1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 7# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 8 9# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 10# 11# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 15# 16# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 17# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 19# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 20# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 21# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 22# 23# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 24# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 25# 26# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 27# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 28# 29# Other sources occasionally used include: 30# 31# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 32# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 33# which I found in the UCLA library. 34# 35# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition 36# <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf> 37# [PDF] (1914-03) 38# 39# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 40# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes: 41# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables 42# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, 43# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. 44# 45# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 46# This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see 47# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html 48# The full Russian citation is: 49# Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток 50# введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го 51# июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград: 52# Десятая гос. тип., 1919. 53# http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf 54# 55# Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO), 56# History of Summer Time 57# <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm> 58# (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 59 60# 61# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 62# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 63# Corrections are welcome! 64# std dst 2dst 65# LMT Local Mean Time 66# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 67# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 68# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 69# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer 70# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 71# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe 72# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* 73# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* 74# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971) 75# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 76# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* 77# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 78# 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe (2011-2014)* 79# 3:00 MSK MSD MSM* Minsk, Moscow 80 81# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), 82# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 83# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 84# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 85# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 86# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 87# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 88# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 89# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 90# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 91# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 92# ... 93# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 94# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 95# ... 96# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 97# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 98# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 99# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 100# in the Directive. 101 102 103############################################################################### 104 105# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 106 107# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): 108# 109# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 110# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 111# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 112# of the text said: 113# 114# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 115# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 116# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 117# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 118# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 119# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 120# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 121# 122# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 123# position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should 124# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 125# 126# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 127 128# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 129# 130# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 131# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 132# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 133# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 134# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 135# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 136# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 137# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 138# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 139# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 140# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 141# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 142# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 143# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 144# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 145# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 146# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 147# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 148# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 149# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 150# 151# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 152# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 153# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 154 155# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19): 156# The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time 157# informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year. 158# Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the 159# New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946), 160# whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value 161# after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research. 162# In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society 163# that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See: 164# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg. 165# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734 166# http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html 167# Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal 168# did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten. 169# 170# In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915), 171# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 172# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907) 173# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 174# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 175# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 176# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 177# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 178# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 179# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 180# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in 181# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular 182# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, 183# designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial, 184# which is permanently set to Summer Time. 185 186# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): 187# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of 188# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country 189# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which 190# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the 191# foundations of civilization throughout the world. 192# -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly; 193# republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26 194# http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf 195 196# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08): 197# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving" 198# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 199# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 200# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer". 201# The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see: 202# Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press 203# ISBN 978-1-107-49471-8 (1949, reissued 2015), p 8. 204 205# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 206# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 207# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 208 209# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 210# From: Jonathan Leffler 211# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 212# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 213# politics making a fortune, not computing. 214 215# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): 216# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 217# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 218# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 219# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 220 221# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 222# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 223# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 224# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 225 226# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): 227# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir 228# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any 229# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't 230# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British 231# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. 232# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png 233# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png 234 235# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 236# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 237# which is to be introduced in May.... 238# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 239# which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 240 241# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 242# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common 243# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 244# so we use 'BDST'. 245 246# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length 247# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 248# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating 249# and extending this list, which can be found in 250# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ 251 252# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): 253# 254# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 255# see Lord Tanlaw's speech 256# http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0 257# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976). 258 259# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 260# 261# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. 262# 263# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger 264# are incorrect: 265# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 266# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 267# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 268# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 269# It actually just had one transition. 270# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 271# Actually, it conformed to Britain. 272# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 273# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 274# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 275# 276# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: 277# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 278# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 279# conform with Great Britain. 280# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 281# 282# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; 283# we'll ignore it for now. 284# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 285# 286# 287# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than 288# Shanks & Pottenger. 289# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory 290# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was 291# to London. For example: 292# 293# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 294# -- James Joyce, Ulysses 295 296# "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time 297# was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that 298# would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed 299# Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'." 300# -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising. 301# Irish Times 2014-10-27. 302# http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411 303 304# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): 305# Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>. 306# These include various relating to legal time, for example: 307# 308# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html 309# 310# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html 311# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html 312# 313# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html 314# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html 315# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html 316# 317# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html 318# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html 319# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html 320# 321# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is 322# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] 323# 324# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these 325# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 326# the laws applicable in Ireland.) 327# 328# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 329# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 330# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 331# being GMT+1.) 332 333# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 334# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 335# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 336# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 337# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 338# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 339# and Frethun run in CT. 340# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 341# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 342# and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 343# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 344# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 345# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 346 347# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 348# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 349# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC. 350# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 351# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 352# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 353# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 354 355# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 356# Summer Time Act, 1916 357Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 358Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 359# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 360Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 361Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 362# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 363Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 364Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 365# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 366Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 367Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 368# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 369Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 370# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 371Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 372# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 373Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 374Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 375# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 376Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 377Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 378# The Summer Time Act, 1922 379Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 380Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 381Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 382Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 383# The Summer Time Act, 1925 384Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 385Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 386Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 387Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 388Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 389Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 390Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 391Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 392Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 393Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 394Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 395# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 396Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 397# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 398Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 399# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 400Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 401Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 402# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 403Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 404# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 405Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 406# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 407Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 408Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 409# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 410Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 411Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 412# The Summer Time Act, 1947 413Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 414Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 415Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 416Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 417# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 418Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 419Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 420# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 421Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 422Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 423# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 424# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 425# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 426Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 427Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 428# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 429Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 430Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 431Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 432Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 433Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 434Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 435Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 436# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 437# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 438# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 439Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 440Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 441# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 442# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 443# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 444Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 445# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 446Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 447# The British Standard Time Act, 1968 448# (no summer time) 449# The Summer Time Act, 1972 450Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 451Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 452# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 453# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 454# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 455# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 456Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 457Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 458# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 459# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 460# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 461Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 462# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 463# See EU for rules starting in 1996. 464# 465# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. 