1# tzdb data for Australasia and environs, and for much of the Pacific 2 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file also includes Pacific islands. 7 8# Notes are at the end of this file 9 10############################################################################### 11 12# Australia 13 14# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 15 16# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 17Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 18Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 20Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 21Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 22Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 23Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 24# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 25# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 26# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 27 28# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 29# Northern Territory 30Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 31 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 32 9:30 Aus AC%sT 33# Western Australia 34# 35# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 36Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 37Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 38Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 39Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 40Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 41Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 42Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 43Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 44Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 45Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 46 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 47 8:00 AW AW%sT 48Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 49 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul 50 8:45 AW +0845/+0945 51 52# Queensland 53# 54# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 55# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 56# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 57# Queensland ceased to. 58# 59# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 60# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 61# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 62# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 63# so use Lindeman. 64# 65# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 66# There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday 67# islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the 68# north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and 69# Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone 70# applies to all of the Whitsundays. 71# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands 72# 73# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 74Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 75Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 76Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 77Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 78Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 79Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 80Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 81 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 82 10:00 AQ AE%sT 83Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 84 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 85 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 86 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 87 88# South Australia 89# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 90Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 91Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 92Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 93Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 94Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 95Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 96Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 97Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 98Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 99Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 100Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 101Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 102Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 103Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 104Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 105# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 106Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 107 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 108 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 109 9:30 AS AC%sT 110 111# Tasmania 112# 113# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 114# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 115# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 116# 117# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 118Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 119Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 120Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 121Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 122Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 123Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 124Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 125Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 126Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 127Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 128Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 129Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 130Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 131Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 132Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 133Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 134Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 135Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 136Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 137# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 138Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 139 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 140 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 141 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 142 10:00 AT AE%sT 143Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 144 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 145 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 146 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 147 10:00 AT AE%sT 148 149# Victoria 150# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 151Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 152Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 153Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 154Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 155Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 156Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 157Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 158Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 159Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 160Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 161Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 162Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 163Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 164Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 165# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 166Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 167 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 168 10:00 AV AE%sT 169 170# New South Wales 171# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 172Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 173Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 174Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 175Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 176Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 177Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 178Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 179Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 180Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 181Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 182Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 183Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 184Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 185Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 186Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 187Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 188# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 189Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 190 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 191 10:00 AN AE%sT 192Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 193 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 194 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 195 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 196 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 197 9:30 AS AC%sT 198 199# Lord Howe Island 200# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 201Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 202Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 203Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 204Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 205Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 206Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 207Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 208Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 209Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 210Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 211Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 212Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 213Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 214Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 215Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 216 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 217 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul 218 10:30 LH +1030/+11 219 220# Australian miscellany 221# 222# Ashmore Is, Cartier 223# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 224# no times are set 225# 226# Coral Sea Is 227# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 228# no times are set 229# 230# Macquarie 231# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 232# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 233# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 234# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 235# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 236# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 237# 238# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 239# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 240# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 241# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 242# on 4 April. 