1# @(#)australasia 7.71 2# This file also includes Pacific islands. 3 4# Notes are at the end of this file 5 6############################################################################### 7 8# Australia 9 10# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 11 12# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 13Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 14Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 15Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 16Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 17Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 18Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 19Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 20# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 21# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 22# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 23 24# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 25# Northern Territory 26Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 27 9:00 - CST 1899 May 28 9:30 Aus CST 29# Western Australia 30Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 31 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 32 8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s 33 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 34 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s 35 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 36 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s 37 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 38 8:00 - WST 39# Queensland 40# 41# From Alex Livingston <alex@agsm.unsw.edu.au> (1996-11-01): 42# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 43# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 44# Queensland ceased to. 45# 46# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 47# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 48# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 49# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 50# so use Lindeman. 51# 52# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 53Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 54Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 55Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 56Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 57Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 58Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 59Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 60 10:00 Aus EST 1971 61 10:00 AQ EST 62Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 63 10:00 Aus EST 1971 64 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 65 10:00 Holiday EST 66 67# South Australia 68# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 69Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 70Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 71Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 72Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 73Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 74Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 75Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 76Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 77Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 78Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 79Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 80Rule AS 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 81# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 82Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 83 9:00 - CST 1899 May 84 9:30 Aus CST 1971 85 9:30 AS CST 86 87# Tasmania 88# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 89Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 90Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 91Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 92Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 93Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 96Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 97Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 98Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 99Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 100Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 101Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 102Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 103Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 104Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 105# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 106Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 107 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 108 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 109 10:00 Aus EST 1967 110 10:00 AT EST 111 112# Victoria 113# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 114Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 115Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 116Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 117Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 118Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 119Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 120Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 121Rule AV 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 122Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 123Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 124# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 125Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 126 10:00 Aus EST 1971 127 10:00 AV EST 128 129# New South Wales 130# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 131Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 132Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 133Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 134Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 135Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 136Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 137Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 138Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 139Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 140Rule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 141Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 142Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 143# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 144Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 145 10:00 Aus EST 1971 146 10:00 AN EST 147Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 148 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 149 9:00 - CST 1899 May 150 9:30 Aus CST 1971 151 9:30 AN CST 2000 152 9:30 AS CST 153 154# Lord Howe Island 155# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 156Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 157Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 158Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 159Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 160Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 161Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 162Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 163Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 164Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 165Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 166Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 167 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 168 10:30 LH LHST 169 170# Australian miscellany 171# 172# Ashmore Is, Cartier 173# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 174# like Australia/Perth, says Turner 175# 176# Coral Sea Is 177# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 178# no information 179# 180# Macquarie 181# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 182# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 183# like Australia/Hobart, says Turner 184 185# Christmas 186# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 187Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 188 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 189 190# Cook Is 191# From Shanks: 192# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 193Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 194Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 195Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 196# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 197Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 198 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 199 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 200 201# Cocos 202# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 203# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 204# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 205Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 206 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 207 208# Fiji 209# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 210Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 211Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 212# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 213Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 214 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 215 216# French Polynesia 217# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 218Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 219 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 220Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 221 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 222Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 223 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 224# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 225# it is uninhabited. 226 227# Guam 228# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 229Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 230 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 231 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 232 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 233 234# Kiribati 235# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 236Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 237 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 238Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 239 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 240 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 241 13:00 - PHOT 242Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 243 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 244 -10:00 - LINT 1995 245 14:00 - LINT 246 247# N Mariana Is 248# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 249Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 250 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 251 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 252 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 253 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 254 255# Marshall Is 256# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 257Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 258 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 259 12:00 - MHT 260Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 261 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 262 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 263 12:00 - MHT 264 265# Micronesia 266# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 267Zone Pacific/Yap 9:12:32 - LMT 1901 # Colonia 268 9:00 - YAPT 1969 Oct # Yap Time 269 10:00 - YAPT 270Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 271 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 272Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 273 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 274Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 275 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 276 12:00 - KOST 1999 277 11:00 - KOST 278 279# Nauru 280# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 281Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 282 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 283 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 284 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 285 12:00 - NRT 286 287# New Caledonia 288# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 289Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 290Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 291Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 292# Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 293Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 294# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 295Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 296 11:00 NC NC%sT 297 298 299############################################################################### 300 301# New Zealand 302 303# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 304Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 305Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 306Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 307Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 308Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 309Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 310Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 311# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 312# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 313Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 314Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 315Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 316Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 317Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 318Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 319Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 320Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 321Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 322Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 323Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 324Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 325Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 326Rule Chatham 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 327# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 328Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 329 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 330 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 331Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 