1# <pre> 2# @(#)australasia 8.30 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file also includes Pacific islands. 7 8# Notes are at the end of this file 9 10############################################################################### 11 12# Australia 13 14# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 15 16# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 17Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 18Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 20Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 21Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 22Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 23Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 24# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 25# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 26# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 27 28# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 29# Northern Territory 30Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 31 9:00 - CST 1899 May 32 9:30 Aus CST 33# Western Australia 34# 35# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 36Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 37Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 38Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 39Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 40Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 41Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 42Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 43Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 44Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 45Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 46 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 47 8:00 AW WST 48Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 49 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 50 8:45 AW CWST 51 52# Queensland 53# 54# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 55# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 56# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 57# Queensland ceased to. 58# 59# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 60# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 61# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 62# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 63# so use Lindeman. 64# 65# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 66Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 67Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 68Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 69Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 70Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 71Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 72Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 73 10:00 Aus EST 1971 74 10:00 AQ EST 75Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 76 10:00 Aus EST 1971 77 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 78 10:00 Holiday EST 79 80# South Australia 81# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 82Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 83Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 84Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 85Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 86Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 87Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 88Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - 89Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - 90Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - 91Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - 92Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 93Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - 94Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 95Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 96Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 97# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 98Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 99 9:00 - CST 1899 May 100 9:30 Aus CST 1971 101 9:30 AS CST 102 103# Tasmania 104# 105# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 106# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 107# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 108# 109# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 110Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 111Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 112Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 113Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 114Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 115Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 116Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 117Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 118Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 119Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 120Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 121Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 122Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 123Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 124Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 125Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 126Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 127Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 128Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 129# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 130Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 131 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 132 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 133 10:00 Aus EST 1967 134 10:00 AT EST 135Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 136 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 137 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 138 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 139 10:00 AT EST 140 141# Victoria 142# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 143Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 144Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 145Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 146Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 147Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 148Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 149Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 150Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 151Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 152Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 153Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 154Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 155Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 156Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 157# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 158Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 159 10:00 Aus EST 1971 160 10:00 AV EST 161 162# New South Wales 163# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 164Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 165Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 166Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 167Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 168Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 169Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 170Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 171Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 172Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 173Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 174Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 176Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 177Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 178Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 179Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 180# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 181Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 182 10:00 Aus EST 1971 183 10:00 AN EST 184Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 185 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 186 9:00 - CST 1899 May 187 9:30 Aus CST 1971 188 9:30 AN CST 2000 189 9:30 AS CST 190 191# Lord Howe Island 192# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 193Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 194Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 195Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 196Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 197Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 198Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 199Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 200Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 201Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 203Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 204Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 205Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 206Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 207Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 208 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 209 10:30 LH LHST 210 211# Australian miscellany 212# 213# Ashmore Is, Cartier 214# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 215# no times are set 216# 217# Coral Sea Is 218# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 219# no times are set 220# 221# Macquarie 222# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 223# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 224# like Australia/Hobart 225 226# Christmas 227# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 228Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 229 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 230 231# Cook Is 232# From Shanks & Pottenger: 233# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 234Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 235Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 236Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 237# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 238Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 239 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 240 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 241 242# Cocos 243# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 244# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 245# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 246Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 247 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 248 249# Fiji 250# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 251# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 252# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 253# 254# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 255# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 256# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 257# </a> 258# or 259# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 260# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 261# </a> 262 263# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 264# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 265# amendments: 266# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 267# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 268# </a> 269 270# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 271# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 272# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 273# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 274# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 275# 276# Official source: 277# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 278# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 279# </a> 280# 281# A bit more background info here: 282# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 283# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 284# </a> 285 286# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 287# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 288# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 289# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 290# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 291# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 292# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 293# </a> 294# or 295# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 296# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 297# </a> 298 299# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 300# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 301# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 302# 303# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 304# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 305# </a> 306# which says 307# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 308# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 309# 2am on February 26 next year. 310 311# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 312# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 313# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 314# 315# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 316# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 317# </a> 318# states: 319# 320# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 321# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 322# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 323# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 324 325# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 326Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 327Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 328Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 329Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 330Rule Fiji 2010 only - Oct 24 2:00 1:00 S 331Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 332Rule Fiji 2011 only - Oct 23 2:00 1:00 S 333Rule Fiji 2012 only - Jan 22 3:00 0 - 334# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 335Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 336 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 337 338# French Polynesia 339# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 340Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 341 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 342Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 343 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 344Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 345 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 346# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 347# it is uninhabited. 