1# <pre> 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This file also includes Pacific islands. 6 7# Notes are at the end of this file 8 9############################################################################### 10 11# Australia 12 13# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 14 15# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 16Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 17Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 18Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 20Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 21Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 22Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 23# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 24# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 25# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 26 27# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 28# Northern Territory 29Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 30 9:00 - CST 1899 May 31 9:30 Aus CST 32# Western Australia 33# 34# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 35Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 36Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 37Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 38Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 39Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 40Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 41Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 42Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 43Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 44Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 45 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 46 8:00 AW WST 47Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 48 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 49 8:45 AW CWST 50 51# Queensland 52# 53# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 54# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 55# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 56# Queensland ceased to. 57# 58# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 59# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 60# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 61# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 62# so use Lindeman. 63# 64# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 65Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 66Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 67Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 68Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 69Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 70Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 71Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 72 10:00 Aus EST 1971 73 10:00 AQ EST 74Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 75 10:00 Aus EST 1971 76 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 77 10:00 Holiday EST 78 79# South Australia 80# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 81Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 82Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 83Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 84Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 85Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 86Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 87Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - 88Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - 89Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - 90Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - 91Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 92Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - 93Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 96# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 98 9:00 - CST 1899 May 99 9:30 Aus CST 1971 100 9:30 AS CST 101 102# Tasmania 103# 104# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 105# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 106# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 107# 108# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 109Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 110Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 111Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 112Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 113Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 114Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 115Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 116Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 117Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 118Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 119Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 120Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 121Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 122Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 123Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 124Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 125Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 126Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 127Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 128# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 129Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 130 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 131 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 132 10:00 Aus EST 1967 133 10:00 AT EST 134Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 135 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 136 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 137 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 138 10:00 AT EST 139 140# Victoria 141# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 142Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 143Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 144Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 145Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 146Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 147Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 148Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 149Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 150Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 151Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 152Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 153Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 154Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 155Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 156# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 157Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 158 10:00 Aus EST 1971 159 10:00 AV EST 160 161# New South Wales 162# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 163Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 164Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 165Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 166Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 167Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 168Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 169Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 170Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 171Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 172Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 173Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 174Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 176Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 177Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 179# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 180Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 181 10:00 Aus EST 1971 182 10:00 AN EST 183Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 184 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 185 9:00 - CST 1899 May 186 9:30 Aus CST 1971 187 9:30 AN CST 2000 188 9:30 AS CST 189 190# Lord Howe Island 191# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 192Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 193Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 194Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 195Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 196Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 197Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 198Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 199Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 200Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 201Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 203Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 204Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 205Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 206Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 207 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 208 10:30 LH LHST 209 210# Australian miscellany 211# 212# Ashmore Is, Cartier 213# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 214# no times are set 215# 216# Coral Sea Is 217# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 218# no times are set 219# 220# Macquarie 221# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 222# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 223# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 224# <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828> 225# <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831>. 226# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 227# 228# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 229# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 230# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 231# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 232# on 4 April. 233# 234# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 235# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 236# will produce a binary file with an EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 237# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 238# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 239Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov 240 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 241 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 242 10:00 Aus EST 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 243 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25 244 10:00 Aus EST 1967 245 10:00 AT EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00 246 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time 247 248# Christmas 249# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 250Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 251 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 252 253# Cook Is 254# From Shanks & Pottenger: 255# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 256Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 257Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 258Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 259# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 260Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 261 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 262 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 263 264# Cocos 265# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 266# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 267# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 268Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 269 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 270 271# Fiji 272 273# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 274 275# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 276# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 277# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 278# 279# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 280# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 281# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 282# </a> 283# or 284# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 285# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 286# </a> 287 288# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 289# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 290# amendments: 291# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 292# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 293# </a> 294 295# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 296# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 297# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 298# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 299# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 300# 301# Official source: 302# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 303# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 304# </a> 305# 306# A bit more background info here: 307# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 308# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 309# </a> 310 311# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 312# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 313# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 314# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 315# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 316# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 317# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 318# </a> 319# or 320# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 321# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 322# </a> 323 324# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 325# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 326# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 327# 328# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 329# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 330# </a> 331# which says 332# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 333# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 334# 2am on February 26 next year. 335 336# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 337# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 338# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 339# 340# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 341# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 342# </a> 343# states: 344# 345# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 346# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 347# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 348# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 349 350# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 351# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 352# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 353# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 354# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 355# 356# From Paul Eggert (2012-08-31): 357# For now, guess a pattern of the penultimate Sundays in October and January. 