1924# </a> 1925 1926# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 1927# Alexander Krivenyshev wrote: 1928# > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 1929# > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 1930# > 1, 2009. 1931# 1932# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 1933# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742"> 1934# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 1935# </a> 1936# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 1937# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 1938# Monday." 1939# 1940# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 1941# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 1942# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 1943# obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 1944# 1945# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 1946# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 1947# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html"> 1948# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 1949# </a> 1950 1951# From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01): 1952# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 1953# will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 1954 1955# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 1956# Steffen Thorsen wrote: 1957# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 1958# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 1959# > 1960# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 1961# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 1962# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 1963# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 1964# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 1965# 1966# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 1967# <a href="http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041"> 1968# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 1969# </a> 1970# 1971# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 1972# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2"> 1973# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 1974# </a> 1975 1976# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1977Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S 1978Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - 1979Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1980Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1981Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 1982Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1983 1984# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1985Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 1986 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 1987 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 1988 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 1989 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 1990 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 1991 1992# Palestine 1993 1994# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 1995# 1996# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 1997# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 1998# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 1999# 2000# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 2001# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 2002# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 2003# though. 2004# 2005# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 2006# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 2007# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 2008# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 2009# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 2010# East Jerusalem. 2011# 2012# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 2013# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 2014# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 2015# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 2016# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 2017# 2018# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 2019# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 2020# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 2021# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 2022# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 2023# Jordanian one). 2024# 2025# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 2026# 2027# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 2028# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 2029# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 2030# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 2031# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 2032# 2033# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 2034# have one). 2035 2036# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2037# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 2038# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 2039# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 2040# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 2041# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 2042# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 2043# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 2044# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 2045# to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please 2046# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions. 2047 2048# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 2049# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 2050# 2051# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 2052# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 2053# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 2054# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 2055 2056# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 2057# Daoud Kuttab writes in 2058# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html"> 2059# Holiday havoc 2060# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 2061# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 2062# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 2063# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 2064# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 2065 2066# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2067# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2068 2069# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2070# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2071# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2072# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2073# earlier--the same goes for Jordan. 2074 2075# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2076# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2077# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2078# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2079# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2080# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2081# the West Bank. 2082 2083# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2084# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2085# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2086# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2087# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2088# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2089# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2090# because of the Ramadan. 2091 2092# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2093# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2094# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2095 2096# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2097# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2098# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2099# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2100# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2101# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2102 2103# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2104# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2105# 2106# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2107# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2108# 2109# <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001"> 2110# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2111# </a> 2112# <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087"> 2113# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2114# </a> 2115# or 2116# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html"> 2117# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2118# </a> 2119 2120# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2121# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2122# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2123# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2124# 2125# (in Arabic) 2126# <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850"> 2127# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2128# </a> 2129# 2130# or 2131# (English translation) 2132# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html"> 2133# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2134# </a> 2135 2136# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2137# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2138# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2139# 2140# One news source: 2141# <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158"> 2142# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2143# </a> 2144# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2145# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2146# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2147# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2148# minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2149# 2150# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2151# end date, we will keep this page updated: 2152# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html"> 2153# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2154# </a> 2155 2156# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2157# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2158# 2159# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2160# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2161# 2162# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2163# (from Palestinian National Authority): 2164# <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2165# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2166# </a> 2167# or 2168# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html> 2169# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2170# </a> 2171 2172# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 2173# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 2174# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 2175# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 2176# 2177# <a href="http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697"> 2178# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 2179# </a> 2180# (in Arabic) 2181# or 2182# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html"> 2183# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 2184# </a> 2185 2186# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 2187# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 2188# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 2189# noon though: 2190# 2191# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178"> 2192# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 2193# </a> 2194# (Ma'an News Agency) 2195# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 2196# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 2197 2198# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 2199# According to several sources, including 2200# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795"> 2201# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 2202# </a> 2203# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 2204# Gaza and the West Bank. 2205# Some more background info: 2206# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html"> 2207# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 2208# </a> 2209 2210# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 2211# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 2212# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 2213# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 2214# Ramadan. 