1# @(#)australasia 8.7 2# <pre> 3 4# This file also includes Pacific islands. 5 6# Notes are at the end of this file 7 8############################################################################### 9 10# Australia 11 12# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 13 14# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 16Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 17Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 18Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 20Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 21Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 22# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 23# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 24# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 25 26# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 27# Northern Territory 28Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 29 9:00 - CST 1899 May 30 9:30 Aus CST 31# Western Australia 32# 33# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 35Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 36Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 37Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 38Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 39Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 40Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 41Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 42Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 43Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 44 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 45 8:00 AW WST 46Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 47 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 48 8:45 AW CWST 49 50# Queensland 51# 52# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 53# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 54# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 55# Queensland ceased to. 56# 57# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 58# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 59# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 60# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 61# so use Lindeman. 62# 63# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 64Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 65Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 66Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 67Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 68Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 69Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 70Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 71 10:00 Aus EST 1971 72 10:00 AQ EST 73Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 74 10:00 Aus EST 1971 75 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 76 10:00 Holiday EST 77 78# South Australia 79# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 80Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 81Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 82Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 83Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 84Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 85Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 86Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 87Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 88Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 89Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 90Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 91Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 92Rule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 93Rule AS 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 95Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 96 9:00 - CST 1899 May 97 9:30 Aus CST 1971 98 9:30 AS CST 99 100# Tasmania 101# 102# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 103# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 104# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 105# 106# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 107Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 108Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 109Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 110Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 111Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 112Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 113Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 114Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 115Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 116Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 117Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 118Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 119Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 120Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 121Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 122Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 123Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 124Rule AT 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 125# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 126Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 127 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 128 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 129 10:00 Aus EST 1967 130 10:00 AT EST 131Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 132 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 133 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 134 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 135 10:00 AT EST 136 137# Victoria 138# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 139Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 140Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 141Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 142Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 143Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 144Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 145Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 146Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 147Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 148Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 149Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 150Rule AV 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 151# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 152Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 153 10:00 Aus EST 1971 154 10:00 AV EST 155 156# New South Wales 157# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 158Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 159Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 160Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 161Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 162Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 163Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 164Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 165Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 166Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 167Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 168Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 169Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 170Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 171Rule AN 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 172# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 173Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 174 10:00 Aus EST 1971 175 10:00 AN EST 176Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 177 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 178 9:00 - CST 1899 May 179 9:30 Aus CST 1971 180 9:30 AN CST 2000 181 9:30 AS CST 182 183# Lord Howe Island 184# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 185Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 186Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 187Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 188Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 189Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 190Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 191Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 192Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 193Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 194Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 195Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 196Rule LH 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 197Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 198 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 199 10:30 LH LHST 200 201# Australian miscellany 202# 203# Ashmore Is, Cartier 204# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 205# no times are set 206# 207# Coral Sea Is 208# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 209# no times are set 210# 211# Macquarie 212# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 213# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 214# like Australia/Hobart 215 216# Christmas 217# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 218Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 219 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 220 221# Cook Is 222# From Shanks & Pottenger: 223# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 224Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 225Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 226Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 227# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 228Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 229 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 230 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 231 232# Cocos 233# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 234# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 235# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 236Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 237 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 238 239# Fiji 240# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 241Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 242Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 243# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 244Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 245 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 246 247# French Polynesia 248# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 249Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 250 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 251Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 252 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 253Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 254 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 255# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 256# it is uninhabited. 257 258# Guam 259# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 260Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 261 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 262 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 263 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 264 265# Kiribati 266# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 267Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 268 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 269Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 270 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 271 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 272 13:00 - PHOT 273Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 274 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 275 -10:00 - LINT 1995 276 14:00 - LINT 277 278# N Mariana Is 279# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 280Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 281 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 282 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 283 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 284 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 285 286# Marshall Is 287# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 288Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 289 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 290 12:00 - MHT 291Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 292 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 293 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 294 12:00 - MHT 295 296# Micronesia 297# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 298Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 299 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 300Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 301 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 302Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 303 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 304 12:00 - KOST 1999 305 11:00 - KOST 306 307# Nauru 308# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 309Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 310 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 311 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 312 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 313 12:00 - NRT 314 315# New Caledonia 316# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 317Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 318Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 319Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 320# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 321Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 322# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 323Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 324 11:00 NC NC%sT 325 326 327############################################################################### 328 329# New Zealand 330 331# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 332Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 333Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 334Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 335Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 336Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 337Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 338Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 339# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 340# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 341Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 342Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 343Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 344Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 345Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 346Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 347Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 348Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 349Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 350Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 351Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 352Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 353Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 354Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 355Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 356Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 357Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 358Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 359# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 360Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 361 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 362 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 363Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 364 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 365 366 367# Auckland Is 368# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 369# and scientific personnel have wintered 370 371# Campbell I 372# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 373# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 374# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 375# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 376 377############################################################################### 378 379 380# Niue 381# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 382Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 383 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 384 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 385 -11:00 - NUT 386 387# Norfolk 388# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 389Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 390 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 391 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 392 393# Palau (Belau) 394# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 395Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 396 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 397 398# Papua New Guinea 399# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 400Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 401 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 402 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 403 404# Pitcairn 405# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 406Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 407 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 408 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 409 410# American Samoa 411Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 412 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 413 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 414 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 415 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 416 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 417 418# Samoa 419Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 420 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 421 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 422 -11:00 - WST # Samoa Time 423 424# Solomon Is 425# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 426# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 427Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 428 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 429 430# Tokelau Is 431# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 432Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 433 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 434 435# Tonga 436# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 437Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 438Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 439Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 440Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 441# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 442Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 443 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 444 13:00 - TOT 1999 445 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 446 447# Tuvalu 448# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 449Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 450 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 451 452 453# US minor outlying islands 454 455# Howland, Baker 456# uninhabited since World War II 457# no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago 458 459# Jarvis 460# uninhabited since 1958 461# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 462 463# Johnston 464# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 465Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 466 467# Kingman 468# uninhabited 469 470# Midway 471# 472# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 473# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 474# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 475# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 476# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 477# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 478# designations that I've never seen before:.... 479# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 480# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 481# 482Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 483 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 484 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 485 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 486 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 487 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 488 489# Palmyra 490# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 491 492# Wake 493# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 494Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 495 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 496 497 498# Vanuatu 499# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 500Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 501Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 502Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 503Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 504Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 505Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 506# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 507Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 508 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 509 510# Wallis and Futuna 511# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 512Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 513 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 514 515############################################################################### 516 517# NOTES 518 519# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 520# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 521# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 522 523# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 524# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 525# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 526# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 527# 528# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 529# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 530# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 531# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 532# of the IATA's data after 1990. 533# 534# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 535# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 536# 537# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 538# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 539# I found in the UCLA library. 540# 541# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 542# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 543# 544# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 545# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 546# Corrections are welcome! 547# std dst 548# LMT Local Mean Time 549# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 550# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 551# 9:00 JST Japan 552# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 553# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 554# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 555# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 556# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 557# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 558# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 559# -11:00 SST Samoa 560# -10:00 HST Hawaii 561# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 562# 563# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 564# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 565 566############################################################################### 567 568# Australia 569 570# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 571# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 572# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 573# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 574 575# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 576# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 577# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 578# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 579 580# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 581# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 582# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 583# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 584# abbreviation does _not_ change... 585# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 586# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 587# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 588# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 589# time'. 590# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 591# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 592# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 593# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 594# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 595# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 596# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 597 598# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 599# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 600# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 601# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 602# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 603 604# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 605# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 606# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 607# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 608# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 609 610# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 611# versus "AEST" etc.: 612# 613# I see the following points of dispute: 614# 615# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 616# 617# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 618# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 619# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 620# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 621# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 622# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 623# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 624# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 625# 626# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 627# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 628# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 629# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 630# 631# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 632# 633# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 634# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 635# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 636# Time, for example. 637# 638# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 639# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 640# tiebreaker. 641# 642# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 643# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 644# the word "Australian"? 645# 646# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 647# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 648# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 649# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 650# following count of page hits: 651# 652# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 653# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 654# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 655# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 656# 657# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 658# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 659# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 660# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 661# 662# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 663# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 664# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 665# are the hit counts anyway: 666# 667# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 668# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 669# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 670# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 671# 672# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 673# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 674# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 675# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 676# 677# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 678# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 679# 680# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 681# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 682# the ambiguities involved. 683# 684# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 685# 686# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 687# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 688# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 689# understood in Australia. 690 691# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 692# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 693# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 694# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 695# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 696# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 697# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 698 699# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 700# 701# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 702# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 703# relevant entries in this database. 704# 705# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 706# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 707# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 708# </a> 709# ACT 710# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 711# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 712# </a> 713# SA 714# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 715# Standard Time Act, 1898 716# </a> 717 718# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 719# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 720# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 721# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 722# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 723# 724# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 725# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 726# to extend DST together in 2006. 727# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 728# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 729# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 730# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 731# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 732# allude to it. 733# But not Queensland 734# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 735 736# Northern Territory 737 738# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 739# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 740# # [ Nov 1990 ] 741# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 742# ... 743# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 744 745# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 746# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 747# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 748 749# Western Australia 750 751# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 752# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 753# # [ Nov 1990 ] 754# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 755# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 756# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 757# # before reaching parliament. 758# ... 759# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 760# ... 761# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 762# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 763# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 764# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 765 766# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 767# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 768# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 769 770# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 771# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 772# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 773# work at 9.00am.) 774# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 775# everybody again. 776 777# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 778# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 779# it matches what was used in the past. 780 781# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 782# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 783# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 784# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 785 786# Queensland 787# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 788# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 789# # [ Dec 1990 ] 790# ... 791# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 792# ... 793# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 794# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 795# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 796# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 797 798# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 799# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 800# October 1989). 801 802# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 803# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 804# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 805# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 806 807# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 808# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 809# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 810# me.) 811 812# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 813# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 814# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 815# ... 816# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 817# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 818# ... 819 820# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 821# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 822 823# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 824# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 825# WA are trialing DST for three years. 826# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 827 828# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 829# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 830# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 831# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 832# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 833# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 834# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 835# Australia and Western Australia.... 836# 837# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 838# This is confirmed by the section entitled 839# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 840# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 841# 842# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 843# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 844# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 845# coast of the continent. 846# 847# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 848# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 849# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 850# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 851# the largest population centre in this zone.... 852# 853# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 854# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 855# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 856# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 857# 858# (2006-12-09): 859# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 860# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 861# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 862# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 863 864# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 865# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 866# introduction of standard time in 1895. 867 868 869# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria 870 871# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 872# The rules from version 7.1 follow. 873# There are lots of differences between these rules and 874# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules 875# and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on 876# current DST ending dates, no worries. 877# 878# Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 879# Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 - 880# Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 - 881# Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 882# Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 883# Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST 884# Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST 885# Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00 886# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun>=15 3:00 887# 10:00 Oz EST 888 889# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 890# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct... 891# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the 892# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states 893# that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic). 894# The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think 895# that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain. 896 897# South Australia 898 899# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 900# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 901# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 902# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 903 904# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 905# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 906# # [ Nov 1990 ] 907# ... 908# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 909# ... 910# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 911# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 912# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 913# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 914 915# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 916# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 917# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 918# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 919 920# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 921# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 922# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 923# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 924# is on... 925 926# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 927# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 928# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 929# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 930 931# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 932# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 933# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 934# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 935 936# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 937# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 938# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 939# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 940 941# Tasmania 942 943# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 944# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 945# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 946# # [ Nov 1990 ] 947 948# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 949# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 950# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 951# (but nothing new about that). 952 953# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 954# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 955# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 956# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 957# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 958# instead of the first Sunday in October. 959 960# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 961# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 962 963# Victoria 964 965# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 966# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 967# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 968# # [ Nov 1990 ] 969 970# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 971# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 972# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 973# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 974# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 975# in Melbourne, Australia. 976# 977# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 978# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 979# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 980# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 981# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 982# expected time. 983# 984# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 985# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 986# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 987# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 988# 989# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 990# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 991 992# New South Wales 993 994# From Arthur David Olson: 995# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 996# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 997# who notes: 998# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 999# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1000# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1001# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1002# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1003# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1004 1005# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1006# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1007# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1008# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1009# Two months more daylight saving 1010# </a> 1011# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1012 1013# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1014# See the following official NSW source: 1015# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1016# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1017# </a> 1018# 1019# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1020# daylight saving next year. See: 1021# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1022# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1023# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1024# 1025# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1026# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1027# Vic to extend daylight saving 1028# </a> (1999-07-28). 1029# 1030# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1031# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1032# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1033# </a> (1999-07-19). 1034# 1035# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1036# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1037# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1038# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1039# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1040# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1041# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1042# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1043# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1044# 1045# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1046# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1047# Broken Hill to be behind the times 1048# </a> (1999-07-21). 1049 1050# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1051# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1052# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1053 1054# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1055# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1056# towns to use Queensland time. 1057 1058# Yancowinna 1059 1060# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1061# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1062 1063# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1064# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1065# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1066# ... 1067# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1068# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1069# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1070# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1071# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1072# # presently available. 1073# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1074# ... 