xref: /dragonfly/share/zoneinfo/northamerica (revision b7367ef6)
1# @(#)northamerica	8.18
2# <pre>
3
4# also includes Central America and the Caribbean
5
6# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
7# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
8# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
9
10# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
11# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
12# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
13
14###############################################################################
15
16# United States
17
18# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
19# Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
20# Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
21# Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
22# His pamphlet ``A System of National Time for Railroads'' (1870)
23# was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
24# in New York City (1869-10).  His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
25# but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
26# His proposal was adopted by the railroads on 1883-11-18 at 12:00,
27# and the most of the country soon followed suit.
28
29# From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):
30# That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.
31# See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005).
32
33# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
34# A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
35# Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
36# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
37# Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
38# It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below.
39
40# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
41# Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
42# in his whimsical essay ``An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
43# of Light'' published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
44# Not everyone is happy with the results:
45#
46#	I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
47#	agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
48#	daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
49#	I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
50#	valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen.  As an admirer
51#	of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
52#	reduce my time for enjoying it.  At the back of the Daylight Saving
53#	scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
54#	to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
55#	them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
56#
57#	-- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
58#	   Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
59#
60# For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
61# Robert Garland's <a href="http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html">
62# Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
63# (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927)</a>.
64#
65# Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
66# However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
67# was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
68# time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
69
70# From Arthur David Olson:
71# US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
72# See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
73# and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
74
75# From Arthur David Olson:
76# Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
77# Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
78
79# From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
80# Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
81# In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
82# An AltaVista search turned up
83# <a href="http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html">:
84# "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
85# Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.'  Peace is wonderful."
86# </a> (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
87
88# From Joseph Gallant citing
89# George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
90# At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
91# to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
92# never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
93# CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
94# but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
95# of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
96# London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
97
98# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout.  From
99# Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
100#
101# ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
102# Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
103# wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
104# Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
105# typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
106# importance."
107#
108# On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
109# microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
110# before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
111# The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
112#
113# He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.
114
115# From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22):
116# Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations
117# that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of
118# U.S. government action.  So even though the "US" rules have changed
119# in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.
120
121# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
122Rule	US	1918	1919	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
123Rule	US	1918	1919	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
124Rule	US	1942	only	-	Feb	9	2:00	1:00	W # War
125Rule	US	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
126Rule	US	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
127Rule	US	1967	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
128Rule	US	1967	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
129Rule	US	1974	only	-	Jan	6	2:00	1:00	D
130Rule	US	1975	only	-	Feb	23	2:00	1:00	D
131Rule	US	1976	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
132Rule	US	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
133Rule	US	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
134Rule	US	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
135
136# From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
137# We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
138# obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
139# We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
140# this time zone package.
141# We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
142# a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
143# We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
144# increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
145# avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
146
147# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
148Zone	EST		 -5:00	-	EST
149Zone	MST		 -7:00	-	MST
150Zone	HST		-10:00	-	HST
151Zone	EST5EDT		 -5:00	US	E%sT
152Zone	CST6CDT		 -6:00	US	C%sT
153Zone	MST7MDT		 -7:00	US	M%sT
154Zone	PST8PDT		 -8:00	US	P%sT
155
156# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
157# ...Alaska (and Hawaii) had the timezone names changed in 1967.
158#    old			 new
159#    Pacific Standard Time(PST)  -same-
160#    Yukon Standard Time(YST)    -same-
161#    Central Alaska S.T. (CAT)   Alaska-Hawaii St[an]dard Time (AHST)
162#    Nome Standard Time (NT)     Bering Standard Time (BST)
163#
164# ...Alaska's timezone lines were redrawn in 1983 to give only 2 tz.
165#    The YST zone now covers nearly all of the state, AHST just part
166#    of the Aleutian islands.   No DST.
167
168# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
169# The tables below use `NST', not `NT', for Nome Standard Time.
170# I invented `CAWT' for Central Alaska War Time.
171
172# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
173# USA  EASTERN       5 H  BEHIND UTC    NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
174# USA  EASTERN       4 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
175# USA  CENTRAL       6 H  BEHIND UTC    CHICAGO, HOUSTON
176# USA  CENTRAL       5 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
177# USA  MOUNTAIN      7 H  BEHIND UTC    DENVER
178# USA  MOUNTAIN      6 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
179# USA  PACIFIC       8 H  BEHIND UTC    L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
180# USA  PACIFIC       7 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
181# USA  ALASKA STD    9 H  BEHIND UTC    MOST OF ALASKA     (AKST)
182# USA  ALASKA STD    8 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
183# USA  ALEUTIAN     10 H  BEHIND UTC    ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
184# USA  - " -         9 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
185# USA  HAWAII       10 H  BEHIND UTC
186# USA  BERING       11 H  BEHIND UTC    SAMOA, MIDWAY
187
188# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
189# The above dates are for 1988.
190# Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
191# no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
192# Aleutians.
193
194# From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
195# Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
196# Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward.  First, names
197# up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
198# took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
199#	(none)
200#	United States standard eastern time
201#	United States standard mountain time
202#	United States standard central time
203#	United States standard Pacific time
204#	(none)
205#	United States standard Alaska time
206#	(none)
207# Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
208# public law 98-181):
209#	Atlantic standard time
210#	eastern standard time
211#	central standard time
212#	mountain standard time
213#	Pacific standard time
214#	Yukon standard time
215#	Alaska-Hawaii standard time
216#	Bering standard time
217# And after 1983-11-30:
218#	Atlantic standard time
219#	eastern standard time
220#	central standard time
221#	mountain standard time
222#	Pacific standard time
223#	Alaska standard time
224#	Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
225#	Samoa standard time
226# The law doesn't give abbreviations.
227#
228# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
229# Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced the abbreviation
230# "Chamorro Standard Time" for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.