243# 244# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 245# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 246# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 247# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 248# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 249Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 250 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 251 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 252 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 253 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 254 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 255 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 256 10:00 1:00 AEDT 2011 257 10:00 AT AE%sT 258 259# Christmas 260# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 261Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 262 7:00 - +07 263 264# Cocos (Keeling) Is 265# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 266# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 267# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 268Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 269 6:30 - +0630 270 271 272# Fiji 273 274# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 275 276# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 277# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 278# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 279# 280# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 281# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 282# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 283 284# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 285# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 286# amendments: 287# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 288 289# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 290# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 291# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 292# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 293# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 294# 295# Official source: 296# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 297# 298# A bit more background info here: 299# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 300 301# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 302# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 303# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 304# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 305# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 306# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 307# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 308 309# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 310# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 311# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 312# 313# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 314# which says 315# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 316# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 317# 2am on February 26 next year. 318 319# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 320# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 321# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 322# 323# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 324# states: 325# 326# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 327# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 328# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 329# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 330 331# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 332# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 333# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 334# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 335# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 336 337# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 338# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 339# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 340# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 341 342# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 343# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 344# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 345 346# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 347# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 348# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 349 350# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 351# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 352# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 353# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 354# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 355# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 356 357# From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): 358# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx 359# "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when 360# clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will 361# end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." 362 363# From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21): 364# Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing 365# Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27), 366# [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate. 367 368# From Raymond Kumar (2018-07-13): 369# http://www.fijitimes.com/government-approves-2018-daylight-saving/ 370# ... The daylight saving period will end at 3am on Sunday January 13, 2019. 371 372# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-06): 373# Today Raymond Kumar reported the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 27 374# (2019-08-02) said that Fiji observes DST "commencing at 2.00 am on 375# Sunday, 10 November 2019 and ending at 3.00 am on Sunday, 12 January 2020." 376# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the second Sunday in November to 03:00 377# the first Sunday on or after January 12. January transitions reportedly 378# depend on when school terms start. Although the guess is ad hoc, it matches 379# transitions planned this year and seems more likely to match future practice 380# than guessing no DST. 381# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-06): 382# https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/downloadfile/848 383 384# From Raymond Kumar (2020-10-08): 385# [DST in Fiji] is from December 20th 2020, till 17th January 2021. 386# From Alan Mintz (2020-10-08): 387# https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/GetFile/1071 388# From Tim Parenti (2020-10-08): 389# https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Daylight-saving-from-Dec-20th-this-year-to-Jan-17th-2021-8rf4x5/ 390# "Minister for Employment, Parveen Bala says they had never thought of 391# stopping daylight saving. He says it was just to decide on when it should 392# start and end. Bala says it is a short period..." 393# Since the end date is still in line with our ongoing predictions, assume for 394# now that the later-than-usual start date is a one-time departure from the 395# recent second Sunday in November pattern. 396 397# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 398Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 399Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 400Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 - 401Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 402Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 - 403Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 404Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 405Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 406Rule Fiji 2014 2018 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 407Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=12 3:00 0 - 408Rule Fiji 2019 only - Nov Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 - 409Rule Fiji 2020 only - Dec 20 2:00 1:00 - 410Rule Fiji 2021 max - Nov Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 - 411# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 412Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 413 12:00 Fiji +12/+13 414 415# French Polynesia 416# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 417Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 418 -9:00 - -09 419Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 420 -9:30 - -0930 421Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 422 -10:00 - -10 423# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 424# it is uninhabited. 425 426# Guam 427 428# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 429# http://guamlegislature.com/Public_Laws_5th/PL05-025.pdf 430# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-59-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-May-6-1959.pdf 431Rule Guam 1959 only - Jun 27 2:00 1:00 D 432# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-61-5-Revocation-of-Daylight-Saving-Time-and-Restoratio.pdf 433Rule Guam 1961 only - Jan 29 2:00 0 S 434# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-67-13-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 435Rule Guam 1967 only - Sep 1 2:00 1:00 D 436# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-2-Repeal-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 437Rule Guam 1969 only - Jan 26 0:01 0 S 438# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 439Rule Guam 1969 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D 440Rule Guam 1969 only - Aug 31 2:00 0 S 441# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 442# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-30-End-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 443# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-71-5-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 444Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 445Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 446# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-73-28.-Guam-Day-light-Saving-Time.pdf 447Rule Guam 1973 only - Dec 16 2:00 1:00 D 448# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-74-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-Rescinded.pdf 449Rule Guam 1974 only - Feb 24 2:00 0 S 450# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-13-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 451Rule Guam 1976 only - May 26 2:00 1:00 D 452# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-25-Revocation-of-E.O.-76-13.pdf 453Rule Guam 1976 only - Aug 22 2:01 0 S 454# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-4-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 455Rule Guam 1977 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 D 456# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-18-Guam-Standard-Time.pdf 457Rule Guam 1977 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 S 458 459# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 460Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 461 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 462 10:00 - GST 1941 Dec 10 # Guam 463 9:00 - +09 1944 Jul 31 464 10:00 Guam G%sT 2000 Dec 23 465 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 466Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is 467 468# Kiribati 469# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 470Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 471 12:00 - +12 472Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 473 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct 474 -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31 475 13:00 - +13 476Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 477 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct 478 -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31 479 14:00 - +14 480 481# N Mariana Is 482# See Pacific/Guam. 483 484# Marshall Is 485# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 486Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 487 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 488 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 489 11:00 - +11 1937 490 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 491 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30 492 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 493 12:00 - +12 494Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 495 11:00 - +11 1937 496 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 497 9:00 - +09 1944 Feb 6 498 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 499 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 24:00 500 12:00 - +12 501 502# Micronesia 503# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 504Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 505 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 506 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct 507 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 508 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 509 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 510 10:00 - +10 511Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia 512 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 513 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 514 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 515 11:00 - +11 1937 516 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 517 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 518 11:00 - +11 519Zone Pacific/Kosrae -13:08:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 520 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 521 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 522 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 523 11:00 - +11 1937 524 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 525 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 526 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 527 12:00 - +12 1999 528 11:00 - +11 529 530# Nauru 531# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 532Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 533 11:30 - +1130 1942 Aug 29 534 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 8 535 11:30 - +1130 1979 Feb 10 2:00 536 12:00 - +12 537 538# New Caledonia 539# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 540Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - 541Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 542Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 - 543# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 544Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 545# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 546Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa 547 11:00 NC +11/+12 548 549 550############################################################################### 551 552# New Zealand 553 554# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 555Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 556Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 557Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 558Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 559Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 560Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 561Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 562# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but until 2018a 563# there was no documented single notation for the date and time of this 564# transition. Duplicate the Rule lines for now, to give the 2018a change 565# time to percolate out. 566Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 567Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 568Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 569Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 - 570Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 571Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 572Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 573Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 574Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 575Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 - 576Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 577Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 578Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 579Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 - 580Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 581Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 582Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 583Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 584# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 585Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 586 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 587 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 588Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 589 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1 590 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345 591 592Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 593 594# Auckland Is 595# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 596# and scientific personnel have wintered 597 598# Campbell I 599# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 600# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 601# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 602# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 603 604# Cook Is 605# From Shanks & Pottenger: 606# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 607Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 - 608Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 609Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 - 610# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 611Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 612 -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12 613 -10:00 Cook -10/-0930 614 615############################################################################### 616 617 618# Niue 619# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 620Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 621 -11:20 - -1120 1951 622 -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1 623 -11:00 - -11 624 625# Norfolk 626# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 627Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 628 11:12 - +1112 1951 629 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00s 630 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00s 631 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00s 632 11:00 - +11 2019 Jul 633 11:00 AN +11/+12 634 635# Palau (Belau) 636# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 637Zone Pacific/Palau -15:02:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Koror 638 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 639 9:00 - +09 640 641# Papua New Guinea 642# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 643Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 644 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 645 10:00 - +10 646# 647# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 648# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 649# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 650# 651# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates 652# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 653# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 654# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 655# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 656# https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 657# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 658# 659# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 660# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". 661# See: 662# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 663# 664Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 665 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 666 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul 667 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21 668 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00 669 11:00 - +11 670 671# Pitcairn 672# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 673Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 674 -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00 675 -8:00 - -08 676 677# American Samoa 678Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 679 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 680 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 681Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands 682 683# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 684 685# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 686# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 687# the following info: 688# 689# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 690# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 691# Sunday of April 2011." 692# 693# Background info: 694# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 695# 696# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 697# contain any dates: 698# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 699 700# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 701# Please see 702# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 703# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 704# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 705# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 706# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 707 708# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 709# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 710# 711# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 712# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 713# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 714# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 715 716# From David Zülke (2011-05-09): 717# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 718# 719# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 720 721# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 722# The International Date Line Act 2011 723# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 724# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 725# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 726# accordingly. 727 728# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 729# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 730# 731# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 732# 733# DST 734# Year End Time Start Time 735# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 736# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 737# 738# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 739# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 740# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 741# 742# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 743# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 744# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 745# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 746# 747# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 748# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 749# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 750 751# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 752Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 - 753Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 - 754Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 - 755Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 756Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 - 757# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 758Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 759 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 760 -11:30 - -1130 1950 761 -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00 762 13:00 WS +13/+14 763 764# Solomon Is 765# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 766# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 767Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 768 11:00 - +11 769 770# Tokelau 771# 772# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 773# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 774# December 31 this year ... 775# 776# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 777# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 778# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 779# Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 780# actually was to UT-11 back then. 781# 782# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 783# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 784# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 785# <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 786# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 787# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 788 789# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 790Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 791 -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30 792 13:00 - +13 793 794# Tonga 795# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 796Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 - 797Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 798Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 799Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 800Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 801Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 802# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 803Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 804 12:20 - +1220 1941 805 13:00 - +13 1999 806 13:00 Tonga +13/+14 807 808# Tuvalu 809# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 810Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 811 12:00 - +12 812 813 814# US minor outlying islands 815 816# Howland, Baker 817# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 818# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 819# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 820# uninhabited thereafter. 821# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; 822# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 823# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 824# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 825# until they were abandoned after the war. 826 827# Jarvis 828# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 829# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 830# uninhabited thereafter. 831# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 832 833# Johnston 834# 835# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 836# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 837# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 838# treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, 839# its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. 840# 841# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 842# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 843# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 844# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 845# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 846# 847# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 848# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 849# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 850# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 851# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 852# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 853# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 854# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 855# https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 856# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 857# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 858# Minus One Hour". 859 860# Kingman 861# uninhabited 862 863# Midway 864# See Pacific/Pago_Pago. 865 866# Palmyra 867# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 868 869# Wake 870# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 871Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 872 12:00 - +12 873 874 875# Vanuatu 876# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 877Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 - 878Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 879Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 - 880Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 - 881Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 882Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 - 883# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 884Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 885 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 886 887# Wallis and Futuna 888# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 889Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 890 12:00 - +12 891 892############################################################################### 893 894# NOTES 895 896# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 897# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 898# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 899# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 900 901# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 902# 903# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 904# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 905# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 906# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 907# 908# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 909# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 910# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 911# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 912# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 913# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 914# 915# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 916# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 917# I found in the UCLA library. 918# 919# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 920# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 921# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 922# 923# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 924# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 925# 926# I invented the abbreviation marked "*". 927# The following abbreviations are from other sources. 928# Corrections are welcome! 929# std dst 930# LMT Local Mean Time 931# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 932# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 933# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 934# 10:00 GST GDT* Guam through 2000 935# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 936# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 937# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 938# -11:00 SST Samoa 939# -10:00 HST Hawaii 940# 941# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 942# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. 943 944############################################################################### 945 946# Australia 947 948# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 949# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 950# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 951# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 952# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 953# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 954# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 955# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 956# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 957# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 958# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 959# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 960 961# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 962# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 963# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 964# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 965 966# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 967# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 968# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 969# covers New South Wales in particular. 970 971# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 972# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 973# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 974# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 975# abbreviation does _not_ change... 976# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 977# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 978# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 979# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 980# time'. 981# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 982# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 983# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 984# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 985# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 986# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 987# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 988 989# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 990# 991# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 992# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 993# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 994# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 995# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 996# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 997# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 998# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 999# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 1000# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 1001# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 1002# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 1003# 1004# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 1005# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 1006# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 1007# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 1008# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 1009# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 1010# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 1011# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 1012# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 1013# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 1014# 1015# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 1016# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 1017# 1018# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 1019# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 1020# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 1021# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 1022# 1023# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 1024# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 1025# 1026# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 1027# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 1028# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 1029# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 1030# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 1031# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 1032# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 1033# 1034# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 1035# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 1036# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 1037# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 1038# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 1039# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 1040# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 1041# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 1042# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 1043# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 1044# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 1045# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 1046# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 1047# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 1048# 1049# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 1050# 1051# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 1052# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 1053# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 1054# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 1055# 1056# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 1057# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 1058# EST CST WST EDT CDT 1059# 1060# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 1061# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 1062# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 1063# 1064# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 1065# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 1066# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 1067# 1068# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 1069# https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 1070# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 1071# 1072# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 1073# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 1074# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 1075# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 1076# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 1077# appear in reports of events with international implications. 