1# @(#)asia 7.90 2# <pre> 3 4# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 7 8# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22): 9# 10# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 11# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 12# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 13# 14# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 15# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 16# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 17# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 18# of the IATA's data after 1990. 19# 20# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, 21# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 22# 23# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 25# I found in the UCLA library. 26# 27# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 28# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 29# 30# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 31# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 32# Corrections are welcome! 33# std dst 34# LMT Local Mean Time 35# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 36# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 37# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 38# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran 39# 4:00 GST Gulf* 40# 5:30 IST India 41# 7:00 ICT Indochina* 42# 7:00 WIT west Indonesia 43# 8:00 CIT central Indonesia 44# 8:00 CST China 45# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)* 46# 9:00 EIT east Indonesia 47# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 48# 9:00 KST KDT Korea 49# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time 50# 51# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 52 53# From Guy Harris: 54# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 55# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 56# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 57# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 58 59############################################################################### 60 61# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. 62# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 63Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 64Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 65Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 66Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 67Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 68Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 69Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 70Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 71Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 72Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 73Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 74Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 75Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 76Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 77 78# Afghanistan 79# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 80Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 81 4:00 - AFT 1945 82 4:30 - AFT 83 84# Armenia 85# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 86# Shanks has Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) in spring 1991, 87# then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then readopting Russian DST in 1997. 88# Go with Shanks, even when he disagrees with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 89# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 90# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 91# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 92# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 93# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 94Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 95 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 96 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 97 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 98 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 99 4:00 - AMT 1997 100 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 101 102# Azerbaijan 103# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 104# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 105# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf 106# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 107Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 108Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 109# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 110Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 111 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 112 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 113 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 114 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 115 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time 116 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 117 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 118 119# Bahrain 120# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 121Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah 122 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 123 3:00 - AST 124 125# Bangladesh 126# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 127Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 128 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 129 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 130 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 131 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 132 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 133 6:00 - BDT # Bangladesh Time 134 135# Bhutan 136# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 137Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 138 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 139 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 140 141# British Indian Ocean Territory 142# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 143# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 144# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 145# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 146# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 147# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 148Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 149 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 150 6:00 - IOT 151 152# Brunei 153# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 154Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 155 7:30 - BNT 1933 156 8:00 - BNT 157 158# Burma / Myanmar 159# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 160Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 161 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 162 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 163 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 164 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 165 166# Cambodia 167# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 168Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 169 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 170 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 171 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 172 7:00 - ICT 173 174# China 175 176# From Guy Harris: 177# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 178 179# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 180# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 181# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 182# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 183# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of 184# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 185# 186# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 187# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for 188# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 189# 190# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 191# 1987 mid-April - ?? 192 193# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 194# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 195# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 196 197# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 198# Shanks writes that China has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, 199# observing summer DST from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's 200# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986. 201# Go with Shanks for now. I made up names for the other pre-1980 time zones. 202 203# From Shanks: 204# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 205Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 206Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 207Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 208Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 209Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 210Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 211# 212# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 213# 214# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 215# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 216# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 217# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949): 218# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) 219Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin 220 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time 221 8:00 - CST 1940 222 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May 223 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May 224 8:00 PRC C%sT 225# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") 226Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928 227 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 228 8:00 PRC C%sT 229# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) 230Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking 231 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time 232 8:00 PRC C%sT 233# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") 234Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi 235 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time 236 8:00 PRC C%sT 237# Kunlun Time 238Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 239 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time 240 5:00 - KAST 1980 May 241 8:00 PRC C%sT 242 243# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 244# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 245Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 246Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 247Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 248Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 249Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 250Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 251Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 252Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 253Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 254Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 255Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 256Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 257Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 258Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 259Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 260# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 261Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 262 8:00 HK HK%sT 263 264 265############################################################################### 266 267# Taiwan 268 269# Shanks writes that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it 270# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't 271# have any other information. 272 273# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 274Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 275Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 276Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 277Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 278Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 279Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 280Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 281Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 282Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 283Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D 284Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 285# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 286Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei 287 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 288 289# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 290# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 291Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 292Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 293Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 294Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 295Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 296Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 297Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 298Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 299Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 300Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 301Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 302Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 303Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 304Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 305# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 306Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 307 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 308 8:00 PRC C%sT 309 310 311############################################################################### 312 313# Cyprus 314# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 315Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 316Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 317Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 318Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 319Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 320Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 321Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 322Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 323Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 324# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 325Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 326 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 327 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 328# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 329 330# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 331# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 332Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 333 334# Georgia 335# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 336# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 337# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 338# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 339# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 340# 341# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 342# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 343# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 344# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 345# 346# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 347# 348# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 349# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 350# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 351# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 352# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 353# of integration into Europe. 