231# See the file "australasia".
232
233# From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
234# The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
235#
236# H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
237#   (a) Amendment- Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
238#   U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
239#     (1) by striking `first Sunday of April' and inserting `second
240#     Sunday of March'; and
241#     (2) by striking `last Sunday of October' and inserting `first
242#     Sunday of November'.
243#   (b) Effective Date- Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
244#   date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
245#   (c) Report to Congress- Not later than 9 months after the effective
246#   date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
247#   on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
248#   States.
249#   (d) Right to Revert- Congress retains the right to revert the
250#   Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
251#   Department study is complete.
252
253# US eastern time, represented by New York
254
255# Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
256# Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
257# (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
258# New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
259# Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
260# Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
261
262# From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
263# Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
264# Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
265# One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
266# and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
267# reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
268
269# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
270# According to today's Huntsville Times
271# <http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1>
272# a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
273# in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
274# set their watches and clocks on Eastern time."  It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
275# Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
276# time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
277# in Columbus."
278
279# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
280Rule	NYC	1920	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
281Rule	NYC	1920	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
282Rule	NYC	1921	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
283Rule	NYC	1921	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
284Rule	NYC	1955	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
285# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
286Zone America/New_York	-4:56:02 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
287			-5:00	US	E%sT	1920
288			-5:00	NYC	E%sT	1942
289			-5:00	US	E%sT	1946
290			-5:00	NYC	E%sT	1967
291			-5:00	US	E%sT
292
293# US central time, represented by Chicago
294
295# Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
296# Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and
297# Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana
298# (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
299# Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western
300# Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern
301# Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota,
302# western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin
303
304# From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin:
305# http://www.legis.state.wi.us/statutes/Stat0175.pdf ...
306# is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change.  Because the local
307# "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations
308# are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited
309# hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year....
310#
311# From Douglas R. Bomberg (2007-03-12):
312# Wisconsin has enacted (nearly eleventh-hour) legislation to get WI
313# Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent....
314# http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2007/data/acts/07Act3.pdf
315
316# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
317Rule	Chicago	1920	only	-	Jun	13	2:00	1:00	D
318Rule	Chicago	1920	1921	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
319Rule	Chicago	1921	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
320Rule	Chicago	1922	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
321Rule	Chicago	1922	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
322Rule	Chicago	1955	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
323# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
324Zone America/Chicago	-5:50:36 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
325			-6:00	US	C%sT	1920
326			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1936 Mar  1 2:00
327			-5:00	-	EST	1936 Nov 15 2:00
328			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1942
329			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
330			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1967
331			-6:00	US	C%sT
332# Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
333Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
334			-7:00	US	M%sT	1992 Oct 25 02:00
335			-6:00	US	C%sT
336# Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
337# 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
338# See <http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/p63/135818.pdf>.
339# Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
340# Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
341# but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
342# See <http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/October/Day-28/i27056.htm>.
343Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
344			-7:00	US	M%sT	2003 Oct 26 02:00
345			-6:00	US	C%sT
346
347# US mountain time, represented by Denver
348#
349# Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
350# Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
351# New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota,
352# western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
353# and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
354#
355# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
356Rule	Denver	1920	1921	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
357Rule	Denver	1920	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
358Rule	Denver	1921	only	-	May	22	2:00	0	S
359Rule	Denver	1965	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
360Rule	Denver	1965	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
361# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
362Zone America/Denver	-6:59:56 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
363			-7:00	US	M%sT	1920
364			-7:00	Denver	M%sT	1942
365			-7:00	US	M%sT	1946
366			-7:00	Denver	M%sT	1967
367			-7:00	US	M%sT
368
369# US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
370#
371# California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
372# Idaho, Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties,
373# and the northern three-quarters of Idaho county),
374# most of Nevada, most of Oregon, and Washington
375#
376# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
377Rule	CA	1948	only	-	Mar	14	2:00	1:00	D
378Rule	CA	1949	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00	0	S
379Rule	CA	1950	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
380Rule	CA	1950	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
381Rule	CA	1962	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
382# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
383Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
384			-8:00	US	P%sT	1946
385			-8:00	CA	P%sT	1967
386			-8:00	US	P%sT
387
388# Alaska
389# AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -9:00 per USNO.
390#
391# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
392# Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
393# and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
394# This was on 1867-10-18, a Friday; the previous day was 1867-10-06 Julian,
395# also a Friday.  Include only the time zone part of this transition,
396# ignoring the switch from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent
397# the Julian calendar.
398#
399# As far as we know, none of the exact locations mentioned below were
400# permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
401# (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement
402# was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.)  However, there
403# were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
404# it's best to simply use the official transition.
405#
406# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
407Zone America/Juneau	 15:02:19 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
408			 -8:57:41 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
409			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
410			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
411			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
412			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
413			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
414			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
415Zone America/Yakutat	 14:41:05 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
416			 -9:18:55 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
417			 -9:00	-	YST	1942
418			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1946
419			 -9:00	-	YST	1969
420			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
421			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
422Zone America/Anchorage	 14:00:24 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
423			 -9:59:36 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
424			-10:00	-	CAT	1942
425			-10:00	US	CAT/CAWT 1945 Aug 14 23:00u
426			-10:00	US	CAT/CAPT 1946 # Peace
427			-10:00	-	CAT	1967 Apr
428			-10:00	-	AHST	1969
429			-10:00	US	AH%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
430			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
431			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
432Zone America/Nome	 12:58:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
433			-11:01:38 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
434			-11:00	-	NST	1942
435			-11:00	US	N%sT	1946
436			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr
437			-11:00	-	BST	1969
438			-11:00	US	B%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
439			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
440			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
441Zone America/Adak	 12:13:21 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
442			-11:46:38 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
443			-11:00	-	NST	1942
444			-11:00	US	N%sT	1946
445			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr
446			-11:00	-	BST	1969
447			-11:00	US	B%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
448			-10:00	US	AH%sT	1983 Nov 30
449			-10:00	US	HA%sT
450# The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
451#
452# Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
453# switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
454# and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
455#
456# From David Flater (2004-11-09):
457# In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
458# Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
459# suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
460# possibly until 1983:
461#
462#  Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
463#  "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
464#  location not on Alaska Standard Time.  The following resolution was
465#  made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson:  Be it
466#  resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
467#  Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
468#  January 14, Alaska Standard Time.)  This resolution was passed with
469#  three votes for and one against."
