1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 7# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 8 9# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 10# 11# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 15# 16# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 17# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 19# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 20# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 21# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 22# 23# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 24# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 25# 26# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 27# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 28# 29# Other sources occasionally used include: 30# 31# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 32# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 33# which I found in the UCLA library. 34# 35# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition 36# <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf> 37# [PDF] (1914-03) 38# 39# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 40# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes: 41# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables 42# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, 43# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. 44# 45# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 46# This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see 47# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html 48# The full Russian citation is: 49# Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток 50# введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го 51# июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград: 52# Десятая гос. тип., 1919. 53# http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf 54# 55# Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO), 56# History of Summer Time 57# <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm> 58# (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 59 60# 61# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 62# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 63# Corrections are welcome! 64# std dst 2dst 65# LMT Local Mean Time 66# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 67# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 68# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 69# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer 70# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 71# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe 72# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* 73# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* 74# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971) 75# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 76# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* 77# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 78# 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe (2011-2014)* 79# 3:00 MSK MSD MSM* Minsk, Moscow 80 81# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), 82# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 83# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 84# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 85# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 86# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 87# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 88# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 89# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 90# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 91# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 92# ... 93# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 94# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 95# ... 96# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 97# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 98# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 99# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 100# in the Directive. 101 102 103############################################################################### 104 105# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 106 107# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): 108# 109# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 110# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 111# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 112# of the text said: 113# 114# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 115# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 116# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 117# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 118# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 119# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 120# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 121# 122# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 123# position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should 124# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 125# 126# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 127 128# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 129# 130# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 131# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 132# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 133# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 134# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 135# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 136# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 137# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 138# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 139# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 140# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 141# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 142# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 143# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 144# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 145# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 146# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 147# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 148# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 149# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 150# 151# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 152# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 153# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 154 155# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19): 156# The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time 157# informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year. 158# Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the 159# New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946), 160# whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value 161# after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research. 162# In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society 163# that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See: 164# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg. 165# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734 166# http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html 167# Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal 168# did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten. 169# 170# In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915), 171# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 172# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907) 173# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 174# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 175# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 176# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 177# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 178# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 179# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 180# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in 181# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular 182# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, 183# designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial, 184# which is permanently set to Summer Time. 185 186# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): 187# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of 188# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country 189# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which 190# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the 191# foundations of civilization throughout the world. 192# -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly; 193# republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26 194# http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf 195 196# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08): 197# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving" 198# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 199# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 200# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer". 201# The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see: 202# Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press 203# ISBN 978-1-107-49471-8 (1949, reissued 2015), p 8. 204 205# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 206# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 207# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 208 209# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 210# From: Jonathan Leffler 211# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 212# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 213# politics making a fortune, not computing. 214 215# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): 216# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 217# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 218# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 219# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 220 221# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 222# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 223# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 224# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 225 226# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): 227# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir 228# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any 229# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't 230# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British 231# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. 232# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png 233# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png 234 235# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 236# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 237# which is to be introduced in May.... 238# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 239# which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 240 241# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 242# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common 243# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 244# so we use 'BDST'. 245 246# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length 247# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 248# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating 249# and extending this list, which can be found in 250# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ 251 252# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): 253# 254# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 255# see Lord Tanlaw's speech 256# http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0 257# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976). 258 259# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 260# 261# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. 262# 263# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger 264# are incorrect: 265# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 266# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 267# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 268# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 269# It actually just had one transition. 270# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 271# Actually, it conformed to Britain. 272# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 273# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 274# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 275# 276# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: 277# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 278# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 279# conform with Great Britain. 280# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 281# 282# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; 283# we'll ignore it for now. 284# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 285# 286# 287# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than 288# Shanks & Pottenger. 289# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory 290# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was 291# to London. For example: 292# 293# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 294# -- James Joyce, Ulysses 295 296# "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time 297# was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that 298# would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed 299# Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'." 300# -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising. 301# Irish Times 2014-10-27. 302# http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411 303 304# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): 305# Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>. 306# These include various relating to legal time, for example: 307# 308# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html 309# 310# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html 311# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html 312# 313# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html 314# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html 315# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html 316# 317# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html 318# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html 319# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html 320# 321# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is 322# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] 323# 324# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these 325# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 326# the laws applicable in Ireland.) 327# 328# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 329# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 330# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 331# being GMT+1.) 332 333# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 334# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 335# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 336# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 337# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 338# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 339# and Frethun run in CT. 340# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 341# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 342# and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 343# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 344# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 345# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 346 347# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 348# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 349# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC. 350# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 351# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 352# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 353# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 354 355# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 356# Summer Time Act, 1916 357Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 358Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 359# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 360Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 361Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 362# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 363Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 364Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 365# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 366Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 367Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 368# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 369Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 370# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 371Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 372# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 373Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 374Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 375# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 376Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 377Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 378# The Summer Time Act, 1922 379Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 380Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 381Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 382Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 383# The Summer Time Act, 1925 384Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 385Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 386Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 387Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 388Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 389Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 390Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 391Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 392Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 393Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 394Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 395# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 396Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 397# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 398Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 399# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 400Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 401Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 402# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 403Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 404# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 405Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 406# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 407Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 408Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 409# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 410Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 411Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 412# The Summer Time Act, 1947 413Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 414Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 415Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 416Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 417# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 418Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 419Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 420# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 421Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 422Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 423# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 424# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 425# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 426Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 427Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 428# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 429Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 430Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 431Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 432Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 433Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 434Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 435Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 436# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 437# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 438# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 439Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 440Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 441# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 442# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 443# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 444Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 445# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 446Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 447# The British Standard Time Act, 1968 448# (no summer time) 449# The Summer Time Act, 1972 450Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 451Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 452# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 453# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 454# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 455# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 456Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 457Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 458# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 459# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 460# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 461Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 462# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 463# See EU for rules starting in 1996. 464# 465# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. 