1# @(#)asia 8.12 2# <pre> 3 4# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 7 8# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 9# 10# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 11# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 12# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 13# 14# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 15# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 16# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 17# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 18# of the IATA's data after 1990. 19# 20# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 21# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 22# 23# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 25# I found in the UCLA library. 26# 27# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 28# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 29# 30# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 31# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 32# Corrections are welcome! 33# std dst 34# LMT Local Mean Time 35# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 36# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 37# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 38# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran 39# 4:00 GST Gulf* 40# 5:30 IST India 41# 7:00 ICT Indochina* 42# 7:00 WIT west Indonesia 43# 8:00 CIT central Indonesia 44# 8:00 CST China 45# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)* 46# 9:00 EIT east Indonesia 47# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 48# 9:00 KST KDT Korea 49# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time 50# 51# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 52 53# From Guy Harris: 54# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 55# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 56# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 57# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 58 59############################################################################### 60 61# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 62# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 63Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 64Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 65Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 66Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 67Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 68Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 69Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 70Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 71Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 72Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 73Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 74Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 75Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 76Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 77Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 78 79# Afghanistan 80# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 81Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 82 4:00 - AFT 1945 83 4:30 - AFT 84 85# Armenia 86# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 87# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 88# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 89# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 90# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 91# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 92# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 93# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 94# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 95# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 96Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 97 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 98 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 99 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 100 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 101 4:00 - AMT 1997 102 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 103 104# Azerbaijan 105# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 106# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 107# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf 108# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 109Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 110Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 111# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 112Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 113 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 114 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 115 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 116 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 117 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time 118 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 119 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 120 121# Bahrain 122# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 123Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah 124 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 125 3:00 - AST 126 127# Bangladesh 128# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 129Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 130 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 131 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 132 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 133 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 134 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 135 6:00 - BDT # Bangladesh Time 136 137# Bhutan 138# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 139Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 140 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 141 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 142 143# British Indian Ocean Territory 144# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 145# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 146# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 147# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 148# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 149# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 150Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 151 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 152 6:00 - IOT 153 154# Brunei 155# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 156Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 157 7:30 - BNT 1933 158 8:00 - BNT 159 160# Burma / Myanmar 161# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 162Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 163 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 164 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 165 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 166 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 167 168# Cambodia 169# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 170Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 171 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 172 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 173 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 174 7:00 - ICT 175 176# China 177 178# From Guy Harris: 179# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 180 181# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 182# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 183# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 184# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 185# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of 186# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 187# 188# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 189# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for 190# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 191# 192# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 193# 1987 mid-April - ?? 194 195# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 196# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 197# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 198 199# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 200# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau) 201# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST 202# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's 203# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986. 204# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other 205# pre-1980 time zones. 206 207# From Shanks & Pottenger: 208# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 209Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 210Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 211Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 212Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 213Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 214Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 215 216# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 217# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 218# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 219# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 220# 221# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 222# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 223# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 224# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 225# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 226# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 227# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 228# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 229# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 230# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 231 232 233# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 234# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) 235# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 236Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin 237 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time 238 8:00 - CST 1940 239 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May 240 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May 241 8:00 PRC C%sT 242# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") 243# most of China 244Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928 245 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 246 8:00 PRC C%sT 247# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) 248# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 249# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 250# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 251# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 252Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking 253 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time 254 8:00 PRC C%sT 255# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") 256# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 257# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 258# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 259# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 260# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 261# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 262# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 263# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 264Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi 265 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time 266 8:00 PRC C%sT 267# Kunlun Time 268# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 269# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 270# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 271# and Yarkand. 272Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 273 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time 274 5:00 - KAST 1980 May 275 8:00 PRC C%sT 276 277# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 278# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 279Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 280Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 281Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 282Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 283Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 284Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 285Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 286Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 287Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 288Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 289Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 290Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 291Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 292Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 293Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 294# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 295Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 296 8:00 HK HK%sT 297 298 299############################################################################### 300 301# Taiwan 302 303# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it 304# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't 305# have any other information. 