470
471# Hawaii
472#
473# From Arthur David Olson:
474# And then there's Hawaii.
475# DST was observed for one day in 1933;
476# standard time was changed by half an hour in 1947;
477# it's always standard as of 1986.
478#
479# From Paul Eggert:
480# Shanks says the 1933 experiment lasted for three weeks.  Go with Shanks.
481#
482Zone Pacific/Honolulu	-10:31:26 -	LMT	1900 Jan  1 12:00
483			-10:30	-	HST	1933 Apr 30 2:00
484			-10:30	1:00	HDT	1933 May 21 2:00
485			-10:30	US	H%sT	1947 Jun  8 2:00
486			-10:00	-	HST
487
488# Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
489
490# Arizona mostly uses MST.
491
492# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
493#
494# The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
495# <a href="http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm">
496# Daylight Saving Time web page (2002-01-23)</a> maintained by the
497# Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
498# Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
499# time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
500# personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
501# observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time.  The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
502# Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
503# the date the state's clocks would change.  In 1945 the State of
504# Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
505# mandated by federal law.  Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
506# Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
507#
508# Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
509# Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
510
511Zone America/Phoenix	-7:28:18 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
512			-7:00	US	M%sT	1944 Jan  1 00:01
513			-7:00	-	MST	1944 Apr  1 00:01
514			-7:00	US	M%sT	1944 Oct  1 00:01
515			-7:00	-	MST	1967
516			-7:00	US	M%sT	1968 Mar 21
517			-7:00	-	MST
518# From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
519# A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
520# notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
521# Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
522# large size and location in three states."  (The "only" means that other
523# tribal nations don't use DST.)
524
525Link America/Denver America/Shiprock
526
527# Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
528# Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
529# Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
530# Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
531# Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern
532# quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
533# switched four weeks late in 1974.
534#
535# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
536Zone America/Boise	-7:44:49 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
537			-8:00	US	P%sT	1923 May 13 2:00
538			-7:00	US	M%sT	1974
539			-7:00	-	MST	1974 Feb  3 2:00
540			-7:00	US	M%sT
541
542# Indiana
543#
544# For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
545# <a href="http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html">
546# What time is it in Indiana?
547# </a> (2006-03-01)
548#
549# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
550# Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
551# with the following exceptions:
552#
553# - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
554#   Vandenburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
555#
556# - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
557#
558# - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
559#   America/Kentucky/Louisville.
560#
561# - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,
562#   and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
563#
564# Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
565# and wrote ``Even newspaper reports present contradictory information.''
566# Those Hoosiers!  Such a flighty and changeable people!
567# Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
568#
569# Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
570# that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the `America' level.
571# So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory `America/Indiana'.
572
573# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
574# http://www.mccsc.edu/time.html says that Indiana will use DST starting 2006.
575
576# From Nathan Stratton Treadway (2006-03-30):
577# http://www.dot.gov/affairs/dot0406.htm [3705 B]
578# From Deborah Goldsmith (2006-01-18):
579# http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/pdf95/382329_web.pdf [2.9 MB]
580# From Paul Eggert (2006-01-20):
581# It says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
582# Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
583# Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
584# this rule is 2:OO a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
585# changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
586# Strictly speaking, this means the affected counties will change their
587# clocks twice that night, but this obviously is in error.  The intent
588# is that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
589
590# From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
591# The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
592# going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
593# http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
594
595# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
596Rule Indianapolis 1941	only	-	Jun	22	2:00	1:00	D
597Rule Indianapolis 1941	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
598Rule Indianapolis 1946	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
599# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
600Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
601			-6:00	US	C%sT	1920
602			-6:00 Indianapolis C%sT	1942
603			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
604			-6:00 Indianapolis C%sT	1955 Apr 24 2:00
605			-5:00	-	EST	1957 Sep 29 2:00
606			-6:00	-	CST	1958 Apr 27 2:00
607			-5:00	-	EST	1969
608			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
609			-5:00	-	EST	2006
610			-5:00	US	E%sT
611#
612# Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
613# as well as from 1976 through 2005.
614# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
615Rule	Marengo	1951	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
616Rule	Marengo	1951	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
617Rule	Marengo	1954	1960	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
618Rule	Marengo	1954	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
619# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
620Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
621			-6:00	US	C%sT	1951
622			-6:00	Marengo	C%sT	1961 Apr 30 2:00
623			-5:00	-	EST	1969
624			-5:00	US	E%sT	1974 Jan  6 2:00
625			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1974 Oct 27 2:00
626			-5:00	US	E%sT	1976
627			-5:00	-	EST	2006
628			-5:00	US	E%sT
629#
630# Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana,
631# switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back
632# in November 2007.
633# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
634Rule Vincennes	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
635Rule Vincennes	1946	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
636Rule Vincennes	1953	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
637Rule Vincennes	1953	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
638Rule Vincennes	1955	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
639Rule Vincennes	1956	1963	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
640Rule Vincennes	1960	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
641Rule Vincennes	1961	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
642Rule Vincennes	1962	1963	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
643# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
644Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
645			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
646			-6:00 Vincennes	C%sT	1964 Apr 26 2:00
647			-5:00	-	EST	1969
648			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
649			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
650			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Nov  4 2:00
651			-5:00	US	E%sT
652#
653# Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
654# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
655Rule Perry	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
656Rule Perry	1946	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
657Rule Perry	1953	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
658Rule Perry	1953	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
659Rule Perry	1955	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
660Rule Perry	1956	1963	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
661Rule Perry	1960	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
662Rule Perry	1961	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
663Rule Perry	1962	1963	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
664# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
665Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
666			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
667			-6:00 Perry	C%sT	1964 Apr 26 2:00
668			-5:00	-	EST	1969
669			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
670			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
671			-6:00	US	C%sT
672#
673# Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
674# then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007.
675# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
676Rule	Pike	1955	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
677Rule	Pike	1955	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
678Rule	Pike	1956	1964	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
679Rule	Pike	1961	1964	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
680# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
681Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
682			-6:00	US	C%sT	1955
683			-6:00	Pike	C%sT	1965 Apr 25 2:00
684			-5:00	-	EST	1966 Oct 30 2:00
685			-6:00	US	C%sT	1977 Oct 30 2:00
686			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
687			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Nov  4 2:00
688			-5:00	US	E%sT
689#
690# Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
691# then switched back in 2006.
692# From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
693# An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
694# notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
695# 1991-10-27.
696# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
697Rule	Starke	1947	1961	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
698Rule	Starke	1947	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
699Rule	Starke	1955	1956	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
700Rule	Starke	1957	1958	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
701Rule	Starke	1959	1961	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
702# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
703Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
704			-6:00	US	C%sT	1947
705			-6:00	Starke	C%sT	1962 Apr 29 2:00
706			-5:00	-	EST	1963 Oct 27 2:00
707			-6:00	US	C%sT	1991 Oct 27 2:00
708			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
709			-6:00	US	C%sT
710#
711# Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
712# April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007.
713# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
714Rule	Pulaski	1946	1960	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
715Rule	Pulaski	1946	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
716Rule	Pulaski	1955	1956	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
717Rule	Pulaski	1957	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
718# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
719Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
720			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
721			-6:00	Pulaski	C%sT	1961 Apr 30 2:00
722			-5:00	-	EST	1969
723			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
724			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2 2:00
725			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Mar 11 2:00
726			-5:00	US	E%sT
727#
728# Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
729# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
730Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
731			-6:00	US	C%sT	1954 Apr 25 2:00
732			-5:00	-	EST	1969
733			-5:00	US	E%sT	1973
734			-5:00	-	EST	2006
735			-5:00	US	E%sT
736
737# Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
738# This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
739# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
740Rule Louisville	1921	only	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	D
741Rule Louisville	1921	only	-	Sep	1	2:00	0	S
742Rule Louisville	1941	1961	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
743Rule Louisville	1941	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
744Rule Louisville	1946	only	-	Jun	2	2:00	0	S
745Rule Louisville	1950	1955	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
746Rule Louisville	1956	1960	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
747# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
748Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
749			-6:00	US	C%sT	1921
750			-6:00 Louisville C%sT	1942
751			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
752			-6:00 Louisville C%sT	1961 Jul 23 2:00
753			-5:00	-	EST	1968
754			-5:00	US	E%sT	1974 Jan  6 2:00
755			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1974 Oct 27 2:00
756			-5:00	US	E%sT
757#
758# Wayne County, Kentucky
759#
760# From
761# <a href="http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml">
762# Lake Cumberland LIFE
763# </a> (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
764# Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
765# the Central to the Eastern time zone....  The Wayne County government made
766# the same request in December.  And while Russell County officials have not
767# taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
768# August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
769# The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
770# location in the Central time zone.
771#
772# From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
773# After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
774# Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
775# (-0500) time.  They won't "fall back" this year.  See Sara Shipley,
776# The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
777#
778# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
779# The final rule was published in the
780# <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22">
781# Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), page 50154-50158.
782# </a>
783#
784Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
785			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
786			-6:00	-	CST	1968
787			-6:00	US	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
788			-5:00	US	E%sT
789
790
791# From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
792# Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
793# Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
794#	previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
795# Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
796# Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
797# West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
798# Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
799#
800# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
801# We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
802# so omit that change for now.
803# See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
804# See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
805# West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
806# 1999-10-31.  See the
807# <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15">
808# Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), page 56705-56707.
809# </a>
810# However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
811# on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
812# hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
813
814# Michigan
815#
816# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
817# Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
818#
819# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
820# Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
821# but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
822# that Detroit kept
823#
824#	local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
825#	be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time.  Half the
826#	city obeyed, half refused.  After considerable debate, the decision
827#	was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time.  A derisive offer to
828#	erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
829#	Committee on Sewers.  Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
830#	by city vote.
831#
832# This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
833#
834# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
835# Garland (1927) writes ``Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
836# one hour in 1914.''  This change is not in Shanks.  We have no more
837# info, so omit this for now.
838#
839# Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
840# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
841Rule	Detroit	1948	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
842Rule	Detroit	1948	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
843Rule	Detroit	1967	only	-	Jun	14	2:00	1:00	D
844Rule	Detroit	1967	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
845# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
846Zone America/Detroit	-5:32:11 -	LMT	1905
847			-6:00	-	CST	1915 May 15 2:00
848			-5:00	-	EST	1942
849			-5:00	US	E%sT	1946
850			-5:00	Detroit	E%sT	1973
851			-5:00	US	E%sT	1975
852			-5:00	-	EST	1975 Apr 27 2:00
853			-5:00	US	E%sT
854#
855# Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
856# switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
857# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
858Rule Menominee	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
859Rule Menominee	1946	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
860Rule Menominee	1966	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
861Rule Menominee	1966	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
862# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
863Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
864			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
865			-6:00 Menominee	C%sT	1969 Apr 27 2:00
866			-5:00	-	EST	1973 Apr 29 2:00
867			-6:00	US	C%sT
868
869# Navassa
870# administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
871# claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
872# also claimed by Haiti
873# occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
874# US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
875# currently uninhabited
876# see Mark Fineman, ``An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord'',
877# _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
878# Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
879
880################################################################################
881
882
883# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
884# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
885# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
886# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
887#
888# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
889# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
890# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
891# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
892# of the IATA's data after 1990.