466 467# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 468Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s 469 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 470 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 471 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 472 0:00 EU GMT/BST 473Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey 474Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey 475Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man 476 477# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 478Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 479 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 480 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 481 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 482 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 483 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 484 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 485 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 486 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 487 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 488 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 489 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 490 0:00 EU GMT/IST 491 492############################################################################### 493 494# Europe 495 496# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 497# Common Market, etc. 498 499# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 500Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 501Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 502Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 503Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 504Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 505Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 506# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: 507# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 508# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. 509# http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT 510 511# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 512Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 513Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 514Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 515Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 516Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 517Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 518 519# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 520# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 521Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 522Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 523Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 524Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 525Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 526Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 527Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 528Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 529Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 530# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 531Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 532# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13): 533# 534# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s 535# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was 536# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the 537# tz database itself, as seen below: 538# 539# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 540# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 541# 542# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 543# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 544# 545# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 546# 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 547# 548# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 549# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 550# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 551# 552# The rule line to be changed is: 553# 554# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - 555# 556# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on 557# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no 558# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items 559# affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms 560# CET and MET: 561# 562# Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 563# Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 564# 565# It this is right then the corrected version would look like: 566# 567# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 568# 569# A small step for mankind though 8-) 570Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 571Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 572Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 573Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 574Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 575Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 576Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 577 578# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 579Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 580Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 581Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 582Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 583Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 584Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 585 586# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 587Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 588Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 589Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 590Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 591Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 592Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 MSD 593Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK 594Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD 595Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer 596Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD 597Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 598# Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 599Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 600Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 601# Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 602# Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 603Rule Russia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 604Rule Russia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 605# 606Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 607# As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data. 608 609# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 610# Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of 611# Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the 612# Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227. 613# 614# I did not find full texts of these acts. For the 1989 one we have 615# title at http://base.garant.ru/70754136/ : 616# "About change in calculation of time on the territories of 617# Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan, 618# Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts". 619# And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to 620# contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules 621# of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov 622# oblasts. Since last Sunday of March 1989: 623# a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast: 624# second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-1); 625# b) Astrakhan, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk oblasts: second time belt 626# rules (Moscow time) 627# c) Uralsk oblast: third time belt rules (Moscow+1). 628 629# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): 630# Unamended version of the act of the 631# Government of the Russian Federation No. 23 from 08.01.1992 632# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102014034&rdk=0 633# says that every year clocks were to be moved forward on last Sunday 634# of March at 2 hours and moved backwards on last Sunday of September 635# at 3 hours. It was amended in 1996 to replace September with October. 636 637# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14): 638# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev 639# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011. 640# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time. 641# 642# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): 643# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 644# 645# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): 646# http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html 647 648# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 649# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered 650# to be standard. 651 652# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 653 654# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 655Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 656Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 657Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 658Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 659 660# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 661# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 662 663# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): 664# The official German names ... are 665# 666# Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 667# Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 668# 669# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 670# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 671# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 672# 673# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 674# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 675# Postfach 3345 676# D-38023 Braunschweig 677# phone: +49 531 592-0 678# 679# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 680# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 681# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 682# 683# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 684# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 685 686 687# Albania 688# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 689Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 690Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 691Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 692Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 693Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 694Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 695Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 696Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 697Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 698Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 699Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 700Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 701Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 702Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 703Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 704Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 705Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 706Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 707Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 708Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 709Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 710Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 711Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 712Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 713Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 714# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 715Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 716 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 717 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 718 1:00 EU CE%sT 719 720# Andorra 721# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 722Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 723 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 724 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 725 1:00 EU CE%sT 726 727# Austria 728 729# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21. 730 731# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and 732# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and 733# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" 734# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition 735# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, 736# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. 737 738# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 739Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 740Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 741Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 742Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 743Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 744Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 745Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 746Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 747# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 748Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr 749 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 750 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 751 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 752 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 753 1:00 - CET 1946 754 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 755 1:00 EU CE%sT 756 757# Belarus 758# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16): 759# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to 760# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). 761# 762# Sources (Russian language): 763# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html 764# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ 765# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html 766# 767# From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09): 768# Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time.... 769# http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html 770# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-08): 771# Hence Belarus can share time zone abbreviations with Moscow again. 772# 773# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 774Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 775 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 776 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 777 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 778 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 779 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 780 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 781 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 782 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s 783 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s 784 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 785 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 1:00s 786 3:00 - MSK 787 788# Belgium 789# 790# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 791# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 792# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 793# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991 794# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 795# pp 8-9. 796# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 797# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. 798# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references. 799# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 800# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 801# 802# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 803Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 804Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 805Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 806Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 807Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 808Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 809Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 810Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 811Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 812Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 813Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 814Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 815# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 816# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 817# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 818# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 819Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 820Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 821Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 822Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 823Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 824Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 825Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 826Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 827Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 828Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 829Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 830Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 831Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 832Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 833Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 834Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 835Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 836Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 837Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 838Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 839Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 840Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 841# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 842Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 843 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 844 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 845 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 846 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 847 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 848 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 849 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 850 1:00 EU CE%sT 851 852# Bosnia and Herzegovina 853# See Europe/Belgrade. 854 855# Bulgaria 856# 857# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 858# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No. 94/1997) says: 859# EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 860# EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 861# 862# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 863Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 864Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 865Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S 866Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 867Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 868# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 869Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 870 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 871 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 872 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 873 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 874 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 875 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 3:00 876 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 877 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 878 2:00 EU EE%sT 879 880# Croatia 881# See Europe/Belgrade. 882 883# Cyprus 884# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. 885 886# Czech Republic 887# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 888Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 889Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 890Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 891Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 892Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 893Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 894Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 895# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 896Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 897 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 898 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 899 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 900 1:00 EU CE%sT 901# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia. 902 903# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland 904 905# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 906# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law 907# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 908# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL 909# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. 910# 911# The EU treaty with effect from 1973: 912# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL 913# 914# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes 915# in subsequent decrees with the law 916# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL 917# 918# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have 919# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST 920# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to 921# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from 922# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know 923# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only 924# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: 925# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning 926# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which 927# was suspended on that night): 928# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL 929 930# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11): 931# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between 932# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. 933 934# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): 935# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not 936# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. 