306 307# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 308Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 309Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 310Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 311Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 312Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 313Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 314Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 315Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 316Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 317Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D 318Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 319# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 320Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei 321 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 322 323# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 324# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 325Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 326Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 327Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 328Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 329Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 330Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 331Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 332Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 333Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 334Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 335Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 336Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 337Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 338Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 339# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 340Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 341 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 342 8:00 PRC C%sT 343 344 345############################################################################### 346 347# Cyprus 348# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 349Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 350Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 351Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 352Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 353Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 354Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 355Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 356Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 357Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 358# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 359Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 360 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 361 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 362# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 363 364# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 365# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 366Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 367 368# Georgia 369# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 370# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 371# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 372# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 373# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 374# 375# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 376# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 377# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 378# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 379# 380# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 381# 382# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 383# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 384# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 385# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 386# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 387# of integration into Europe. 388 389# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 390# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 391# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 392# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 393# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 394# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 395# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 396# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 397# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 398 399 400# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 401Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880 402 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 403 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 404 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 405 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 406 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 407 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 408 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 409 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 410 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 411 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 412 4:00 - GET 413 414# East Timor 415 416# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 417 418# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 419# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm"> 420# East Timor may be late for its millennium 421# </a> (1999-12-26/31): 422# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 423# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 424# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 425# conflicts with their way of life. 426 427# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 428# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 429# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 430 431# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html"> 432# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 433# (2000-08-16)</a>: 434# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 435# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 436# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 437# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 438 439# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 440Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 441 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 442 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 443 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 444 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00 445 9:00 - TLT 446 447# India 448# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 449Zone Asia/Calcutta 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 450 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 451 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 452 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 453 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 454 5:30 - IST 455# The following are like Asia/Calcutta: 456# Andaman Is 457# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 458# Nicobar Is 459 460# Indonesia 461# 462# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 463# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime> 464# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 465# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 466# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 467# 468# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 469# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 470# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 471# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 472# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 473# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 474# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 475# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions 476# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 477# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 478# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 479# switched on 1945-09-23. 480# 481# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 482Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 483# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 484# but this must be a typo. 485 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta 486 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 487 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23 488 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 489 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 490 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 491 7:30 - WIT 1964 492 7:00 - WIT 493Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 494 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 495 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29 496 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 497 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 498 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 499 7:30 - WIT 1964 500 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1 501 7:00 - WIT 502Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 503 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 504 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9 505 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 506 8:00 - CIT 507Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 508 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1 509 9:30 - CST 1964 510 9:00 - EIT 511 512# Iran 513 514# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 515# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 516# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 517# 518# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 519# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 520# 521# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 522# 523# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 524# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 525# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 526# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 527# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 528# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 529# 530# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 531# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 532# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 533# Shahrivar. 534# 535# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 536# 537# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 538# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 539# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 540# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 541# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 542# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 543# 544# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 545# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 546# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 547# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 548# plan to change that law.... 549# 550# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 551# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 552# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 553# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 554# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 555# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 556# 557# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 558# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 559# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 560# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 561# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 562# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 563# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 564# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 565# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 566# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 567# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 568# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 569# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 570# 571# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 572# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 573# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 574# 575# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen: 576# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 577# daylight saving time ... 578# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 579# 580# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 581Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 582Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 583Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 584Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 585Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 586Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 587Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 588Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 589Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 590Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 591Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 592Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 593Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 594Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 595Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 596Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 597Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 598Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 599Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 600Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 601Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 602Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 603Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 604Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 605Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 606Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 607Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 608Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 609Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 610Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 611Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 612Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 613Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 614Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 615Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 616Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 617Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 618Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 619Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 620Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 621Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 622Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 623Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 624Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 625Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 626Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 627Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 628Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 629Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 630# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 631Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 632 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 633 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 634 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 635 3:30 Iran IR%sT 636 637 638# Iraq 639# 640# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 641# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 642# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 643# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 644# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 645# 646# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 647# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 648# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 649# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 650# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 651# 652# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 653 654# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 655Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 656Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 657Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 658Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 659Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 660Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 661# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo. 662# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 663# 664Rule Iraq 1991 max - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 665Rule Iraq 1991 max - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 666# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 667Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 668 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 669 3:00 - AST 1982 May 670 3:00 Iraq A%sT 671 672 673############################################################################### 674 675# Israel 676 677# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 678# 679# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 680# different abbreviations in use: 681# 682# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 683# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 684# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 685# 686# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 687# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 688# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 689# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 690# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 691# settings in Israeli computers. 692# 693# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 694# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 695# family is from India). 696 697# From Shanks & Pottenger: 698# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 699Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 700Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 701Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 702Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 703Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 704Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 705Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 706Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 707Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 708Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 709Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 710Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 711Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 712Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 713Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 714Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 715Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 716Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 717Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 718Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 719Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 720Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 721Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 722Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 723Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 724Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 725Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 726Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 727Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 728Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 729Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 730Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 731Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 732Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 733Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 734Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 735Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 736Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 737Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D 738Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 739 740# From Ephraim Silverberg 741# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 742# and 2005-02-17): 743 744# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 745# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 746# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 747# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 748# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 749# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 750# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 751# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 752# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 753# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 754# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 755# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 756# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 757# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 758# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 759# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 760# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 761# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 762# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 763# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 764# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 765# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 766 767# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 768Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 769Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 770Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 771Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 772Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 773Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 774Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 775Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 776Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 777Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 778 779# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 780# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 781# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 782 783# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 784Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 785Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 786Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 787Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 788 789# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 790# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 791# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 792# 793# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 794# 795# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 796# 797# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 798# 799# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 800# 801# where YYYY is the relevant year. 802 803# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 804Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 805Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 806Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 807Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 808Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 809Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 810Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 811Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 812 813# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 814# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 815# years 2001-2004 as well. 816# 817# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 818# 819# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 820# 821# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 822# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 823# 824# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 825 826# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 827Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 828Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 829Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 830Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 831Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 832Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 833Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 834Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 835Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 836Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 837 838# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 839# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 840# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 841# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 842# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 843# 844# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 845# 846# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 847 848# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22): 849# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 850# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 851# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 852# to generate the transitions in this list. 853# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 854# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule: 855# 856# Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 857# 858# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 859# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 860# springtime transitions explicitly. 861 862# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 863Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 864Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 865Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 866Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 867Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 868Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 869Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 870Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 871Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 872Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 873Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 874Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 875Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S 876Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 877Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 878Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 879Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 880Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 881Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 882Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 883Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 884Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 885Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 886Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 887Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 888Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 889Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 890Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 891Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 892Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 893Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S 894Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 895Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 896Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 897Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S 898Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 899Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 900Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 901Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 902Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S 903Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S 904Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 905Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S 906 907# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 908Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880 909 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 910 2:00 Zion I%sT 911 912 913 914############################################################################### 915 916# Japan 917 918# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris. 919 920# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 921# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 922# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued 923# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.'' 