354 355# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 356# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 357# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 358# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 359# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 360# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 361# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 362# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 363# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 364 365 366# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 367Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880 368 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 369 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 370 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 371 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 372 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 373 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 374 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 375 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 376 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 377 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 378 4:00 - GET 379 380# East Timor 381 382# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 383# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm"> 384# East Timor may be late for its millennium 385# </a> (1999-12-26/31): 386# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 387# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 388# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 389# conflicts with their way of life. 390 391# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 392# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 393# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 394 395# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html"> 396# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 397# (2000-08-16)</a>: 398# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 399# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 400# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 401# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 402 403# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 404Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 405 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 406 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 407 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 408 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00 409 9:00 - TLT 410 411# India 412# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 413Zone Asia/Calcutta 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 414 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 415 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 416 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 417 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 418 5:30 - IST 419# The following are like Asia/Calcutta: 420# Andaman Is 421# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 422# Nicobar Is 423 424# Indonesia 425# 426# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks: 427# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime> 428# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 429# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 430# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 431# 432# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 433Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 434# Shanks says the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 435# but this must be a typo. 436 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta 437 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 438 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23 439 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 440 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 441 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 442 7:30 - WIT 1964 443 7:00 - WIT 444Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 445 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 446 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29 447 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 448 7:30 - WIT 1948 May 449 8:00 - WIT 1950 May 450 7:30 - WIT 1964 451 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1 452 7:00 - WIT 453Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 454 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 455 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9 456 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 457 8:00 - CIT 458Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 459 9:00 - EIT 1944 460 9:30 - CST 1964 461 9:00 - EIT 462 463# Iran 464 465# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 466# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 467# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 468# 469# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 470# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 471# 472# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 473# 474# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 475# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 476# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 477# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 478# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 479# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 480# 481# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 482# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 483# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 484# Shahrivar. 485# 486# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 487# 488# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 489# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 490# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 491# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 492# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 493# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 494# 495# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 496# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 497# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 498# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 499# plan to change that law.... 500# 501# From Paul Eggert (2005-04-05): 502# Go with Shanks before September 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 503# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 504# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 505# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 506# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 507# 508# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 509# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 510# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 511# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 512# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 513# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 514# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 515# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 516# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 517# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 518# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 519# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 520# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 521# 522# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 523Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 524Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 525Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 526Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 527Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 528Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 529Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 530Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 531Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 532Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 533Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 534Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 535Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 536Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 537Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 538Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 539Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 540Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 541Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 542Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 543Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 544Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 545Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 546Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 547Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 548Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 549Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 550Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 551Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 552Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 553Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 554Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 555Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 556Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 557Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 558Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 559Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 560Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 561Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 562Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 563Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 564Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 565Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 566Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 567Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 568Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 569Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 570Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 571Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 572# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 573Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 574 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 575 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 576 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 577 3:30 Iran IR%sT 578 579 580# Iraq 581# 582# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 583# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 584# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 585# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 586# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 587# 588# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 589# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 590# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 591# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 592# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 593# 594# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 595 596# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 597Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 598Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 599Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 600Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 601Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 602Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 603# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo. 604# Shanks says Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997 or 1999 on; ignore this. 605Rule Iraq 1991 max - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 606Rule Iraq 1991 max - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 607# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 608Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 609 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 610 3:00 - AST 1982 May 611 3:00 Iraq A%sT 612 613 614############################################################################### 615 616# Israel 617 618# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 619# 620# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 621# different abbreviations in use: 622# 623# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 624# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 625# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 626# 627# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 628# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 629# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 630# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 631# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 632# settings in Israeli computers. 633# 634# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 635# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 636# family is from India). 