1# <pre> 2# @(#)australasia 8.13 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file also includes Pacific islands. 7 8# Notes are at the end of this file 9 10############################################################################### 11 12# Australia 13 14# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 15 16# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 17Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 18Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 20Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 21Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 22Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 23Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 24# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 25# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 26# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 27 28# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 29# Northern Territory 30Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 31 9:00 - CST 1899 May 32 9:30 Aus CST 33# Western Australia 34# 35# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 36Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 37Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 38Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 39Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 40Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 41Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 42Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 43Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 44Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 45Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 46 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 47 8:00 AW WST 48Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 49 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 50 8:45 AW CWST 51 52# Queensland 53# 54# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 55# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 56# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 57# Queensland ceased to. 58# 59# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 60# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 61# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 62# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 63# so use Lindeman. 64# 65# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 66Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 67Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 68Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 69Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 70Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 71Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 72Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 73 10:00 Aus EST 1971 74 10:00 AQ EST 75Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 76 10:00 Aus EST 1971 77 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 78 10:00 Holiday EST 79 80# South Australia 81# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 82Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 83Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 84Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 85Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 86Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 87Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 88Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 89Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 90Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 91Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 92Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 93Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94Rule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 96Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 97Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 98# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 99Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 100 9:00 - CST 1899 May 101 9:30 Aus CST 1971 102 9:30 AS CST 103 104# Tasmania 105# 106# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 107# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 108# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 109# 110# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 111Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 112Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 113Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 114Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 115Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 116Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 117Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 118Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 119Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 120Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 121Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 122Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 123Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 124Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 125Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 126Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 127Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 128Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 129Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 130# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 131Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 132 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 133 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 134 10:00 Aus EST 1967 135 10:00 AT EST 136Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 137 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 138 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 139 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 140 10:00 AT EST 141 142# Victoria 143# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 144Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 145Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 146Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 147Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 148Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 149Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 150Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 151Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 152Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 153Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 154Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 155Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 156Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 157Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 158# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 159Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 160 10:00 Aus EST 1971 161 10:00 AV EST 162 163# New South Wales 164# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 165Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 166Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 167Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 168Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 169Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 170Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 171Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 172Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 173Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 174Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 175Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 176Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 177Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 179Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 180Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 181# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 182Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 183 10:00 Aus EST 1971 184 10:00 AN EST 185Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 186 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 187 9:00 - CST 1899 May 188 9:30 Aus CST 1971 189 9:30 AN CST 2000 190 9:30 AS CST 191 192# Lord Howe Island 193# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 194Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 195Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 196Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 197Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 198Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 199Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 200Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 201Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 202Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 203Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 204Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 205Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 206Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 207Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 208Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 209 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 210 10:30 LH LHST 211 212# Australian miscellany 213# 214# Ashmore Is, Cartier 215# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 216# no times are set 217# 218# Coral Sea Is 219# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 220# no times are set 221# 222# Macquarie 223# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 224# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 225# like Australia/Hobart 226 227# Christmas 228# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 229Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 230 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 231 232# Cook Is 233# From Shanks & Pottenger: 234# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 235Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 236Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 237Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 238# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 239Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 240 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 241 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 242 243# Cocos 244# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 245# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 246# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 247Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 248 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 249 250# Fiji 251# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 252Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 253Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 254# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 255Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 256 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 257 258# French Polynesia 259# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 260Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 261 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 262Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 263 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 264Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 265 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 266# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 267# it is uninhabited. 268 269# Guam 270# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 271Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 272 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 273 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 274 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 275 276# Kiribati 277# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 278Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 279 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 280Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 281 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 282 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 283 13:00 - PHOT 284Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 285 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 286 -10:00 - LINT 1995 287 14:00 - LINT 288 289# N Mariana Is 290# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 291Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 292 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 293 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 294 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 295 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 296 297# Marshall Is 298# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 299Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 300 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 301 12:00 - MHT 302Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 303 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 304 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 305 12:00 - MHT 306 307# Micronesia 308# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 309Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 310 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 311Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 312 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 313Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 314 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 315 12:00 - KOST 1999 316 11:00 - KOST 317 318# Nauru 319# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 320Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 321 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 322 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 323 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 324 12:00 - NRT 325 326# New Caledonia 327# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 328Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 329Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 330Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 331# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 332Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 333# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 334Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 335 11:00 NC NC%sT 336 337 338############################################################################### 339 340# New Zealand 341 342# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 343Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 344Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 345Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 346Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 347Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 348Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 349Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 350# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 351# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 352Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 353Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 354Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 355Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 356Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 357Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 358Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 359Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 360Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 361Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 362Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 363Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 364Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 365Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 366Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 367Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 368Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 369Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 370# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 371Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 372 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 373 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 374Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 375 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 376 377 378# Auckland Is 379# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 380# and scientific personnel have wintered 381 382# Campbell I 383# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 384# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 385# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 386# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 387 388############################################################################### 389 390 391# Niue 392# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 393Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 394 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 395 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 396 -11:00 - NUT 397 398# Norfolk 399# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 400Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 401 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 402 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 403 404# Palau (Belau) 405# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 406Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 407 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 408 409# Papua New Guinea 410# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 411Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 412 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 413 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 414 415# Pitcairn 416# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 417Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 418 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 419 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 420 421# American Samoa 422Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 423 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 424 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 425 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 426 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 427 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 428 429# Samoa 430 431# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-12-06): 432# The Samoa government (Western Samoa) may implement DST on the first Sunday of 433# October 2009 (October 4, 2009) until the last Sunday of March 2010 (March 28, 434# 2010). 435# 436# "Selected Committee reports to Cabinet on Daylight Saving Time", 437# Government of Samoa: 438# <a href="http://www.govt.ws/pr_article.cfm?pr_id=560"> 439# http://www.govt.ws/pr_article.cfm?pr_id=560 440# </a> 441# or 442# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_samoa01.html"> 443# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_samoa01.html 444# </a> 445 446# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-27): 447# Samoa's parliament passed the Daylight Saving Bill 2009, and will start 448# daylight saving time on the first Sunday of October 2009 and end on the 449# last Sunday of March 2010. We hope that the full text will be published 450# soon, but we believe that the bill is only valid for 2009-2010. Samoa's 451# Daylight Saving Act 2009 will be enforced as soon as the Head of State 452# executes a proclamation publicizing this Act. 453# 454# Some background information here, which will be updated once we have 455# more details: 456# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 457# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 458# </a> 459 460Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 461 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 462 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 463 -11:00 - WST 2009 Oct 4 464 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2010 Mar 28 465 -11:00 - WST 466 467# Solomon Is 468# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 469# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 470Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 471 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 472 473# Tokelau Is 474# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 475Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 476 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 477 478# Tonga 479# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 480Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 481Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 482Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 483Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 484# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 485Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 486 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 487 13:00 - TOT 1999 488 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 489 490# Tuvalu 491# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 492Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 493 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 494 495 496# US minor outlying islands 497 498# Howland, Baker 499# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 500# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 501# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 502# uninhabited thereafter. 503# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 504# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 505# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 506# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 507# until they were abandoned after the war. 508 509# Jarvis 510# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 511# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 512# uninhabited thereafter. 513# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 514 515# Johnston 516# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 517Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 518 519# Kingman 520# uninhabited 521 522# Midway 523# 524# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 525# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 526# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 527# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 528# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 529# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 530# designations that I've never seen before:.... 531# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 532# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 533# 534Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 535 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 536 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 537 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 538 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 539 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 540 541# Palmyra 542# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 543 544# Wake 545# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 546Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 547 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 548 549 550# Vanuatu 551# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 552Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 553Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 554Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 555Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 556Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 557Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 558# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 559Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 560 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 561 562# Wallis and Futuna 563# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 564Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 565 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 566 567############################################################################### 568 569# NOTES 570 571# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 572# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 573# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 574 575# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 576# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 577# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 578# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 579# 580# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 581# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 582# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 583# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 584# of the IATA's data after 1990. 585# 586# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 587# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 588# 589# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 590# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 591# I found in the UCLA library. 592# 593# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 594# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 595# 596# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 597# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 598# Corrections are welcome! 599# std dst 600# LMT Local Mean Time 601# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 602# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 603# 9:00 JST Japan 604# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 605# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 606# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 607# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 608# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 609# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 610# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 611# -11:00 SST Samoa 612# -10:00 HST Hawaii 613# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 614# 615# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 616# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 617 618############################################################################### 619 620# Australia 621 622# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 623# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 624# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 625# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 626 627# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 628# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 629# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 630# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 631 632# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 633# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 634# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 635# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 636# abbreviation does _not_ change... 637# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 638# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 639# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 640# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 641# time'. 642# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 643# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 644# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 645# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 646# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 647# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 648# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 649 650# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 651# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 652# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 653# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 654# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 655 656# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 657# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 658# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 659# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 660# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 661 662# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 663# versus "AEST" etc.: 664# 665# I see the following points of dispute: 666# 667# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 668# 669# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 670# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 671# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 672# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 673# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 674# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 675# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 676# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 677# 678# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 679# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 680# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 681# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 682# 683# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 684# 685# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 686# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 687# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 688# Time, for example. 689# 690# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 691# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 692# tiebreaker. 693# 694# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 695# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 696# the word "Australian"? 697# 698# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 699# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 700# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 701# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 702# following count of page hits: 703# 704# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 705# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 706# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 707# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 708# 709# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 710# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 711# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 712# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 713# 714# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 715# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 716# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 717# are the hit counts anyway: 718# 719# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 720# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 721# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 722# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 723# 724# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 725# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 726# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 727# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 728# 729# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 730# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 731# 732# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 733# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 734# the ambiguities involved. 735# 736# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 737# 738# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 739# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 740# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 741# understood in Australia. 