332 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 333 334 335# Auckland Is 336# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 337# and scientific personnel have wintered 338 339# Campbell I 340# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 341# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 342# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 343# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 344 345############################################################################### 346 347 348# Niue 349# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 350Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 351 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 352 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 353 -11:00 - NUT 354 355# Norfolk 356# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 357Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 358 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 359 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 360 361# Palau (Belau) 362# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 363Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 364 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 365 366# Papua New Guinea 367# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 368Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 369 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 370 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 371 372# Pitcairn 373# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 374Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 375 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 376 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 377 378# American Samoa 379Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 380 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 381 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 382 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 383 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 384 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 385 386# Samoa 387Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 388 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 389 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 390 -11:00 - WST # Samoa Time 391 392# Solomon Is 393# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 394# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 395Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 396 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 397 398# Tokelau Is 399# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 400Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 401 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 402 403# Tonga 404# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 405Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 406Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 407Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 408Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 409# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 410Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 411 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 412 13:00 - TOT 1999 413 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 414 415# Tuvalu 416# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 417Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 418 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 419 420 421# US minor outlying islands 422 423# Howland, Baker 424# uninhabited since World War II 425# no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago 426 427# Jarvis 428# uninhabited since 1958 429# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 430 431# Johnston 432# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 433Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 434 435# Kingman 436# uninhabited 437 438# Midway 439# 440# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 441# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 442# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 443# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 444# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 445# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 446# designations that I've never seen before:.... 447# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 448# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 449# 450Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 451 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 452 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 453 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 454 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 455 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 456 457# Palmyra 458# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 459 460# Wake 461# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 462Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 463 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 464 465 466# Vanuatu 467# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 468Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 469Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 470Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 471Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 472Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 473Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 474# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 475Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 476 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 477 478# Wallis and Futuna 479# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 480Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 481 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 482 483############################################################################### 484 485# NOTES 486 487# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 488# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 489# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 490 491# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 492# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 493# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 494# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 495# 496# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 497# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 498# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 499# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 500# of the IATA's data after 1990. 501# 502# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, 503# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 504# 505# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 506# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 507# I found in the UCLA library. 508# 509# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 510# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 511# 512# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 513# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 514# Corrections are welcome! 515# std dst 516# LMT Local Mean Time 517# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 518# 9:00 JST Japan 519# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 520# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 521# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 522# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 523# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 524# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 525# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 526# -11:00 SST Samoa 527# -10:00 HST Hawaii 528# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 529# 530# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 531# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 532 533############################################################################### 534 535# Australia 536 537# <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html"> 538# Australia's Daylight Saving Times 539# </a>, by Margaret Turner, summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 540 541# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 542# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 543# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 544# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 545# abbreviation does _not_ change... 546# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 547# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 548# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 549# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 550# time'. 551# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 552# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 553# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 554# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 555# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 556# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 557# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 558 559# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 560# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 561# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 562# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 563# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 564 565# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 566# versus "AEST" etc.: 567# 568# I see the following points of dispute: 569# 570# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 571# 572# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 573# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 574# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 575# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 576# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 577# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 578# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 579# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 580# 581# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 582# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 583# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 584# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 585# 586# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 587# 588# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 589# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 590# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 591# Time, for example. 592# 593# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 594# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 595# tiebreaker. 596# 597# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 598# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 599# the word "Australian"? 600# 601# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 602# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 603# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 604# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 605# following count of page hits: 606# 607# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 608# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 609# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 610# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 611# 612# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 613# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 614# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 615# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 616# 617# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 618# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 619# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 620# are the hit counts anyway: 621# 622# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 623# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 624# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 625# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 626# 627# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 628# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 629# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 630# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 631# 632# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 633# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 634# 635# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 636# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 637# the ambiguities involved. 638# 639# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 640# 641# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 642# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 643# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 644# understood in Australia. 645 646# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 647# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 648# Mark Prior <mrp@itd.adelaide.edu.au> writes that his newspaper 649# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 650# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 651# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 652# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 653 654# From Eric Ulevik <eau@zip.com.au> (1998-01-05): 655# 656# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 657# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 658# relevant entries in this database. 659# 660# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 661# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 662# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 663# </a> 664# ACT 665# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 666# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 667# </a> 668# SA 669# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 670# Standard Time Act, 1898 671# </a> 672 673# Northern Territory 674 675# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 676# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 677# # [ Nov 1990 ] 678# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 679# ... 680# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 681 682# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 683# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 684# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 685 686# Western Australia 687 688# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 689# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 690# # [ Nov 1990 ] 691# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 692# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 693# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 694# # before reaching parliament. 695# ... 696# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 697# ... 698# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 699# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 700# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 701# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 702 703# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 704# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 705# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 706 707# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 708# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 709# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 710# work at 9.00am.) 711# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 712# everybody again. 713 714# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 715# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 716# it matches what was used in the past. 717 718# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 719# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 720# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 721# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 722 723# Queensland 724# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 725# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 726# # [ Dec 1990 ] 727# ... 728# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 729# ... 730# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 731# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 732# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 733# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 734 735# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 736# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 737# October 1989). 738 739# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 740# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 741# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 742# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 743 744# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 745# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 746# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 747# me.) 748 749# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 750# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 751# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 752# ... 753# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 754# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 755# ... 756 757# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 758# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 759 760# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 761# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 762# southern coast of Australia, population 10 at last report, along with 763# 50,000 sheep, about 100 kilometers long and 40 kilometers into the 764# continent. The primary town is Madura, with the other towns being 765# Mundrabilla and Eucla. According to the sheriff of Madura, the 766# residents got tired of having to change the time so often, as they are 767# located in a strip overlapping the border of South Australia and Western 768# Australia. South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 769# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 770# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 771# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 772# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 773# Australia and Western Australia. As it only affects about 10 people and 774# tourists staying at the Madura Motel, it has never really made as big an 775# impact as Broken Hill. However, as tourist visiting there or anyone 776# calling the local sheriff will attest, they do keep time in this way. 777# 778# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 779# This is confirmed by the section entitled 780# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 781# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>, 782# which says a few other things: 783# 784# * Border Village, SA also is 45 minutes ahead of Perth. 785# * The locals call this time zone "central W.A. Time" (presumably "CWAT"). 786# * The locals also call Western Australia time "Perth time". 787# 788# It's not clear from context whether everyone in Western Australia 789# knows of this naming convention, or whether it's just the people in 790# this subregion. 791 792# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria 793 794# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 795# The rules from version 7.1 follow. 796# There are lots of differences between these rules and 797# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules 798# and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on 799# current DST ending dates, no worries. 800# 801# Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 802# Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 - 803# Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 - 804# Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 805# Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 - 806# Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST 807# Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST 808# Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00 809# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00 810# 10:00 Oz EST 811 812# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 813# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct... 814# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the 815# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states 816# that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic). 817# The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think 818# that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain. 819 820# South Australia 821 822# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 823# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 824# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 825# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 826 827# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 828# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 829# # [ Nov 1990 ] 830# ... 831# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 832# ... 833# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 834# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 835# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C 836# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 837 838# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 839# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 840# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 841# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 842 843# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 844# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 845# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 846# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 847# is on... 848 849# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 850# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 851# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 852# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 853 854# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 855# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 856# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 857# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 858 859# From John Warburton <jwarb@SACBH.com.au> (1994-10-07): 860# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 861# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 862# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 863 864# Tasmania 865 866# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 867# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 868# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 869# # [ Nov 1990 ] 870 871# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 872# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 873# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 874# (but nothing new about that). 875 876# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 877# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 878# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 879# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 880# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 881# instead of the first Sunday in October. 882 883# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 884# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 885 886# Victoria 887 888# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 889# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 890# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 891# # [ Nov 1990 ] 892 893# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 894# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 895# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 896# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 897# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 898# in Melbourne, Australia. 899# 900# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 901# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 902# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 903# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 904# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 905# expected time. 906# 907# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 908# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 909# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 910# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 911# 912# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 913# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 914 915# New South Wales 916 917# From Arthur David Olson: 918# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 919# Based on law library research by John Mackin (john@basser.cs.su.oz), 920# who notes: 921# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 922# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 923# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 924# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 925# legislation. This is very important to understand. 926# I have researched New South Wales time only... 927 928# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 929# The Information Service of the Australian National Standards Commission 930# <a href="http://www.nsc.gov.au/InfoServ/Ileaflet/il27.htm"> 931# Daylight Saving 932# </a> page (1995-04) has an excellent overall history of Australian DST. 933# The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's Department 934# publishes a history of daylight saving in NSW. See: 935# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2"> 936# Lawlink NSW: Daylight Saving in New South Wales 937# </a> 938 939# From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1999-05-26): 940# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 941# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 942# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 943# Two months more daylight saving 944# </a> 945# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 946 947# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 948# See the following official NSW source: 949# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 950# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 951# </a> 952# 953# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 954# daylight saving next year. See: 955# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 956# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 957# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 958# 959# Victoria will following NSW. See: 960# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 961# Vic to extend daylight saving 962# </a> (1999-07-28). 963# 964# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 965# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 966# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 967# </a> (1999-07-19). 968# 969# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 970# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 971# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 972# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 973# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 974# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 975# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 976# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 977# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 978# 979# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 980# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 981# Broken Hill to be behind the times 982# </a> (1999-07-21). 983 984# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 985# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 986# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 987 988# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 989# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 990# towns to use Queensland time. 991 992# Yancowinna 993 994# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 995# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 996 997# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 998# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 999# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1000# ... 1001# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1002# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1003# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1004# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1005# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1006# # presently available. 1007# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1008# ... 