1078# 1079# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 1080# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 1081# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 1082# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 1083# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 1084# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 1085# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 1086# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 1087# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 1088 1089# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1090# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1091# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1092# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1093# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1094# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 1095# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1096 1097# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1098# 1099# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1100# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1101# relevant entries in this database. 1102# 1103# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1104# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1105# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 1106# ACT 1107# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1108# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 1109# SA 1110# Standard Time Act, 1898 1111# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 1112 1113# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1114# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1115# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1116# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1117# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1118# 1119# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1120# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1121# to extend DST together in 2006. 1122# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1123# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1124# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1125# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1126# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1127# allude to it. 1128# But not Queensland 1129# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1130 1131# Northern Territory 1132 1133# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1134# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1135# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1136# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1137# ... 1138# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1139 1140# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1141# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1142# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1143 1144# Western Australia 1145 1146# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1147# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1148# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1149# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1150# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1151# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1152# # before reaching parliament. 1153# ... 1154# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1155# ... 1156# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1157# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1158# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1159# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1160 1161# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1162# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1163# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1164 1165# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1166# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1167# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1168# work at 9.00am.) 1169# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1170# everybody again. 1171 1172# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1173# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1174# it matches what was used in the past. 1175 1176# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1177# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1178# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1179# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1180 1181# From Paul Eggert (2018-04-01): 1182# The Guardian Express of Perth, Australia reported today that the 1183# government decided to advance the clocks permanently on January 1, 1184# 2019, from UT +08 to UT +09. The article noted that an exemption 1185# would be made for people aged 61 and over, who "can apply in writing 1186# to have the extra hour of sunshine removed from their area." See: 1187# Daylight saving coming to WA in 2019. Guardian Express. 2018-04-01. 1188# https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/ 1189 1190# Queensland 1191 1192# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26): 1193# I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST: 1194# Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland. 1195# Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403 1196# https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS 1197 1198# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1199# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1200# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1201# ... 1202# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1203# ... 1204# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1205# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1206# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1207# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1208 1209# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1210# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1211# October 1989). 1212 1213# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1214# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1215# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1216# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1217 1218# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1219# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1220# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1221# me.) 1222 1223# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1224# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1225# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1226# ... 1227# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1228# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1229# ... 1230 1231# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1232# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1233 1234# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1235# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1236# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1237# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1238 1239# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1240# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1241# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1242# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1243# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1244# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1245# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1246# Australia and Western Australia.... 1247# 1248# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1249# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1250# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1251# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1252# 1253# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1254# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1255# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1256# coast of the continent. 1257# 1258# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1259# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1260# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1261# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1262# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1263# 1264# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1265# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1266# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1267# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1268# 1269# (2006-12-09): 1270# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1271# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1272# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1273# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1274# 1275# From Gilmore Davidson (2019-04-08): 1276# https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-08/this-remote-stretch-of-desert-has-its-own-custom-time-zone/10981000 1277# ... include[s] a rough description of the geographical boundaries... 1278# "The time zone exists for about 340 kilometres and takes in the tiny 1279# roadhouse communities of Cocklebiddy, Madura, Eucla and Border Village." 1280# ... and an indication that the zone has definitely been in existence 1281# since before the 1970 cut-off of the database ... 1282# From Paul Eggert (2019-05-17): 1283# That ABC Esperance story by Christien de Garis also says: 1284# Although the Central Western Time Zone is not officially recognised (your 1285# phones won't automatically change), there is a sign instructing you which 1286# way to wind your clocks 45 minutes and scrawled underneath one of them in 1287# Texta is the word: 'Why'? 1288# "Good question," Mr Pike said. 1289# "I don't even know that, and it's been going for over 50 years." 1290 1291# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1292# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1293# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1294 1295 1296# southeast Australia 1297# 1298# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1299# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1300# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1301# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1302 1303 1304# South Australia 1305 1306# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1307# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1308# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1309# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1310 1311# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1312# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1313# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1314# ... 1315# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1316# ... 1317# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1318# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1319# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1320# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1321 1322# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1323# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1324# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1325# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1326 1327# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1328# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1329# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1330# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1331# is on... 1332 1333# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1334# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1335# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1336# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1337 1338# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1339# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1340# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1341# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1342 1343# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1344# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1345# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1346# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1347 1348# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1349# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1350 1351# Tasmania 1352 1353# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1354# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1355# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1356# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1357 1358# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1359# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1360# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1361# (but nothing new about that). 