637 638# From Shanks: 639# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 640Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 641Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 642Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 643Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 644Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 645Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 646Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 647Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 648Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 649Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 650Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 651Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 652Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 653Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 654Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 655Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 656Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 657Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 658Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 659Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 660Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 661Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 662Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 663Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 664Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 665Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 666Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 667Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 668Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 669Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 670Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 671Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 672Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 673Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 674Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 675Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 676Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 677Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 678Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D 679Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 680 681# From Ephraim Silverberg 682# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 683# and 2005-02-17): 684 685# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 686# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 687# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 688# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 689# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 690# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 691# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 692# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 693# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 694# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 695# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 696# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 697# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 698# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 699# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 700# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 701# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 702# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 703# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 704# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 705# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 706# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 707 708# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 709Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 710Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 711Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 712Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 713Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 714Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 715Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 716Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 717Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 718Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 719 720# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 721# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 722# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 723 724# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 725Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 726Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 727Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 728Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 729 730# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 731# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 732# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 733# 734# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 735# 736# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 737# 738# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 739# 740# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 741# 742# where YYYY is the relevant year. 743 744# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 745Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 746Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 747Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 748Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 749Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 750Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 751Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 752Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 753 754# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 755# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 756# years 2001-2004 as well. 757# 758# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 759# 760# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 761# 762# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 763# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 764# 765# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 766 767# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 768Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 769Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 770Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 771Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 772Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 773Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 774Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 775Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 776Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 777Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 778 779# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 780# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 781# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 782# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 783# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 784# 785# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 786# 787# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 788 789# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22): 790# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 791# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 792# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 793# to generate the transitions in this list. 794# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 795# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule: 796# 797# Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 798# 799# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 800# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 801# springtime transitions explicitly. 802 803# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 804Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 805Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 806Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 807Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 808Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 809Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 810Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 811Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 812Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 813Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 814Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 815Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 816Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S 817Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 818Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 819Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 820Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 821Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 822Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 823Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 824Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 825Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 826Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 827Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 828Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 829Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 830Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 831Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 832Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 833Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S 834Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S 835Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S 836Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 837Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S 838Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S 839Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 840Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 841Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 842Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 843Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S 844Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S 845Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S 846Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S 847 848# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 849Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880 850 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 851 2:00 Zion I%sT 852 853 854 855############################################################################### 856 857# Japan 858 859# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris. 860 861# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 862# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 863# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued 864# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.'' 865 866# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times 867# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>: 868# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 869# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 870# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 871# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 872# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 873# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 874# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 875# wanted to keep it.) 876 877# Shanks writes that daylight saving in Japan during those years was as follows: 878# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 879Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 880Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 881Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 882Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 883# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 884# Shanks's audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 885# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 886# would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 887 888# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 889# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 890# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0. 891# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 892# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 893# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 894# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 895 896# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 897# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 898# which stands for the time on E 135 degree. 899# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 900# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 901# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard 902# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 903# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 904# standard.... 905# 906# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 907# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 908 909# Shanks claims JST in use since 1896, and that a few places (e.g. Ishigaki) 910# use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all ordinances took effect on Jan 1. 911 912# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 913Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 914 9:00 - JST 1896 915 9:00 - CJT 1938 916 9:00 Japan J%sT 917# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 918 919# Jordan 920# 921# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html"> 922# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 923# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 924# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 925# all year round. 926# 927# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html"> 928# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 929# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 930# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 931# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 932# government's departments from six to seven hours. 933# 934# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 935# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 936# 937# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 938Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 939Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 940Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 941Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 942Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 943Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 944Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 945Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 946Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 947Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 948Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 949Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 950Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 951Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 952Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 953Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 954Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 955Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 956Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 957Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 958Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 959Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastThu 0:00s 0 - 960Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 961Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 962Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 963Rule Jordan 2005 max - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 964# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 965Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 966 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 967 968 969# Kazakhstan 970 971# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 972# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan 973# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) 974# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. 975# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time 976# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. 977 978# From Paul Eggert (2001-10-18): 979# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses 980# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. 981# Go with Shanks, who has them always using RussiaAsia rules. 982# Also go with the following claims of Shanks: 983# 984# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. 985# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. 986# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. 