893#
894# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
895# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
896#
897# Other sources occasionally used include:
898#
899#	Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
900#	Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
901#	which I found in the UCLA library.
902#
903#	<a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf">
904#	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
905#	</a> (1914-03)
906#
907# See the `europe' file for Greenland.
908
909# Canada
910
911# From Alain LaBont<e'> (1994-11-14):
912# I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
913# for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
914#
915#	UTC	Standard time	Daylight savings time
916#	offset	French	English	French	English
917#	-2:30	-	-	HAT	NDT
918#	-3	-	-	HAA	ADT
919#	-3:30	HNT	NST	-	-
920#	-4	HNA	AST	HAE	EDT
921#	-5	HNE	EST	HAC	CDT
922#	-6	HNC	CST	HAR	MDT
923#	-7	HNR	MST	HAP	PDT
924#	-8	HNP	PST	HAY	YDT
925#	-9	HNY	YST	-	-
926#
927#	HN: Heure Normale	ST: Standard Time
928#	HA: Heure Avanc<e'>e	DT: Daylight saving Time
929#
930#	A: de l'Atlantique	Atlantic
931#	C: du Centre		Central
932#	E: de l'Est		Eastern
933#	M:			Mountain
934#	N:			Newfoundland
935#	P: du Pacifique		Pacific
936#	R: des Rocheuses
937#	T: de Terre-Neuve
938#	Y: du Yukon		Yukon
939#
940# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
941# Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
942
943# Unless otherwise specified, the data for Canada are all from Shanks
944# & Pottenger.
945
946# From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
947# 2007-03-01):
948# The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
949# adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
950# U.S. and the rest of Canada....
951# http://www2.news.gov.bc.ca/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
952# ...
953# Nova Scotia
954# Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
955# http://www.gov.ns.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
956#
957# [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
958# be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
959# http://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
960# ...
961# Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
962# As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
963# http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php
964# ...
965# [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules.
966# http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM
967# http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm
968# http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF
969# ...
970# P.E.I. will follow US rules....
971# http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf
972# ...
973# Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
974# http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
975# ...
976# Yukon
977# http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
978# ...
979# N.W.T. will follow US rules.  Whoever maintains the government web site
980# does not seem to believe in bookmarks.  To see the news release, click the
981# following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change".  Press the
982# "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
983# JavaScript.
984# http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
985# ...
986# Nunavut
987# An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
988# http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf
989
990# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
991# H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
992# <a href="http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp">
993# "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
994# </a> contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
995# time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
996#
997# INMS, the Institute for National Measurement Standards in Ottawa, has <a
998# href="http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/en/time_services/daylight_saving_e.php">
999# information about standard and daylight saving time zones in Canada.
1000# </a> (updated periodically).
1001# Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
1002
1003# From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
1004# For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
1005# new US DST rules,
1006
1007# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1008Rule	Canada	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
1009Rule	Canada	1918	only	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	S
1010Rule	Canada	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
1011Rule	Canada	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
1012Rule	Canada	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
1013Rule	Canada	1974	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1014Rule	Canada	1974	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1015Rule	Canada	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
1016Rule	Canada	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
1017Rule	Canada	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
1018
1019
1020# Newfoundland and Labrador
1021
1022# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1023# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Labrador should use NST/NDT,
1024# but the only part of Labrador that follows the rules is the
1025# southeast corner, including Port Hope Simpson and Mary's Harbour,
1026# but excluding, say, Black Tickle.
1027
1028# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1029Rule	StJohns	1917	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00	1:00	D
1030Rule	StJohns	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00	0	S
1031# Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1032Rule	StJohns	1919	only	-	May	 5	23:00	1:00	D
1033Rule	StJohns	1919	only	-	Aug	12	23:00	0	S
1034# For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1035Rule	StJohns	1920	1935	-	May	Sun>=1	23:00	1:00	D
1036Rule	StJohns	1920	1935	-	Oct	lastSun	23:00	0	S
1037# For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks &
1038# Pottenger.
1039Rule	StJohns	1936	1941	-	May	Mon>=9	0:00	1:00	D
1040Rule	StJohns	1936	1941	-	Oct	Mon>=2	0:00	0	S
1041# Whitman gives the following transitions:
1042# 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
1043# but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
1044# For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
1045# Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1046Rule	StJohns	1946	1950	-	May	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
1047Rule	StJohns	1946	1950	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00	0	S
1048Rule	StJohns	1951	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1049Rule	StJohns	1951	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1050Rule	StJohns	1960	1986	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1051# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1052# INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
1053# at 00:01 local time.  For now, assume it started in 1987.
1054Rule	StJohns	1987	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	1:00	D
1055Rule	StJohns	1987	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:01	0	S
1056Rule	StJohns	1988	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	2:00	DD
1057Rule	StJohns	1989	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	1:00	D
1058Rule	StJohns	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:01	1:00	D
1059Rule	StJohns	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	0:01	0	S
1060#
1061# St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
1062# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1063Zone America/St_Johns	-3:30:52 -	LMT	1884
1064			-3:30:52 StJohns N%sT	1918
1065			-3:30:52 Canada	N%sT	1919
1066			-3:30:52 StJohns N%sT	1935 Mar 30
1067			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1942 May 11
1068			-3:30	Canada	N%sT	1946
1069			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT
1070
1071# most of east Labrador
1072
1073# The name `Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use `Goose Bay'.