937 938# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 939Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 940Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 941Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 942Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 943Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 944Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 945Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 946Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 947Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 948Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 949Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 950# 951# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 952Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 953 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT 954 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 955 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 956 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 957 1:00 EU CE%sT 958Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn 959 0:00 - WET 1981 960 0:00 EU WE%sT 961# 962# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): 963# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in 964# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. 965# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. 966# 967# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 968# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 969# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 970# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb 971# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 972# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 973 974# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing 975# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), 976# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: 977# 978# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC 979# is according to the following time line: 980# 981# The military zone near Thule UTC-4 982# Standard Greenland time UTC-3 983# Scoresbysund UTC-1 984# Danmarkshavn UTC 985# 986# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be 987# introduced. 988 989# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): 990# 991# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at 992# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have 993# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have 994# info from earlier correspondence.] 995# 996# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule 997# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight 998# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... 999# 1000# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund 1001# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. 1002# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the 1003# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th 1004# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in 1005# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the 1006# DPC research station at Zackenberg. 1007# 1008# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use 1009# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb). 1010# 1011# The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it 1012# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time 1013# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. 1014# 1015# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and 1016# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators 1017# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of 1018# this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be 1019# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. 1020 1021# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): 1022# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place 1023# there at 2:00 AM. 1024 1025# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1026# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; 1027# the 1995 map as like Godthåb. 1028# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996. 1029# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, 1030# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. 1031# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. 1032 1033# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 1034# "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named 1035# "National Park" by Executive Order: 1036# http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf 1037# It is their only National Park. 1038# 1039# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1040Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1041Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 1042Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1043Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1044Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1045Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 1046# 1047# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1048Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 1049 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1050 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 1051 0:00 - GMT 1052Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit 1053 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1054 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 1055 -1:00 EU EG%sT 1056Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 1057 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1058 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1059Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base 1060 -4:00 Thule A%sT 1061 1062# Estonia 1063# 1064# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 1065# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 1066# 1067# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): 1068# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 1069# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 1070# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 1071# 1072# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): 1073# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 1074# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 1075# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 1076# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 1077# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 1078# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 1079# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 1080# summer time next spring." 1081 1082# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 1083# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 1084# http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390 1085# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 1086# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120). 1087# 1088# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 1089# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 1090# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 1091 1092# From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09) 1093# via Steffen Thorsen: 1094# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 1095# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 1096# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 1097# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 1098# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 1099# after that. 1100 1101# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 1102# Regulation No. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 1103# No. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 1104# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 1105 1106# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): 1107# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. 1108# Now we are using again EU rules. 1109# 1110# From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28): 1111# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. 1112 1113# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1114Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1115 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1116 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1117 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 1118 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 1119 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1120 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 1121 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1122 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 1123 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 1124 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Oct 31 4:00 1125 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 1126 2:00 EU EE%sT 1127 1128# Finland 1129 1130# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): 1131# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 1132# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1133 1134# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15): 1135# 1136# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. 1137# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour 1138# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made 1139# according to the central European standards. 1140# 1141# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac 1142# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in 1143# Finnish) at 1144# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf 1145# 1146# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings 1147# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. 1148# 1149# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: 1150# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401 1151# 1152# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not 1153# exist tonight." 1154 1155# From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13): 1156# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013] 1157# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf 1158# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942 1159# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942, 1160# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper 1161# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday".... 1162# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards. 1163# 1164# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14): 1165# Go with Oja over Shanks. 1166 1167# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1168Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S 1169Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 - 1170Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1171Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1172 1173# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document); 1174# round to nearest. 1175 1176# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1177Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31 1178 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 1179 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 1180 2:00 EU EE%sT 1181 1182# Åland Is 1183Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn 1184 1185 1186# France 1187 1188# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): 1189# 1190# Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions 1191# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 1192# 1193# Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel, 1194# Paris, 1991 1195# 1196# Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie, 1197# Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987 1198 1199 1200# 1201# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. 1202# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1203Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1204Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 1205Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1206Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1207Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1208Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1209Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 1210Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1211Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 1212Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1213# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 1214# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 1215# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1216Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1217Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1218Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1219Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 1220Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1221Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1222Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1223Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1224Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 1225Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1226Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 1227Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1228Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1229Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 1230Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1231Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 1232Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1233Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1234Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1235Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1236# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger 1237# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. 1238# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez, 1239# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La 1240# Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes, 1241# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 1242# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois, 1243# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie). 1244Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1245# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 1246# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), 1247# who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 1248# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 1249Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 1250Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 1251Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 1252Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 1253Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 1254Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 1255Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 1256Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 1257Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1258# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 1259# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 1260Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 1261Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 1262# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05, 1263# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 1264# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 1265# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 1266# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1267Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 1268 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT 1269# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 1270 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 1271# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; 1272# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1273 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 1274 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1275 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1276 1:00 EU CE%sT 1277 1278# Germany 1279 1280# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): 1281# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 1282# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 1283# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] 1284 1285# From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23): 1286# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by 1287# http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/ 1288# General [Nikolai] Bersarin. 1289 1290# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): 1291# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf 1292# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. 1293# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so 1294# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4. 1295 1296 1297# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1298Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 1299Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1300Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1301# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition 1302# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger. 1303# Go with the PTB. 1304Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S 1305Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 1306Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 1307Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1308Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1309 1310Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1311Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S 1312Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1313 1314# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1315Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1316 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 1317 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 1318 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 1319 1:00 EU CE%sT 1320 1321# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12): 1322# Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton 1323# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE 1324# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did. 1325# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1, 1326# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin. 1327# 1328# Source for the time in Büsingen 1980: 1329# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3 1330 1331# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03): 1332# Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. 1333 1334Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen 1335 1336# Georgia 1337# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. 1338# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) 1339# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. 1340 1341# Gibraltar 1342# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1343Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s 1344 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 1345 1:00 - CET 1982 1346 1:00 EU CE%sT 1347 1348# Greece 1349# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1350# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1351Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 1352Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1353# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1354Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 1355# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1356Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1357Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 1358Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1359# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1360Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1361Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 1362Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 1363Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 1364Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 1365Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 1366Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1367Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 1368Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 1369Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 1370Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1371Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1372Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1373# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1374Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 1375 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 1376 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 1377 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 1378 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1379 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; 1380 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 1381 2:00 EU EE%sT 1382 1383# Hungary 1384# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): 1385# Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from: 1386# Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945. 1387# National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29). 1388# http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html 1389# This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks 1390# & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates). 1391# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1392Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 1393Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1394Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 1395Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 - 1396Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 1397Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1398Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 1399Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1400Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 1401Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1402Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 1403Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 1404Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1405Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1406Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1407Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 1408Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1409Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 1410# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1411Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 1412 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 1413 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8 1414 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1415 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 1416 1:00 EU CE%sT 1417 1418# Iceland 1419# 1420# From Adam David (1993-11-06): 1421# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 1422# 1423# (1993-12-05): 1424# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 1425# Iceland Almanak. 