1# <pre> 2# @(#)australasia 8.23 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file also includes Pacific islands. 7 8# Notes are at the end of this file 9 10############################################################################### 11 12# Australia 13 14# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 15 16# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 17Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 18Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 20Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 21Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 22Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 23Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 24# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 25# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 26# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 27 28# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 29# Northern Territory 30Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 31 9:00 - CST 1899 May 32 9:30 Aus CST 33# Western Australia 34# 35# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 36Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 37Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 38Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 39Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 40Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 41Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 42Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 43Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 44Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 45Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 46 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 47 8:00 AW WST 48Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 49 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 50 8:45 AW CWST 51 52# Queensland 53# 54# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 55# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 56# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 57# Queensland ceased to. 58# 59# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 60# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 61# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 62# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 63# so use Lindeman. 64# 65# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 66Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 67Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 68Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 69Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 70Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 71Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 72Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 73 10:00 Aus EST 1971 74 10:00 AQ EST 75Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 76 10:00 Aus EST 1971 77 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 78 10:00 Holiday EST 79 80# South Australia 81# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 82Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 83Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 84Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 85Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 86Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 87Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 88Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - 89Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - 90Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - 91Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - 92Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 93Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - 94Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 95Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 96Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 97# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 98Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 99 9:00 - CST 1899 May 100 9:30 Aus CST 1971 101 9:30 AS CST 102 103# Tasmania 104# 105# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 106# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 107# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 108# 109# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 110Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 111Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 112Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 113Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 114Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 115Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 116Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 117Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 118Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 119Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 120Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 121Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 122Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 123Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 124Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 125Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 126Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 127Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 128Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 129# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 130Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 131 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 132 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 133 10:00 Aus EST 1967 134 10:00 AT EST 135Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 136 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 137 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 138 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 139 10:00 AT EST 140 141# Victoria 142# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 143Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 144Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 145Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 146Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 147Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 148Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 149Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 150Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 151Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 152Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 153Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 154Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 155Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 156Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 157# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 158Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 159 10:00 Aus EST 1971 160 10:00 AV EST 161 162# New South Wales 163# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 164Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 165Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 166Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 167Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 168Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 169Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 170Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 171Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 172Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 173Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 174Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 176Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 177Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 178Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 179Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 180# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 181Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 182 10:00 Aus EST 1971 183 10:00 AN EST 184Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 185 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 186 9:00 - CST 1899 May 187 9:30 Aus CST 1971 188 9:30 AN CST 2000 189 9:30 AS CST 190 191# Lord Howe Island 192# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 193Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 194Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 195Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 196Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 197Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 198Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 199Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 200Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 201Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 203Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 204Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 205Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 206Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 207Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 208 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 209 10:30 LH LHST 210 211# Australian miscellany 212# 213# Ashmore Is, Cartier 214# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 215# no times are set 216# 217# Coral Sea Is 218# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 219# no times are set 220# 221# Macquarie 222# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 223# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 224# like Australia/Hobart 225 226# Christmas 227# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 228Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 229 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 230 231# Cook Is 232# From Shanks & Pottenger: 233# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 234Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 235Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 236Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 237# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 238Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 239 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 240 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 241 242# Cocos 243# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 244# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 245# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 246Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 247 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 248 249# Fiji 250# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 251# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 252# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 253# 254# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 255# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 256# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 257# </a> 258# or 259# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 260# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 261# </a> 262 263# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 264# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 265# amendments: 266# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 267# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 268# </a> 269 270# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 271# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 272# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 273# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 274# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 275# 276# Official source: 277# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 278# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 279# </a> 280# 281# A bit more background info here: 282# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 283# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 284# </a> 285 286# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 287# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 288# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 289# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 290# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 291# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 292# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 293# </a> 294# or 295# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 296# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 297# </a> 298 299# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 300Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 301Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 302Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 303Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 304Rule Fiji 2010 only - Oct 24 2:00 1:00 S 305Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 306# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 307Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 308 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 309 310# French Polynesia 311# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 312Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 313 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 314Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 315 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 316Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 317 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 318# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 319# it is uninhabited. 320 321# Guam 322# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 323Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 324 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 325 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 326 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 327 328# Kiribati 329# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 330Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 331 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 332Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 333 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 334 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 335 13:00 - PHOT 336Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 337 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 338 -10:00 - LINT 1995 339 14:00 - LINT 340 341# N Mariana Is 342# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 343Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 344 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 345 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 346 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 347 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 348 349# Marshall Is 350# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 351Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 352 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 353 12:00 - MHT 354Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 355 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 356 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 357 12:00 - MHT 358 359# Micronesia 360# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 361Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 362 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 363Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 364 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 365Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 366 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 367 12:00 - KOST 1999 368 11:00 - KOST 369 370# Nauru 371# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 372Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 373 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 374 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 375 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 376 12:00 - NRT 377 378# New Caledonia 379# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 380Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 381Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 382Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 383# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 384Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 385# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 386Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 387 11:00 NC NC%sT 388 389 390############################################################################### 391 392# New Zealand 393 394# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 395Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 396Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 397Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 398Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 399Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 400Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 401Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 402# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 403# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 404Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 405Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 406Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 407Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 408Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 409Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 410Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 411Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 412Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 413Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 414Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 415Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 416Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 417Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 418Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 419Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 420Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 421Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 422# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 423Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 424 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 425 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 426Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 427 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 428 429 430# Auckland Is 431# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 432# and scientific personnel have wintered 433 434# Campbell I 435# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 436# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 437# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 438# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 439 440############################################################################### 441 442 443# Niue 444# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 445Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 446 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 447 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 448 -11:00 - NUT 449 450# Norfolk 451# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 452Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 453 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 454 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 455 456# Palau (Belau) 457# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 458Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 459 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 460 461# Papua New Guinea 462# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 463Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 464 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 465 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 466 467# Pitcairn 468# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 469Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 470 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 471 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 472 473# American Samoa 474Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 475 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 476 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 477 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 478 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 479 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 480 481# Samoa 482 483# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 484# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 485# the following info: 486# 487# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 488# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 489# Sunday of April 2011." 490# 491# Background info: 492# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 493# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 494# </a> 495# 496# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 497# contain any dates: 498# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 499# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 500# </a> 501 502# From Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 503# Please see 504# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 505# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 506# </a>, 507# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 508# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 509# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 510# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 511 512# From Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07) 513# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website 514# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 515# www.mcil.gov.ws 516# </a> 517# 518# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME 519# 520# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, 521# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight 522# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). 523# 524# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes 525# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, 526# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be 527# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 528# 529# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, 530# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 531 532Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 533 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 534 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 535 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 536 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 537 -11:00 - WST 538 539# Solomon Is 540# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 541# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 542Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 543 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 544 545# Tokelau Is 546# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 547Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 548 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 549 550# Tonga 551# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 552Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 553Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 554Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 555Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 556# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 557Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 558 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 559 13:00 - TOT 1999 560 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 561 562# Tuvalu 563# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 564Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 565 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 566 567 568# US minor outlying islands 569 570# Howland, Baker 571# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 572# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 573# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 574# uninhabited thereafter. 575# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 576# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 577# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 578# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 579# until they were abandoned after the war. 580 581# Jarvis 582# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 583# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 584# uninhabited thereafter. 585# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 586 587# Johnston 588# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 589Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 590 591# Kingman 592# uninhabited 593 594# Midway 595# 596# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 597# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 598# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 599# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 600# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 601# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 602# designations that I've never seen before:.... 603# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 604# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 605# 606Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 607 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 608 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 609 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 610 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 611 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 612 613# Palmyra 614# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 615 616# Wake 617# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 618Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 619 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 620 621 622# Vanuatu 623# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 624Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 625Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 626Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 627Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 628Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 629Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 630# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 631Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 632 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 633 634# Wallis and Futuna 635# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 636Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 637 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 638 639############################################################################### 640 641# NOTES 642 643# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 644# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 645# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 646 647# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 648# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 649# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 650# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 651# 652# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 653# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 654# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 655# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 656# of the IATA's data after 1990. 657# 658# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 659# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 660# 661# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 662# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 663# I found in the UCLA library. 664# 665# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 666# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 667# 668# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 669# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 670# Corrections are welcome! 671# std dst 672# LMT Local Mean Time 673# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 674# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 675# 9:00 JST Japan 676# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 677# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 678# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 679# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 680# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 681# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 682# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 683# -11:00 SST Samoa 684# -10:00 HST Hawaii 685# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 686# 687# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 688# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 689 690############################################################################### 691 692# Australia 693 694# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 695# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 696# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 697# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 698 699# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 700# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 701# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 702# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 703 704# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 705# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 706# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 707# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 708# abbreviation does _not_ change... 709# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 710# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 711# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 712# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 713# time'. 714# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 715# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 716# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 717# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 718# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 719# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 720# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 721 722# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 723# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 724# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 725# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 726# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 727 728# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 729# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 730# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 731# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 732# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 733 734# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 735# versus "AEST" etc.: 736# 737# I see the following points of dispute: 738# 739# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 740# 741# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 742# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 743# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 744# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 745# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 746# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 747# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 748# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 749# 750# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 751# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 752# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 753# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 754# 755# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 756# 757# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 758# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 759# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 760# Time, for example. 761# 762# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 763# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 764# tiebreaker. 765# 766# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 767# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 768# the word "Australian"? 