358 359# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 360Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 361Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 362Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 363Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 364Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 S 365Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 366Rule Fiji 2012 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 367# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 368Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 369 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 370 371# French Polynesia 372# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 373Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 374 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 375Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 376 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 377Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 378 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 379# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 380# it is uninhabited. 381 382# Guam 383# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 384Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 385 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 386 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 387 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 388 389# Kiribati 390# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 391Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 392 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 393Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 394 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 395 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 396 13:00 - PHOT 397Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 398 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 399 -10:00 - LINT 1995 400 14:00 - LINT 401 402# N Mariana Is 403# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 404Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 405 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 406 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 407 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 408 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 409 410# Marshall Is 411# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 412Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 413 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 414 12:00 - MHT 415Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 416 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 417 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 418 12:00 - MHT 419 420# Micronesia 421# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 422Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 423 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 424Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 425 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 426Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 427 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 428 12:00 - KOST 1999 429 11:00 - KOST 430 431# Nauru 432# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 433Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 434 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 435 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 436 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 437 12:00 - NRT 438 439# New Caledonia 440# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 441Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 442Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 443Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 444# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 445Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 446# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 447Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 448 11:00 NC NC%sT 449 450 451############################################################################### 452 453# New Zealand 454 455# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 456Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 457Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 458Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 459Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 460Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 461Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 462Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 463# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 464# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 465Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 466Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 467Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 468Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 469Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 470Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 471Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 472Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 473Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 474Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 475Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 476Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 477Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 478Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 479Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 480Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 481Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 482Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 483# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 484Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 485 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 486 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 487Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 488 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 489 490 491# Auckland Is 492# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 493# and scientific personnel have wintered 494 495# Campbell I 496# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 497# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 498# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 499# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 500 501############################################################################### 502 503 504# Niue 505# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 506Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 507 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 508 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 509 -11:00 - NUT 510 511# Norfolk 512# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 513Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 514 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 515 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 516 517# Palau (Belau) 518# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 519Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 520 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 521 522# Papua New Guinea 523# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 524Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 525 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 526 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 527 528# Pitcairn 529# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 530Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 531 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 532 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 533 534# American Samoa 535Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 536 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 537 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 538 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 539 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 540 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 541 542# Samoa 543 544# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 545# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 546# the following info: 547# 548# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 549# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 550# Sunday of April 2011." 551# 552# Background info: 553# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 554# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 555# </a> 556# 557# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 558# contain any dates: 559# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 560# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 561# </a> 562 563# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 564# Please see 565# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 566# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 567# </a>, 568# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 569# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 570# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 571# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 572 573# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 574# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website 575# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 576# www.mcil.gov.ws 577# </a> 578# 579# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME 580# 581# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, 582# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight 583# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). 584# 585# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes 586# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, 587# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be 588# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 589# 590# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, 591# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 592 593# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09): 594# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 595# 596# <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963"> 597# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 598# </a> 599 600# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17): 601# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law 602# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she 603# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather 604# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But 605# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa 606# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13: 607# 608# International Date Line Bill 2011 609# 610# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make 611# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date 612# Line, and for related purposes. 613# 614# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament 615# assembled as follows: 616# 617# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the 618# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act 619# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3) 620# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State. 621# 622# [snip] 623# 624# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any 625# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the 626# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time. 627# 628# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa 629# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated 630# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's 631# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and 632# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to 633# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this 634# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that 635# it defines Samoa standard time.... 636 637# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 638# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html"> 639# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 640# </a> 641# 642# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 643# 644# DST 645# Year End Time Start Time 646# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 647# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 648# 649# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 650# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 651# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 652# 653# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03): 654# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 655# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on 656# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below. 657# 658# From Nicky (2012-09-10): 659# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 660# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013. 661# 662# Please find link below for more information. 663# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 664# 665# That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well 666# which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the 667# future, so for now, we will guess this will continue. 668 669# Western Samoa 670# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 671Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 672Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 673# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 674Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 675 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 676 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 677 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 678 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 679 -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00 680 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30 681 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00 682 13:00 WS WS%sT 683 684# Solomon Is 685# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 686# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 687Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 688 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 689 690# Tokelau Is 691# 692# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 693# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 694# December 31 this year ... 