1426# 1427# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 1428# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 1429# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 1430# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 1431# 1432# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 1433# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 1434# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 1435# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 1436# 1437# (1993-12-10): 1438# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 1439# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 1440# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 1441# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 1442# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 1443# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 1444# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 1445# might mean something else (???). 1446# 1447# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22): 1448# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see 1449# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html 1450# 1451# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1452Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 1453Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1454Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 1455Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 S 1456Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 - 1457Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 1458Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 - 1459Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1460Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 - 1461Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 S 1462# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 1463Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1464Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1465# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 1466Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1467# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week 1468Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 1469Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1470Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 1471# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1472Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908 1473 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 1474 0:00 - GMT 1475 1476# Italy 1477# 1478# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): 1479# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, 1480# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). 1481# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. 1482# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, 1483# so record only the time in Rome. 1484# 1485# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1486# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and 1487# F. Pollastri 1488# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03) 1489# http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html 1490# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute 1491# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 1492# 1493# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 1494# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 1495# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1496# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 1497# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 1498# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S 1499# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W 1500# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S 1501# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1502# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S 1503# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1504# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) 1505# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1506# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1507# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S 1508# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S 1509# 1510# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1511Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 1512Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1513Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1514Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1515Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S 1516Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1517Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S 1518Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1519Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - 1520Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S 1521Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - 1522Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 1523Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - 1524Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1525Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 1526Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 1527Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 1528Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1529Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 1530Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1531Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - 1532Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1533Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S 1534Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1535Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1536Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1537Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1538Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S 1539Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1540Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S 1541Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1542Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1543Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1544Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1545Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1546Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1547# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1548Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 1549 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean 1550 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1551 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 1552 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1553 1:00 EU CE%sT 1554 1555Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 1556Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 1557 1558# Latvia 1559 1560# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): 1561 1562# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 1563# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 1564# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 1565# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 1566# 1567# Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 1568# according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 1569# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1570# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 1571# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 1572# 1573# Act No. 592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 1574# according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 1575# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1576# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1577# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 1578# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 1579# 1580# Act No. 81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 1581# according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 1582# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 1583# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 1584# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 1585# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1586# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 1587# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 1588# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 1589# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 1590# 1591# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 1592# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 1593# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 1594 1595# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 1596# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 1597# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 1598# 29-Feb-2000 (No. 79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>, 1599# in Latvian for subscribers only). 1600 1601# From RFE/RL Newsline 1602# http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html 1603# (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: 1604# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will 1605# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. 1606# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their 1607# clocks one hour in the spring.... 1608# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few 1609# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European 1610# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving 1611# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government 1612# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it 1613# appears that they will not do so.... 1614 1615# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1616Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1617Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1618 1619# Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time). 1620# Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34. 1621# Go with Byalokoz. 1622 1623# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1624Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880 1625 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT 1626 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST 1627 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1628 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1629 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11 1630 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 1631 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1632 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 1633 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1634 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 1635 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 1636 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1637 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 1638 2:00 EU EE%sT 1639 1640# Liechtenstein 1641 1642# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09): 1643# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich. 1644 1645# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18): 1646# http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf 1647# ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942. 1648# I ... translate only the last two paragraphs: 1649# ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein 1650# introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on 1651# central European time was in force throughout the year. 1652# From a report of the duke's government to the high council, 1653# regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977. 1654 1655Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz 1656 1657 1658# Lithuania 1659 1660# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 1661# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 1662 1663# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1664# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1665# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 1666 1667# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): 1668# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 1669# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 1670 1671# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>, 1672# via Steffen Thorsen: 1673# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 1674# to be valid here starting from October 31, 1675# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 1676# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 1677# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 1678# already done by Estonia. 1679 1680# From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 1681# <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27): 1682# Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 1683 1684# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): 1685# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will 1686# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid 1687# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its 1688# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of 1689# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at 1690# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm 1691 1692 1693# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1694Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1695 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1696 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1697 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 1698 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1699 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 1700 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1701 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 1702 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1703 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1704 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 1705 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1706 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 1707 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 1708 2:00 EU EE%sT 1709 1710# Luxembourg 1711# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; 1712# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1713# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1714Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1715Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1716Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 1717Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 1718Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1719Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 1720Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 1721Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 1722Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 1723Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 1724Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 1725Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 1726Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 1727Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1728Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 1729Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 1730Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 1731Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1732Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1733Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 1734Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 1735Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 1736Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 1737# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1738Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1739 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 1740 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1741 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1742 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1743 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1744 1:00 EU CE%sT 1745 1746# Macedonia 1747# See Europe/Belgrade. 1748 1749# Malta 1750# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1751Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1752Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 1753Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1754Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 1755Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1756Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1757Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1758# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1759Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta 1760 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1761 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1762 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1763 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1764 1:00 EU CE%sT 1765 1766# Moldova 1767 1768# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 1769# the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04 1770# http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2 1771# ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR 1772# time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt 1773# plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be 1774# adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer" 1775# time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and 1776# reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00. 1777 1778# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1779# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write 1780# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 1781# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 1782# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 1783# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 1784# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. 1785# But [two people] separately reported via 1786# Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 1787# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 1788# 1789# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17): 1790# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as 1791# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition 1792# to the Winter Time). 1793# 1794# News (in Russian): 1795# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html 1796# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html 1797# 1798# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry) 1799# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17) 1800# 1801# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19) 1802# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol 1803# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32. 1804# 1805# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed) 1806# 1807# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26) 1808# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point. 1809# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own 1810# decision to abolish DST this winter. 1811# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- 1812# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. 1813# News from Moldova (in russian): 1814# http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html 1815 1816# From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02): 1817# http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077 1818# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01): 1819# The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that 1820# 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also, 1821# http://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara 1822# says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time. 1823# Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU. 1824 1825# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1826Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1827Rule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 1828 1829# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1830Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 1831 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1832 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1833 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 1834 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1835 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1836 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 May 6 2:00 1837 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 1838 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1839# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 1840 2:00 Moldova EE%sT 1841 1842# Monaco 1843# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1844# more precise 0:09:21. 1845# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1846Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1847 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1848 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1849 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1850 1:00 EU CE%sT 1851 1852# Montenegro 1853# See Europe/Belgrade. 1854 1855# Netherlands 1856 1857# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1858# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 1859 1860# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 1861# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 1862# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including 1863# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time 1864# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the 1865# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was 1866# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. 1867# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and 1868# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). 1869# 1870# (2001-04-08): 1871# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to 1872# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common 1873# practice of following Amsterdam mean time. 1874# 1875# (2001-04-09): 1876# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the 1877# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe 1878# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was 1879# actually followed. 