466 467# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 468Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s 469 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 470 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 471 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 472 0:00 EU GMT/BST 473Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey 474Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey 475Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man 476 477# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 478Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 479 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 480 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 481 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 482 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 483 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 484 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 485 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 486 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 487 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 488 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 489 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 490 0:00 EU GMT/IST 491 492############################################################################### 493 494# Europe 495 496# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 497# Common Market, etc. 498 499# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 500Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 501Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 502Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 503Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 504Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 505Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 506# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: 507# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 508# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. 509# http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT 510 511# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 512Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 513Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 514Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 515Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 516Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 517Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 518 519# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 520# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 521Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 522Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 523Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 524Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 525Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 526Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 527Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 528Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 529Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 530# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 531Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 532# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13): 533# 534# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s 535# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was 536# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the 537# tz database itself, as seen below: 538# 539# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 540# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 541# 542# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 543# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 544# 545# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 546# 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 547# 548# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 549# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 550# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 551# 552# The rule line to be changed is: 553# 554# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - 555# 556# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on 557# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no 558# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items 559# affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms 560# CET and MET: 561# 562# Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 563# Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 564# 565# It this is right then the corrected version would look like: 566# 567# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 568# 569# A small step for mankind though 8-) 570Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 571Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 572Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 573Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 574Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 575Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 576Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 577 578# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 579Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 580Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 581Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 582Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 583Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 584Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 585 586# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 587Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 588Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 589Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 590Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 591Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 592Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 MSD 593Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK 594Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD 595Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer 596Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD 597Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 598# Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 599Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 600Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 601# Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 602# Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 603Rule Russia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 604Rule Russia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 605# 606Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 607# As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data. 608 609# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 610# Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of 611# Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the 612# Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227. 613# 614# I did not find full texts of these acts. For the 1989 one we have 615# title at http://base.garant.ru/70754136/ : 616# "About change in calculation of time on the territories of 617# Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan, 618# Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts". 619# And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to 620# contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules 621# of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov 622# oblasts. Since last Sunday of March 1989: 623# a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast: 624# second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-1); 625# b) Astrakhan, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk oblasts: second time belt 626# rules (Moscow time) 627# c) Uralsk oblast: third time belt rules (Moscow+1). 628 629# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): 630# Unamended version of the act of the 631# Government of the Russian Federation No. 23 from 08.01.1992 632# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102014034&rdk=0 633# says that every year clocks were to be moved forward on last Sunday 634# of March at 2 hours and moved backwards on last Sunday of September 635# at 3 hours. It was amended in 1996 to replace September with October. 636 637# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14): 638# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev 639# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011. 640# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time. 641# 642# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): 643# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 644# 645# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): 646# http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html 647 648# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 649# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered 650# to be standard. 651 652# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 653 654# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 655Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 656Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 657Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 658Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 659 660# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 661# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 662 663# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): 664# The official German names ... are 665# 666# Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 667# Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 668# 669# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 670# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 671# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 672# 673# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 674# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 675# Postfach 3345 676# D-38023 Braunschweig 677# phone: +49 531 592-0 678# 679# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 680# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 681# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 682# 683# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 684# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 685 686 687# Albania 688# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 689Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 690Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 691Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 692Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 693Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 694Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 695Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 696Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 697Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 698Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 699Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 700Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 701Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 702Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 703Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 704Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 705Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 706Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 707Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 708Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 709Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 710Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 711Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 712Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 713Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 714# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 715Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 716 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 717 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 718 1:00 EU CE%sT 719 720# Andorra 721# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 722Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 723 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 724 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 725 1:00 EU CE%sT 726 727# Austria 728 729# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21. 730 731# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and 732# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and 733# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" 734# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition 735# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, 736# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. 737 738# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 739Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 740Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 741Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 742Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 743Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 744Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 745Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 746Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 747# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 748Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr 749 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 750 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 751 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 752 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 753 1:00 - CET 1946 754 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 755 1:00 EU CE%sT 756 757# Belarus 758# 759# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-02): 760# http://www.lawbelarus.com/repub/sub30/texf9611.htm 761# (Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus from 762# 1992-03-25 No. 157) ... says clocks were to be moved forward at 2:00 763# on last Sunday of March and backward at 3:00 on last Sunday of September 764# (the same as previous USSR and contemporary Russian regulations). 765# 766# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16): 767# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to 768# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). 769# 770# Sources (Russian language): 771# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html 772# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ 773# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html 774# 775# From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09): 776# Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time.... 777# http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html 778# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-08): 779# Hence Belarus can share time zone abbreviations with Moscow again. 780# 781# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 782Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 783 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 784 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 785 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 786 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 787 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 788 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 789 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 790 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 1:00s 791 3:00 - MSK 792 793# Belgium 794# 795# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 796# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 797# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 798# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991 799# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 800# pp 8-9. 801# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 802# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. 803# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references. 804# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 805# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 806# 807# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 808Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 809Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 810Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 811Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 812Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 813Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 814Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 815Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 816Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 817Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 818Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 819Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 820# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 821# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 822# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 823# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 824Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 825Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 826Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 827Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 828Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 829Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 830Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 831Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 832Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 833Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 834Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 835Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 836Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 837Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 838Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 839Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 840Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 841Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 842Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 843Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 844Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 845Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 846# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 847Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 848 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 849 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 850 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 851 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 852 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 853 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 854 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 855 1:00 EU CE%sT 856 857# Bosnia and Herzegovina 858# See Europe/Belgrade. 859 860# Bulgaria 861# 862# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 863# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No. 94/1997) says: 864# EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 865# EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 866# 867# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 868Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 869Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 870Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S 871Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 872Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 873# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 874Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 875 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 876 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 877 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 878 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 879 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 880 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 3:00 881 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 882 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 883 2:00 EU EE%sT 884 885# Croatia 886# See Europe/Belgrade. 887 888# Cyprus 889# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. 890 891# Czech Republic 892# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 893Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 894Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 895Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 896Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 897Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 898Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 899Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 900# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 901Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 902 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 903 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 904 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 905 1:00 EU CE%sT 906# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia. 907 908# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland 909 910# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 911# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law 912# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 913# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL 914# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. 915# 916# The EU treaty with effect from 1973: 917# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL 918# 919# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes 920# in subsequent decrees with the law 921# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL 922# 923# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have 924# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST 925# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to 926# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from 927# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know 928# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only 929# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: 930# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning 931# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which 932# was suspended on that night): 933# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL 934 935# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11): 936# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between 937# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. 938 939# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): 940# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not 941# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. 