1009# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1010# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1011# [followed by other Rules] 1012 1013# Lord Howe Island 1014 1015# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1016# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ] 1017# [ Dec 1990 ] 1018# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1019# hour ahead of NSW time. 1020 1021# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1022# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1023# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1024# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1025# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1026# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1027# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 1028# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1029# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1030# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1031 1032# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1033# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1034# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1035# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1036# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1037# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1038 1039# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-09): 1040# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter. 1041# For times we use Lonergan. 1042 1043############################################################################### 1044 1045# New Zealand 1046 1047# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1048# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1049# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1050# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1051# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1052 1053# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1054# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1055# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1056# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1057# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1058# ... 1059# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1060# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1061# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1062# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1063# ... 1064# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1065# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1066 1067# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1068# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1069# rather than the October 1 value. 1070 1071# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1072# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. 1073# Robert Uzgalis <buz@cs.aukuni.ac.nz> writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1074# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1075# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1076# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1077# 1078# From Paul Eggert (2003-05-26): 1079# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1080# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1081# Use these sources in preference to Shanks. 1082# 1083# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1084# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1085# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1086 1087############################################################################### 1088 1089 1090# Fiji 1091 1092# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1093# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1094# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1095 1096# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1097# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1098# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1099# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1100 1101# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1102# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1103 1104# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1105# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1106# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1107# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1108# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1109# millenium. 1110 1111# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1112# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1113 1114# Johnston 1115 1116# Johnston data is from usno1995. 1117 1118 1119# Kiribati 1120 1121# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1122# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1123# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1124# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1125 1126 1127# Kwajalein 1128 1129# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1130# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1131# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1132# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1133# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1134 1135 1136# N Mariana Is, Guam 1137 1138# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1139# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1140# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1141# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1142# see Asia/Manila. 1143 1144# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1145# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1146# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1147# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1148 1149 1150# Micronesia 1151 1152# Alan Eugene Davis <adavis@kuentos.guam.net> writes (1996-03-16), 1153# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1154# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1155# 1156# Shanks writes that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 on 1978-10-01; 1157# ignore this for now. 1158 1159# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1160# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1161# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1162# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1163# </a> (1999-01-26) 1164# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1165# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1166 1167 1168# Midway 1169 1170# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1171# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1172# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1173# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1174# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1175# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1176# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1177# air at 6am your time. 1178# 1179# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1180# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1181# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1182# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1183 1184 1185# Pitcairn 1186 1187# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1188# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1189# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1190# 1191# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1192# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1193# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1194# 1195# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1196# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1197# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1198 1199# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1200# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1201# ... at midnight. 1202 1203# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1204# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1205# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1206# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1207 1208 1209# Samoa 1210 1211# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1212# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1213# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1214# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1215# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1216 1217 1218# Tonga 1219 1220# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1221# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1222# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1223# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1224 1225# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1226# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1227# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1228# </a>: 1229 1230# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1231# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1232# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1233# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1234# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1235# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1236# 1237# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1238# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1239# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1240# 1241# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1242# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1243# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1244# minutes we have lost?" 1245# 1246# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1247# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1248# to say your prayers in the morning." 1249 1250# From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12): 1251# Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1252 1253# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1254# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1255# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1256# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1257# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1258# Government. 1259 1260# From Steffen Thorsen [straen@thorsen.priv.no] (1999-09-09): 1261# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1262# 1263# I was given this link by John Letts <johnletts@earthlink.net>: 1264# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1265# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1266# </a> 1267# 1268# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1269# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1270# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1271# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1272 1273# From Arthur David Olson [arthur_david_olson@nih.gov] (1999-09-20): 1274# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html> 1275# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1276# </a>: 1277# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1278# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1279# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1280# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1281# set back an hour on the closing date." 1282# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1283 1284# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1285# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1286# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1287 1288# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1289# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1290# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1291# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1292# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1293# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1294# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1295 1296# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1297# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1298 1299# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1300# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1301# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1302# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1303# hour to 1:00am. 1304 1305# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1306# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1307 1308 1309# Wake 1310 1311# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1312# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1313# 1314# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1315# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1316# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1317# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1318# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1319# impossible. 1320# 1321# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1322 1323# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1324# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1325 1326############################################################################### 1327 1328# The International Date Line 1329 1330# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1331# 1332# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1333# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1334# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1335# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1336# 1337# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1338# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1339# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1340# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1341# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1342# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1343# convention, but are not legally binding national borders. 1344# 1345# An Anglo-French Conference on Time-Keeping at Sea (June, 1917) agreed that 1346# legal time on the high seas would be zone time, i.e., the standard time at 1347# the nearest meridian that is a multiple of fifteen degrees. The date is 1348# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1349# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1350# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1351# correct date is ambiguous. 1352 1353# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1354# (2005-03-20): 1355# 1356# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1357# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1358# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1359# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1360