769# 770# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 771# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 772# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 773# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 774# following count of page hits: 775# 776# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 777# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 778# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 779# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 780# 781# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 782# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 783# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 784# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 785# 786# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 787# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 788# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 789# are the hit counts anyway: 790# 791# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 792# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 793# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 794# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 795# 796# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 797# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 798# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 799# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 800# 801# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 802# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 803# 804# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 805# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 806# the ambiguities involved. 807# 808# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 809# 810# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 811# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 812# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 813# understood in Australia. 814 815# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 816# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 817# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 818# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 819# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 820# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 821# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 822 823# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 824# 825# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 826# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 827# relevant entries in this database. 828# 829# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 830# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 831# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 832# </a> 833# ACT 834# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 835# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 836# </a> 837# SA 838# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 839# Standard Time Act, 1898 840# </a> 841 842# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 843# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 844# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 845# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 846# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 847# 848# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 849# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 850# to extend DST together in 2006. 851# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 852# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 853# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 854# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 855# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 856# allude to it. 857# But not Queensland 858# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 859 860# Northern Territory 861 862# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 863# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 864# # [ Nov 1990 ] 865# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 866# ... 867# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 868 869# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 870# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 871# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 872 873# Western Australia 874 875# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 876# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 877# # [ Nov 1990 ] 878# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 879# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 880# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 881# # before reaching parliament. 882# ... 883# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 884# ... 885# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 886# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 887# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 888# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 889 890# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 891# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 892# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 893 894# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 895# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 896# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 897# work at 9.00am.) 898# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 899# everybody again. 900 901# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 902# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 903# it matches what was used in the past. 904 905# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 906# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 907# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 908# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 909 910# Queensland 911# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 912# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 913# # [ Dec 1990 ] 914# ... 915# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 916# ... 917# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 918# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 919# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 920# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 921 922# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 923# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 924# October 1989). 925 926# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 927# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 928# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 929# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 930 931# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 932# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 933# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 934# me.) 935 936# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 937# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 938# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 939# ... 940# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 941# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 942# ... 943 944# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 945# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 946 947# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 948# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 949# WA are trialing DST for three years. 950# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 951 952# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 953# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 954# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 955# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 956# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 957# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 958# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 959# Australia and Western Australia.... 960# 961# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 962# This is confirmed by the section entitled 963# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 964# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 965# 966# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 967# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 968# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 969# coast of the continent. 970# 971# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 972# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 973# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 974# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 975# the largest population centre in this zone.... 976# 977# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 978# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 979# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 980# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 981# 982# (2006-12-09): 983# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 984# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 985# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 986# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 987 988# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 989# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 990# introduction of standard time in 1895. 991 992 993# southeast Australia 994# 995# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 996# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 997# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 998# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 999 1000 1001# South Australia 1002 1003# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1004# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1005# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1006# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1007 1008# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1009# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1010# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1011# ... 1012# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1013# ... 1014# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1015# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1016# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1017# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1018 1019# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1020# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1021# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1022# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1023 1024# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1025# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1026# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1027# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1028# is on... 1029 1030# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1031# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1032# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1033# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1034 1035# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1036# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1037# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1038# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1039 1040# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1041# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1042# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1043# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1044 1045# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1046# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1047 1048# Tasmania 1049 1050# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1051# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1052# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1053# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1054 1055# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1056# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1057# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1058# (but nothing new about that). 1059 1060# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1061# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1062# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1063# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1064# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1065# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1066 1067# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1068# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1069 1070# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1071# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1072 1073# Victoria 1074 1075# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1076# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1077# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1078# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1079 1080# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1081# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1082# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1083# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1084# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1085# in Melbourne, Australia. 1086# 1087# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1088# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1089# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1090# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1091# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1092# expected time. 1093# 1094# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1095# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1096# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1097# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1098# 1099# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1100# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1101 1102# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1103# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1104 1105# New South Wales 1106 1107# From Arthur David Olson: 1108# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1109# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1110# who notes: 1111# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1112# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1113# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1114# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1115# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1116# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1117 1118# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1119# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1120# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1121# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1122# Two months more daylight saving 1123# </a> 1124# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1125 1126# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1127# See the following official NSW source: 1128# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1129# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1130# </a> 1131# 1132# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1133# daylight saving next year. See: 1134# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1135# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1136# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1137# 1138# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1139# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1140# Vic to extend daylight saving 1141# </a> (1999-07-28). 1142# 1143# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1144# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1145# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1146# </a> (1999-07-19). 1147# 1148# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1149# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1150# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1151# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1152# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1153# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1154# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1155# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1156# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1157# 1158# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1159# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1160# Broken Hill to be behind the times 1161# </a> (1999-07-21). 1162 1163# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1164# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1165# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1166 1167# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1168# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1169# towns to use Queensland time. 1170 1171# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1172# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1173 1174# Yancowinna 1175 1176# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1177# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1178 1179# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1180# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1181# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1182# ... 