1880# 1881# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to 1882# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of 1883# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most 1884# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically 1885# adopted Amsterdam mean time. 1886# 1887# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety 1888# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it 1889# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe 1890# Amsterdam mean time. 1891 1892# The data entries before 1945 are taken from 1893# http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm 1894 1895# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1896Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 1897Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 1898Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1899Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 1900Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1901Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT 1902Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1903Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 1904Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1905Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1906Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1907# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week 1908# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. 1909Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1910Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1911Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1912Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1913Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1914Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 1915Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1916Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1917Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1918# 1919# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted 1920# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. 1921# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1922Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 1923 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 1924 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time 1925 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1926 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1927 1:00 EU CE%sT 1928 1929# Norway 1930# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & 1931# Pottenger. 1932# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1933Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1934Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1935Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1936Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1937Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1938Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1939Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1940# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1941Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 1942 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1943 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1944 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1945 1:00 EU CE%sT 1946 1947# Svalbard & Jan Mayen 1948 1949# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): 1950# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and 1951# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the 1952# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared 1953# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan 1954# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From 1955# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and 1956# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation 1957# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came 1958# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a 1959# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From 1960# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been 1961# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 1962# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by 1963# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 1964# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 1965# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 1966# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 1967 1968# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04): 1969# 1970# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 1971# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was 1972# keeping Berlin time. 1973# 1974# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 1975# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 1976# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 1977# frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 1978# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly 1979# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that 1980# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 1981# 1982# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 1983# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 1984# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 1985# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 1986# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 1987# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) 1988# http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html 1989# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 1990# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 1991# 1992# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo 1993# for these regions. 1994Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 1995 1996# Poland 1997 1998# The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20), 1999# <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2. 2000 2001# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2002Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 2003Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 2004Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 2005# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2006Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2007# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2008Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 2009Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2010# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, 2011# Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., 2012# http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1 2013# Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. 2014# He also gives these further references: 2015# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> 2016# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> 2017Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S 2018Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 2019Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 2020Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2021Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 2022Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 2023Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 2024Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2025Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 2026Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 2027Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 2028Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 2029Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2030Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2031# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2032Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 2033 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 2034 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 2035 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 2036 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 2037 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 2038 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 2039 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 2040 1:00 EU CE%sT 2041 2042# Portugal 2043# 2044# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: 2045# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) 2046# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 2047# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00. 2048# Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees 2049# with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for 2050# Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira. 2051# 2052# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): 2053# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 2054# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 2055# 2056# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 2057# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 2058# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 2059# 2060# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 2061# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 2062# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 2063# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 2064# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 2065# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 2066# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 2067# 2068# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2069# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 2070# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 2071# Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2072Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 2073# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2074Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 2075Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2076Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 2077Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 2078Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2079Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 2080Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2081Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2082Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 2083Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2084Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2085Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 2086Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 2087Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2088Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2089# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2090Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2091Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 2092Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 2093# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2094Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2095# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 2096Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 2097Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2098# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2099Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 2100Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 2101Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2102# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2103Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 2104Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 2105# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 2106Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 2107Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2108Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 2109Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 2110Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 2111Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 2112Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 2113Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 2114Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 2115Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 2116Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2117Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2118Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2119# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 2120# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2121Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2122Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2123Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 2124Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 2125Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 2126Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 2127Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2128Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2129Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2130Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2131# 2132# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2133Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884 2134 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time 2135 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2136 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 2137 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2138 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2139 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 2140 0:00 EU WE%sT 2141Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 2142 -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time 2143 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 2144 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2145 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2146 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 2147 -1:00 EU AZO%sT 2148Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 2149 -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time 2150 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 2151 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2152 0:00 EU WE%sT 2153 2154# Romania 2155# 2156# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 2157# Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html> 2158# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 2159# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 2160# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 2161# the same year as Bulgaria. 2162# 2163# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2164Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 2165Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 2166Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 2167Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 2168Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2169Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 2170Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 2171Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2172Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 2173# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2174Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 2175 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2176 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 2177 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2178 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 2179 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 2180 2:00 EU EE%sT 2181 2182 2183# Russia 2184 2185# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15): 2186# Based on last Russian Government Decree No. 725 on August 31, 2011 2187# (Government document 2188# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/ 2189# in Russian) 2190# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones... 2191# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English 2192# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below: 2193# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm 2194 2195# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27): 2196# Scans of [Decree No. 23 of January 8, 1992] are available at: 2197# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966 2198# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian). 2199 2200# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2201# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia 2202# changed in September 2011: 2203# 2204# One source is 2205# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/ 2206# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31, 2207# 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information. 2208# 2209# Another source is 2210# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html 2211# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the 2212# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also 2213# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on: 2214# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which 2215# does not contain any "effective date" information. 2216# 2217# Another source is 2218# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7 2219# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011... 2220# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2221# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011. 2222# 2223# The Wikipedia article refers to 2224# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896 2225# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page. 2226# 2227# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's 2228# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2229# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to 2230# get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias 2231# Conradi notes). 2232# 2233# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks. 2234# 2235# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s. 2236 2237# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01): 2238# According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency) 2239# http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562 2240# the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to 2241# winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new 2242# regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ... 2243# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02 2244# Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N 2245# 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding 2246# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English): 2247# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html 2248# 2249# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22): 2250# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian) 2251# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711 2252# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660 2253# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279 2254# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this: 2255# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html 2256 2257# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2258# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. 2259# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 2260# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, 2261# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 2262# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 2263# 2264# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 2265# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 2266# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 2267# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 2268# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 2269# 2270# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): 2271# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 2272# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 2273# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 2274# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 2275# 2276# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): 2277# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 2278# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 2279# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 2280# 2281# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 2282# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 2283# News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 2284# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with 2285# the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began 2286# enforcing curfew at the wrong time. 2287# 2288# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): 2289# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in 2290# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the 2291# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan 2292# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok 2293# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are 2294# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have 2295# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. 2296 2297# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2298# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist 2299# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions 2300# are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative 2301# listing. The region codes listed come from 2302# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498 2303# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their 2304# future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level 2305# divisions where available. 2306 2307# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2308 2309 2310# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2311# Europe/Kaliningrad covers... 2312# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast 2313 2314# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2315# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2316 2317# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 2318# http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni 2319# confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented. 2320# (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that 2321# summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But 2322# 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.) 2323# ... 2324# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091 2325# says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided 2326# at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to 2327# Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19. 