348 349# Guam 350# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 351Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 352 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 353 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 354 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 355 356# Kiribati 357# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 358Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 359 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 360Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 361 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 362 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 363 13:00 - PHOT 364Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 365 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 366 -10:00 - LINT 1995 367 14:00 - LINT 368 369# N Mariana Is 370# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 371Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 372 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 373 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 374 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 375 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 376 377# Marshall Is 378# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 379Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 380 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 381 12:00 - MHT 382Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 383 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 384 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 385 12:00 - MHT 386 387# Micronesia 388# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 389Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 390 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 391Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 392 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 393Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 394 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 395 12:00 - KOST 1999 396 11:00 - KOST 397 398# Nauru 399# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 400Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 401 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 402 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 403 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 404 12:00 - NRT 405 406# New Caledonia 407# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 408Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 409Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 410Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 411# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 412Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 413# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 414Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 415 11:00 NC NC%sT 416 417 418############################################################################### 419 420# New Zealand 421 422# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 423Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 424Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 425Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 426Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 427Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 428Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 429Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 430# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 431# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 432Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 433Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 434Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 435Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 436Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 437Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 438Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 439Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 440Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 441Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 442Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 443Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 444Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 445Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 446Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 447Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 448Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 449Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 450# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 451Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 452 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 453 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 454Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 455 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 456 457 458# Auckland Is 459# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 460# and scientific personnel have wintered 461 462# Campbell I 463# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 464# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 465# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 466# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 467 468############################################################################### 469 470 471# Niue 472# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 473Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 474 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 475 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 476 -11:00 - NUT 477 478# Norfolk 479# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 480Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 481 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 482 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 483 484# Palau (Belau) 485# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 486Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 487 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 488 489# Papua New Guinea 490# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 491Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 492 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 493 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 494 495# Pitcairn 496# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 497Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 498 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 499 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 500 501# American Samoa 502Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 503 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 504 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 505 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 506 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 507 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 508 509# Samoa 510 511# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 512# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 513# the following info: 514# 515# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 516# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 517# Sunday of April 2011." 518# 519# Background info: 520# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 521# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 522# </a> 523# 524# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 525# contain any dates: 526# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 527# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 528# </a> 529 530# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 531# Please see 532# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 533# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 534# </a>, 535# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 536# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 537# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 538# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 539 540# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 541# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website 542# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 543# www.mcil.gov.ws 544# </a> 545# 546# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME 547# 548# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, 549# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight 550# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). 551# 552# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes 553# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, 554# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be 555# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 556# 557# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, 558# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 559 560# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09): 561# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 562# 563# <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963"> 564# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 565# </a> 566 567# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17): 568# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law 569# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she 570# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather 571# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But 572# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa 573# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13: 574# 575# International Date Line Bill 2011 576# 577# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make 578# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date 579# Line, and for related purposes. 580# 581# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament 582# assembled as follows: 583# 584# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the 585# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act 586# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3) 587# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State. 588# 589# [snip] 590# 591# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any 592# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the 593# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time. 594# 595# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa 596# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated 597# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's 598# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and 599# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to 600# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this 601# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that 602# it defines Samoa standard time.... 603 604# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 605# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html"> 606# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 607# </a> 608# 609# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 610# 611# DST 612# Year End Time Start Time 613# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 614# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 615# 616# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 617# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 618# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 619# 620# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03): 621# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 622# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on 623# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below. 624Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 625 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 626 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 627 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 628 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 629 -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00 630 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30 631 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr 1 4:00 632 13:00 - WST 633 634# Solomon Is 635# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 636# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 637Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 638 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 639 640# Tokelau Is 641# 642# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 643# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 644# December 31 this year, thereby changing its time zone from UTC-10 to 645# UTC+14. When I tried to verify this statement, I found a confirming 646# article in Time magazine online 647# <a href="http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2103243,00.html"> 648# (http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2103243,00.html). 649# </a> 650# 651# From Jonathan Leffler (2011-12-29) 652# Information from the BBC to the same effect: 653# <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16351377"> 654# http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16351377 655# </a> 656# 657# Patch supplied by Tim Parenti (2011-12-29) 658 659# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 660Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 661 -10:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 662 14:00 - TKT 663 664# Tonga 665# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 666Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 667Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 668Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 669Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 670# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 671Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 672 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 673 13:00 - TOT 1999 674 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 675 676# Tuvalu 677# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 678Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 679 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 680 681 682# US minor outlying islands 683 684# Howland, Baker 685# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 686# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 687# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 688# uninhabited thereafter. 689# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 690# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 691# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 692# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 693# until they were abandoned after the war. 694 695# Jarvis 696# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 697# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 698# uninhabited thereafter. 699# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 700 701# Johnston 702# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 703Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 704 705# Kingman 706# uninhabited 707 708# Midway 709# 710# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 711# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 712# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 713# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 714# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 715# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 716# designations that I've never seen before:.... 717# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 718# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 719# 720Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 721 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 722 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 723 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 724 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 725 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 726 727# Palmyra 728# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 729 730# Wake 731# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 732Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 733 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 734 735 736# Vanuatu 737# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 738Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 739Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 740Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 741Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 742Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 743Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 744# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 745Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 746 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 747 748# Wallis and Futuna 749# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 750Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 751 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 752 753############################################################################### 754 755# NOTES 756 757# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 758# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 759# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 760 761# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 762# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 763# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 764# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 765# 766# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 767# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 768# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 769# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 770# of the IATA's data after 1990. 771# 772# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 773# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 774# 775# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 776# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 777# I found in the UCLA library. 778# 779# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 780# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 781# 782# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 783# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 784# Corrections are welcome! 785# std dst 786# LMT Local Mean Time 787# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 788# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 789# 9:00 JST Japan 790# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 791# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 792# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 793# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 794# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 795# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 796# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 797# -11:00 SST Samoa 798# -10:00 HST Hawaii 799# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 800# 801# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 802# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 803 804############################################################################### 805 806# Australia 807 808# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 809# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 810# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 811# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 812 813# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 814# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 815# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 816# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 817 818# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 819# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 820# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 821# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 822# abbreviation does _not_ change... 823# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 824# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 825# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 826# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 827# time'. 828# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 829# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 830# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 831# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 832# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 833# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 834# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 835 836# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 837# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 838# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 839# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 840# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 841 842# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 843# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 844# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 845# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 846# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 847 848# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 849# versus "AEST" etc.: 850# 851# I see the following points of dispute: 852# 853# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 854# 855# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 856# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 857# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 858# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 859# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 860# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 861# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 862# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 863# 864# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 865# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 866# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 867# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 868# 869# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 870# 871# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 872# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 873# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 874# Time, for example. 875# 876# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 877# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 878# tiebreaker. 879# 880# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 881# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 882# the word "Australian"? 883# 884# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 885# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 886# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 887# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 888# following count of page hits: 889# 890# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 891# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 892# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 893# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 894# 895# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 896# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 897# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 898# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 899# 900# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 901# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 902# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 903# are the hit counts anyway: 904# 905# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 906# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 907# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 908# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 909# 910# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 911# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 912# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 913# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 914# 915# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 916# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 917# 918# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 919# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 920# the ambiguities involved. 921# 922# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 923# 924# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 925# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 926# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 927# understood in Australia. 928 929# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 930# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 931# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 932# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 933# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 934# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 935# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 936 937# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 938# 939# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 940# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 941# relevant entries in this database. 942# 943# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 944# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 945# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 946# </a> 947# ACT 948# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 949# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 950# </a> 951# SA 952# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 953# Standard Time Act, 1898 954# </a> 955 956# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 957# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 958# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 959# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 960# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 961# 962# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 963# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 964# to extend DST together in 2006. 965# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 966# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 967# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 968# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 969# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 970# allude to it. 971# But not Queensland 972# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 973 974# Northern Territory 975 976# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 977# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 978# # [ Nov 1990 ] 979# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 980# ... 981# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 982 983# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 984# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 985# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 986 987# Western Australia 988 989# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 990# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 991# # [ Nov 1990 ] 992# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 993# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 994# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 995# # before reaching parliament. 996# ... 997# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 998# ... 999# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1000# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1001# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1002# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1003 1004# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1005# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1006# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1007 1008# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1009# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1010# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1011# work at 9.00am.) 1012# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1013# everybody again. 