695# 696# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 697# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 698# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 699# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 700# actually was to UTC-11 back then. 701# 702# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 703# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 704# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 705# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 706# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 707# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 708 709# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 710Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 711 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 712 13:00 - TKT 713 714# Tonga 715# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 716Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 717Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 718Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 719Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 720# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 721Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 722 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 723 13:00 - TOT 1999 724 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 725 726# Tuvalu 727# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 728Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 729 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 730 731 732# US minor outlying islands 733 734# Howland, Baker 735# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 736# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 737# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 738# uninhabited thereafter. 739# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 740# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 741# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 742# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 743# until they were abandoned after the war. 744 745# Jarvis 746# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 747# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 748# uninhabited thereafter. 749# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 750 751# Johnston 752# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 753Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 754 755# Kingman 756# uninhabited 757 758# Midway 759# 760# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 761# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 762# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 763# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 764# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 765# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 766# designations that I've never seen before:.... 767# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 768# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 769# 770Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 771 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 772 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 773 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 774 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 775 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 776 777# Palmyra 778# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 779 780# Wake 781# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 782Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 783 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 784 785 786# Vanuatu 787# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 788Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 789Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 790Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 791Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 792Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 793Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 794# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 795Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 796 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 797 798# Wallis and Futuna 799# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 800Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 801 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 802 803############################################################################### 804 805# NOTES 806 807# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 808# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 809# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 810 811# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 812# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 813# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 814# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 815# 816# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 817# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 818# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 819# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 820# of the IATA's data after 1990. 821# 822# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 823# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 824# 825# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 826# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 827# I found in the UCLA library. 828# 829# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 830# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 831# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. 832# 833# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 834# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 835# 836# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 837# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 838# Corrections are welcome! 839# std dst 840# LMT Local Mean Time 841# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 842# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 843# 9:00 JST Japan 844# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 845# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 846# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 847# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 848# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 849# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 850# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 851# -11:00 SST Samoa 852# -10:00 HST Hawaii 853# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 854# 855# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 856# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 857 858############################################################################### 859 860# Australia 861 862# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 863# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 864# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 865# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 866 867# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 868# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 869# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 870# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 871 872# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 873# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 874# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 875# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 876# abbreviation does _not_ change... 877# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 878# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 879# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 880# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 881# time'. 882# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 883# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 884# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 885# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 886# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 887# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 888# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 889 890# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 891# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 892# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 893# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 894# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 895 896# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 897# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 898# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 899# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 900# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 901 902# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 903# versus "AEST" etc.: 904# 905# I see the following points of dispute: 906# 907# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 908# 909# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 910# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 911# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 912# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 913# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 914# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 915# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 916# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 917# 918# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 919# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 920# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 921# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 922# 923# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 924# 925# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 926# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 927# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 928# Time, for example. 929# 930# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 931# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 932# tiebreaker. 933# 934# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 935# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 936# the word "Australian"? 937# 938# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 939# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 940# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 941# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 942# following count of page hits: 943# 944# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 945# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 946# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 947# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 948# 949# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 950# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 951# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 952# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 953# 954# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 955# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 956# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 957# are the hit counts anyway: 958# 959# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 960# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 961# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 962# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 963# 964# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 965# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 966# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 967# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 968# 969# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 970# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 971# 972# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 973# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 974# the ambiguities involved. 975# 976# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 977# 978# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 979# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 980# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 981# understood in Australia. 982 983# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 984# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 985# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 986# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 987# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 988# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 989# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 990 991# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 992# 993# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 994# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 995# relevant entries in this database. 996# 997# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 998# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 999# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1000# </a> 1001# ACT 1002# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 1003# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1004# </a> 1005# SA 1006# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 1007# Standard Time Act, 1898 1008# </a> 1009 1010# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1011# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1012# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1013# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1014# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1015# 1016# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1017# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1018# to extend DST together in 2006. 1019# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1020# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1021# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1022# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1023# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1024# allude to it. 1025# But not Queensland 1026# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 1027 1028# Northern Territory 1029 1030# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1031# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1032# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1033# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1034# ... 1035# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1036 1037# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1038# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1039# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1040 1041# Western Australia 1042 1043# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1044# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1045# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1046# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1047# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1048# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1049# # before reaching parliament. 