1# @(#)australasia 8.5 2# <pre> 3 4# This file also includes Pacific islands. 5 6# Notes are at the end of this file 7 8############################################################################### 9 10# Australia 11 12# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 13 14# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 16Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 17Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 18Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 20Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 21Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 22# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 23# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 24# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 25 26# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 27# Northern Territory 28Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 29 9:00 - CST 1899 May 30 9:30 Aus CST 31# Western Australia 32# 33# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 35Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 36Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 37Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 38Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 39Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 40Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 41Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 42Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 43Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 44 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 45 8:00 AW WST 46Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 47 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 48 8:45 AW CWST 49 50# Queensland 51# 52# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 53# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 54# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 55# Queensland ceased to. 56# 57# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 58# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 59# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 60# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 61# so use Lindeman. 62# 63# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 64Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 65Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 66Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 67Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 68Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 69Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 70Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 71 10:00 Aus EST 1971 72 10:00 AQ EST 73Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 74 10:00 Aus EST 1971 75 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 76 10:00 Holiday EST 77 78# South Australia 79# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 80Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 81Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 82Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 83Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 84Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 85Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 86Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 87Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 88Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 89Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 90Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 91Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 92Rule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 93Rule AS 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 95Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 96 9:00 - CST 1899 May 97 9:30 Aus CST 1971 98 9:30 AS CST 99 100# Tasmania 101# 102# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 103# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 104# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 105# 106# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 107Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 108Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 109Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 110Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 111Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 112Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 113Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 114Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 115Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 116Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 117Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 118Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 119Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 120Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 121Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 122Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 123Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 124Rule AT 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 125# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 126Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 127 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 128 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 129 10:00 Aus EST 1967 130 10:00 AT EST 131Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 132 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 133 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 134 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 135 10:00 AT EST 136 137# Victoria 138# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 139Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 140Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 141Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 142Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 143Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 144Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 145Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 146Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 147Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 148Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 149Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 150Rule AV 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 151# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 152Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 153 10:00 Aus EST 1971 154 10:00 AV EST 155 156# New South Wales 157# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 158Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 159Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 160Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 161Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 162Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 163Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 164Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 165Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 166Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 167Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 168Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 169Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 170Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 171Rule AN 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 172# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 173Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 174 10:00 Aus EST 1971 175 10:00 AN EST 176Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 177 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 178 9:00 - CST 1899 May 179 9:30 Aus CST 1971 180 9:30 AN CST 2000 181 9:30 AS CST 182 183# Lord Howe Island 184# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 185Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 186Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 187Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 188Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 189Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 190Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 191Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 192Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 193Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 194Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 195Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 196Rule LH 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 197Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 198 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 199 10:30 LH LHST 200 201# Australian miscellany 202# 203# Ashmore Is, Cartier 204# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 205# no times are set 206# 207# Coral Sea Is 208# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 209# no times are set 210# 211# Macquarie 212# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 213# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 214# like Australia/Hobart 215 216# Christmas 217# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 218Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 219 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 220 221# Cook Is 222# From Shanks & Pottenger: 223# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 224Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 225Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 226Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 227# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 228Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 229 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 230 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 231 232# Cocos 233# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 234# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 235# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 236Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 237 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 238 239# Fiji 240# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 241Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 242Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 243# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 244Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 245 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 246 247# French Polynesia 248# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 249Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 250 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 251Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 252 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 253Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 254 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 255# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 256# it is uninhabited. 257 258# Guam 259# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 260Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 261 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 262 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 263 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 264 265# Kiribati 266# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 267Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 268 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 269Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 270 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 271 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 272 13:00 - PHOT 273Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 274 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 275 -10:00 - LINT 1995 276 14:00 - LINT 277 278# N Mariana Is 279# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 280Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 281 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 282 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 283 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 284 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 285 286# Marshall Is 287# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 288Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 289 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 290 12:00 - MHT 291Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 292 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 293 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 294 12:00 - MHT 295 296# Micronesia 297# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 298Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 299 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 300Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 301 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 302Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 303 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 304 12:00 - KOST 1999 305 11:00 - KOST 306 307# Nauru 308# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 309Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 310 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 311 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 312 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 313 12:00 - NRT 314 315# New Caledonia 316# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 317Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 318Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 319Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 320# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 321Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 322# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 323Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 324 11:00 NC NC%sT 325 326 327############################################################################### 328 329# New Zealand 330 331# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 332Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 333Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 334Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 335Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 336Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 337Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 338Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 339# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 340# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 341Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 342Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 343Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 344Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 345Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 346Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 347Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 348Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 349Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 350Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 351Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 352Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 353Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 354Rule Chatham 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 355# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 356Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 357 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 358 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 359Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 360 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 361 362 363# Auckland Is 364# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 365# and scientific personnel have wintered 366 367# Campbell I 368# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 369# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 370# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 371# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 372 373############################################################################### 374 375 376# Niue 377# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 378Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 379 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 380 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 381 -11:00 - NUT 382 383# Norfolk 384# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 385Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 386 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 387 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 388 389# Palau (Belau) 390# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 391Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 392 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 393 394# Papua New Guinea 395# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 396Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 397 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 398 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 399 400# Pitcairn 401# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 402Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 403 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 404 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 405 406# American Samoa 407Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 408 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 409 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 410 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 411 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 412 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 413 414# Samoa 415Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 416 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 417 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 418 -11:00 - WST # Samoa Time 419 420# Solomon Is 421# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 422# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 423Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 424 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 425 426# Tokelau Is 427# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 428Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 429 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 430 431# Tonga 432# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 433Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 434Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 435Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 436Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 437# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 438Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 439 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 440 13:00 - TOT 1999 441 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 442 443# Tuvalu 444# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 445Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 446 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 447 448 449# US minor outlying islands 450 451# Howland, Baker 452# uninhabited since World War II 453# no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago 454 455# Jarvis 456# uninhabited since 1958 457# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 458 459# Johnston 460# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 461Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 462 463# Kingman 464# uninhabited 465 466# Midway 467# 468# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 469# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 470# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 471# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 472# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 473# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 474# designations that I've never seen before:.... 475# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 476# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 477# 478Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 479 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 480 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 481 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 482 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 483 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 484 485# Palmyra 486# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 487 488# Wake 489# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 490Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 491 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 492 493 494# Vanuatu 495# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 496Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 497Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 498Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 499Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 500Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 501Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 502# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 503Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 504 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 505 506# Wallis and Futuna 507# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 508Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 509 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 510 511############################################################################### 512 513# NOTES 514 515# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 516# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 517# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 518 519# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 520# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 521# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 522# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 523# 524# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 525# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 526# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 527# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 528# of the IATA's data after 1990. 529# 530# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 531# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 532# 533# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 534# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 535# I found in the UCLA library. 536# 537# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 538# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 539# 540# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 541# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 542# Corrections are welcome! 543# std dst 544# LMT Local Mean Time 545# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 546# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 547# 9:00 JST Japan 548# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 549# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 550# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 551# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 552# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 553# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 554# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 555# -11:00 SST Samoa 556# -10:00 HST Hawaii 557# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 558# 559# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 560# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 561 562############################################################################### 563 564# Australia 565 566# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 567# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 568# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 569# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 570 571# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 572# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 573# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 574# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 575 576# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 577# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 578# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 579# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 580# abbreviation does _not_ change... 581# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 582# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 583# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 584# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 585# time'. 586# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 587# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 588# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 589# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 590# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 591# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 592# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 593 594# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 595# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 596# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 597# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 598# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 599 600# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 601# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 602# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 603# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 604# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 605 606# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 607# versus "AEST" etc.: 608# 609# I see the following points of dispute: 610# 611# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 612# 613# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 614# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 615# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 616# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 617# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 618# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 619# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 620# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 621# 622# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 623# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 624# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 625# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 626# 627# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 628# 629# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 630# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 631# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 632# Time, for example. 633# 634# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 635# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 636# tiebreaker. 637# 638# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 639# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 640# the word "Australian"? 641# 642# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 643# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 644# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 645# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 646# following count of page hits: 647# 648# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 649# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 650# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 651# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 652# 653# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 654# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 655# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 656# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 657# 658# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 659# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 660# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 661# are the hit counts anyway: 662# 663# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 664# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 665# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 666# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 667# 668# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 669# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 670# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 671# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 672# 673# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 674# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 675# 676# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 677# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 678# the ambiguities involved. 679# 680# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 681# 682# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 683# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 684# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 685# understood in Australia. 686 687# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 688# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 689# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 690# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 691# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 692# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 693# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 694 695# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 696# 697# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 698# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 699# relevant entries in this database. 700# 701# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 702# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 703# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 704# </a> 705# ACT 706# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 707# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 708# </a> 709# SA 710# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 711# Standard Time Act, 1898 712# </a> 713 714# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 715# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 716# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 717# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 718# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 719# 720# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 721# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 722# to extend DST together in 2006. 723# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 724# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 725# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 726# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 727# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 728# allude to it. 729# But not Queensland 730# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 731 732# Northern Territory 733 734# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 735# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 736# # [ Nov 1990 ] 737# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 738# ... 739# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 740 741# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 742# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 743# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 744 745# Western Australia 746 747# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 748# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 749# # [ Nov 1990 ] 750# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 751# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 752# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 753# # before reaching parliament. 754# ... 755# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 756# ... 757# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 758# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 759# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 760# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 761 762# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 763# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 764# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 765 766# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 767# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 768# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 769# work at 9.00am.) 770# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 771# everybody again. 772 773# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 774# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 775# it matches what was used in the past. 776 777# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 778# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 779# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 780# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 781 782# Queensland 783# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 784# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 785# # [ Dec 1990 ] 786# ... 787# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 788# ... 789# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 790# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 791# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 792# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 793 794# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 795# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 796# October 1989). 797 798# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 799# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 800# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 801# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 802 803# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 804# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 805# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 806# me.) 807 808# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 809# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 810# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 811# ... 812# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 813# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 814# ... 815 816# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 817# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 818 819# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 820# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 821# WA are trialing DST for three years. 822# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 823 824# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 825# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 826# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 827# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 828# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 829# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 830# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 831# Australia and Western Australia.... 832# 833# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 834# This is confirmed by the section entitled 835# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 836# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 837# 838# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 839# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 840# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 841# coast of the continent. 842# 843# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 844# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 845# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 846# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 847# the largest population centre in this zone.... 848# 849# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 850# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 851# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 852# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 853# 854# (2006-12-09): 855# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 856# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 857# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 858# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 859 860# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 861# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 862# introduction of standard time in 1895. 863 864 865# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria 866 867# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 868# The rules from version 7.1 follow. 869# There are lots of differences between these rules and 870# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules 871# and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on 872# current DST ending dates, no worries. 873# 874# Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 875# Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 - 876# Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 - 877# Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 878# Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 879# Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST 880# Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST 881# Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00 882# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun>=15 3:00 883# 10:00 Oz EST 884 885# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 886# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct... 887# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the 888# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states 889# that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic). 890# The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think 891# that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain. 892 893# South Australia 894 895# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 896# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 897# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 898# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 899 900# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 901# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 902# # [ Nov 1990 ] 903# ... 904# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 905# ... 906# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 907# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 908# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 909# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 910 911# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 912# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 913# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 914# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 915 916# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 917# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 918# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 919# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 920# is on... 921 922# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 923# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 924# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 925# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 926 927# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 928# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 929# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 930# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 931 932# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 933# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 934# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 935# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 936 937# Tasmania 938 939# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 940# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 941# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 942# # [ Nov 1990 ] 943 944# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 945# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 946# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 947# (but nothing new about that). 948 949# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 950# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 951# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 952# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 953# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 954# instead of the first Sunday in October. 955 956# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 957# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 958 959# Victoria 960 961# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 962# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 963# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 964# # [ Nov 1990 ] 965 966# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 967# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 968# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 969# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 970# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 971# in Melbourne, Australia. 972# 973# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 974# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 975# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 976# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 977# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 978# expected time. 979# 980# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 981# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 982# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 983# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 984# 985# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 986# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 987 988# New South Wales 989 990# From Arthur David Olson: 991# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 992# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 993# who notes: 994# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 995# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 996# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 997# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 998# legislation. This is very important to understand. 999# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1000 1001# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1002# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1003# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1004# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1005# Two months more daylight saving 1006# </a> 1007# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1008 1009# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1010# See the following official NSW source: 1011# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1012# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1013# </a> 1014# 1015# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1016# daylight saving next year. See: 1017# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1018# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1019# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1020# 1021# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1022# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1023# Vic to extend daylight saving 1024# </a> (1999-07-28). 1025# 1026# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1027# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1028# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1029# </a> (1999-07-19). 1030# 1031# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1032# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1033# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1034# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1035# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1036# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1037# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1038# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1039# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1040# 1041# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1042# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1043# Broken Hill to be behind the times 1044# </a> (1999-07-21). 1045 1046# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1047# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1048# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1049 1050# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1051# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1052# towns to use Queensland time. 1053 1054# Yancowinna 1055 1056# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1057# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1058 1059# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1060# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1061# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1062# ... 1063# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1064# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1065# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1066# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1067# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1068# # presently available. 