1075# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1076# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1077# [followed by other Rules] 1078 1079# Lord Howe Island 1080 1081# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1082# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1083# [ Dec 1990 ] 1084# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1085# hour ahead of NSW time. 1086 1087# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1088# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1089# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1090# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1091# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1092# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1093# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 1094# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1095# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1096# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1097 1098# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1099# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1100# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1101# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1102# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1103# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1104 1105# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1106# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1107# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1108 1109############################################################################### 1110 1111# New Zealand 1112 1113# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1114# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1115# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1116# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1117# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1118 1119# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1120# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1121# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1122# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1123# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1124# ... 1125# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1126# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1127# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1128# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1129# ... 1130# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1131# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1132 1133# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1134# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1135# rather than the October 1 value. 1136 1137# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1138# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1139# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1140# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1141# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1142# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1143# 1144# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1145# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1146# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1147# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1148# 1149# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1150# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1151# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1152 1153# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1154# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1155# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1156# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1157# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1158 1159############################################################################### 1160 1161 1162# Fiji 1163 1164# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1165# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1166# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1167 1168# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1169# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1170# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1171# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1172 1173# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1174# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1175 1176# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1177# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1178# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1179# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1180# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1181# millenium. 1182 1183# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1184# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1185 1186# Johnston 1187 1188# Johnston data is from usno1995. 1189 1190 1191# Kiribati 1192 1193# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1194# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1195# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1196# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1197 1198 1199# Kwajalein 1200 1201# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1202# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1203# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1204# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1205# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1206 1207 1208# N Mariana Is, Guam 1209 1210# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1211# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1212# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1213# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1214# see Asia/Manila. 1215 1216# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1217# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1218# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1219# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1220 1221 1222# Micronesia 1223 1224# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1225# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1226# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1227# 1228# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1229# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1230 1231# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1232# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1233# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1234# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1235# </a> (1999-01-26) 1236# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1237# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1238 1239 1240# Midway 1241 1242# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1243# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1244# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1245# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1246# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1247# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1248# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1249# air at 6am your time. 1250# 1251# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1252# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1253# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1254# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1255 1256 1257# Pitcairn 1258 1259# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1260# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1261# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1262# 1263# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1264# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1265# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1266# 1267# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1268# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1269# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1270 1271# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1272# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1273# ... at midnight. 1274 1275# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1276# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1277# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1278# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1279 1280 1281# Samoa 1282 1283# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1284# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1285# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1286# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1287# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1288 1289 1290# Tonga 1291 1292# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1293# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1294# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1295# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1296 1297# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1298# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1299# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1300# </a>: 1301 1302# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1303# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1304# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1305# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1306# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1307# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1308# 1309# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1310# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1311# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1312# 1313# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1314# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1315# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1316# minutes we have lost?" 1317# 1318# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1319# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1320# to say your prayers in the morning." 1321 1322# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1323# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1324 1325# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1326# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1327# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1328# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1329# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1330# Government. 1331 1332# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1333# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1334# 1335# I was given this link by John Letts: 1336# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1337# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1338# </a> 1339# 1340# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1341# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1342# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1343# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1344 1345# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1346# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html> 1347# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1348# </a>: 1349# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1350# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1351# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1352# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1353# set back an hour on the closing date." 1354# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1355 1356# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1357# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1358# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1359 1360# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1361# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1362# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1363# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1364# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1365# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1366# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1367 1368# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1369# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1370 1371# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1372# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1373# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1374# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1375# hour to 1:00am. 1376 1377# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1378# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1379 1380 1381# Wake 1382 1383# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1384# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1385# 1386# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1387# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1388# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1389# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1390# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1391# impossible. 1392# 1393# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1394 1395# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1396# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1397 1398############################################################################### 1399 1400# The International Date Line 1401 1402# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1403# 1404# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1405# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1406# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1407# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1408# 1409# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1410# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1411# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1412# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1413# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1414# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1415# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1416# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1417# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1418# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1419# correct date is ambiguous. 1420 1421# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1422# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1423# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1424# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1425# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1426# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1427# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1428# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1429# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1430# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1431# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1432# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1433# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1434 1435# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1436# (2005-03-20): 1437# 1438# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1439# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1440# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1441# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1442