1050# ... 1051# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1052# ... 1053# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1054# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1055# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1056# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1057 1058# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1059# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1060# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1061 1062# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1063# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1064# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1065# work at 9.00am.) 1066# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1067# everybody again. 1068 1069# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1070# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1071# it matches what was used in the past. 1072 1073# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 1074# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1075# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1076# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1077 1078# Queensland 1079# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1080# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1081# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1082# ... 1083# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1084# ... 1085# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1086# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1087# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1088# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1089 1090# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1091# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1092# October 1989). 1093 1094# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1095# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1096# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1097# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1098 1099# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1100# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1101# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1102# me.) 1103 1104# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1105# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1106# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1107# ... 1108# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1109# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1110# ... 1111 1112# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1113# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1114 1115# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1116# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1117# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1118# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 1119 1120# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1121# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1122# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1123# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1124# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1125# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1126# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1127# Australia and Western Australia.... 1128# 1129# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1130# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1131# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1132# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 1133# 1134# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1135# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1136# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1137# coast of the continent. 1138# 1139# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1140# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1141# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1142# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1143# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1144# 1145# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1146# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1147# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1148# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1149# 1150# (2006-12-09): 1151# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1152# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1153# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1154# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1155 1156# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1157# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1158# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1159 1160 1161# southeast Australia 1162# 1163# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1164# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1165# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1166# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1167 1168 1169# South Australia 1170 1171# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1172# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1173# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1174# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1175 1176# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1177# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1178# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1179# ... 1180# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1181# ... 1182# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1183# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1184# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1185# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1186 1187# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1188# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1189# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1190# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1191 1192# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1193# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1194# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1195# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1196# is on... 1197 1198# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1199# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1200# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1201# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1202 1203# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1204# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1205# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1206# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1207 1208# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1209# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1210# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1211# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1212 1213# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1214# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1215 1216# Tasmania 1217 1218# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1219# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1220# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1221# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1222 1223# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1224# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1225# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1226# (but nothing new about that). 1227 1228# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1229# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1230# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1231# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1232# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1233# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1234 1235# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1236# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1237 1238# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1239# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1240 1241# Victoria 1242 1243# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1244# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1245# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1246# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1247 1248# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1249# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1250# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1251# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1252# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1253# in Melbourne, Australia. 1254# 1255# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1256# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1257# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1258# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1259# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1260# expected time. 1261# 1262# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1263# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1264# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1265# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1266# 1267# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1268# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1269 1270# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1271# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1272 1273# New South Wales 1274 1275# From Arthur David Olson: 1276# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1277# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1278# who notes: 1279# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1280# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1281# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1282# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1283# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1284# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1285 1286# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1287# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1288# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1289# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1290# Two months more daylight saving 1291# </a> 1292# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1293 1294# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1295# See the following official NSW source: 1296# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1297# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1298# </a> 1299# 1300# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1301# daylight saving next year. See: 1302# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1303# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1304# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1305# 1306# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1307# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1308# Vic to extend daylight saving 1309# </a> (1999-07-28). 1310# 1311# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1312# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1313# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1314# </a> (1999-07-19). 1315# 1316# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1317# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1318# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1319# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1320# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1321# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1322# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1323# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1324# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1325# 1326# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1327# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1328# Broken Hill to be behind the times 1329# </a> (1999-07-21). 1330 1331# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1332# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1333# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1334 1335# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1336# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1337# towns to use Queensland time. 1338 1339# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1340# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1341 1342# Yancowinna 1343 1344# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1345# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1346 1347# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1348# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1349# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1350# ... 1351# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1352# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1353# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1354# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1355# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1356# # presently available. 1357# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1358# ... 1359# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1360# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1361# [followed by other Rules] 1362 1363# Lord Howe Island 1364 1365# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1366# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1367# [ Dec 1990 ] 1368# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1369# hour ahead of NSW time. 1370 1371# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1372# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1373# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1374# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1375# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1376# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1377# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1378# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1379# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1380# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1381 1382# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1383# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1384# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1385# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1386# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1387# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1388 1389# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1390# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1391# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1392 1393# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1394# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1395 1396# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1397# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1398# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1399# summer (southern hemisphere). 