1069# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1070# ... 1071# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1072# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1073# [followed by other Rules] 1074 1075# Lord Howe Island 1076 1077# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1078# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1079# [ Dec 1990 ] 1080# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1081# hour ahead of NSW time. 1082 1083# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1084# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1085# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1086# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1087# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1088# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1089# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 1090# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1091# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1092# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1093 1094# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1095# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1096# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1097# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1098# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1099# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1100 1101# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1102# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1103# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1104 1105############################################################################### 1106 1107# New Zealand 1108 1109# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1110# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1111# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1112# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1113# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1114 1115# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1116# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1117# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1118# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1119# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1120# ... 1121# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1122# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1123# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1124# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1125# ... 1126# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1127# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1128 1129# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1130# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1131# rather than the October 1 value. 1132 1133# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1134# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1135# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1136# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1137# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1138# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1139# 1140# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1141# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1142# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1143# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1144# 1145# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1146# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1147# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1148 1149############################################################################### 1150 1151 1152# Fiji 1153 1154# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1155# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1156# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1157 1158# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1159# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1160# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1161# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1162 1163# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1164# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1165 1166# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1167# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1168# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1169# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1170# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1171# millenium. 1172 1173# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1174# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1175 1176# Johnston 1177 1178# Johnston data is from usno1995. 1179 1180 1181# Kiribati 1182 1183# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1184# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1185# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1186# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1187 1188 1189# Kwajalein 1190 1191# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1192# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1193# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1194# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1195# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1196 1197 1198# N Mariana Is, Guam 1199 1200# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1201# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1202# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1203# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1204# see Asia/Manila. 1205 1206# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1207# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1208# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1209# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1210 1211 1212# Micronesia 1213 1214# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1215# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1216# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1217# 1218# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1219# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1220 1221# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1222# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1223# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1224# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1225# </a> (1999-01-26) 1226# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1227# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1228 1229 1230# Midway 1231 1232# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1233# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1234# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1235# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1236# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1237# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1238# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1239# air at 6am your time. 1240# 1241# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1242# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1243# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1244# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1245 1246 1247# Pitcairn 1248 1249# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1250# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1251# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1252# 1253# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1254# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1255# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1256# 1257# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1258# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1259# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1260 1261# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1262# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1263# ... at midnight. 1264 1265# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1266# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1267# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1268# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1269 1270 1271# Samoa 1272 1273# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1274# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1275# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1276# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1277# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1278 1279 1280# Tonga 1281 1282# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1283# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1284# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1285# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1286 1287# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1288# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1289# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1290# </a>: 1291 1292# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1293# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1294# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1295# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1296# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1297# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1298# 1299# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1300# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1301# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1302# 1303# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1304# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1305# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1306# minutes we have lost?" 1307# 1308# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1309# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1310# to say your prayers in the morning." 1311 1312# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1313# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1314 1315# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1316# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1317# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1318# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1319# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1320# Government. 1321 1322# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1323# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1324# 1325# I was given this link by John Letts: 1326# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1327# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1328# </a> 1329# 1330# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1331# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1332# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1333# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1334 1335# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1336# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html> 1337# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1338# </a>: 1339# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1340# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1341# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1342# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1343# set back an hour on the closing date." 1344# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1345 1346# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1347# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1348# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1349 1350# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1351# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1352# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1353# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1354# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1355# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1356# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1357 1358# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1359# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1360 1361# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1362# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1363# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1364# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1365# hour to 1:00am. 1366 1367# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1368# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1369 1370 1371# Wake 1372 1373# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1374# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1375# 1376# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1377# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1378# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1379# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1380# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1381# impossible. 1382# 1383# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1384 1385# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1386# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1387 1388############################################################################### 1389 1390# The International Date Line 1391 1392# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1393# 1394# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1395# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1396# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1397# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1398# 1399# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1400# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1401# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1402# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1403# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1404# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1405# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1406# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1407# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1408# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1409# correct date is ambiguous. 1410 1411# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1412# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1413# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1414# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1415# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1416# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1417# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1418# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1419# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1420# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1421# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1422# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1423# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1424 1425# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1426# (2005-03-20): 1427# 1428# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1429# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1430# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1431# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1432