1362 1363# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1364# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1365# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1366# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1367# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1368# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1369 1370# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1371# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1372 1373# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1374# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1375 1376# Victoria 1377 1378# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1379# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1380# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1381# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1382 1383# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1384# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1385# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1386# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1387# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1388# in Melbourne, Australia. 1389# 1390# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1391# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1392# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1393# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1394# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1395# expected time. 1396# 1397# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1398# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1399# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1400# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1401# 1402# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1403# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1404 1405# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1406# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1407 1408# New South Wales 1409 1410# From Arthur David Olson: 1411# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1412# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1413# who notes: 1414# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1415# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1416# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1417# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1418# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1419# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1420 1421# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1422# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1423# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1424# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1425# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1426 1427# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1428# See the following official NSW source: 1429# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1430# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1431# 1432# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1433# daylight saving next year. See: 1434# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1435# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1436# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1437# 1438# Victoria will follow NSW. See: 1439# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1440# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1441# 1442# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1443# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1444# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1445# 1446# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1447# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1448# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1449# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1450# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1451# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1452# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1453# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1454# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1455# 1456# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1457# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1458# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1459 1460# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1461# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1462# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1463 1464# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1465# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1466# towns to use Queensland time. 1467 1468# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1469# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1470 1471# Yancowinna 1472 1473# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1474# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1475 1476# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1477# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1478# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1479# ... 1480# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1481# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1482# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1483# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1484# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1485# # presently available. 1486# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1487# ... 1488# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1489# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1490# [followed by other Rules] 1491 1492# Lord Howe Island 1493 1494# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1495# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1496# [ Dec 1990 ] 1497# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1498# hour ahead of NSW time. 1499 1500# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1501# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1502# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1503# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1504# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1505# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1506# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1507# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1508# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1509# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1510 1511# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1512# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1513# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1514# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1515# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1516# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1517 1518# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1519# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1520# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1521 1522# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1523# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1524 1525# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1526# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1527# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1528# summer (southern hemisphere). 1529# 1530# From 1531# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1532# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1533# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1534# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1535# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1536# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1537# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1538# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1539# 1540# We have a wrap-up here: 1541# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1542############################################################################### 1543 1544# New Zealand 1545 1546# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1547# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1548# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1549# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1550# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1551 1552# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1553# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1554# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1555# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1556# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1557# ... 1558# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1559# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1560# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1561# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1562# ... 1563# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1564# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1565 1566# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1567# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1568# rather than the October 1 value. 1569 1570# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1571# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1572# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1573# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1574# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1575# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1576# 1577# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1578# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1579# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references. 1580# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1581# 1582# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1583# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1584# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1585 1586# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1587# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1588# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1589# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1590# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1591 1592# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1593# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1594# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1595# https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1596# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1597# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1598# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1599# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1600# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1601# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1602# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1603# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1604 1605############################################################################### 1606 1607 1608# Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands and Marcus Island (Minami-Tori-shima) 1609 1610# From Wakaba (2019-01-28) via Phake Nick: 1611# National Diet Library of Japan has several reports by Japanese Government 1612# officers that describe the time used in islands when they visited there. 1613# According to them (and other sources such as newspapers), standard time UTC 1614# + 10 (JST + 1) and DST UTC + 11 (JST + 2) was used until its return to Japan 1615# at 1968-06-26 00:00 JST. The exact periods of DST are still unknown. 1616# I guessed Guam, Mariana, and Bonin and Marcus districts might have 1617# synchronized their DST periods, but reports imply they had their own 1618# decisions, i.e. there were three or more different time zones.... 