942 943# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 944Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 945Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 946Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 947Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 948Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 949Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 950Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 951Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 952Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 953Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 954Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 955# 956# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 957Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 958 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT 959 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 960 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 961 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 962 1:00 EU CE%sT 963Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn 964 0:00 - WET 1981 965 0:00 EU WE%sT 966# 967# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): 968# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in 969# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. 970# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. 971# 972# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 973# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 974# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 975# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb 976# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 977# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 978 979# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing 980# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), 981# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: 982# 983# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC 984# is according to the following time line: 985# 986# The military zone near Thule UTC-4 987# Standard Greenland time UTC-3 988# Scoresbysund UTC-1 989# Danmarkshavn UTC 990# 991# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be 992# introduced. 993 994# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): 995# 996# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at 997# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have 998# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have 999# info from earlier correspondence.] 1000# 1001# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule 1002# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight 1003# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... 1004# 1005# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund 1006# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. 1007# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the 1008# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th 1009# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in 1010# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the 1011# DPC research station at Zackenberg. 1012# 1013# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use 1014# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb). 1015# 1016# The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it 1017# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time 1018# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. 1019# 1020# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and 1021# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators 1022# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of 1023# this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be 1024# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. 1025 1026# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): 1027# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place 1028# there at 2:00 AM. 1029 1030# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1031# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; 1032# the 1995 map as like Godthåb. 1033# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996. 1034# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, 1035# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. 1036# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. 1037 1038# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 1039# "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named 1040# "National Park" by Executive Order: 1041# http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf 1042# It is their only National Park. 1043# 1044# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1045Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1046Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 1047Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1048Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1049Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1050Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 1051# 1052# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1053Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 1054 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1055 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 1056 0:00 - GMT 1057Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit 1058 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1059 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 1060 -1:00 EU EG%sT 1061Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 1062 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1063 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1064Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base 1065 -4:00 Thule A%sT 1066 1067# Estonia 1068# 1069# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 1070# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 1071# 1072# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): 1073# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 1074# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 1075# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 1076# 1077# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): 1078# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 1079# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 1080# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 1081# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 1082# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 1083# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 1084# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 1085# summer time next spring." 1086 1087# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 1088# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 1089# http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390 1090# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 1091# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120). 1092# 1093# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 1094# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 1095# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 1096 1097# From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09) 1098# via Steffen Thorsen: 1099# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 1100# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 1101# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 1102# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 1103# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 1104# after that. 1105 1106# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 1107# Regulation No. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 1108# No. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 1109# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 1110 1111# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): 1112# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. 1113# Now we are using again EU rules. 1114# 1115# From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28): 1116# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. 1117 1118# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1119Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1120 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1121 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1122 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 1123 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 1124 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1125 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 1126 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1127 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 1128 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 1129 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Oct 31 4:00 1130 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 1131 2:00 EU EE%sT 1132 1133# Finland 1134 1135# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): 1136# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 1137# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1138 1139# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15): 1140# 1141# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. 1142# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour 1143# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made 1144# according to the central European standards. 1145# 1146# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac 1147# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in 1148# Finnish) at 1149# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf 1150# 1151# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings 1152# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. 1153# 1154# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: 1155# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401 1156# 1157# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not 1158# exist tonight." 1159 1160# From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13): 1161# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013] 1162# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf 1163# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942 1164# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942, 1165# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper 1166# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday".... 1167# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards. 1168# 1169# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14): 1170# Go with Oja over Shanks. 1171 1172# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1173Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S 1174Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 - 1175Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1176Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1177 1178# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document); 1179# round to nearest. 1180 1181# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1182Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31 1183 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 1184 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 1185 2:00 EU EE%sT 1186 1187# Åland Is 1188Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn 1189 1190 1191# France 1192 1193# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): 1194# 1195# Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions 1196# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 1197# 1198# Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel, 1199# Paris, 1991 1200# 1201# Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie, 1202# Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987 1203 1204 1205# 1206# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. 1207# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1208Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1209Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 1210Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1211Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1212Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1213Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1214Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 1215Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1216Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 1217Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1218# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 1219# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 1220# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1221Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1222Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1223Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1224Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 1225Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1226Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1227Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1228Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1229Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 1230Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1231Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 1232Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1233Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1234Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 1235Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1236Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 1237Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1238Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1239Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1240Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1241# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger 1242# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. 1243# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez, 1244# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La 1245# Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes, 1246# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 1247# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois, 1248# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie). 1249Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1250# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 1251# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), 1252# who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 1253# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 1254Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 1255Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 1256Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 1257Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 1258Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 1259Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 1260Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 1261Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 1262Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1263# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 1264# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 1265Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 1266Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 1267# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05, 1268# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 1269# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 1270# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 1271# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1272Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 1273 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT 1274# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 1275 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 1276# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; 1277# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1278 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 1279 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1280 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1281 1:00 EU CE%sT 1282 1283# Germany 1284 1285# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): 1286# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 1287# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 1288# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] 1289 1290# From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23): 1291# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by 1292# http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/ 1293# General [Nikolai] Bersarin. 1294 1295# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): 1296# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf 1297# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. 1298# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so 1299# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4. 1300 1301 1302# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1303Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 1304Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1305Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1306# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition 1307# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger. 1308# Go with the PTB. 1309Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S 1310Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 1311Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 1312Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1313Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1314 1315Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1316Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S 1317Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1318 1319# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1320Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1321 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 1322 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 1323 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 1324 1:00 EU CE%sT 1325 1326# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12): 1327# Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton 1328# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE 1329# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did. 1330# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1, 1331# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin. 1332# 1333# Source for the time in Büsingen 1980: 1334# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3 1335 1336# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03): 1337# Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. 1338 1339Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen 1340 1341# Georgia 1342# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. 1343# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) 1344# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. 1345 1346# Gibraltar 1347# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1348Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s 1349 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 1350 1:00 - CET 1982 1351 1:00 EU CE%sT 1352 1353# Greece 1354# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1355# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1356Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 1357Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1358# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1359Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 1360# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1361Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1362Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 1363Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1364# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1365Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1366Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 1367Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 1368Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 1369Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 1370Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 1371Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1372Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 1373Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 1374Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 1375Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1376Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1377Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1378# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1379Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 1380 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 1381 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 1382 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 1383 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1384 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; 1385 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 1386 2:00 EU EE%sT 1387 1388# Hungary 1389# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): 1390# Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from: 1391# Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945. 1392# National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29). 1393# http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html 1394# This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks 1395# & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates). 1396# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1397Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 1398Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1399Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 1400Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 - 1401Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 1402Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1403Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 1404Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1405Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 1406Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1407Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 1408Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 1409Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1410Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1411Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1412Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 1413Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1414Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 1415# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1416Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 1417 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 1418 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8 1419 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1420 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 1421 1:00 EU CE%sT 1422 1423# Iceland 1424# 1425# From Adam David (1993-11-06): 1426# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 1427# 1428# (1993-12-05): 1429# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 1430# Iceland Almanak. 