987 988# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm"> 989# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21): 990# </a> 991# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 992# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 993# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 994# 995# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 996# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 997# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 998# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 999# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1000# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 1001# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1002# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1003# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1004 1005# 1006# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1007# 1008# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1009Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1010 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time 1011 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 1012 6:00 - ALMT 1992 1013 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 1014 6:00 - ALMT 1015# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) 1016Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1017 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time 1018 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 1019 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 1020 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 1021 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 1022 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1023 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1024 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 1025 6:00 - QYZT 1026# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk) 1027Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1028 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time 1029 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 1030 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 1031 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 1032 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 1033 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1034 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time 1035 5:00 - AQTT 1036# Mangghystau 1037# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1038# so include time stamps before 1963. 1039Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1040 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T 1041 5:00 - FORT 1963 1042 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time 1043 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 1044 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 1045 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1046 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time 1047 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 1048 5:00 - AQTT 1049# West Kazakhstan 1050Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1051 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time 1052 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 1053 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 1054 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 1055 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 1056 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 1057 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1058 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time 1059 5:00 - ORAT 1060 1061# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1062# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks. 1063 1064# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1065# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1066# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml> 1067# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1068# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1069# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1070# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1071# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1072 1073# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1074Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1075Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1076Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1077Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1078# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1079Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1080 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 1081 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1082 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1083 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time 1084 6:00 - KGT 1085 1086############################################################################### 1087 1088# Korea (North and South) 1089 1090# From Guy Harris: 1091# According to someone at the Korean Times in San Francisco, 1092# Daylight Savings Time was not observed until 1987. He did not know 1093# at what time of day DST starts or ends. 1094 1095# From Shanks: 1096# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1097Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 1098Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1099Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun<=14 0:00 1:00 D 1100Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun<=14 0:00 0 S 1101 1102# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1103Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890 1104 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1105 9:00 - KST 1928 1106 8:30 - KST 1932 1107 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1108 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1109 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct 1110 9:00 ROK K%sT 1111Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890 1112 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1113 9:00 - KST 1928 1114 8:30 - KST 1932 1115 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1116 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10 1117 9:00 - KST 1118 1119############################################################################### 1120 1121# Kuwait 1122# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1123Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 1124 3:00 - AST 1125 1126# Laos 1127# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1128Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan 1129 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1130 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1131 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1132 7:00 - ICT 1133 1134# Lebanon 1135# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1136Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1137Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1138Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1139Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1140Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1141Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1142Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1143Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1144Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1145Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1146Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1147Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1148Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1149Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1150Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1151Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1152Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1153Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1154Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1155Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1156Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1157Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1158Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1159Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1160# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1161Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 1162 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 1163 1164# Malaysia 1165# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1166Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 1167Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 1168# 1169# peninsular Malaysia 1170# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1171# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 1172# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1173Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1174 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1175 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1176 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1177 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1178 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1179 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1180 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 1181 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 1182# Sabah & Sarawak 1183# From Paul Eggert (2003-11-01): 1184# The data here are mostly from Shanks, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982 1185# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1186# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1187Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 1188 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1189 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1190 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1191 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 1192 8:00 - MYT 1193 1194# Maldives 1195# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1196Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 1197 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 1198 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 1199 1200# Mongolia 1201 1202# Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones, but usno1995 and the CIA map 1203# Standard Time Zones of the World (1997-01) 1204# both say that it has just one. 1205 1206# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 1207# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm"> 1208# General Information Mongolia 1209# </a> (1999-09) 1210# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 1211# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 1212# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 1213# eight hours." 1214 1215# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 1216# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 1217# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 1218# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 1219# of implementation may have been different.... 1220# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 1221# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 1222# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij. 1223 1224# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 1225# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 1226# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 1227# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 1228# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 1229# is good enough for our purposes. 1230 1231# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 1232# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 1233# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 1234# there are three time zones. 1235# 1236# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 1237# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov, 1238# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi 1239# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar 1240# 1241# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 1242 1243# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 1244# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 1245# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 1246# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 1247# 1248# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 1249# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 1250# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 1251 1252# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 1253# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 1254# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 1255# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 1256# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that 1257# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 1258# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 1259# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 1260# He also found 1261# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&> 1262# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 1263# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 1264# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 1265# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 1266# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 1267# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 1268# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 1269 1270# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1271Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1272Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1273# IATA SSIM says 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, but Shanks (1995) lists 1274# them at 02:00s, and McDow says the 2001 switches also occurred at 02:00. 1275# Also, IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks through 1998. 