1619# 1620# https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/小笠原諸島の標準時 1621 1622# From Phake Nick (2019-02-12): 1623# Because their last time change to return to Japanese time when they returned 1624# to Japanese rule was right before 1970, ... per the current tz database 1625# rule, the information doesn't warrant creation of a new timezone for Bonin 1626# Islands itself and is thus as an anecdotal note for interest purpose only. 1627# ... [The abovementioned link] described some special timekeeping phenomenon 1628# regarding Marcus island, another remote island currently owned by Japanese 1629# in the same administrative unit as Bonin Islands. Many reports claim that 1630# the American coastal guard on the American quarter of the island use its own 1631# coastal guard time, and most sources describe the time as UTC+11, being two 1632# hours faster than JST used by some Japanese personnel on the island. Some 1633# sites describe it as same as Wake Island/Guam time although it would be 1634# incorrect to be same as Guam. And then in a few Japanese governmental 1635# report from 1980s (from National Institute of Information and Communications 1636# Technology) regarding the construction of VLBI facility on the Marcus 1637# Island, it claimed that there are three time standards being used on the 1638# island at the time which include not just JST (UTC+9) or [US]CG time 1639# (UTC+11) but also a JMSDF time (UTC+10) (Japan Maritime Self-Defense 1640# Force). Unfortunately there are no other sources that mentioned such time 1641# and there are also no information on things like how the time was used. 1642 1643 1644# Fiji 1645 1646# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1647# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1648# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1649 1650# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1651# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1652# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1653# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1654 1655# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1656# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1657 1658# From the BBC World Service in 1659# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1660# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1661# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1662# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1663# of the new millennium. 1664 1665# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1666# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1667 1668 1669# Kiribati 1670 1671# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1672# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1673# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1674# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1675 1676# From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03): 1677# December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition 1678# would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995. 1679# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04): 1680# One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All: 1681# The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007). 1682 1683# Kwajalein 1684 1685# From an AP article (1993-08-22): 1686# "The nearly 3,000 Americans living on this remote Pacific atoll have a good 1687# excuse for not remembering Saturday night: there wasn't one. Residents were 1688# going to bed Friday night and waking up Sunday morning because at midnight 1689# -- 8 A.M. Eastern daylight time on Saturday -- Kwajalein was jumping from 1690# one side of the international date line to the other." 1691# "In Marshall Islands, Friday is followed by Sunday", NY Times. 1993-08-22. 1692# https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/world/in-marshall-islands-friday-is-followed-by-sunday.html 1693 1694# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1695# <https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時> ... pointed out that 1696# currently tzdata say Pacific/Kwajalein switched from GMT+11 to GMT-12 in 1697# 1969 October without explanation, however an 1993 article from NYT say it 1698# synchorized its day with US mainland about 40 years ago and thus the switch 1699# should occur at around 1950s instead. 1700# 1701# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1702# The NYT (actually, AP) article is vague and possibly wrong about this. 1703# The article says the earlier switch was "40 years ago when the United States 1704# Army established a missile test range here". However, the Kwajalein Test 1705# Center was established on 1960-10-01 and was run by the US Navy. It was 1706# transferred to the US Army on 1964-07-01. See "Seize the High Ground" 1707# <https://history.army.mil/html/books/070/70-88-1/cmhPub_70-88-1.pdf>. 1708# Given that Shanks was right on the money about the 1993 change, I'm inclined 1709# to take Shanks's word for the 1969 change unless we find better evidence. 1710 1711 1712# N Mariana Is, Guam 1713 1714# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1715# Guam Island was briefly annexed by Japan during ... year 1941-1944 ... 1716# however there are no detailed information about what time it use during that 1717# period. It would probably be reasonable to assume Guam use GMT+9 during 1718# that period of time like the surrounding area. 1719 1720# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1721# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1722# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1723# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1724# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1725# see Asia/Manila. 1726# 1727# Use 1941-12-10 and 1944-07-31 for Guam WWII transitions, as the rough start 1728# and end of Japanese control of Agana. We don't know whether the Northern 1729# Marianas followed Guam's DST rules from 1959 through 1977; for now, assume 1730# they did as that avoids the need for a separate zone due to our 1970 cutoff. 1731# 1732# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, 1733# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1734# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1735# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1736 1737# See also the commentary for Micronesia. 1738 1739 1740# Marshall Is 1741# See the commentary for Micronesia. 1742 1743 1744# Micronesia (and nearby) 1745 1746# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1747# Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies 1748# kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844. 1749 1750# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1751# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1752# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 1753# 1754# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 1755# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1756 1757# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1758# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1759# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1760# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1761# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. 1762# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. 1763 1764# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1765# 1766# From a Japanese wiki site https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時 1767# ... 1768# For "Southern Islands" (modern region of Mariana + Palau + Federation of 1769# Micronesia + Marshall Islands): 1770# 1771# A 1906 Japanese magazine shown the Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands 1772# who was occupied by Germany at the time as GMT+10, together with the like 1773# of German New Guinea. However there is a marking saying it have not been 1774# implemented (yet). No further information after that were found. 1775# 1776# Japan invaded those islands in 1914, and records shows that they were 1777# instructed to use JST at the time. 1778# 1779# 1915 January telecommunication record on the Jaluit Atoll shows they use 1780# the meridian of 170E as standard time (GMT+11:20), which is similar to the 1781# longitude of the atoll. 1782# 1915 February record say the 170E standard time is to be used until 1783# February 9 noon, and after February 9 noon they are to use JST. 1784# However these are time used within the Japanese Military at the time and 1785# probably does not reflect the time used by local resident at the time (that 1786# is if they keep their own time back then) 1787# 1788# In January 1919 the occupying force issued a command that split the area 1789# into three different timezone with meridian of 135E, 150E, 165E (JST+0, +1, 1790# +2), and the command was to become effective from February 1 of the same 1791# year. Despite the target of the command is still only for the occupying 1792# force itself, further publication have described the time as the standard 1793# time for the occupied area and thus it can probably be seen as such. 1794# * Area that use meridian of 135E: Palau and Yap civil administration area 1795# (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) 1796# * Area that use meridian of 150E: Truk (Chuuk) and Saipan civil 1797# administration area (Southern Islands Central Standard Time) 1798# * Area that use meridian of 165E: Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit civil 1799# administration area (Southern Islands Eastern Standard Time). 1800# * In the next few years Japanese occupation of those islands have been 1801# formalized via League of Nation Mandate (South Pacific Mandate) and formal 1802# governance structure have been established, these district [become 1803# subprefectures] and timezone classification have been inherited as standard 1804# time of the area. 1805# * Saipan subprefecture include Mariana islands (exclude Guam which was 1806# occupied by America at the time), Palau and Yap subprefecture rule the 1807# Western Caroline Islands with 137E longitude as border, Truk and Ponape 1808# subprefecture rule the Eastern Caroline Islands with 154E as border, Ponape 1809# subprefecture also rule part of Marshall Islands to the west of 164E 1810# starting from (1918?) and Jaluit subprefecture rule the rest of the 1811# Marshall Islands. 1812# 1813# And then in year 1937, an announcement was made to change the time in the 1814# area into 2 timezones: 1815# * Area that use meridian of 135E: area administered by Palau, Yap and 1816# Saipan subprefecture (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) 1817# * Area that use meridian of 150E: area administered by Truk (Chuuk), 1818# Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit subprefecture (Southern Islands Eastern 1819# Standard Time) 1820# 1821# Another announcement issued in 1941 say that on April 1 that year, 1822# standard time of the Southern Islands would be changed to use the meridian 1823# of 135E (GMT+9), and thus abolishing timezone different within the area. 1824# 1825# Then Pacific theater of WWII started and Japan slowly lose control on the 1826# island. The webpage I linked above contain no information during this 1827# period of time.... 1828# 1829# After the end of WWII, in 1946 February, a document written by the 1830# (former?) Japanese military personnel describe there are 3 hours time 1831# different between Caroline islands time/Wake island time and the Chungking 1832# time, which would mean the time being used there at the time was GMT+10. 1833# 1834# After that, the area become Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands 1835# under American administration from year 1947. The site listed some 1836# American/International books/maps/publications about time used in those 1837# area during this period of time but they doesn't seems to be reliable 1838# information so it would be the best if someone know where can more reliable 1839# information can be found. 1840# 1841# 1842# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1843# 1844# For the above, use vague dates like "1914" and "1945" for transitions that 1845# plausibly exist but for which the details are not known. The information 1846# for Wake is too sketchy to act on. 1847# 1848# The 1906 GMT+10 info about German-controlled islands might not have been 1849# done, so omit it from the data for now. 1850# 1851# The Jaluit info governs Kwajalein. 