1014 1015# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1016# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1017# it matches what was used in the past. 1018 1019# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 1020# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1021# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1022# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1023 1024# Queensland 1025# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1026# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1027# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1028# ... 1029# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1030# ... 1031# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1032# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1033# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1034# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1035 1036# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1037# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1038# October 1989). 1039 1040# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1041# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1042# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1043# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1044 1045# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1046# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1047# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1048# me.) 1049 1050# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1051# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1052# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1053# ... 1054# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1055# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1056# ... 1057 1058# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1059# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1060 1061# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1062# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1063# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1064# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 1065 1066# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1067# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1068# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1069# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1070# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1071# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1072# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1073# Australia and Western Australia.... 1074# 1075# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1076# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1077# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1078# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 1079# 1080# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1081# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1082# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1083# coast of the continent. 1084# 1085# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1086# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1087# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1088# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1089# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1090# 1091# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1092# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1093# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1094# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1095# 1096# (2006-12-09): 1097# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1098# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1099# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1100# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1101 1102# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1103# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1104# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1105 1106 1107# southeast Australia 1108# 1109# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1110# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1111# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1112# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1113 1114 1115# South Australia 1116 1117# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1118# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1119# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1120# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1121 1122# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1123# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1124# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1125# ... 1126# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1127# ... 1128# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1129# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1130# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1131# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1132 1133# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1134# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1135# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1136# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1137 1138# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1139# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1140# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1141# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1142# is on... 1143 1144# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1145# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1146# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1147# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1148 1149# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1150# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1151# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1152# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1153 1154# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1155# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1156# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1157# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1158 1159# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1160# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1161 1162# Tasmania 1163 1164# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1165# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1166# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1167# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1168 1169# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1170# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1171# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1172# (but nothing new about that). 1173 1174# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1175# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1176# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1177# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1178# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1179# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1180 1181# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1182# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1183 1184# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1185# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1186 1187# Victoria 1188 1189# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1190# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1191# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1192# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1193 1194# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1195# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1196# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1197# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1198# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1199# in Melbourne, Australia. 1200# 1201# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1202# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1203# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1204# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1205# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1206# expected time. 1207# 1208# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1209# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1210# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1211# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1212# 1213# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1214# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1215 1216# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1217# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1218 1219# New South Wales 1220 1221# From Arthur David Olson: 1222# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1223# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1224# who notes: 1225# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1226# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1227# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1228# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1229# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1230# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1231 1232# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1233# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1234# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1235# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1236# Two months more daylight saving 1237# </a> 1238# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1239 1240# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1241# See the following official NSW source: 1242# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1243# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1244# </a> 1245# 1246# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1247# daylight saving next year. See: 1248# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1249# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1250# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1251# 1252# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1253# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1254# Vic to extend daylight saving 1255# </a> (1999-07-28). 1256# 1257# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1258# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1259# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1260# </a> (1999-07-19). 1261# 1262# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1263# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1264# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1265# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1266# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1267# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1268# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1269# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1270# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1271# 1272# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1273# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1274# Broken Hill to be behind the times 1275# </a> (1999-07-21). 1276 1277# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1278# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1279# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1280 1281# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1282# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1283# towns to use Queensland time. 1284 1285# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1286# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1287 1288# Yancowinna 1289 1290# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1291# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1292 1293# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1294# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1295# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1296# ... 1297# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1298# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1299# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1300# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1301# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1302# # presently available. 1303# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1304# ... 1305# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1306# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1307# [followed by other Rules] 1308 1309# Lord Howe Island 1310 1311# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1312# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1313# [ Dec 1990 ] 1314# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1315# hour ahead of NSW time. 1316 1317# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1318# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1319# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1320# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1321# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1322# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1323# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1324# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1325# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1326# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1327 1328# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1329# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1330# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1331# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1332# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1333# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1334 1335# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1336# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1337# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1338 1339# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1340# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1341 1342# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1343# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1344# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1345# summer (southern hemisphere). 