1276Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1277Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1278# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 1279Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1280Rule Mongol 2001 max - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 1281Rule Mongol 2002 max - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1282 1283# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1284# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 1285Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 1286 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 1287 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 1288# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 1289Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 1290 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 1291 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 1292# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 1293# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 1294Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 1295 7:00 - ULAT 1978 1296 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 1297 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT # Choibalsan Time 1298 1299# Nepal 1300# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1301Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 1302 5:30 - IST 1986 1303 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 1304 1305# Oman 1306# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1307Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920 1308 4:00 - GST 1309 1310# Pakistan 1311 1312# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 1313# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 1314# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 1315# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 1316# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 1317# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 1318 1319# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 1320# Jesper Norgaard found this URL: 1321# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 1322# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 1323# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 1324# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 1325# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 1326# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 1327# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 1328# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 1329# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 1330 1331# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 1332# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 1333# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 1334 1335# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 1336# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 1337# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 1338# 1339# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 1340# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 1341# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 1342# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 1343# 1344# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 1345# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 1346 1347 1348# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1349Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S 1350Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - 1351# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1352Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 1353 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 1354 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 1355 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 1356 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 1357 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 1358 1359# Palestine 1360 1361# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 1362# 1363# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 1364# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 1365# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 1366# 1367# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 1368# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 1369# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 1370# though. 1371# 1372# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 1373# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 1374# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 1375# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 1376# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 1377# East Jerusalem. 1378# 1379# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 1380# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 1381# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 1382# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 1383# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 1384# 1385# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 1386# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 1387# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 1388# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 1389# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 1390# Jordanian one). 1391# 1392# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 1393# 1394# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 1395# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 1396# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 1397# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 1398# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 1399# 1400# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 1401# have one). 1402 1403# From Paul Eggert (1998-02-25): 1404# Shanks writes that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but we'll go 1405# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 1406# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 1407# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 1408# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 1409# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 1410# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 1411# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 1412# to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please 1413# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions. 1414 1415# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 1416# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 1417# 1418# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 1419# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 1420# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 1421# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 1422 1423# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 1424# Daoud Kuttab writes in 1425# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html"> 1426# Holiday havoc 1427# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 1428# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 1429# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 1430# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 1431# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 1432 1433# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1434# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1435 1436# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file. 1437# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1438Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1439Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1440Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1441Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 1442Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1443Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 1444 1445Rule Palestine 1999 max - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 1446Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1447Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1448Rule Palestine 2005 max - Oct 4 1:00 0 - 1449 1450# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1451Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 1452 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 1453 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 1454 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 1455 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 1456 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 1457 1458# Paracel Is 1459# no information 1460 1461# Philippines 1462# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the 1463# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 1464# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a 1465# transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>. 1466# The rest of this data is from Shanks. 1467# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1468Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 1469Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 1470Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 1471Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 1472Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 1473Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1474# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1475Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 1476 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 1477 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 1478 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 1479 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1480 1481# Qatar 1482# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1483Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 1484 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 1485 3:00 - AST 1486 1487# Saudi Arabia 1488# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1489Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950 1490 3:00 - AST 1491 1492# Singapore 1493# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1494# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 1495# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1496Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1497 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1498 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1499 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1500 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1501 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1502 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1503 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 1504 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 1505 8:00 - SGT 1506 1507# Spratly Is 1508# no information 1509 1510# Sri Lanka 1511# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 1512# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 1513# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24, 1514# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 1515# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 1516# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.'' 1517# 1518# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 1519# by Shamindra in 1520# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net"> 1521# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26) 1522# </a>: 1523# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 1524# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 1525 1526# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1527Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 1528 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 1529 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 1530 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 1531 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 1532 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 1533 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 1534 6:00 - LKT 1535 1536# Syria 1537# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1538Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1539Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 1540Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 1541Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1542Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 1543Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1544Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1545Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1546Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 1547Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1548Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 1549Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 1550Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 1551Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1552Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 1553Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 1554Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 1555Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 1556Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 1557Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1558Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 1559Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 1560Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 1561Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1562Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1563Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 1564Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1565Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 1566# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 1567# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 1568# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 1569# ignore all these claims and go with Shanks. 1570Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1571Rule Syria 1994 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1572Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 1573Rule Syria 1999 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1574# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1575Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 1576 2:00 Syria EE%sT 1577 1578# Tajikistan 1579# From Shanks. 1580# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1581Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1582 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time 1583 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1584 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 1585 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time 1586 1587# Thailand 1588# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1589Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 1590 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 1591 7:00 - ICT 1592 1593# Turkmenistan 1594# From Shanks. 1595# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1596Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 1597 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time 1598 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 1599 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence 1600 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1601 5:00 - TMT 1602 1603# United Arab Emirates 1604# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1605Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 1606 4:00 - GST 1607 1608# Uzbekistan 1609# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1610Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1611 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time 1612 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 1613 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 1614 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 # Tashkent Time 1615 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 1616 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 1617 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993 1618 5:00 - UZT 1619Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1620 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 1621 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1622 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 1623 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 1624 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993 1625 5:00 - UZT 1626 1627# Vietnam 1628# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 1629# Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh, but it's too long. 1630# We'll stick with the traditional name for now. 1631# From Shanks: 1632# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1633Zone Asia/Saigon 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 1634 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1635 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1636 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1637 7:00 - ICT 1638 1639# Yemen 1640# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1641Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950 1642 3:00 - AST 1643