924 925# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times 926# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>: 927# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 928# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 929# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 930# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 931# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 932# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 933# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 934# wanted to keep it.) 935 936# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 937# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 938# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 939Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 940Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 941Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 942Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 943# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 944# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 945# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 946# would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 947 948# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 949# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 950# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0. 951# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 952# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 953# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 954# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 955 956# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 957# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 958# which stands for the time on E 135 degree. 959# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 960# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 961# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard 962# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 963# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 964# standard.... 965# 966# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 967# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 968 969# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few 970# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all 971# ordinances took effect on Jan 1. 972 973# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 974Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 975 9:00 - JST 1896 976 9:00 - CJT 1938 977 9:00 Japan J%sT 978# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 979 980# Jordan 981# 982# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html"> 983# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 984# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 985# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 986# all year round. 987# 988# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html"> 989# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 990# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 991# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 992# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 993# government's departments from six to seven hours. 994# 995# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 996# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 997# 998# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 999# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1000# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1001# 1002# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1003# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1004# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1005# 1006# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1007Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1008Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1009Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1010Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1011Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1012Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1013Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1014Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1015Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1016Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1017Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1018Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1019Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1020Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1021Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1022Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1023Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1024Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1025Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1026Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1027Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1028Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastThu 0:00s 0 - 1029Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1030Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1031Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1032Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1033Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1034# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1035Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1036 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1037 1038 1039# Kazakhstan 1040 1041# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1042# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan 1043# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) 1044# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. 1045# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time 1046# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. 1047 1048# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1049# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses 1050# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. 1051# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules. 1052# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger: 1053# 1054# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. 1055# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. 1056# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. 1057 1058# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm"> 1059# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21): 1060# </a> 1061# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1062# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1063# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1064# 1065# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1066# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1067# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1068# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1069# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1070# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 1071# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1072# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1073# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1074 1075# 1076# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1077# 1078# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1079Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1080 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time 1081 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 1082 6:00 - ALMT 1992 1083 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 1084 6:00 - ALMT 1085# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) 1086Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1087 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time 1088 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 1089 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 1090 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 1091 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 1092 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1093 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1094 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 1095 6:00 - QYZT 1096# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk) 1097Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1098 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time 1099 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 1100 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 1101 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 1102 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 1103 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1104 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time 1105 5:00 - AQTT 1106# Mangghystau 1107# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1108# so include time stamps before 1963. 1109Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1110 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T 1111 5:00 - FORT 1963 1112 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time 1113 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 1114 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 1115 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1116 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time 1117 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 1118 5:00 - AQTT 1119# West Kazakhstan 1120Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1121 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time 1122 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 1123 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 1124 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 1125 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 1126 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 1127 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1128 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time 1129 5:00 - ORAT 1130 1131# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1132# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1133 1134# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1135# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1136# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml> 1137# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1138# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1139# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1140# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1141# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1142 1143# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1144Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1145Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1146Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1147Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1148# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1149Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1150 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 1151 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1152 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1153 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time 1154 6:00 - KGT 1155 1156############################################################################### 1157 1158# Korea (North and South) 1159 1160# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in 1161# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>: 1162# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already 1163# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said 1164# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight 1165# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War. 1166 1167# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1168# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1169Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 1170Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1171Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D 1172Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1173 1174# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1175Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890 1176 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1177 9:00 - KST 1928 1178 8:30 - KST 1932 1179 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1180 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1181 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct 1182 9:00 ROK K%sT 1183Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890 1184 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1185 9:00 - KST 1928 1186 8:30 - KST 1932 1187 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1188 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10 1189 9:00 - KST 1190 1191############################################################################### 1192 1193# Kuwait 1194# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1195# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14): 1196# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded 1197# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in 1198# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba. 1199# <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>. 