1400# 1401# From 1402# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1403# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1404# </a> 1405# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1406# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1407# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1408# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1409# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1410# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1411# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1412# 1413# We have a wrap-up here: 1414# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1415# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1416# </a> 1417############################################################################### 1418 1419# New Zealand 1420 1421# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1422# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1423# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1424# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1425# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1426 1427# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1428# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1429# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1430# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1431# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1432# ... 1433# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1434# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1435# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1436# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1437# ... 1438# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1439# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1440 1441# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1442# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1443# rather than the October 1 value. 1444 1445# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1446# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1447# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1448# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1449# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1450# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1451# 1452# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1453# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1454# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1455# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1456# 1457# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1458# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1459# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1460 1461# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1462# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1463# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1464# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1465# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1466 1467############################################################################### 1468 1469 1470# Fiji 1471 1472# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1473# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1474# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1475 1476# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1477# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1478# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1479# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1480 1481# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1482# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1483 1484# From the BBC World Service in 1485# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1486# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1487# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1488# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1489# of the new millennium. 1490 1491# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1492# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1493 1494# Johnston 1495 1496# Johnston data is from usno1995. 1497 1498 1499# Kiribati 1500 1501# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1502# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1503# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1504# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1505 1506 1507# Kwajalein 1508 1509# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1510# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1511# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1512# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1513# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1514 1515 1516# N Mariana Is, Guam 1517 1518# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1519# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1520# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1521# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1522# see Asia/Manila. 1523 1524# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1525# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1526# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1527# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1528 1529 1530# Micronesia 1531 1532# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1533# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1534# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1535# 1536# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1537# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1538 1539# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1540# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1541# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1542# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1543# </a> (1999-01-26) 1544# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1545# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1546 1547 1548# Midway 1549 1550# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1551# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1552# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1553# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1554# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1555# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1556# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1557# air at 6am your time. 1558# 1559# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1560# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1561# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1562# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1563 1564 1565# Pitcairn 1566 1567# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1568# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1569# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1570# 1571# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1572# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1573# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1574# 1575# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1576# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1577# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1578 1579# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1580# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1581# ... at midnight. 1582 1583# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1584# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1585# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1586# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1587 1588 1589# Samoa 1590 1591# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1592# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1593# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1594# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1595# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1596 1597 1598# Tonga 1599 1600# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1601# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1602# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1603# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1604 1605# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1606# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1607# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1608# </a>: 1609 1610# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1611# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1612# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1613# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1614# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1615# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1616# 1617# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1618# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1619# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1620# 1621# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1622# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1623# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1624# minutes we have lost?" 1625# 1626# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1627# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1628# to say your prayers in the morning." 1629 1630# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1631# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1632 1633# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1634# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1635# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1636# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1637# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1638# Government. 1639 1640# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1641# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1642# 1643# I was given this link by John Letts: 1644# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1645# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1646# </a> 1647# 1648# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1649# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1650# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1651# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1652 1653# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1654# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1655# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1656# </a>: 1657# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1658# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1659# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1660# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1661# set back an hour on the closing date." 1662# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1663 1664# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1665# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1666# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1667 1668# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1669# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1670# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1671# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1672# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1673# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1674# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1675 1676# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1677# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1678 1679# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1680# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1681# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1682# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1683# hour to 1:00am. 1684 1685# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1686# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1687 1688 1689# Wake 1690 1691# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1692# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1693# 1694# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1695# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1696# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1697# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1698# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1699# impossible. 1700# 1701# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1702 1703# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1704# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1705 1706############################################################################### 1707 1708# The International Date Line 1709 1710# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1711# 1712# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1713# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1714# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1715# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1716# 1717# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1718# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1719# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1720# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1721# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1722# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1723# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1724# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1725# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1726# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1727# correct date is ambiguous. 1728 1729# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1730# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1731# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1732# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1733# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1734# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1735# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1736# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1737# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1738# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1739# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1740# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1741# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1742 1743# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1744# (2005-03-20): 1745# 1746# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1747# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1748# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1749# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1750