1431# 1432# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 1433# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 1434# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 1435# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 1436# 1437# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 1438# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 1439# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 1440# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 1441# 1442# (1993-12-10): 1443# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 1444# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 1445# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 1446# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 1447# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 1448# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 1449# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 1450# might mean something else (???). 1451# 1452# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22): 1453# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see 1454# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html 1455# 1456# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1457Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 1458Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1459Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 1460Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 S 1461Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 - 1462Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 1463Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 - 1464Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1465Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 - 1466Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 S 1467# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 1468Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1469Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1470# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 1471Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1472# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week 1473Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 1474Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1475Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 1476# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1477Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908 1478 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 1479 0:00 - GMT 1480 1481# Italy 1482# 1483# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): 1484# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, 1485# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). 1486# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. 1487# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, 1488# so record only the time in Rome. 1489# 1490# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1491# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and 1492# F. Pollastri 1493# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03) 1494# http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html 1495# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute 1496# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 1497# 1498# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 1499# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 1500# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1501# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 1502# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 1503# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S 1504# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W 1505# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S 1506# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1507# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S 1508# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1509# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) 1510# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1511# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1512# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S 1513# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S 1514# 1515# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1516Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 1517Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1518Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1519Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1520Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S 1521Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1522Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S 1523Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1524Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - 1525Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S 1526Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - 1527Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 1528Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - 1529Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1530Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 1531Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 1532Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 1533Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1534Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 1535Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1536Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - 1537Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1538Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S 1539Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1540Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1541Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1542Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1543Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S 1544Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1545Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S 1546Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1547Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1548Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1549Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1550Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1551Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1552# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1553Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 1554 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean 1555 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1556 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 1557 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1558 1:00 EU CE%sT 1559 1560Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 1561Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 1562 1563# Latvia 1564 1565# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): 1566 1567# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 1568# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 1569# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 1570# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 1571# 1572# Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 1573# according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 1574# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1575# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 1576# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 1577# 1578# Act No. 592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 1579# according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 1580# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1581# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1582# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 1583# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 1584# 1585# Act No. 81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 1586# according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 1587# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 1588# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 1589# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 1590# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1591# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 1592# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 1593# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 1594# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 1595# 1596# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 1597# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 1598# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 1599 1600# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 1601# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 1602# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 1603# 29-Feb-2000 (No. 79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>, 1604# in Latvian for subscribers only). 1605 1606# From RFE/RL Newsline 1607# http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html 1608# (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: 1609# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will 1610# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. 1611# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their 1612# clocks one hour in the spring.... 1613# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few 1614# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European 1615# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving 1616# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government 1617# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it 1618# appears that they will not do so.... 1619 1620# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1621Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1622Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1623 1624# Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time). 1625# Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34. 1626# Go with Byalokoz. 1627 1628# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1629Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880 1630 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT 1631 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST 1632 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1633 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1634 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11 1635 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 1636 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1637 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 1638 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1639 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 1640 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 1641 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1642 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 1643 2:00 EU EE%sT 1644 1645# Liechtenstein 1646 1647# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09): 1648# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich. 1649 1650# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18): 1651# http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf 1652# ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942. 1653# I ... translate only the last two paragraphs: 1654# ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein 1655# introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on 1656# central European time was in force throughout the year. 1657# From a report of the duke's government to the high council, 1658# regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977. 1659 1660Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz 1661 1662 1663# Lithuania 1664 1665# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 1666# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 1667 1668# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1669# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1670# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 1671 1672# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): 1673# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 1674# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 1675 1676# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>, 1677# via Steffen Thorsen: 1678# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 1679# to be valid here starting from October 31, 1680# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 1681# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 1682# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 1683# already done by Estonia. 1684 1685# From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 1686# <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27): 1687# Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 1688 1689# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): 1690# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will 1691# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid 1692# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its 1693# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of 1694# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at 1695# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm 1696 1697 1698# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1699Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1700 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1701 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1702 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 1703 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1704 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 1705 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1706 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 1707 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1708 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1709 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 1710 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1711 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 1712 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 1713 2:00 EU EE%sT 1714 1715# Luxembourg 1716# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; 1717# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1718# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1719Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1720Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1721Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 1722Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 1723Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1724Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 1725Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 1726Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 1727Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 1728Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 1729Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 1730Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 1731Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 1732Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1733Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 1734Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 1735Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 1736Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1737Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1738Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 1739Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 1740Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 1741Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 1742# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1743Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1744 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 1745 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1746 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1747 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1748 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1749 1:00 EU CE%sT 1750 1751# Macedonia 1752# See Europe/Belgrade. 1753 1754# Malta 1755# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1756Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1757Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 1758Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1759Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 1760Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1761Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1762Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1763# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1764Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta 1765 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1766 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1767 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1768 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1769 1:00 EU CE%sT 1770 1771# Moldova 1772 1773# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 1774# the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04 1775# http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2 1776# ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR 1777# time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt 1778# plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be 1779# adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer" 1780# time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and 1781# reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00. 1782 1783# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1784# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write 1785# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 1786# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 1787# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 1788# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 1789# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. 1790# But [two people] separately reported via 1791# Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 1792# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 1793# 1794# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17): 1795# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as 1796# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition 1797# to the Winter Time). 1798# 1799# News (in Russian): 1800# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html 1801# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html 1802# 1803# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry) 1804# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17) 1805# 1806# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19) 1807# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol 1808# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32. 1809# 1810# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed) 1811# 1812# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26) 1813# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point. 1814# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own 1815# decision to abolish DST this winter. 1816# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- 1817# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. 1818# News from Moldova (in russian): 1819# http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html 1820 1821# From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02): 1822# http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077 1823# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01): 1824# The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that 1825# 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also, 1826# http://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara 1827# says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time. 1828# Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU. 1829 1830# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1831Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1832Rule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 1833 1834# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1835Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 1836 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1837 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1838 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 1839 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1840 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1841 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 May 6 2:00 1842 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 1843 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1844# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 1845 2:00 Moldova EE%sT 1846 1847# Monaco 1848# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1849# more precise 0:09:21. 1850# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1851Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1852 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1853 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1854 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1855 1:00 EU CE%sT 1856 1857# Montenegro 1858# See Europe/Belgrade. 1859 1860# Netherlands 1861 1862# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1863# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 1864 1865# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 1866# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 1867# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including 1868# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time 1869# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the 1870# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was 1871# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. 1872# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and 1873# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). 1874# 1875# (2001-04-08): 1876# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to 1877# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common 1878# practice of following Amsterdam mean time. 1879# 1880# (2001-04-09): 1881# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the 1882# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe 1883# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was 1884# actually followed. 