1074# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1075Zone America/Goose_Bay	-4:01:40 -	LMT	1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
1076			-3:30:52 -	NST	1918
1077			-3:30:52 Canada N%sT	1919
1078			-3:30:52 -	NST	1935 Mar 30
1079			-3:30	-	NST	1936
1080			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1942 May 11
1081			-3:30	Canada	N%sT	1946
1082			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1966 Mar 15 2:00
1083			-4:00	StJohns	A%sT
1084
1085
1086# west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I
1087
1088# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1089# Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like
1090# Halifax.  Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
1091# Glace Bay, NS is the largest that we know of.
1092# Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town
1093# in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume
1094# this is a typo.
1095
1096# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1097Rule	Halifax	1916	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
1098Rule	Halifax	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
1099Rule	Halifax	1920	only	-	May	 9	0:00	1:00	D
1100Rule	Halifax	1920	only	-	Aug	29	0:00	0	S
1101Rule	Halifax	1921	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	D
1102Rule	Halifax	1921	1922	-	Sep	 5	0:00	0	S
1103Rule	Halifax	1922	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
1104Rule	Halifax	1923	1925	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
1105Rule	Halifax	1923	only	-	Sep	 4	0:00	0	S
1106Rule	Halifax	1924	only	-	Sep	15	0:00	0	S
1107Rule	Halifax	1925	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	S
1108Rule	Halifax	1926	only	-	May	16	0:00	1:00	D
1109Rule	Halifax	1926	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
1110Rule	Halifax	1927	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
1111Rule	Halifax	1927	only	-	Sep	26	0:00	0	S
1112Rule	Halifax	1928	1931	-	May	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	D
1113Rule	Halifax	1928	only	-	Sep	 9	0:00	0	S
1114Rule	Halifax	1929	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
1115Rule	Halifax	1930	only	-	Sep	15	0:00	0	S
1116Rule	Halifax	1931	1932	-	Sep	Mon>=24	0:00	0	S
1117Rule	Halifax	1932	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
1118Rule	Halifax	1933	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
1119Rule	Halifax	1933	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	S
1120Rule	Halifax	1934	only	-	May	20	0:00	1:00	D
1121Rule	Halifax	1934	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	S
1122Rule	Halifax	1935	only	-	Jun	 2	0:00	1:00	D
1123Rule	Halifax	1935	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
1124Rule	Halifax	1936	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
1125Rule	Halifax	1936	only	-	Sep	14	0:00	0	S
1126Rule	Halifax	1937	1938	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
1127Rule	Halifax	1937	1941	-	Sep	Mon>=24	0:00	0	S
1128Rule	Halifax	1939	only	-	May	28	0:00	1:00	D
1129Rule	Halifax	1940	1941	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
1130Rule	Halifax	1946	1949	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1131Rule	Halifax	1946	1949	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1132Rule	Halifax	1951	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1133Rule	Halifax	1951	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1134Rule	Halifax	1956	1959	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1135Rule	Halifax	1956	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1136Rule	Halifax	1962	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1137Rule	Halifax	1962	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1138# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1139Zone America/Halifax	-4:14:24 -	LMT	1902 Jun 15
1140			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1918
1141			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1919
1142			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
1143			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1946
1144			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1974
1145			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
1146Zone America/Glace_Bay	-3:59:48 -	LMT	1902 Jun 15
1147			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1953
1148			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1954
1149			-4:00	-	AST	1972
1150			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1974
1151			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
1152
1153# New Brunswick
1154
1155# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31):
1156# The Time Definition Act <http://www.gnb.ca/0062/PDF-acts/t-06.pdf>
1157# says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and
1158# <http://www.canlii.org/nb/laws/sta/t-6/20030127/whole.html> makes it
1159# clear that this was the case since at least 1993.
1160# For now, assume it started in 1993.
1161
1162# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1163Rule	Moncton	1933	1935	-	Jun	Sun>=8	1:00	1:00	D
1164Rule	Moncton	1933	1935	-	Sep	Sun>=8	1:00	0	S
1165Rule	Moncton	1936	1938	-	Jun	Sun>=1	1:00	1:00	D
1166Rule	Moncton	1936	1938	-	Sep	Sun>=1	1:00	0	S
1167Rule	Moncton	1939	only	-	May	27	1:00	1:00	D
1168Rule	Moncton	1939	1941	-	Sep	Sat>=21	1:00	0	S
1169Rule	Moncton	1940	only	-	May	19	1:00	1:00	D
1170Rule	Moncton	1941	only	-	May	 4	1:00	1:00	D
1171Rule	Moncton	1946	1972	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1172Rule	Moncton	1946	1956	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1173Rule	Moncton	1957	1972	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1174Rule	Moncton	1993	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	1:00	D
1175Rule	Moncton	1993	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:01	0	S
1176# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1177Zone America/Moncton	-4:19:08 -	LMT	1883 Dec  9
1178			-5:00	-	EST	1902 Jun 15
1179			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1933
1180			-4:00	Moncton	A%sT	1942
1181			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1946
1182			-4:00	Moncton	A%sT	1973
1183			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1993
1184			-4:00	Moncton	A%sT	2007
1185			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
1186
1187# Quebec
1188
1189# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1190# Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Quebec has been
1191# like Montreal.
1192
1193# From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
1194# Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
1195# meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
1196# Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
1197# In "Official time in Quebec" the Quebec department of justice writes in
1198# http://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/english/publications/generale/temps-regl-1-a.htm
1199# that "The residents of the Municipality of the
1200# Cote-Nord-du-Golfe-Saint-Laurent and the municipalities of Saint-Augustin,
1201# Bonne-Esperance and Blanc-Sablon apply the Official Time Act as it is
1202# written and use Atlantic standard time all year round. The same applies to
1203# the residents of the Native facilities along the lower North Shore."