1183# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1184# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1185# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1186# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1187# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1188# # presently available. 1189# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1190# ... 1191# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1192# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1193# [followed by other Rules] 1194 1195# Lord Howe Island 1196 1197# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1198# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1199# [ Dec 1990 ] 1200# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1201# hour ahead of NSW time. 1202 1203# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1204# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1205# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1206# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1207# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1208# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1209# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 1210# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1211# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1212# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1213 1214# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1215# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1216# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1217# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1218# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1219# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1220 1221# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1222# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1223# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1224 1225# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1226# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1227 1228# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1229# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1230# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1231# summer (southern hemisphere). 1232# 1233# From 1234# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1235# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1236# </a> 1237# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1238# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1239# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1240# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1241# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1242# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1243# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1244# 1245# We have a wrap-up here: 1246# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1247# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1248# </a> 1249############################################################################### 1250 1251# New Zealand 1252 1253# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1254# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1255# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1256# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1257# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1258 1259# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1260# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1261# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1262# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1263# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1264# ... 1265# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1266# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1267# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1268# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1269# ... 1270# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1271# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1272 1273# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1274# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1275# rather than the October 1 value. 1276 1277# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1278# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1279# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1280# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1281# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1282# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1283# 1284# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1285# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1286# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1287# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1288# 1289# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1290# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1291# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1292 1293# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1294# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1295# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1296# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1297# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1298 1299############################################################################### 1300 1301 1302# Fiji 1303 1304# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1305# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1306# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1307 1308# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1309# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1310# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1311# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1312 1313# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1314# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1315 1316# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1317# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1318# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1319# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1320# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1321# millenium. 1322 1323# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1324# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1325 1326# Johnston 1327 1328# Johnston data is from usno1995. 1329 1330 1331# Kiribati 1332 1333# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1334# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1335# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1336# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1337 1338 1339# Kwajalein 1340 1341# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1342# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1343# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1344# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1345# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1346 1347 1348# N Mariana Is, Guam 1349 1350# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1351# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1352# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1353# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1354# see Asia/Manila. 1355 1356# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1357# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1358# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1359# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1360 1361 1362# Micronesia 1363 1364# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1365# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1366# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1367# 1368# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1369# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1370 1371# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1372# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1373# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1374# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1375# </a> (1999-01-26) 1376# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1377# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1378 1379 1380# Midway 1381 1382# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1383# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1384# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1385# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1386# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1387# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1388# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1389# air at 6am your time. 1390# 1391# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1392# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1393# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1394# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1395 1396 1397# Pitcairn 1398 1399# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1400# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1401# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1402# 1403# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1404# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1405# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1406# 1407# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1408# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1409# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1410 1411# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1412# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1413# ... at midnight. 1414 1415# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1416# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1417# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1418# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1419 1420 1421# Samoa 1422 1423# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1424# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1425# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1426# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1427# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1428 1429 1430# Tonga 1431 1432# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1433# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1434# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1435# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1436 1437# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1438# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1439# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1440# </a>: 1441 1442# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1443# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1444# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1445# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1446# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1447# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1448# 1449# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1450# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1451# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1452# 1453# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1454# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1455# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1456# minutes we have lost?" 1457# 1458# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1459# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1460# to say your prayers in the morning." 1461 1462# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1463# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1464 1465# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1466# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1467# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1468# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1469# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1470# Government. 1471 1472# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1473# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1474# 1475# I was given this link by John Letts: 1476# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1477# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1478# </a> 1479# 1480# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1481# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1482# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1483# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1484 1485# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1486# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1487# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1488# </a>: 1489# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1490# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1491# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1492# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1493# set back an hour on the closing date." 1494# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1495 1496# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1497# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1498# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1499 1500# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1501# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1502# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1503# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1504# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1505# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1506# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1507 1508# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1509# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1510 1511# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1512# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1513# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1514# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1515# hour to 1:00am. 1516 1517# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1518# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1519 1520 1521# Wake 1522 1523# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1524# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1525# 1526# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1527# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1528# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1529# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1530# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1531# impossible. 1532# 1533# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1534 1535# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1536# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1537 1538############################################################################### 1539 1540# The International Date Line 1541 1542# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1543# 1544# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1545# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1546# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1547# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1548# 1549# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1550# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1551# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1552# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1553# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1554# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1555# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1556# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1557# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1558# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1559# correct date is ambiguous. 1560 1561# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1562# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1563# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1564# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1565# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1566# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1567# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1568# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1569# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1570# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1571# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1572# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1573# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1574 1575# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1576# (2005-03-20): 1577# 1578# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1579# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1580# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1581# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1582