2328 2329Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 2330 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2331 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 2332 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2333 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2334 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2335 2:00 - EET 2336 2337 2338# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-21), per Tim Parenti (2014-07-03) and 2339# Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2340# Europe/Moscow covers... 2341# 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of 2342# 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of 2343# 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of 2344# 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic 2345# 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of 2346# 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic 2347# 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of 2348# 11 RU-KO Komi Republic 2349# 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic 2350# 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of 2351# 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of 2352# 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of 2353# 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic 2354# 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic 2355# 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai 2356# 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai 2357# 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast 2358# 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast 2359# 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast 2360# 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast 2361# 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast 2362# 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast 2363# 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast 2364# 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast 2365# 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast 2366# 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast 2367# 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast 2368# 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast 2369# 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast 2370# 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast 2371# 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast 2372# 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast 2373# 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast 2374# 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast 2375# 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast 2376# 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast 2377# 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast 2378# 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast 2379# 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast 2380# 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast 2381# 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast 2382# 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast 2383# 77 RU-MOW Moscow 2384# 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg 2385# 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug 2386 2387# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 2388# 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982. 2389# Wikipedia refers to 2390# http://maps.monetonos.ru/maps/raznoe/Old_Maps/Old_Maps/Articles/022/3_1981.html 2391# http://besp.narod.ru/nauka_1981_3.htm 2392# 2393# The second link provides two articles scanned from the Nauka i Zhizn 2394# magazine No. 3, 1981 and a scan of the short article attributed to 2395# the Trud newspaper from February 1982. The first link provides the 2396# same Nauka i Zhizn articles converted to the text form (but misses 2397# time belt changes map). 2398# 2399# The second Nauka i Zhizn article says that in addition to 2400# introduction of summer time on 1981-04-01 there are some time belt 2401# border changes on 1981-10-01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous 2402# Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka 2403# according to the provided map (colored one). In addition to that 2404# "time violators" (regions which were not using rules of the time 2405# belts in which they were located) would not be moving off the DST on 2406# 1981-10-01 to restore the decree time usage. (Komi ASSR was 2407# supposed to repeat that move in October 1982 to account for the 2 2408# hour difference.) Map depicting "time violators" before 1981-10-01 2409# is also provided. 2410# 2411# The article from Trud says that 1981-10-01 changes caused problems 2412# and some territories would be moved to pre-1981-10-01 time by not 2413# moving to summer time on 1982-04-01. Namely: Dagestan, 2414# Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian, 2415# Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol 2416# krais, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo, 2417# Kostroma, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Tyumen and 2418# Yaroslavl oblasts, Nenets and Evenk autonomous okrugs, Khatangsky 2419# district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. As a result Evenk Autonomous 2420# Okrug and Khatangsky district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug would end 2421# up on Moscow+4, Tyumen Oblast on Moscow+2 and the rest on Moscow 2422# time. 2423# 2424# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt 2425# attributes the 1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers 2426# of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982. 1980-925.txt also adds 2427# Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky 2428# district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okurg. Probably erroneously. 2429# 2430# The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow, 2431# Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk. 2432# 2433# 12. Udmurtia 2434# The fact that Udmurtia is depicted as a violator in the Nauka i 2435# Zhizn article hints at Izhevsk being on different time from 2436# Kuybyshev before 1981-10-01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the 1989 act. 2437# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt 2438# implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after 1982-04-01. 2439# Wikipedia implies Udmurtia being on Moscow+1 until 1991. 2440# 2441# ... 2442# 2443# All Russian zones are supposed to have by default a -1 change at 2444# 1991-03-31 2:00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +1 2445# change at 1992-01-19 2:00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia). 2446# 2447# There were some exceptions, though. 2448# Wikipedia says newspapers listed Astrakhan, Saratov, Kirov, Volgograd, 2449# Izhevsk, Grozny, Kazan and Samara as such exceptions for the 1992 2450# change. (Different newspapers providing different lists. And some 2451# lists found in the internet are quite wild.) 2452# 2453# And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment. 2454# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091 2455# says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the 2456# 1991-03-31 switch and one person at 2457# http://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html 2458# says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception 2459# 2 days before the switch. 2460# 2461# 2462# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2463# Given the above, we appear to be missing some Zone entries for the 2464# chaotic early 1980s in Russia. It's not clear what these entries 2465# should be. For now, sweep this under the rug and just document the 2466# time in Moscow. 2467 2468# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08): 2469# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow 2470# Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30").... 2471# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard. 2472# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.) 2473# The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by 2474# Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow 2475# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory 2476# coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" > 2477# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 = 2478# 2:31:19 ... 2479# 2480# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 2481# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in 2482# Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895). 2483# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in 2484# Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky. 2485 2486Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880 2487 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 2488 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2489 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct 2490 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2491 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2492 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2493 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2494 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2495 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2496 3:00 - MSK 2497 2498 2499# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2500# Europe/Simferopol covers... 2501# ** **** Crimea, Republic of 2502# ** **** Sevastopol 2503 2504Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2505 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 2506 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2507 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 2508 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 2509 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2510 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2511 2:00 - EET 1992 2512# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 2513# 2514# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2515# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 2516# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 2517# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened 2518# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say 2519# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it 2520# changed in May. 2521 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 2522# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 2523 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s 2524 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 2525# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 2526# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 2527 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 2528 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 2529# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17): 2530# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014 2531# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html 2532# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30): 2533# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks 2534# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial 2535# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about. 2536 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00 2537 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2538 3:00 - MSK 2539 2540 2541# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2542# Europe/Astrakhan covers: 2543# 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast 2544# 2545# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2546 2547# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-12): 2548# On February 10, 2016 Astrakhan Oblast got approval by the Federation 2549# Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time).... 2550# This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00. 2551# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): 2552# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056 2553 2554Zone Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May 2555 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2556 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2557 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2558 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2559 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2560 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2561 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 2562 4:00 - +04 2563 2564# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2565# Europe/Volgograd covers: 2566# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast 2567# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast 2568# The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04). 2569 2570Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 2571 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time 2572 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time 2573 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11 2574 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1988 Mar 27 2:00s # Volgograd T 2575 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2576 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2577 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2578 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2579 3:00 - MSK 2580 2581# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2582# Europe/Kirov covers: 2583# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast 2584# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2585# 2586Zone Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2587 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2588 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2589 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2590 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2591 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2592 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2593 3:00 - +03 2594 2595# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2596# Europe/Samara covers... 2597# 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic 2598# 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast 2599 2600# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2601# Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20. 2602# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2603 2604Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2605 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samara Time 2606 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27 2607 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev 2608 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2609 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2610 3:00 - SAMT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 2611 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2612 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2613 4:00 - SAMT 2614 2615# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2616# Europe/Ulyanovsk covers: 2617# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast 2618 2619# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2620 2621# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17): 2622# Ulyanovsk ... on their way to change time zones by March 27, 2016 at 2am. 2623# Ulyanovsk Oblast ... from MSK to MSK+1 (UTC+3 to UTC+4) ... 2624# 920582-6 ... 02/17/2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading. 2625# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): 2626# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051 2627 2628Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk 3:13:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2629 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2630 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2631 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2632 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2633 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2634 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2635 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 2636 4:00 - +04 2637 2638# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2639# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers... 2640# 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of 2641# 90 RU-PER Perm Krai 2642# 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast 2643# 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast 2644# 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast 2645# 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast 2646# 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast 2647# 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra 2648# 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug 2649# 2650# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak 2651# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai. 2652 2653# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest. 2654# Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05. 2655# Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard. 2656# The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks. 2657 2658Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3 2659 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 2660 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time 2661 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2662 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2663 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2664 6:00 - YEKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2665 5:00 - YEKT 2666 2667 2668# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2669# Asia/Omsk covers... 2670# 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast 2671 2672# Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30. 2673 2674Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 2675 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time 2676 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2677 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2678 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2679 7:00 - OMST 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2680 6:00 - OMST 2681 2682# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22): 2683# Asia/Barnaul covers: 2684# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic 2685# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai 2686 2687# Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2688 2689# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 2690# Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25 2691# http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm 2692# suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on 2693# 1995-05-28. 2694# 2695# http://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html 2696# has some historical data for Altai Krai: 2697# before 1957: west part on UTC+6, east on UTC+7 2698# after 1957: UTC+7 2699# since 1995: UTC+6 2700# http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html 2701# confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date. 2702 2703# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17): 2704# Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones 2705# by March 27, 2016 at 2am.... 2706# Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ... 2707# Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) 2708# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): 2709# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043 2710# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038 2711 2712Zone Asia/Barnaul 5:35:00 - LMT 1919 Dec 10 2713 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2714 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2715 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2716 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1995 May 28 2717 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2718 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2719 6:00 - +06 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 2720 7:00 - +07 2721 2722# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2723# Asia/Novosibirsk covers: 2724# 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast 2725 2726Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 2727 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time 2728 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2729 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2730 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. 2731 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2732 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2733 6:00 - NOVT 2734 2735# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2736# Asia/Tomsk covers: 2737# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast 2738 2739# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-24): 2740# Byalokoz listed Tomsk at 5:39:51. 2741 2742# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 2743# Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow. 2744 2745# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-19): 2746# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102075743 2747# (fifth time belt being UTC+5+1(decree time) 2748# / UTC+5+1(decree time)+1(summer time)) ... 2749# Note that time belts (numbered from 2 (Moscow) to 12 according to their 2750# GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally 2751# belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced 2752# with time zones in 2011 with different numberings (there was a 2753# 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014). 2754 2755# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-04-12): 2756# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(SpravkaNew)?OpenAgent&RN=1006865-6 2757# This bill was approved in the first reading today. It moves Tomsk oblast 2758# from UTC+6 to UTC+7 and is supposed to come into effect on 2016-05-29 at 2759# 2:00. The bill needs to be approved in the second and the third readings by 2760# the State Duma, approved by the Federation Council, signed by the President 2761# and published to become a law. Minor changes in the text are to be expected 2762# before the second reading (references need to be updated to account for the 2763# recent changes). 2764# 2765# Judging by the ultra-short one-day amendments period, recent similar laws, 2766# the State Duma schedule and the Federation Council schedule 2767# http://www.duma.gov.ru/legislative/planning/day-shedule/por_vesna_2016/ 2768# http://council.gov.ru/activity/meetings/schedule/63303 2769# I speculate that the final text of the bill will be proposed tomorrow, the 2770# bill will be approved in the second and the third readings on Friday, 2771# approved by the Federation Council on 2016-04-20, signed by the President and 2772# published as a law around 2016-04-26. 