742 743# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 744# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 745# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 746# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 747# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 748# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 749# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 750 751# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 752# 753# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 754# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 755# relevant entries in this database. 756# 757# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 758# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 759# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 760# </a> 761# ACT 762# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 763# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 764# </a> 765# SA 766# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 767# Standard Time Act, 1898 768# </a> 769 770# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 771# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 772# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 773# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 774# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 775# 776# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 777# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 778# to extend DST together in 2006. 779# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 780# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 781# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 782# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 783# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 784# allude to it. 785# But not Queensland 786# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 787 788# Northern Territory 789 790# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 791# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 792# # [ Nov 1990 ] 793# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 794# ... 795# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 796 797# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 798# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 799# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 800 801# Western Australia 802 803# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 804# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 805# # [ Nov 1990 ] 806# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 807# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 808# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 809# # before reaching parliament. 810# ... 811# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 812# ... 813# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 814# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 815# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 816# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 817 818# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 819# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 820# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 821 822# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 823# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 824# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 825# work at 9.00am.) 826# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 827# everybody again. 828 829# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 830# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 831# it matches what was used in the past. 832 833# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 834# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 835# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 836# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 837 838# Queensland 839# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 840# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 841# # [ Dec 1990 ] 842# ... 843# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 844# ... 845# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 846# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 847# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 848# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 849 850# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 851# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 852# October 1989). 853 854# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 855# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 856# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 857# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 858 859# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 860# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 861# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 862# me.) 863 864# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 865# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 866# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 867# ... 868# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 869# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 870# ... 871 872# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 873# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 874 875# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 876# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 877# WA are trialing DST for three years. 878# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 879 880# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 881# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 882# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 883# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 884# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 885# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 886# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 887# Australia and Western Australia.... 888# 889# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 890# This is confirmed by the section entitled 891# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 892# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 893# 894# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 895# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 896# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 897# coast of the continent. 898# 899# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 900# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 901# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 902# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 903# the largest population centre in this zone.... 904# 905# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 906# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 907# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 908# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 909# 910# (2006-12-09): 911# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 912# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 913# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 914# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 915 916# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 917# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 918# introduction of standard time in 1895. 919 920 921# southeast Australia 922# 923# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 924# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 925# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 926# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 927 928 929# South Australia 930 931# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 932# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 933# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 934# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 935 936# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 937# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 938# # [ Nov 1990 ] 939# ... 940# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 941# ... 942# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 943# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 944# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 945# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 946 947# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 948# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 949# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 950# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 951 952# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 953# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 954# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 955# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 956# is on... 957 958# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 959# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 960# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 961# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 962 963# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 964# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 965# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 966# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 967 968# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 969# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 970# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 971# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 972 973# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 974# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 975 976# Tasmania 977 978# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 979# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 980# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 981# # [ Nov 1990 ] 982 983# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 984# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 985# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 986# (but nothing new about that). 987 988# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 989# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 990# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 991# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 992# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 993# instead of the first Sunday in October. 994 995# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 996# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 997 998# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 999# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1000 1001# Victoria 1002 1003# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1004# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1005# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1006# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1007 1008# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1009# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1010# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1011# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1012# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1013# in Melbourne, Australia. 1014# 1015# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1016# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1017# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1018# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1019# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1020# expected time. 1021# 1022# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1023# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1024# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1025# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1026# 1027# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1028# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1029 1030# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1031# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1032 1033# New South Wales 1034 1035# From Arthur David Olson: 1036# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1037# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1038# who notes: 1039# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1040# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1041# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1042# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1043# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1044# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1045 1046# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1047# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1048# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1049# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1050# Two months more daylight saving 1051# </a> 1052# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1053 1054# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1055# See the following official NSW source: 1056# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1057# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1058# </a> 1059# 1060# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1061# daylight saving next year. See: 1062# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1063# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1064# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1065# 1066# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1067# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1068# Vic to extend daylight saving 1069# </a> (1999-07-28). 1070# 1071# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1072# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1073# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1074# </a> (1999-07-19). 1075# 1076# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1077# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1078# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1079# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1080# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1081# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1082# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1083# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1084# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1085# 1086# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1087# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1088# Broken Hill to be behind the times 1089# </a> (1999-07-21). 1090 1091# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1092# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1093# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1094 1095# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1096# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1097# towns to use Queensland time. 1098 1099# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1100# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1101 1102# Yancowinna 1103 1104# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1105# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1106 1107# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1108# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1109# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1110# ... 1111# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1112# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1113# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1114# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1115# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1116# # presently available. 1117# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1118# ... 