1200# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 1201# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen, 1202# so for now we assume no DST. 1203Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 1204 3:00 - AST 1205 1206# Laos 1207# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1208Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan 1209 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1210 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1211 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1212 7:00 - ICT 1213 1214# Lebanon 1215# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1216Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1217Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1218Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1219Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1220Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1221Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1222Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1223Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1224Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1225Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1226Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1227Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1228Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1229Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1230Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1231Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1232Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1233Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1234Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1235Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1236Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1237Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1238Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1239Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1240# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1241Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 1242 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 1243 1244# Malaysia 1245# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1246Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 1247Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 1248# 1249# peninsular Malaysia 1250# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1251# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 1252# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1253Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1254 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1255 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1256 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1257 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1258 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1259 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1260 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 1261 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 1262# Sabah & Sarawak 1263# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1264# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982 1265# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1266# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1267Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 1268 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1269 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1270 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1271 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 1272 8:00 - MYT 1273 1274# Maldives 1275# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1276Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 1277 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 1278 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 1279 1280# Mongolia 1281 1282# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 1283# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03) 1284# both say that it has just one. 1285 1286# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 1287# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm"> 1288# General Information Mongolia 1289# </a> (1999-09) 1290# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 1291# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 1292# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 1293# eight hours." 1294 1295# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 1296# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 1297# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 1298# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 1299# of implementation may have been different.... 1300# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 1301# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 1302# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij. 1303 1304# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 1305# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 1306# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 1307# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 1308# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 1309# is good enough for our purposes. 1310 1311# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 1312# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 1313# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 1314# there are three time zones. 1315# 1316# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 1317# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov, 1318# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi 1319# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar 1320# 1321# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 1322 1323# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 1324# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 1325# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 1326# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 1327# 1328# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 1329# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 1330# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 1331 1332# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 1333# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 1334# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 1335# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 1336# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that 1337# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 1338# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 1339# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 1340# He also found 1341# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&> 1342# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 1343# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 1344# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 1345# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 1346# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 1347# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 1348# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 1349 1350# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 1351# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 1352# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 1353# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 1354 1355# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1356Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1357Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1358# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 1359# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 1360# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 1361# 1362# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 1363# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place 1364# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 1365# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 1366# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 1367# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 1368 1369Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1370Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1371# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 1372Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1373Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 1374Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1375 1376# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1377# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 1378Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 1379 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 1380 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 1381# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 1382Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 1383 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 1384 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 1385# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 1386# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 1387Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 1388 7:00 - ULAT 1978 1389 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 1390 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT # Choibalsan Time 1391 1392# Nepal 1393# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1394Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 1395 5:30 - IST 1986 1396 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 1397 1398# Oman 1399# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1400Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920 1401 4:00 - GST 1402 1403# Pakistan 1404 1405# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 1406# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 1407# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 1408# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 1409# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 1410# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 1411 1412# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 1413# Jesper Norgaard found this URL: 1414# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 1415# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 1416# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 1417# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 1418# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 1419# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 1420# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 1421# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 1422# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 1423 1424# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 1425# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 1426# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 1427 1428# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 1429# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 1430# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 1431# 1432# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 1433# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 1434# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 1435# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 1436# 1437# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 1438# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 1439 1440 1441# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1442Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S 1443Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - 1444# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1445Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 1446 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 1447 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 1448 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 1449 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 1450 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 1451 1452# Palestine 1453 1454# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 1455# 1456# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 1457# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 1458# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 1459# 1460# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 1461# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 1462# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 1463# though. 1464# 1465# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 1466# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 1467# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 1468# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 1469# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 1470# East Jerusalem. 1471# 1472# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 1473# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 1474# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 1475# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 1476# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 1477# 1478# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 1479# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 1480# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 1481# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 1482# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 1483# Jordanian one). 1484# 1485# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 1486# 1487# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 1488# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 1489# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 1490# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 1491# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 1492# 1493# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 1494# have one). 1495 1496# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1497# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 1498# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 1499# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 1500# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 1501# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 1502# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 1503# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 1504# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 1505# to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please 1506# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions. 1507 1508# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 1509# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 1510# 1511# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 1512# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 1513# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 1514# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 1515 1516# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 1517# Daoud Kuttab writes in 1518# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html"> 1519# Holiday havoc 1520# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 1521# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 1522# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 1523# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 1524# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 1525 1526# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1527# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1528 1529# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1530# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 1531# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 1532# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 1533# earlier--the same goes for Jordan. 