2215# 2216# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217"> 2217# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 2218# </a> 2219# Additional info: 2220# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html"> 2221# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 2222# </a> 2223 2224# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 2225# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 2226# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 2227# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 2228# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 2229# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 2230# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 2231# ... 2232# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650"> 2233# http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 2234# </a> 2235# or 2236# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html"> 2237# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 2238# </a> 2239# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file. 2240 2241# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 2242# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 2243# 00:00). 2244# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 2245# 2246# Many sources, including: 2247# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808"> 2248# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 2249# </a> 2250 2251# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2252# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 2253# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 2254# Some of many sources in Arabic: 2255# <a href="http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638"> 2256# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 2257# </a> 2258# 2259# <a href="http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html"> 2260# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html 2261# </a> 2262# 2263# Our brief summary: 2264# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html"> 2265# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 2266# </a> 2267 2268# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): 2269# The timeanddate article for 2012 says that "the end date has not yet been 2270# announced" and that "Last year, both...paused daylight saving time during... 2271# Ramadan. It is not yet known [for] 2012." 2272# For now, assume both switch back on the last Friday in September. XXX 2273 2274# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2275Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2276Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2277Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2278Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2279Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 2280Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 2281 2282Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2283Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2284Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2285Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2286Rule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2287Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2288Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2289Rule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 0:00 0 - 2290Rule Palestine 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2291Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 - 2292Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar lastSat 0:01 1:00 S 2293Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 2294 2295# From Arthur David Olson (2011-09-20): 2296# 2011 transitions per http://www.timeanddate.com as of 2011-09-20. 2297 2298# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2299Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2300 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2301 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2302 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2303 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2304 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Apr 2 12:01 2305 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Aug 1 2306 2:00 - EET 2012 Mar 30 2307 2:00 1:00 EEST 2012 Sep 28 2308 2:00 - EET 2309 2310Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 2311 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2312 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2313 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2314 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2315 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 2316 2:00 1:00 EEST 2008 Sep 2317 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Apr 1 12:01 2318 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Aug 1 2319 2:00 - EET 2011 Aug 30 2320 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Sep 30 3:00 2321 2:00 - EET 2012 Mar 30 2322 2:00 1:00 EEST 2012 Sep 28 3:00 2323 2:00 - EET 2324 2325# Paracel Is 2326# no information 2327 2328# Philippines 2329# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the 2330# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 2331# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a 2332# transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>. 2333# The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2334 2335# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2336# Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of 2337# Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the 2338# rainy season begins. See 2339# <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>. 2340# For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details. 2341# 2342# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2343# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2344# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2345# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2346# but no details] 2347 2348# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2349Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 2350Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 2351Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 2352Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 2353Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 2354Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2355# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2356Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 2357 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 2358 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 2359 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 2360 8:00 Phil PH%sT 2361 2362# Qatar 2363# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2364Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 2365 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 2366 3:00 - AST 2367 2368# Saudi Arabia 2369# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2370Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950 2371 3:00 - AST 2372 2373# Singapore 2374# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2375# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 2376# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2377Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2378 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2379 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 2380 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 2381 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 2382 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 2383 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 2384 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 2385 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 2386 8:00 - SGT 2387 2388# Spratly Is 2389# no information 2390 2391# Sri Lanka 2392# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 2393# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 2394# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24, 2395# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 2396# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 2397# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.'' 2398# 2399# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 2400# by Shamindra in 2401# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net"> 2402# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26) 2403# </a>: 2404# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 2405# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 2406 2407# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 2408# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 2409# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 2410# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 2411 2412# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 2413# <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML> 2414# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 2415# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 2416# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 2417# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 2418# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 2419# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 2420 2421# From K Sethu (2006-04-25): 2422# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at 2423# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government 2424# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization 2425# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard. 2426# 2427# I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments 2428# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka 2429# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation. 2430# 2431# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News 2432# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they 2433# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news 2434# item.... 2435# 2436# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and 2437# adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the 2438# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well 2439# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are 2440# slt.lk and sltnet.lk). 2441# 2442# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation 2443# (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for 2444# all computers. 2445 2446# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2447# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down 2448# and then see what people actually say in practice. 