2773 2774# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-26): 2775# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048 2776 2777Zone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:51 - LMT 1919 Dec 22 2778 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2779 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2780 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2781 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2002 May 1 3:00 2782 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2783 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2784 6:00 - +06 2016 May 29 2:00s 2785 7:00 - +07 2786 2787 2788# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2789# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers... 2790# 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast 2791 2792# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): 2793# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on 2794# March 28, 2010: 2795# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 2796# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 2797# 2798# This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September 2799# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth 2800# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) 2801# 2802# Russian Government web site (Russian language) 2803# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm 2804# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference 2805# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 2806# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html 2807# 2808# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 2809# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. 2810 2811# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 2812# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus 2813# realigning itself with KRAT. 2814 2815Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1 2816 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 2817 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2818 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2819 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2820 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s # Novosibirsk 2821 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2822 7:00 - KRAT # Krasnoyarsk Time 2823 2824 2825# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2826# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers... 2827# 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic 2828# 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of 2829# 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai 2830# 2831# Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr 2832# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai. 2833 2834# Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26. 2835 2836Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 2837 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 2838 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2839 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2840 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2841 8:00 - KRAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2842 7:00 - KRAT 2843 2844 2845# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2846# Asia/Irkutsk covers... 2847# 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of 2848# 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast 2849# 2850# Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was 2851# merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast. 2852 2853# Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15. 2854# Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05. 2855# Go with Byalokoz. 2856 2857Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880 2858 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 2859 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 2860 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2861 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2862 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2863 9:00 - IRKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2864 8:00 - IRKT 2865 2866 2867# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2868# Asia/Chita covers... 2869# 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai 2870# 2871# Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat 2872# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai. 2873 2874# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02): 2875# [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) - 2876# Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9. Effective date will 2877# be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am.... 2878# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107 2879 2880Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2881 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2882 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2883 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2884 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2885 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2886 8:00 - IRKT 2016 Mar 27 2:00 2887 9:00 - YAKT 2888 2889 2890# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2891# Asia/Yakutsk covers... 2892# 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast 2893# 2894# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2895# 14-02 **** Aldansky District 2896# 14-04 **** Amginsky District 2897# 14-05 **** Anabarsky District 2898# 14-06 **** Bulunsky District 2899# 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District 2900# 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District 2901# 14-11 **** Gorny District 2902# 14-12 **** Zhigansky District 2903# 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District 2904# 14-14 **** Lensky District 2905# 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District 2906# 14-16 **** Mirninsky District 2907# 14-18 **** Namsky District 2908# 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District 2909# 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District 2910# 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District 2911# 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District 2912# 14-26 **** Suntarsky District 2913# 14-27 **** Tattinsky District 2914# 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District 2915# 14-32 **** Khangalassky District 2916# 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District 2917# 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District 2918 2919# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2920# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District. 2921# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too. 2922# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk. 2923 2924# Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58. 2925 2926Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2927 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2928 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2929 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2930 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2931 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2932 9:00 - YAKT 2933 2934 2935# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2936# Asia/Vladivostok covers... 2937# 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai 2938# 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai 2939# 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast 2940# 2941# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2942# 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District 2943# 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District 2944 2945# Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5. 2946# Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31. 2947# Go with Byalokoz. 2948 2949Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 2950 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 2951 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2952 9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2953 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2954 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2955 10:00 - VLAT 2956 2957 2958# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2959# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2960# 14-28 **** Tomponsky District 2961# 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District 2962 2963# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2964# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time 2965# in 2011. 2966 2967# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25): 2968# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time. 2969# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004. 2970# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info. 2971 2972Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2973 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2974 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2975 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2976 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004 2977 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2978 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 2979 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2980 9:00 - YAKT 2981 2982 2983# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2984# Asia/Sakhalin covers... 2985# 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast 2986# ...with the exception of: 2987# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) 2988 2989# From Matt Johnson (2016-02-22): 2990# Asia/Sakhalin is moving (in entirety) from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ... 2991# (2016-03-09): 2992# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090044 2993 2994# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 2995Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 2996 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 2997 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 2998 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T 2999 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3000 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 3001 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3002 11:00 - SAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3003 10:00 - SAKT 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 3004 11:00 - SAKT 3005 3006 3007# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 3008# Asia/Magadan covers... 3009# 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast 3010 3011# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 3012# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however, 3013# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of 3014# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented 3015# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will 3016# need their own zone. 3017 3018# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-03-27): 3019# ... draft bill 948300-6 to change its time zone from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ... 3020# will take ... effect ... on April 24, 2016 at 2 o'clock 3021# 3022# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-05): 3023# ... signed by the President today ... 3024# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038 3025 3026Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 3027 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 3028 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3029 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3030 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3031 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3032 10:00 - MAGT 2016 Apr 24 2:00s 3033 11:00 - MAGT 3034 3035 3036# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 3037# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 3038# 14-01 **** Abyysky District 3039# 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District 3040# 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District 3041# 14-17 **** Momsky District 3042# 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District 3043# 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District 3044# 3045# ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast: 3046# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) 3047 3048# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02): 3049# Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with 3050# most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on 3051# 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District 3052# of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by 3053# Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11. 3054 3055# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 3056# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27. 3057# There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone 3058# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary. 3059# 3060# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these 3061# districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently 3062# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females 3063# each! (Yikes!) 3064# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276 3065# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493 3066# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one. 3067# 3068# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have 3069# fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the 3070# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most 3071# recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of 3072# http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf 3073# in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older 3074# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining. 3075# Go with Srednekolymsk. 3076# 3077# Since Magadan Oblast moves to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26, we cannot keep using MAGT 3078# as the abbreviation. Use SRET instead. 3079 3080Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 3081 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 3082 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3083 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3084 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3085 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3086 11:00 - SRET # Srednekolymsk Time 3087 3088 3089# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3090# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 3091# 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District 3092 3093# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 3094# Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from 3095# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011. 3096# 3097# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 3098# It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch, 3099# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of 3100# Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on 3101# UTC+12 since at least then, too. 3102 3103Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 3104 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 3105 9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1 3106 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3107 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3108 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3109 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 3110 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3111 10:00 - VLAT 3112 3113 3114# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 3115# Asia/Kamchatka covers... 3116# 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai 3117# 3118# Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak 3119# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai. 3120 3121# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps 3122# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long. 3123Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 3124 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time 3125 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3126 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3127 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 3128 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3129 12:00 - PETT 3130 3131 3132# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 3133# Asia/Anadyr covers... 3134# 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug 3135 3136Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 3137 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 3138 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 3139 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3140 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3141 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 3142 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3143 12:00 - ANAT 3144 3145 3146# San Marino 3147# See Europe/Rome. 3148 3149# Serbia 3150# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3151Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 3152 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 3153 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 3154 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 3155 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 3156# Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of 3157# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 3158# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj. 3159 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 3160 1:00 EU CE%sT 3161Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 3162Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro 3163Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 3164Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 3165Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 3166 3167# Slovakia 3168Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 3169 3170# Slovenia 3171# See Europe/Belgrade. 3172 3173# Spain 3174# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3175# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; 3176# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3177Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 3178Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 3179Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 3180Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 3181# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3182Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 3183# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3184Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 3185Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 3186# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3187Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 3188Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 3189Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 3190Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 3191# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; 3192# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3193Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S 3194Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 3195Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S 3196Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 3197Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S 3198# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3199Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 3200Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S 3201Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M 3202Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S 3203Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S 3204Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S 3205Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 3206Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 3207Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - 3208Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 3209Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 3210Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 3211Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 3212Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 3213Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 3214# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 3215Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 3216Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3217Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 3218Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 3219Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3220Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 3221Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 3222Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3223Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 3224# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3225Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s 3226 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 3227 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 3228 1:00 EU CE%sT 3229Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 3230 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 3231 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 3232 0:00 - WET 1924 3233 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 3234 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 3235 1:00 - CET 1986 3236 1:00 EU CE%sT 3237Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 3238 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries T 3239 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 3240 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u 3241 0:00 EU WE%sT 3242# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 3243# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 3244 3245# Sweden 3246 3247# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: 3248# 3249# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: 3250# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all 3251# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at 3252# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the 3253# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. 3254# 3255# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" 3256# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the 3257# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... 