1852 1853 1854# Midway 1855 1856# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1857# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1858# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1859# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1860# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1861# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1862# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1863# air at 6am your time. 1864# 1865# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1866# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1867# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1868# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1869 1870# Nauru 1871 1872# From Phake Nick (2018-10-31): 1873# Currently, the tz database say Nauru use LMT until 1921, and then 1874# switched to GMT+11:30 for the next two decades. 1875# However, a number of timezone map published in America/Japan back then 1876# showed its timezone as GMT+11 per https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/ナウルの標準時 1877# And it would also be nice if the 1921 transition date could be sourced. 1878# ... 1879# The "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" 1880# http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/gazettes/4b23a17d2030150404db7a5fa5872f52.pdf#page=3 1881# based on "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" 1882# http://www.paclii.org/nr/legis/num_act/nsta1978207/ defined that "Nauru 1883# Alternative Time" (GMT+12) should be in effect from 1979 Feb. 1884# 1885# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-19): 1886# The 1921-01-15 introduction of standard time is in Shanks; it is also in 1887# "Standard Time Throughout the World", US National Bureau of Standards (1935), 1888# page 3, which does not give the UT offset. In response to a comment by 1889# Phake Nick I set the Nauru time of occupation by Japan to 1890# 1942-08-29/1945-09-08 by using dates from: 1891# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru 1892 1893# Norfolk 1894 1895# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 1896# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 1897# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 1898# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 1899# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 1900 1901# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28): 1902# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 1903# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 1904# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 1905# other than in 1974/5. See: 1906# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 1907# However, disagree with timeanddate about the 1975-03-02 transition; 1908# timeanddate has 02:00 but 02:00s corresponds to what the NSW law said 1909# (thanks to Michael Deckers). 1910 1911# Norfolk started observing Australian DST in spring 2019. 1912# From Kyle Czech (2019-08-13): 1913# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2018L01702 1914# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-14): 1915# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2019C00010 1916 1917# Palau 1918# See commentary for Micronesia. 1919 1920# Pitcairn 1921 1922# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1923# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1924# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1925# 1926# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1927# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1928# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1929# 1930# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1931# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1932# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1933 1934# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1935# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1936# ... at midnight. 1937 1938# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1939# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1940# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be ½ hour different from us here in 1941# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1942 1943 1944# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 1945 1946# Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean 1947# time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change 1948# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1949# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1950# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 1951# This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20. 1952# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm 1953 1954# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 1955# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 1956# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1957# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1958# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, 1959# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1960# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1961# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 1962 1963 1964# Tonga 1965 1966# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1967# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1968# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 1969# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1970 1971# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1972# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1973# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1974# 1975# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1976# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1977# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1978# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1979# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13° 1980# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1981# 1982# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1983# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1984# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1985# 1986# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1987# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1988# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1989# minutes we have lost?" 1990# 1991# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1992# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1993# to say your prayers in the morning." 1994 1995# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1996# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1997 1998# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1999# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 2000# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 2001# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 2002# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 2003# Government. 2004 2005# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 2006# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 2007# 2008# I was given this link by John Letts: 2009# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 2010# 2011# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 2012# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 2013# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 2014# (12 + 1 hour DST). 2015 2016# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 2017# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 2018# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 2019# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 2020# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 2021# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 2022# set back an hour on the closing date." 2023# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 2024 2025# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 2026# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 2027# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 2028 2029# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 2030# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 2031# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 2032# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 2033# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 2034# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 2035# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 2036 2037# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 2038# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 2039 2040# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 2041# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 2042# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 2043# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 2044# hour to 1:00am. 2045 2046# From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05): 2047# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 2048 2049# From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27): 2050# http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 2051# Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen 2052# the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. 2053# 2054# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): 2055# Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 2056# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. 2057 2058# From David Wade (2017-10-18): 2059# In August government was disolved by the King. The current prime minister 2060# continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few 2061# decisions will be made until elections 16th November. 2062# 2063# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 2064# For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing. 2065 2066 2067# Wake 2068 2069# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 2070# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 2071# 2072# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 2073# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 2074# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 2075# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 2076# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 2077# impossible. 2078# 2079# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm 2080 2081# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 2082# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 2083 2084# See also the commentary for Micronesia. 2085 2086 2087############################################################################### 2088 2089# The International Date Line 2090 2091# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 2092# 2093# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 2094# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 2095# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 2096# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 2097# 2098# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 2099# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 2100# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 2101# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 2102# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 2103# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 2104# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 2105# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 2106# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 2107# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 2108# correct date is ambiguous. 2109 2110# From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 2111# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 2112# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 2113# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 2114# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 2115# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 2116# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 2117# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 2118# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 2119# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 2120# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 2121# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 2122# independent merchant ships until World War II. 2123 2124# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 2125# (2005-03-20): 2126# 2127# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 2128# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 2129# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 2130# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 2131