1119# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1120# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1121# [followed by other Rules] 1122 1123# Lord Howe Island 1124 1125# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1126# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1127# [ Dec 1990 ] 1128# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1129# hour ahead of NSW time. 1130 1131# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1132# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1133# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1134# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1135# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1136# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1137# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 1138# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1139# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1140# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1141 1142# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1143# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1144# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1145# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1146# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1147# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1148 1149# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1150# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1151# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1152 1153# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1154# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1155 1156# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1157# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1158# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1159# summer (southern hemisphere). 1160# 1161# From 1162# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1163# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1164# </a> 1165# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1166# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1167# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1168# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1169# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1170# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1171# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1172# 1173# We have a wrap-up here: 1174# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1175# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1176# </a> 1177############################################################################### 1178 1179# New Zealand 1180 1181# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1182# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1183# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1184# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1185# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1186 1187# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1188# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1189# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1190# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1191# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1192# ... 1193# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1194# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1195# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1196# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1197# ... 1198# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1199# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1200 1201# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1202# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1203# rather than the October 1 value. 1204 1205# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1206# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1207# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1208# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1209# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1210# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1211# 1212# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1213# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1214# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1215# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1216# 1217# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1218# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1219# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1220 1221# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1222# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1223# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1224# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1225# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1226 1227############################################################################### 1228 1229 1230# Fiji 1231 1232# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1233# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1234# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1235 1236# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1237# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1238# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1239# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1240 1241# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1242# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1243 1244# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1245# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1246# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1247# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1248# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1249# millenium. 1250 1251# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1252# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1253 1254# Johnston 1255 1256# Johnston data is from usno1995. 1257 1258 1259# Kiribati 1260 1261# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1262# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1263# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1264# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1265 1266 1267# Kwajalein 1268 1269# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1270# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1271# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1272# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1273# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1274 1275 1276# N Mariana Is, Guam 1277 1278# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1279# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1280# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1281# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1282# see Asia/Manila. 1283 1284# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1285# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1286# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1287# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1288 1289 1290# Micronesia 1291 1292# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1293# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1294# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1295# 1296# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1297# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1298 1299# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1300# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1301# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1302# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1303# </a> (1999-01-26) 1304# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1305# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1306 1307 1308# Midway 1309 1310# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1311# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1312# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1313# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1314# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1315# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1316# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1317# air at 6am your time. 1318# 1319# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1320# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1321# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1322# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1323 1324 1325# Pitcairn 1326 1327# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1328# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1329# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1330# 1331# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1332# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1333# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1334# 1335# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1336# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1337# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1338 1339# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1340# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1341# ... at midnight. 1342 1343# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1344# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1345# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1346# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1347 1348 1349# Samoa 1350 1351# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1352# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1353# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1354# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1355# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1356 1357 1358# Tonga 1359 1360# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1361# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1362# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1363# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1364 1365# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1366# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1367# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1368# </a>: 1369 1370# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1371# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1372# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1373# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1374# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1375# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1376# 1377# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1378# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1379# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1380# 1381# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1382# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1383# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1384# minutes we have lost?" 1385# 1386# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1387# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1388# to say your prayers in the morning." 1389 1390# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1391# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1392 1393# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1394# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1395# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1396# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1397# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1398# Government. 1399 1400# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1401# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1402# 1403# I was given this link by John Letts: 1404# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1405# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1406# </a> 1407# 1408# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1409# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1410# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1411# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1412 1413# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1414# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1415# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1416# </a>: 1417# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1418# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1419# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1420# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1421# set back an hour on the closing date." 1422# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1423 1424# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1425# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1426# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1427 1428# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1429# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1430# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1431# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1432# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1433# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1434# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1435 1436# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1437# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1438 1439# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1440# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1441# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1442# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1443# hour to 1:00am. 1444 1445# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1446# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1447 1448 1449# Wake 1450 1451# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1452# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1453# 1454# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1455# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1456# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1457# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1458# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1459# impossible. 1460# 1461# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1462 1463# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1464# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1465 1466############################################################################### 1467 1468# The International Date Line 1469 1470# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1471# 1472# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1473# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1474# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1475# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1476# 1477# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1478# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1479# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1480# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1481# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1482# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1483# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1484# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1485# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1486# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1487# correct date is ambiguous. 1488 1489# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1490# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1491# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1492# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1493# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1494# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1495# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1496# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1497# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1498# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1499# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1500# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1501# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1502 1503# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1504# (2005-03-20): 1505# 1506# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1507# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1508# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1509# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1510