1534 1535# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 1536# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 1537# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 1538# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 1539# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 1540# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 1541# the West Bank. 1542 1543# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 1544# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 1545# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 1546# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 1547# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 1548# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 1549# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 1550# because of the Ramadan. 1551 1552# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 1553# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 1554# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 1555 1556# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 1557# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 1558# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 1559# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 1560# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 1561# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 1562 1563# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file. 1564# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1565Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1566Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1567Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1568Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 1569Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1570Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 1571 1572Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 1573Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1574Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1575Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1576Rule Palestine 2006 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1577Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1578Rule Palestine 2007 max - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 1579 1580# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1581Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 1582 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 1583 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 1584 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 1585 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 1586 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 1587 1588# Paracel Is 1589# no information 1590 1591# Philippines 1592# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the 1593# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 1594# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a 1595# transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>. 1596# The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1597 1598# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 1599# Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of 1600# Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the 1601# rainy season begins. See 1602# <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>. 1603# For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details. 1604# 1605# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 1606# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 1607# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 1608# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 1609# but no details] 1610 1611# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1612Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 1613Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 1614Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 1615Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 1616Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 1617Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1618# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1619Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 1620 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 1621 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 1622 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 1623 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1624 1625# Qatar 1626# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1627Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 1628 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 1629 3:00 - AST 1630 1631# Saudi Arabia 1632# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1633Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950 1634 3:00 - AST 1635 1636# Singapore 1637# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1638# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 1639# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1640Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1641 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1642 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1643 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1644 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1645 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1646 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1647 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 1648 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 1649 8:00 - SGT 1650 1651# Spratly Is 1652# no information 1653 1654# Sri Lanka 1655# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 1656# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 1657# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24, 1658# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 1659# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 1660# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.'' 1661# 1662# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 1663# by Shamindra in 1664# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net"> 1665# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26) 1666# </a>: 1667# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 1668# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 1669 1670# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 1671# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 1672# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 1673# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 1674 1675# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 1676# <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML> 1677# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 1678# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 1679# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 1680# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 1681# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use TZ='Asia/Calcutta', 1682# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 1683 1684# From K Sethu (2006-04-25): 1685# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at 1686# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government 1687# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization 1688# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard. 1689# 1690# I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments 1691# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka 1692# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation. 1693# 1694# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News 1695# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they 1696# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news 1697# item.... 1698# 1699# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and 1700# adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the 1701# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well 1702# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are 1703# slt.lk and sltnet.lk). 1704# 1705# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation 1706# (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for 1707# all computers. 1708 1709# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 1710# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down 1711# and then see what people actually say in practice. 1712 1713# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1714Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 1715 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 1716 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 1717 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 1718 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 1719 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 1720 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 1721 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30 1722 5:30 - IST 1723 1724# Syria 1725# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1726Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1727Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 1728Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 1729Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1730Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 1731Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1732Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1733Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1734Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 1735Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1736Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 1737Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 1738Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 1739Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1740Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 1741Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 1742Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 1743Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 1744Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 1745Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1746Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1747Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 1748Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1749Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1750Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1751Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 1752Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1753Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 1754# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 1755# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 1756# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 1757# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 1758# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 1759# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 1760Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1761Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1762Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 1763Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1764# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 1765# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 1766# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 1767Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1768# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 1769# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 1770# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 1771# For lack of better info, assume the rule changed to "last Friday in March" 1772# this year. 1773Rule Syria 2007 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 1774Rule Syria 2007 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1775# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1776Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 1777 2:00 Syria EE%sT 1778 1779# Tajikistan 1780# From Shanks & Pottenger. 1781# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1782Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1783 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time 1784 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1785 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 1786 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time 1787 1788# Thailand 1789# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1790Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 1791 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 1792 7:00 - ICT 1793 1794# Turkmenistan 1795# From Shanks & Pottenger. 1796# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1797Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 1798 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time 1799 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 1800 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence 1801 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1802 5:00 - TMT 1803 1804# United Arab Emirates 1805# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1806Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 1807 4:00 - GST 1808 1809# Uzbekistan 1810# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1811Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1812 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time 1813 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 1814 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 1815 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time 1816 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 1817 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 1818 5:00 - UZT 1819Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1820 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 1821 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 1822 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 1823 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 1824 5:00 - UZT 1825 1826# Vietnam 1827 1828# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 1829# Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long. 1830# We'll stick with the traditional name for now. 1831 1832# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1833# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1834Zone Asia/Saigon 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 1835 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1836 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1837 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1838 7:00 - ICT 1839 1840# Yemen 1841# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1842Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950 1843 3:00 - AST 1844