1885# 1886# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to 1887# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of 1888# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most 1889# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically 1890# adopted Amsterdam mean time. 1891# 1892# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety 1893# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it 1894# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe 1895# Amsterdam mean time. 1896 1897# The data entries before 1945 are taken from 1898# http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm 1899 1900# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1901Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 1902Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 1903Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1904Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 1905Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1906Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT 1907Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1908Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 1909Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1910Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1911Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1912# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week 1913# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. 1914Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1915Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1916Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1917Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1918Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1919Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 1920Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1921Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1922Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1923# 1924# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted 1925# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. 1926# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1927Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 1928 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 1929 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time 1930 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1931 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1932 1:00 EU CE%sT 1933 1934# Norway 1935# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & 1936# Pottenger. 1937# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1938Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1939Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1940Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1941Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1942Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1943Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1944Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1945# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1946Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 1947 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1948 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1949 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1950 1:00 EU CE%sT 1951 1952# Svalbard & Jan Mayen 1953 1954# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): 1955# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and 1956# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the 1957# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared 1958# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan 1959# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From 1960# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and 1961# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation 1962# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came 1963# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a 1964# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From 1965# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been 1966# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 1967# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by 1968# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 1969# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 1970# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 1971# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 1972 1973# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04): 1974# 1975# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 1976# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was 1977# keeping Berlin time. 1978# 1979# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 1980# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 1981# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 1982# frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 1983# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly 1984# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that 1985# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 1986# 1987# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 1988# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 1989# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 1990# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 1991# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 1992# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) 1993# http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html 1994# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 1995# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 1996# 1997# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo 1998# for these regions. 1999Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 2000 2001# Poland 2002 2003# The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20), 2004# <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2. 2005 2006# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2007Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 2008Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 2009Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 2010# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2011Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2012# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2013Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 2014Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2015# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, 2016# Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., 2017# http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1 2018# Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. 2019# He also gives these further references: 2020# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> 2021# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> 2022Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S 2023Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 2024Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 2025Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2026Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 2027Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 2028Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 2029Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2030Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 2031Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 2032Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 2033Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 2034Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2035Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2036# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2037Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 2038 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 2039 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 2040 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 2041 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 2042 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 2043 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 2044 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 2045 1:00 EU CE%sT 2046 2047# Portugal 2048# 2049# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: 2050# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) 2051# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 2052# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00. 2053# Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees 2054# with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for 2055# Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira. 2056# 2057# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): 2058# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 2059# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 2060# 2061# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 2062# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 2063# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 2064# 2065# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 2066# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 2067# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 2068# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 2069# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 2070# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 2071# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 2072# 2073# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2074# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 2075# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 2076# Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2077Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 2078# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2079Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 2080Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2081Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 2082Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 2083Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2084Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 2085Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2086Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2087Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 2088Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2089Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2090Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 2091Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 2092Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2093Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2094# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2095Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2096Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 2097Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 2098# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2099Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2100# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 2101Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 2102Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2103# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2104Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 2105Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 2106Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2107# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2108Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 2109Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 2110# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 2111Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 2112Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2113Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 2114Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 2115Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 2116Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 2117Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 2118Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 2119Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 2120Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 2121Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2122Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2123Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2124# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 2125# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2126Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2127Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2128Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 2129Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 2130Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 2131Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 2132Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2133Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2134Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2135Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2136# 2137# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2138Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884 2139 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time 2140 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2141 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 2142 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2143 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2144 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 2145 0:00 EU WE%sT 2146Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 2147 -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time 2148 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 2149 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2150 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2151 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 2152 -1:00 EU AZO%sT 2153Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 2154 -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time 2155 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 2156 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2157 0:00 EU WE%sT 2158 2159# Romania 2160# 2161# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 2162# Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html> 2163# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 2164# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 2165# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 2166# the same year as Bulgaria. 2167# 2168# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2169Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 2170Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 2171Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 2172Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 2173Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2174Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 2175Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 2176Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2177Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 2178# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2179Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 2180 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2181 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 2182 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2183 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 2184 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 2185 2:00 EU EE%sT 2186 2187 2188# Russia 2189 2190# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15): 2191# Based on last Russian Government Decree No. 725 on August 31, 2011 2192# (Government document 2193# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/ 2194# in Russian) 2195# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones... 2196# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English 2197# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below: 2198# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm 2199 2200# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27): 2201# Scans of [Decree No. 23 of January 8, 1992] are available at: 2202# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966 2203# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian). 2204 2205# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2206# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia 2207# changed in September 2011: 2208# 2209# One source is 2210# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/ 2211# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31, 2212# 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information. 2213# 2214# Another source is 2215# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html 2216# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the 2217# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also 2218# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on: 2219# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which 2220# does not contain any "effective date" information. 2221# 2222# Another source is 2223# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7 2224# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011... 2225# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2226# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011. 2227# 2228# The Wikipedia article refers to 2229# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896 2230# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page. 2231# 2232# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's 2233# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2234# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to 2235# get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias 2236# Conradi notes). 2237# 2238# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks. 2239# 2240# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s. 2241 2242# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01): 2243# According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency) 2244# http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562 2245# the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to 2246# winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new 2247# regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ... 2248# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02 2249# Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N 2250# 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding 2251# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English): 2252# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html 2253# 2254# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22): 2255# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian) 2256# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711 2257# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660 2258# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279 2259# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this: 2260# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html 2261 2262# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2263# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. 2264# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 2265# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, 2266# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 2267# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 2268# 2269# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 2270# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 2271# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 2272# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 2273# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 2274# 2275# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): 2276# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 2277# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 2278# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 2279# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 2280# 2281# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): 2282# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 2283# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 2284# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 2285# 2286# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 2287# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 2288# News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 2289# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with 2290# the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began 2291# enforcing curfew at the wrong time. 2292# 2293# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): 2294# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in 2295# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the 2296# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan 2297# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok 2298# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are 2299# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have 2300# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. 2301 2302# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2303# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist 2304# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions 2305# are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative 2306# listing. The region codes listed come from 2307# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498 2308# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their 2309# future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level 2310# divisions where available. 2311 2312# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2313 2314 2315# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2316# Europe/Kaliningrad covers... 2317# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast 2318 2319# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2320# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2321 2322# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 2323# http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni 2324# confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented. 2325# (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that 2326# summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But 2327# 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.) 2328# ... 2329# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091 2330# says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided 2331# at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to 2332# Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19. 