1346# 1347# From 1348# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1349# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1350# </a> 1351# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1352# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1353# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1354# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1355# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1356# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1357# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1358# 1359# We have a wrap-up here: 1360# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1361# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1362# </a> 1363############################################################################### 1364 1365# New Zealand 1366 1367# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1368# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1369# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1370# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1371# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1372 1373# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1374# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1375# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1376# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1377# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1378# ... 1379# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1380# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1381# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1382# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1383# ... 1384# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1385# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1386 1387# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1388# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1389# rather than the October 1 value. 1390 1391# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1392# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1393# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1394# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1395# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1396# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1397# 1398# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1399# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1400# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1401# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1402# 1403# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1404# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1405# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1406 1407# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1408# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1409# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1410# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1411# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1412 1413############################################################################### 1414 1415 1416# Fiji 1417 1418# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1419# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1420# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1421 1422# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1423# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1424# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1425# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1426 1427# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1428# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1429 1430# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1431# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1432# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1433# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1434# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1435# millenium. 1436 1437# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1438# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1439 1440# Johnston 1441 1442# Johnston data is from usno1995. 1443 1444 1445# Kiribati 1446 1447# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1448# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1449# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1450# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1451 1452 1453# Kwajalein 1454 1455# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1456# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1457# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1458# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1459# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1460 1461 1462# N Mariana Is, Guam 1463 1464# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1465# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1466# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1467# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1468# see Asia/Manila. 1469 1470# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1471# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1472# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1473# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1474 1475 1476# Micronesia 1477 1478# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1479# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1480# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1481# 1482# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1483# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1484 1485# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1486# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1487# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1488# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1489# </a> (1999-01-26) 1490# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1491# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1492 1493 1494# Midway 1495 1496# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1497# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1498# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1499# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1500# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1501# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1502# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1503# air at 6am your time. 1504# 1505# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1506# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1507# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1508# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1509 1510 1511# Pitcairn 1512 1513# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1514# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1515# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1516# 1517# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1518# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1519# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1520# 1521# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1522# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1523# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1524 1525# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1526# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1527# ... at midnight. 1528 1529# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1530# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1531# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1532# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1533 1534 1535# Samoa 1536 1537# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1538# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1539# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1540# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1541# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1542 1543 1544# Tonga 1545 1546# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1547# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1548# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1549# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1550 1551# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1552# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1553# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1554# </a>: 1555 1556# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1557# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1558# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1559# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1560# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1561# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1562# 1563# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1564# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1565# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1566# 1567# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1568# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1569# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1570# minutes we have lost?" 1571# 1572# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1573# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1574# to say your prayers in the morning." 1575 1576# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1577# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1578 1579# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1580# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1581# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1582# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1583# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1584# Government. 1585 1586# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1587# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1588# 1589# I was given this link by John Letts: 1590# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1591# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1592# </a> 1593# 1594# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1595# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1596# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1597# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1598 1599# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1600# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1601# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1602# </a>: 1603# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1604# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1605# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1606# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1607# set back an hour on the closing date." 1608# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1609 1610# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1611# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1612# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1613 1614# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1615# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1616# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1617# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1618# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1619# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1620# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1621 1622# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1623# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1624 1625# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1626# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1627# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1628# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1629# hour to 1:00am. 1630 1631# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1632# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1633 1634 1635# Wake 1636 1637# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1638# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1639# 1640# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1641# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1642# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1643# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1644# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1645# impossible. 1646# 1647# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1648 1649# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1650# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1651 1652############################################################################### 1653 1654# The International Date Line 1655 1656# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1657# 1658# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1659# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1660# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1661# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1662# 1663# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1664# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1665# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1666# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1667# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1668# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1669# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1670# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1671# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1672# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1673# correct date is ambiguous. 1674 1675# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1676# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1677# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1678# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1679# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1680# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1681# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1682# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1683# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1684# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1685# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1686# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1687# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1688 1689# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1690# (2005-03-20): 1691# 1692# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1693# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1694# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1695# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1696