1204# <http://www.assnat.qc.ca/eng/37legislature2/Projets-loi/Publics/06-a002.htm>
1205# says this common practice was codified into law as of 2007.
1206# For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
1207# Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
1208
1209# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1210Rule	Mont	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	1:00	D
1211Rule	Mont	1917	only	-	Apr	24	0:00	0	S
1212Rule	Mont	1919	only	-	Mar	31	2:30	1:00	D
1213Rule	Mont	1919	only	-	Oct	25	2:30	0	S
1214Rule	Mont	1920	only	-	May	 2	2:30	1:00	D
1215Rule	Mont	1920	1922	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:30	0	S
1216Rule	Mont	1921	only	-	May	 1	2:00	1:00	D
1217Rule	Mont	1922	only	-	Apr	30	2:00	1:00	D
1218Rule	Mont	1924	only	-	May	17	2:00	1:00	D
1219Rule	Mont	1924	1926	-	Sep	lastSun	2:30	0	S
1220Rule	Mont	1925	1926	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
1221# The 1927-to-1937 rules can be expressed more simply as
1222# Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Apr	lastSat	24:00	1:00	D
1223# Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Sep	lastSat	24:00	0	S
1224# The rules below avoid use of 24:00
1225# (which pre-1998 versions of zic cannot handle).
1226Rule	Mont	1927	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
1227Rule	Mont	1927	1932	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
1228Rule	Mont	1928	1931	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
1229Rule	Mont	1932	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
1230Rule	Mont	1933	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
1231Rule	Mont	1933	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
1232Rule	Mont	1934	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
1233Rule	Mont	1946	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1234Rule	Mont	1945	1948	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1235Rule	Mont	1949	1950	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1236Rule	Mont	1951	1956	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1237Rule	Mont	1957	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1238
1239# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1240Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 -	LMT	1884
1241			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1970
1242			-4:00	-	AST
1243Zone America/Montreal	-4:54:16 -	LMT	1884
1244			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1918
1245			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1919
1246			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
1247			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1946
1248			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1974
1249			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
1250
1251
1252# Ontario
1253
1254# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1255# Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
1256# Toronto.
1257# Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
1258# Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
1259# Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
1260# Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
1261
1262# From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1263# [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
1264# effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
1265# Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
1266# have already done so.  In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
1267# 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
1268# hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
1269# only two weeks -- I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
1270# presumably that should be -07-06.  (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
1271# earlier in June).
1272#
1273# Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).
1274
1275# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
1276# Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
1277# says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
1278# but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
1279# He also writes that the
1280# <a href="http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html">
1281# Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
1282# </a>
1283# says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
1284# Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
1285# concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
1286#
1287# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1288# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
1289# New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
1290# CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
1291# violation of the official Ontario rules.
1292#
1293# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
1294# Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
1295# 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
1296#
1297#	The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
1298#	This means they spend about half the time on central time and
1299#	the other half on eastern time.
1300#
1301#	For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
1302#
1303#	"The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
1304#	Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
1305#	said.  "I don't see any changes happening here."
1306#
1307# Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
1308# [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
1309
1310# From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
1311# I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
1312# and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
1313# can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
1314# time keeping since 1952, at least.
1315
1316# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
1317# Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
1318# ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
1319# McKinnon sounds more authoritative.  For now, assume that Atikokan
1320# switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
1321# ended.  This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
1322# entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
1323# America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
1324
1325# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1326Rule	Toronto	1919	only	-	Mar	30	23:30	1:00	D
1327Rule	Toronto	1919	only	-	Oct	26	0:00	0	S
1328Rule	Toronto	1920	only	-	May	 2	2:00	1:00	D
1329Rule	Toronto	1920	only	-	Sep	26	0:00	0	S
1330Rule	Toronto	1921	only	-	May	15	2:00	1:00	D
1331Rule	Toronto	1921	only	-	Sep	15	2:00	0	S
1332Rule	Toronto	1922	1923	-	May	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
1333# Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
1334# was meant.
1335Rule	Toronto	1922	1926	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	0	S
1336Rule	Toronto	1924	1927	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
1337# The 1927-to-1939 rules can be expressed more simply as
1338# Rule	Toronto	1927	1937	-	Sep	Sun>=25	2:00	0	S
1339# Rule	Toronto	1928	1937	-	Apr	Sun>=25	2:00	1:00	D
1340# Rule	Toronto	1938	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1341# Rule	Toronto	1938	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1342# The rules below avoid use of Sun>=25
1343# (which pre-2004 versions of zic cannot handle).
1344Rule	Toronto	1927	1932	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1345Rule	Toronto	1928	1931	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1346Rule	Toronto	1932	only	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	D
1347Rule	Toronto	1933	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1348Rule	Toronto	1933	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	S
1349Rule	Toronto	1934	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1350Rule	Toronto	1945	1946	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1351Rule	Toronto	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1352Rule	Toronto	1947	1949	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
1353Rule	Toronto	1947	1948	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
1354Rule	Toronto	1949	only	-	Nov	lastSun	0:00	0	S
1355Rule	Toronto	1950	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1356Rule	Toronto	1950	only	-	Nov	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1357Rule	Toronto	1951	1956	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1358# Shanks & Pottenger say Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971,
1359# namely on 1971-10-24, but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that this
1360# is wrong, and that he had confirmed it by checking the 1971-10-30
1361# Toronto Star, which said that DST was ending 1971-10-31 as usual.
1362Rule	Toronto	1957	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1363
1364# From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1365# Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and
1366# Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in
1367# operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw,
1368# Saskatchewan, for one year."