2333 2334Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 2335 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2336 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 2337 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2338 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2339 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2340 2:00 - EET 2341 2342 2343# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-21), per Tim Parenti (2014-07-03) and 2344# Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2345# Europe/Moscow covers... 2346# 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of 2347# 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of 2348# 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of 2349# 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic 2350# 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of 2351# 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic 2352# 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of 2353# 11 RU-KO Komi Republic 2354# 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic 2355# 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of 2356# 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of 2357# 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of 2358# 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic 2359# 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic 2360# 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai 2361# 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai 2362# 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast 2363# 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast 2364# 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast 2365# 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast 2366# 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast 2367# 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast 2368# 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast 2369# 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast 2370# 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast 2371# 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast 2372# 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast 2373# 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast 2374# 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast 2375# 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast 2376# 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast 2377# 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast 2378# 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast 2379# 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast 2380# 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast 2381# 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast 2382# 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast 2383# 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast 2384# 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast 2385# 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast 2386# 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast 2387# 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast 2388# 77 RU-MOW Moscow 2389# 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg 2390# 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug 2391 2392# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 2393# 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982. 2394# Wikipedia refers to 2395# http://maps.monetonos.ru/maps/raznoe/Old_Maps/Old_Maps/Articles/022/3_1981.html 2396# http://besp.narod.ru/nauka_1981_3.htm 2397# 2398# The second link provides two articles scanned from the Nauka i Zhizn 2399# magazine No. 3, 1981 and a scan of the short article attributed to 2400# the Trud newspaper from February 1982. The first link provides the 2401# same Nauka i Zhizn articles converted to the text form (but misses 2402# time belt changes map). 2403# 2404# The second Nauka i Zhizn article says that in addition to 2405# introduction of summer time on 1981-04-01 there are some time belt 2406# border changes on 1981-10-01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous 2407# Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka 2408# according to the provided map (colored one). In addition to that 2409# "time violators" (regions which were not using rules of the time 2410# belts in which they were located) would not be moving off the DST on 2411# 1981-10-01 to restore the decree time usage. (Komi ASSR was 2412# supposed to repeat that move in October 1982 to account for the 2 2413# hour difference.) Map depicting "time violators" before 1981-10-01 2414# is also provided. 2415# 2416# The article from Trud says that 1981-10-01 changes caused problems 2417# and some territories would be moved to pre-1981-10-01 time by not 2418# moving to summer time on 1982-04-01. Namely: Dagestan, 2419# Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian, 2420# Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol 2421# krais, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo, 2422# Kostroma, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Tyumen and 2423# Yaroslavl oblasts, Nenets and Evenk autonomous okrugs, Khatangsky 2424# district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. As a result Evenk Autonomous 2425# Okrug and Khatangsky district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug would end 2426# up on Moscow+4, Tyumen Oblast on Moscow+2 and the rest on Moscow 2427# time. 2428# 2429# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt 2430# attributes the 1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers 2431# of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982. 1980-925.txt also adds 2432# Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky 2433# district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okurg. Probably erroneously. 2434# 2435# The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow, 2436# Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk. 2437# 2438# 12. Udmurtia 2439# The fact that Udmurtia is depicted as a violator in the Nauka i 2440# Zhizn article hints at Izhevsk being on different time from 2441# Kuybyshev before 1981-10-01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the 1989 act. 2442# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt 2443# implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after 1982-04-01. 2444# Wikipedia implies Udmurtia being on Moscow+1 until 1991. 2445# 2446# ... 2447# 2448# All Russian zones are supposed to have by default a -1 change at 2449# 1991-03-31 2:00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +1 2450# change at 1992-01-19 2:00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia). 2451# 2452# There were some exceptions, though. 2453# Wikipedia says newspapers listed Astrakhan, Saratov, Kirov, Volgograd, 2454# Izhevsk, Grozny, Kazan and Samara as such exceptions for the 1992 2455# change. (Different newspapers providing different lists. And some 2456# lists found in the internet are quite wild.) 2457# 2458# And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment. 2459# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091 2460# says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the 2461# 1991-03-31 switch and one person at 2462# http://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html 2463# says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception 2464# 2 days before the switch. 2465# 2466# 2467# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2468# Given the above, we appear to be missing some Zone entries for the 2469# chaotic early 1980s in Russia. It's not clear what these entries 2470# should be. For now, sweep this under the rug and just document the 2471# time in Moscow. 2472 2473# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08): 2474# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow 2475# Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30").... 2476# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard. 2477# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.) 2478# The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by 2479# Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow 2480# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory 2481# coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" > 2482# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 = 2483# 2:31:19 ... 2484# 2485# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 2486# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in 2487# Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895). 2488# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in 2489# Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky. 2490 2491Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880 2492 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 2493 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2494 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct 2495 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2496 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2497 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2498 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2499 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2500 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2501 3:00 - MSK 2502 2503 2504# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2505# Europe/Simferopol covers... 2506# ** **** Crimea, Republic of 2507# ** **** Sevastopol 2508 2509Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2510 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 2511 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2512 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 2513 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 2514 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2515 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2516 2:00 - EET 1992 2517# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 2518# 2519# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2520# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 2521# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 2522# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened 2523# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say 2524# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it 2525# changed in May. 2526 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 2527# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 2528 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s 2529 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 2530# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 2531# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 2532 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 2533 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 2534# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17): 2535# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014 2536# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html 2537# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30): 2538# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks 2539# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial 2540# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about. 2541 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00 2542 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2543 3:00 - MSK 2544 2545 2546# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2547# Europe/Astrakhan covers: 2548# 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast 2549# 2550# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2551 2552# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-12): 2553# On February 10, 2016 Astrakhan Oblast got approval by the Federation 2554# Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time).... 2555# This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00. 2556# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): 2557# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056 2558 2559Zone Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May 2560 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2561 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2562 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2563 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2564 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2565 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2566 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 2567 4:00 - +04 2568 2569# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2570# Europe/Volgograd covers: 2571# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast 2572# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast 2573# The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04). 2574 2575Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 2576 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time 2577 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time 2578 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11 2579 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1988 Mar 27 2:00s # Volgograd T 2580 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2581 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2582 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2583 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2584 3:00 - MSK 2585 2586# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2587# Europe/Kirov covers: 2588# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast 2589# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2590# 2591Zone Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2592 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2593 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2594 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2595 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2596 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2597 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2598 3:00 - +03 2599 2600# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2601# Europe/Samara covers... 2602# 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic 2603# 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast 2604 2605# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2606# Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20. 2607# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2608 2609Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2610 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samara Time 2611 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27 2612 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev 2613 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2614 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2615 3:00 - SAMT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 2616 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2617 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2618 4:00 - SAMT 2619 2620# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2621# Europe/Ulyanovsk covers: 2622# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast 2623 2624# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2625 2626# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17): 2627# Ulyanovsk ... on their way to change time zones by March 27, 2016 at 2am. 2628# Ulyanovsk Oblast ... from MSK to MSK+1 (UTC+3 to UTC+4) ... 2629# 920582-6 ... 02/17/2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading. 2630# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): 2631# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051 2632 2633Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk 3:13:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2634 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2635 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2636 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2637 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2638 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2639 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2640 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 2641 4:00 - +04 2642 2643# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2644# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers... 2645# 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of 2646# 90 RU-PER Perm Krai 2647# 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast 2648# 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast 2649# 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast 2650# 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast 2651# 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast 2652# 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra 2653# 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug 2654# 2655# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak 2656# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai. 2657 2658# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest. 2659# Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05. 2660# Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard. 2661# The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks. 2662 2663Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3 2664 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 2665 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time 2666 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2667 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2668 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2669 6:00 - YEKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2670 5:00 - YEKT 2671 2672 2673# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2674# Asia/Omsk covers... 2675# 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast 2676 2677# Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30. 2678 2679Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 2680 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time 2681 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2682 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2683 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2684 7:00 - OMST 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2685 6:00 - OMST 2686 2687# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22): 2688# Asia/Barnaul covers: 2689# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic 2690# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai 2691 2692# Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2693 2694# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 2695# Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25 2696# http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm 2697# suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on 2698# 1995-05-28. 2699# 2700# http://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html 2701# has some historical data for Altai Krai: 2702# before 1957: west part on UTC+6, east on UTC+7 2703# after 1957: UTC+7 2704# since 1995: UTC+6 2705# http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html 2706# confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date. 2707 2708# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17): 2709# Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones 2710# by March 27, 2016 at 2am.... 2711# Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ... 2712# Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) 2713# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): 2714# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043 2715# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038 2716 2717Zone Asia/Barnaul 5:35:00 - LMT 1919 Dec 10 2718 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2719 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2720 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2721 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1995 May 28 2722 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2723 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2724 6:00 - +06 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 2725 7:00 - +07 2726 2727# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2728# Asia/Novosibirsk covers: 2729# 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast 2730 2731# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-05-30): 2732# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=1085784-6 2733# moves Novosibirsk oblast from UTC+6 to UTC+7. 2734# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-04): 2735# The law was signed yesterday and published today on 2736# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040064 2737 2738Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 2739 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2740 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2741 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2742 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. 2743 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2744 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2745 6:00 - +06 2016 Jul 24 2:00s 2746 7:00 - +07 2747 2748# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2749# Asia/Tomsk covers: 2750# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast 2751 2752# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-24): 2753# Byalokoz listed Tomsk at 5:39:51. 2754 2755# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 2756# Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow. 2757 2758# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-19): 2759# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102075743 2760# (fifth time belt being UTC+5+1(decree time) 2761# / UTC+5+1(decree time)+1(summer time)) ... 2762# Note that time belts (numbered from 2 (Moscow) to 12 according to their 2763# GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally 2764# belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced 2765# with time zones in 2011 with different numberings (there was a 2766# 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014). 2767 2768# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-04-12): 2769# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(SpravkaNew)?OpenAgent&RN=1006865-6 2770# This bill was approved in the first reading today. It moves Tomsk oblast 2771# from UTC+6 to UTC+7 and is supposed to come into effect on 2016-05-29 at 2772# 2:00. The bill needs to be approved in the second and the third readings by 2773# the State Duma, approved by the Federation Council, signed by the President 2774# and published to become a law. Minor changes in the text are to be expected 2775# before the second reading (references need to be updated to account for the 2776# recent changes). 