3258# 3259# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk 3260# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning 3261# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at 3262# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English 3263# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west 3264# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 3265# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time 3266# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 3267# 3268# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states 3269# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is 3270# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... 3271# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". 3272# 3273# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish 3274# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are 3275# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available 3276# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type 3277# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click 3278# the Sök-button). 3279# 3280# (2001-05-13): 3281# 3282# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 3283# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 3284# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some 3285# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already 3286# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another 3287# hour before the event took place. 3288# 3289# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. 3290 3291# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3292Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 3293 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 3294 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 3295 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00 3296 1:00 - CET 1980 3297 1:00 EU CE%sT 3298 3299# Switzerland 3300# From Howse: 3301# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 3302# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 3303# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 .... 3304# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3305# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"): 3306# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 3307# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 3308# From Shanks & Pottenger: 3309# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 3310# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 3311 3312# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): 3313# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. 3314# 3315# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values 3316# to be wrong. This is now verified. 3317# 3318# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal 3319# government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss 3320# federal law collection)... 3321# 3322# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am 3323# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. 3324# 3325# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am 3326# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am 3327# 3328# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. 3329# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law 3330# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any 3331# other years are made. 3332# 3333# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported 3334# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous 3335# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such 3336# a thing had happened in Switzerland. 3337# 3338# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de 3339# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is 3340# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled 3341# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. 3342# 3343# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: 3344# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 3345# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 3346# 3347# The 1940 rules must be deleted. 3348# 3349# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for 3350# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ... 3351# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of 3352# the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not 3353# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. 3354# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. 3355# 3356# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11): 3357# The Federal regulations say 3358# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html 3359# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50". 3360# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s. 3361 3362# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11): 3363# the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893) 3364# http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353 3365# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight 3366# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one 3367# hour before the beginning of service. 3368 3369# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11): 3370# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46. 3371# 3372# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland 3373# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book: 3374# 3375# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und 3376# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995, 3377# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797. 3378# 3379# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not 3380# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the 3381# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the 3382# "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on 3383# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16 3384# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in 3385# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph 3386# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso" 3387# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on 3388# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and 3389# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date. 3390 3391# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3392Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 3393Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 3394# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3395Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. 3396 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 3397 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 3398 1:00 EU CE%sT 3399 3400# Turkey 3401 3402# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03): 3403# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now. 3404# ... The latest rules are available at: 3405# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107 3406# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03): 3407# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that 3408# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure 3409# what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001: 3410# http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm 3411# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT 3412# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM 3413# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016 3414# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021 3415# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027 3416# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03): 3417# Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990. 3418 3419# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): 3420# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC 3421# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): 3422# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp 3423# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: 3424# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm 3425# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document 3426# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: 3427# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm 3428 3429# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): 3430# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer 3431# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. 3432# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. 3433# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 3434# Turkish: 3435# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373 3436 3437# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14): 3438# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the 3439# Turkish Local election.... 3440# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik 3441# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m. 3442# From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15): 3443# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31, 3444# I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST 3445# change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time. 3446# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15): 3447# The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule 3448# change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See: 3449# Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency 3450# http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30. 3451# I guess the best we can do is document the official time. 3452 3453# From Fatih (2015-09-29): 3454# It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy. 3455# Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00 3456# http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217 3457# 3458# From BBC News (2015-10-25): 3459# Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a 3460# government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan 3461# Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan. 3462# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326 3463 3464# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3465Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3466Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3467Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 3468Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 3469Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 3470Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 3471Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 3472Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3473# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; 3474# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3475Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 3476Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3477Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3478Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 3479Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 3480Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 3481Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 3482Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3483# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; 3484# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3485Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 3486Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S 3487Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3488Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3489Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3490Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 3491Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 3492Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 3493Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 3494Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 3495Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3496Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 3497Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3498Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 3499Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3500Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 3501Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 3502Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 3503Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 3504Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 3505Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 3506Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 3507Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 3508Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3509Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3510Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 3511Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S 3512Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 3513Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 3514Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S 3515Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 3516Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S 3517Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 3518Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 3519Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 3520Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 3521Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3522Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3523# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3524Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 3525 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 3526 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 3527 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 3528 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 3529 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u 3530 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u 3531 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u 3532 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u 3533 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u 3534 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u 3535 2:00 EU EE%sT 3536Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 3537 3538# Ukraine 3539# 3540# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice, 3541# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): 3542# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government 3543# regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: 3544# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday 3545# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of 3546# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" 3547 3548# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20): 3549# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to 3550# abolish the transfer clock to winter time. 3551# 3552# Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got 3553# approval from 266 deputies. 3554# 3555# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian) 3556# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/ 3557# 3558# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) 3559# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html 3560# 3561# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian) 3562# http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/ 3563# 3564# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18): 3565# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the 3566# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter 3567# time this year after all. 3568# 3569# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18): 3570# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone 3571# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar 3572# to Russia) was reverted today: 3573# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995 3574# 3575# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted: 3576# The law documents themselves are at 3577# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484 3578 3579# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28): 3580# First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST: 3581# 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST 3582# 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3583# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134. 3584# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html 3585# 3586# They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law, 3587# "summer time" was still in action): 3588# 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3589# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272. 3590# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html 3591# 3592# Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action): 3593# 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3594# 3595# DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended): 3596# 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST 3597# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225. 3598# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm 3599# This is an answer. 3600# 3601# Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure: 3602# 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started 3603# 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended 3604# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139. 3605# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm 3606 3607# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3608# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 3609# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 3610# "Kiev" is more common in English. 3611Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 3612 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 3613 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3614 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 3615 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 3616 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00 3617 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00 3618 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3619 2:00 EU EE%sT 3620# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 3621# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but 3622# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. 3623Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 3624 1:00 - CET 1940 3625 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 3626 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 3627 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 3628 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 3629 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 3630 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 3631 2:00 - EET 1992 3632 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3633 2:00 EU EE%sT 3634# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 3635# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 3636# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English 3637# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in 3638# portable Posix file names. 3639Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 3640 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 3641 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3642 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 3643 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 3644 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3645 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3646 2:00 EU EE%sT 3647 3648# Vatican City 3649# See Europe/Rome. 3650 3651############################################################################### 3652 3653# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 3654# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 3655# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 3656# 3657# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 3658# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 3659# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 3660# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 3661# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 3662# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 3663 3664# ... 3665# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 3666# From: Tom Hofmann 3667# ... 3668# 3669# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 3670# most European countries started DST. Before that year, only 3671# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 3672# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 3673# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 3674# years... 3675# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 3676# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 3677# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 3678# lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now. 3679# 3680# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 3681# Soviet Union (as far as I know). 3682# 3683# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 3684# 4002 Basle, Switzerland 3685# ... 3686 3687# ... 3688# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 3689# From: Dik T. Winter 3690# ... 3691# 3692# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 3693# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 3694# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 3695# 3696# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 3697# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 3698# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 3699# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 3700# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 3701# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 3702# dates... 3703# 3704# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 3705# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 3706# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 3707# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 3708# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 3709# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 3710# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 3711# in advance of normal time. 3712# 3713# ... 3714# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 3715# ... 3716 3717# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 3718# ... 3719# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 3720# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 3721# ... 3722# Monaco: has same DST as France. 3723# ... 3724