2449 2450# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2451Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 2452 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 2453 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 2454 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 2455 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 2456 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 2457 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 2458 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30 2459 5:30 - IST 2460 2461# Syria 2462# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2463Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 2464Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 2465Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 2466Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2467Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2468Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2469Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2470Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2471Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 2472Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2473Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2474Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 2475Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 2476Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2477Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 2478Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 2479Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 2480Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 2481Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 2482Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2483Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2484Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 2485Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2486Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2487Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2488Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 2489Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2490Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 2491# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 2492# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 2493# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 2494# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 2495# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 2496# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 2497Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2498Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2499Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 2500Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2501# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 2502# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 2503# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 2504Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2505# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 2506# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 2507# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 2508Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2509# From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27): 2510# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 2511# not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or 2512# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than 2513# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 2514# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 2515# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 2516# 2517# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 2518# Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote: 2519# 2520# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 2521# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 2522# 2523# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 2524# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 2525# 2526# which using Google's translate tools says: 2527# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 2528# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 2529# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 2530Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2531 2532# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 2533# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 2534# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA 2535# are now using: 2536# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 2537# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 2538# Variation 2539# Syrian Arab 2540# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 2541# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 2542# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 2543 2544# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 2545# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 2546# Agency (SANA)... 2547# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm"> 2548# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 2549# </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 2550# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 2551# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 2552# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 2553# shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 2554 2555# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2556# My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 2557# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 2558# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 2559# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 2560 2561# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 2562# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 2563# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 2564# 2565# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 2566# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 2567# clocks back 60 minutes). 2568# 2569# <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm"> 2570# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 2571# </a> 2572 2573# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 2574# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 2575# two examples: 2576# 2577# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm"> 2578# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 2579# </a> 2580# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 2581# <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209"> 2582# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 2583# </a> 2584# (Arabic, gov-site) 2585# 2586# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 2587# 2588# Our summary 2589# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html"> 2590# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 2591# </a> 2592 2593# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 2594# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 2595# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 2596# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 2597# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm"> 2598# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 2599# </a> 2600 2601# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 2602# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 2603# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 2604# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 2605 2606# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 2607# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 2608# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 2609# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 2610# <a href="http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421"> 2611# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 2612# </a> 2613 2614# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2615# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday 2616# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. 2617# 2618# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: 2619# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm"> 2620# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm 2621# </a> 2622# 2623# Our brief summary: 2624# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html"> 2625# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html 2626# </a> 2627 2628# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): 2629# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX. 2630 2631Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2632Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2633Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2634Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2635Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2636Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 2637 2638# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2639Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 2640 2:00 Syria EE%sT 2641 2642# Tajikistan 2643# From Shanks & Pottenger. 2644# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2645Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2646 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time 2647 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2648 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 2649 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time 2650 2651# Thailand 2652# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2653Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 2654 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 2655 7:00 - ICT 2656 2657# Turkmenistan 2658# From Shanks & Pottenger. 2659# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2660Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 2661 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time 2662 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2663 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence 2664 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 2665 5:00 - TMT 2666 2667# United Arab Emirates 2668# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2669Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 2670 4:00 - GST 2671 2672# Uzbekistan 2673# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2674Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2675 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time 2676 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 2677 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 2678 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time 2679 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2680 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2681 5:00 - UZT 2682Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2683 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 2684 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2685 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2686 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2687 5:00 - UZT 2688 2689# Vietnam 2690 2691# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2692# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City"; 2693# we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 2694 2695# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2696# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2697Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 2698 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 2699 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 2700 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 2701 7:00 - ICT 2702 2703# Yemen 2704# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2705Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950 2706 3:00 - AST 2707