2777# 2778# Judging by the ultra-short one-day amendments period, recent similar laws, 2779# the State Duma schedule and the Federation Council schedule 2780# http://www.duma.gov.ru/legislative/planning/day-shedule/por_vesna_2016/ 2781# http://council.gov.ru/activity/meetings/schedule/63303 2782# I speculate that the final text of the bill will be proposed tomorrow, the 2783# bill will be approved in the second and the third readings on Friday, 2784# approved by the Federation Council on 2016-04-20, signed by the President and 2785# published as a law around 2016-04-26. 2786 2787# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-26): 2788# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048 2789 2790Zone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:51 - LMT 1919 Dec 22 2791 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2792 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2793 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2794 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2002 May 1 3:00 2795 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2796 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2797 6:00 - +06 2016 May 29 2:00s 2798 7:00 - +07 2799 2800 2801# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2802# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers... 2803# 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast 2804 2805# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): 2806# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on 2807# March 28, 2010: 2808# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 2809# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 2810# 2811# This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September 2812# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth 2813# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) 2814# 2815# Russian Government web site (Russian language) 2816# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm 2817# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference 2818# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 2819# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html 2820# 2821# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 2822# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. 2823 2824# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 2825# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus 2826# realigning itself with KRAT. 2827 2828Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1 2829 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2830 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2831 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2832 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2833 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2834 7:00 - +07 2835 2836# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2837# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers... 2838# 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic 2839# 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of 2840# 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai 2841# 2842# Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr 2843# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai. 2844 2845# Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26. 2846 2847Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 2848 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 2849 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2850 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2851 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2852 8:00 - KRAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2853 7:00 - KRAT 2854 2855 2856# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2857# Asia/Irkutsk covers... 2858# 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of 2859# 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast 2860# 2861# Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was 2862# merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast. 2863 2864# Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15. 2865# Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05. 2866# Go with Byalokoz. 2867 2868Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880 2869 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 2870 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 2871 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2872 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2873 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2874 9:00 - IRKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2875 8:00 - IRKT 2876 2877 2878# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2879# Asia/Chita covers... 2880# 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai 2881# 2882# Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat 2883# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai. 2884 2885# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02): 2886# [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) - 2887# Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9. Effective date will 2888# be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am.... 2889# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107 2890 2891Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2892 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2893 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2894 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2895 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2896 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2897 8:00 - IRKT 2016 Mar 27 2:00 2898 9:00 - YAKT 2899 2900 2901# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2902# Asia/Yakutsk covers... 2903# 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast 2904# 2905# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2906# 14-02 **** Aldansky District 2907# 14-04 **** Amginsky District 2908# 14-05 **** Anabarsky District 2909# 14-06 **** Bulunsky District 2910# 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District 2911# 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District 2912# 14-11 **** Gorny District 2913# 14-12 **** Zhigansky District 2914# 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District 2915# 14-14 **** Lensky District 2916# 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District 2917# 14-16 **** Mirninsky District 2918# 14-18 **** Namsky District 2919# 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District 2920# 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District 2921# 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District 2922# 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District 2923# 14-26 **** Suntarsky District 2924# 14-27 **** Tattinsky District 2925# 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District 2926# 14-32 **** Khangalassky District 2927# 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District 2928# 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District 2929 2930# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2931# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District. 2932# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too. 2933# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk. 2934 2935# Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58. 2936 2937Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2938 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2939 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2940 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2941 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2942 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2943 9:00 - YAKT 2944 2945 2946# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2947# Asia/Vladivostok covers... 2948# 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai 2949# 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai 2950# 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast 2951# 2952# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2953# 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District 2954# 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District 2955 2956# Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5. 2957# Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31. 2958# Go with Byalokoz. 2959 2960Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 2961 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 2962 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2963 9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2964 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2965 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2966 10:00 - VLAT 2967 2968 2969# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2970# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2971# 14-28 **** Tomponsky District 2972# 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District 2973 2974# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2975# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time 2976# in 2011. 2977 2978# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25): 2979# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time. 2980# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004. 2981# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info. 2982 2983Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2984 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2985 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2986 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2987 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004 2988 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2989 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 2990 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2991 9:00 - YAKT 2992 2993 2994# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2995# Asia/Sakhalin covers... 2996# 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast 2997# ...with the exception of: 2998# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) 2999 3000# From Matt Johnson (2016-02-22): 3001# Asia/Sakhalin is moving (in entirety) from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ... 3002# (2016-03-09): 3003# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090044 3004 3005# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 3006Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 3007 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 3008 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 3009 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T 3010 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3011 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 3012 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3013 11:00 - SAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3014 10:00 - SAKT 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 3015 11:00 - SAKT 3016 3017 3018# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 3019# Asia/Magadan covers... 3020# 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast 3021 3022# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 3023# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however, 3024# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of 3025# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented 3026# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will 3027# need their own zone. 3028 3029# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-03-27): 3030# ... draft bill 948300-6 to change its time zone from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ... 3031# will take ... effect ... on April 24, 2016 at 2 o'clock 3032# 3033# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-05): 3034# ... signed by the President today ... 3035# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038 3036 3037Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 3038 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 3039 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3040 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3041 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3042 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3043 10:00 - MAGT 2016 Apr 24 2:00s 3044 11:00 - MAGT 3045 3046 3047# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 3048# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 3049# 14-01 **** Abyysky District 3050# 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District 3051# 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District 3052# 14-17 **** Momsky District 3053# 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District 3054# 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District 3055# 3056# ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast: 3057# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) 3058 3059# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02): 3060# Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with 3061# most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on 3062# 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District 3063# of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by 3064# Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11. 3065 3066# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 3067# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27. 3068# There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone 3069# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary. 3070# 3071# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these 3072# districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently 3073# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females 3074# each! (Yikes!) 3075# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276 3076# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493 3077# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one. 3078# 3079# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have 3080# fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the 3081# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most 3082# recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of 3083# http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf 3084# in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older 3085# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining. 3086# Go with Srednekolymsk. 3087# 3088# Since Magadan Oblast moves to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26, we cannot keep using MAGT 3089# as the abbreviation. Use SRET instead. 3090 3091Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 3092 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 3093 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3094 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3095 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3096 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3097 11:00 - SRET # Srednekolymsk Time 3098 3099 3100# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3101# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 3102# 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District 3103 3104# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 3105# Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from 3106# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011. 3107# 3108# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 3109# It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch, 3110# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of 3111# Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on 3112# UTC+12 since at least then, too. 3113 3114Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 3115 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 3116 9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1 3117 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3118 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3119 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3120 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 3121 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3122 10:00 - VLAT 3123 3124 3125# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 3126# Asia/Kamchatka covers... 3127# 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai 3128# 3129# Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak 3130# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai. 3131 3132# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps 3133# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long. 3134Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 3135 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time 3136 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3137 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3138 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 3139 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3140 12:00 - PETT 3141 3142 3143# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3144# Asia/Anadyr covers... 3145# 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug 3146 3147Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 3148 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 3149 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 3150 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3151 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3152 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 3153 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3154 12:00 - ANAT 3155 3156 3157# San Marino 3158# See Europe/Rome. 3159 3160# Serbia 3161# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3162Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 3163 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 3164 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 3165 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 3166 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 3167# Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of 3168# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 3169# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj. 3170 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 3171 1:00 EU CE%sT 3172Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 3173Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro 3174Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 3175Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 3176Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 3177 3178# Slovakia 3179Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 3180 3181# Slovenia 3182# See Europe/Belgrade. 3183 3184# Spain 3185# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3186# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; 3187# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3188Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 3189Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 3190Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 3191Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 3192# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3193Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 3194# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3195Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 3196Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 3197# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3198Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 3199Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 3200Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 3201Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 3202# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; 3203# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3204Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S 3205Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 3206Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S 3207Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 3208Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S 3209# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3210Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 3211Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S 3212Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M 3213Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S 3214Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S 3215Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S 3216Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 3217Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 3218Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - 3219Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 3220Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 3221Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 3222Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 3223Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 3224Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 3225# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 3226Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 3227Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3228Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 3229Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 3230Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3231Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 3232Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 3233Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3234Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 3235# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3236Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s 3237 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 3238 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 3239 1:00 EU CE%sT 3240Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 3241 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 3242 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 3243 0:00 - WET 1924 3244 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 3245 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 3246 1:00 - CET 1986 3247 1:00 EU CE%sT 3248Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 3249 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries T 3250 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 3251 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u 3252 0:00 EU WE%sT 3253# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 3254# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 3255 3256# Sweden 3257 3258# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: 3259# 3260# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: 3261# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all 3262# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at 3263# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the 3264# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. 3265# 3266# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" 3267# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the 3268# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... 3269# 3270# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk 3271# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning 3272# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at 3273# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English 3274# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west 3275# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 3276# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time 3277# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 3278# 3279# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states 3280# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is 3281# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... 3282# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". 3283# 3284# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish 3285# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are 3286# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available 3287# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type 3288# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click 3289# the Sök-button). 3290# 3291# (2001-05-13): 3292# 3293# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 3294# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 3295# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some 3296# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already 3297# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another 3298# hour before the event took place. 3299# 3300# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. 3301 3302# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3303Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 3304 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 3305 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 3306 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00 3307 1:00 - CET 1980 3308 1:00 EU CE%sT 3309 3310# Switzerland 3311# From Howse: 3312# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 3313# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 3314# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 .... 3315# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3316# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"): 3317# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 3318# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 3319# From Shanks & Pottenger: 3320# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 3321# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 3322 3323# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): 3324# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. 3325# 3326# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values 3327# to be wrong. This is now verified. 3328# 3329# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal 3330# government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss 3331# federal law collection)... 3332# 3333# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am 3334# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. 3335# 3336# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am 3337# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am 3338# 3339# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. 3340# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law 3341# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any 3342# other years are made. 3343# 3344# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported 3345# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous 3346# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such 3347# a thing had happened in Switzerland. 3348# 3349# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de 3350# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is 3351# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled 3352# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. 3353# 3354# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: 3355# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 3356# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 3357# 3358# The 1940 rules must be deleted. 3359# 3360# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for 3361# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ... 3362# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of 3363# the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not 3364# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. 3365# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. 3366# 3367# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11): 3368# The Federal regulations say 3369# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html 3370# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50". 3371# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s. 3372 3373# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11): 3374# the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893) 3375# http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353 3376# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight 3377# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one 3378# hour before the beginning of service. 3379 3380# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11): 3381# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46. 3382# 3383# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland 3384# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book: 3385# 3386# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und 3387# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995, 3388# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797. 3389# 3390# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not 3391# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the 3392# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the 3393# "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on 3394# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16 3395# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in 3396# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph 3397# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso" 3398# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on 3399# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and 3400# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date. 3401 3402# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3403Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 3404Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 3405# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3406Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. 3407 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 3408 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 3409 1:00 EU CE%sT 3410 3411# Turkey 3412 3413# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03): 3414# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now. 3415# ... The latest rules are available at: 3416# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107 3417# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03): 3418# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that 3419# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure 3420# what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001: 3421# http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm 3422# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT 3423# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM 3424# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016 3425# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021 3426# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027 3427# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03): 3428# Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990. 3429 3430# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): 3431# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC 3432# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): 3433# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp 3434# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: 3435# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm 3436# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document 3437# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: 3438# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm 3439 3440# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): 3441# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer 3442# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. 3443# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. 3444# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 3445# Turkish: 3446# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373 3447 3448# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14): 3449# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the 3450# Turkish Local election.... 3451# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik 3452# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m. 3453# From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15): 3454# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31, 3455# I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST 3456# change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time. 3457# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15): 3458# The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule 3459# change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See: 3460# Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency 3461# http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30. 3462# I guess the best we can do is document the official time. 3463 3464# From Fatih (2015-09-29): 3465# It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy. 3466# Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00 3467# http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217 3468# 3469# From BBC News (2015-10-25): 3470# Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a 3471# government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan 3472# Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan. 3473# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326 3474 3475# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3476Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3477Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3478Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 3479Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 3480Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 3481Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 3482Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 3483Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3484# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; 3485# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3486Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 3487Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3488Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3489Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 3490Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 3491Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 3492Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 3493Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3494# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; 3495# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3496Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 3497Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S 3498Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3499Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3500Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3501Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 3502Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 3503Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 3504Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 3505Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 3506Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3507Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 3508Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3509Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 3510Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3511Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 3512Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 3513Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 3514Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 3515Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 3516Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 3517Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 3518Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 3519Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3520Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3521Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 3522Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S 3523Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 3524Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 3525Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S 3526Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 3527Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S 3528Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 3529Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 3530Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 3531Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 3532Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3533Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3534# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3535Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 3536 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 3537 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 3538 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 3539 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 3540 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u 3541 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u 3542 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u 3543 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u 3544 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u 3545 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u 3546 2:00 EU EE%sT 3547Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 3548 3549# Ukraine 3550# 3551# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice, 3552# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): 3553# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government 3554# regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: 3555# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday 3556# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of 3557# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" 3558 3559# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20): 3560# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to 3561# abolish the transfer clock to winter time. 3562# 3563# Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got 3564# approval from 266 deputies. 3565# 3566# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian) 3567# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/ 3568# 3569# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) 3570# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html 3571# 3572# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian) 3573# http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/ 3574# 3575# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18): 3576# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the 3577# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter 3578# time this year after all. 3579# 3580# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18): 3581# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone 3582# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar 3583# to Russia) was reverted today: 3584# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995 3585# 3586# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted: 3587# The law documents themselves are at 3588# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484 3589 3590# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28): 3591# First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST: 3592# 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST 3593# 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3594# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134. 3595# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html 3596# 3597# They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law, 3598# "summer time" was still in action): 3599# 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3600# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272. 3601# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html 3602# 3603# Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action): 3604# 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3605# 3606# DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended): 3607# 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST 3608# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225. 3609# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm 3610# This is an answer. 3611# 3612# Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure: 3613# 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started 3614# 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended 3615# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139. 3616# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm 3617 3618# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3619# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 3620# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 3621# "Kiev" is more common in English. 3622Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 3623 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 3624 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3625 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 3626 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 3627 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00 3628 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00 3629 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3630 2:00 EU EE%sT 3631# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 3632# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but 3633# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. 3634Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 3635 1:00 - CET 1940 3636 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 3637 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 3638 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 3639 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 3640 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 3641 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 3642 2:00 - EET 1992 3643 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3644 2:00 EU EE%sT 3645# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 3646# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 3647# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English 3648# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in 3649# portable Posix file names. 3650Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 3651 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 3652 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3653 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 3654 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 3655 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3656 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3657 2:00 EU EE%sT 3658 3659# Vatican City 3660# See Europe/Rome. 3661 3662############################################################################### 3663 3664# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 3665# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 3666# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 3667# 3668# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 3669# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 3670# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 3671# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 3672# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 3673# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 3674 3675# ... 3676# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 3677# From: Tom Hofmann 3678# ... 3679# 3680# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 3681# most European countries started DST. Before that year, only 3682# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 3683# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 3684# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 3685# years... 3686# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 3687# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 3688# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 3689# lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now. 3690# 3691# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 3692# Soviet Union (as far as I know). 3693# 3694# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 3695# 4002 Basle, Switzerland 3696# ... 3697 3698# ... 3699# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 3700# From: Dik T. Winter 3701# ... 3702# 3703# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 3704# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 3705# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 3706# 3707# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 3708# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 3709# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 3710# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 3711# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 3712# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 3713# dates... 3714# 3715# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 3716# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 3717# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 3718# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 3719# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 3720# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 3721# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 3722# in advance of normal time. 3723# 3724# ... 3725# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 3726# ... 3727 3728# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 3729# ... 3730# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 3731# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 3732# ... 3733# Monaco: has same DST as France. 3734# ... 3735