1369
1370# From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator,
1371# Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12):
1372# There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight
1373# savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur
1374# before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central
1375# Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to
1376# include the Thunder Bay area....  When Canada adopted daylight
1377# savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so
1378# already, did not change their clocks....  During the Second World
1379# War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
1380# months for the remainder of the war years.
1381
1382# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1383Zone America/Toronto	-5:17:32 -	LMT	1895
1384			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1919
1385			-5:00	Toronto	E%sT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
1386			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1946
1387			-5:00	Toronto	E%sT	1974
1388			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
1389Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 -	LMT	1895
1390			-6:00	-	CST	1910
1391			-5:00	-	EST	1942
1392			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1970
1393			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1973
1394			-5:00	-	EST	1974
1395			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
1396Zone America/Nipigon	-5:53:04 -	LMT	1895
1397			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1940 Sep 29
1398			-5:00	1:00	EDT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
1399			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
1400Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 -	LMT	1895
1401			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1940 Sep 29
1402			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
1403			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
1404Zone America/Atikokan	-6:06:28 -	LMT	1895
1405			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1940 Sep 29
1406			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1942 Feb  9 2:00s
1407			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1945 Sep 30 2:00
1408			-5:00	-	EST
1409
1410
1411# Manitoba
1412
1413# From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06):
1414# the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to
1415# March 27, 1987 ... said ...
1416# "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of
1417# the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
1418# Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
1419# following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
1420# I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had =
1421# been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
1422# Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
1423# the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
1424# the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central
1425# Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time).
1426
1427# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10):
1428# Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s)
1429# starting 1966.  Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
1430# it was also 02:00s in 1966.
1431
1432# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1433Rule	Winn	1916	only	-	Apr	23	0:00	1:00	D
1434Rule	Winn	1916	only	-	Sep	17	0:00	0	S
1435Rule	Winn	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
1436Rule	Winn	1918	only	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	S
1437Rule	Winn	1937	only	-	May	16	2:00	1:00	D
1438Rule	Winn	1937	only	-	Sep	26	2:00	0	S
1439Rule	Winn	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
1440Rule	Winn	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
1441Rule	Winn	1945	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1442Rule	Winn	1946	only	-	May	12	2:00	1:00	D
1443Rule	Winn	1946	only	-	Oct	13	2:00	0	S
1444Rule	Winn	1947	1949	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1445Rule	Winn	1947	1949	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1446Rule	Winn	1950	only	-	May	 1	2:00	1:00	D
1447Rule	Winn	1950	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
1448Rule	Winn	1951	1960	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1449Rule	Winn	1951	1958	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1450Rule	Winn	1959	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1451Rule	Winn	1960	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1452Rule	Winn	1963	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1453Rule	Winn	1963	only	-	Sep	22	2:00	0	S
1454Rule	Winn	1966	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
1455Rule	Winn	1966	2005	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
1456Rule	Winn	1987	2005	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
1457# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1458Zone America/Winnipeg	-6:28:36 -	LMT	1887 Jul 16
1459			-6:00	Winn	C%sT	2006
1460			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
1461
1462
1463# Saskatchewan
1464
1465# From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
1466# The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal
1467# level.  As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people
1468# elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight,
1469# the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook."
1470# DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned:
1471# presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of
1472# the summer".  The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad
1473# time was noted.
1474
1475# From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
1476# Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
1477# City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."
1478
1479# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1480# Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina.
1481# Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
1482# Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
1483# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton
1484# are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law.
1485
1486# From W. Jones (1992-11-06):
1487# The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
1488# provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
1489# A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
1490# since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
1491#
1492# Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
1493# the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
1494# their affiliations in one direction or the other.  In 1965 a provincial
1495# referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
1496#
1497# On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
1498# Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
1499# part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
1500# northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
1501# follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
1502# zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
1503# by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
1504#
1505# It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
1506# on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
1507# serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
1508# a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
1509# rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
1510# since sometime in the 1960s.
1511
1512# From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
1513# The Saskatchewan time act which was last updated in 1996 is about 30 pages
1514# long and rather painful to read.
1515# http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf
1516
1517# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1518Rule	Regina	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
1519Rule	Regina	1918	only	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	S
1520Rule	Regina	1930	1934	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
1521Rule	Regina	1930	1934	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
1522Rule	Regina	1937	1941	-	Apr	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	D
1523Rule	Regina	1937	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
1524Rule	Regina	1938	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
1525Rule	Regina	1939	1941	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
1526Rule	Regina	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
1527Rule	Regina	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
1528Rule	Regina	1945	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1529Rule	Regina	1946	only	-	Apr	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
1530Rule	Regina	1946	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:00	0	S
1531Rule	Regina	1947	1957	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1532Rule	Regina	1947	1957	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1533Rule	Regina	1959	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1534Rule	Regina	1959	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1535#
1536Rule	Swift	1957	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1537Rule	Swift	1957	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1538Rule	Swift	1959	1961	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1539Rule	Swift	1959	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1540Rule	Swift	1960	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1541# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1542Zone America/Regina	-6:58:36 -	LMT	1905 Sep
1543			-7:00	Regina	M%sT	1960 Apr lastSun 2:00
1544			-6:00	-	CST
1545Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 -	LMT	1905 Sep
1546			-7:00	Canada	M%sT	1946 Apr lastSun 2:00
1547			-7:00	Regina	M%sT	1950
1548			-7:00	Swift	M%sT	1972 Apr lastSun 2:00
1549			-6:00	-	CST
1550
1551
1552# Alberta
1553
1554# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1555Rule	Edm	1918	1919	-	Apr	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
1556Rule	Edm	1918	only	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	S
1557Rule	Edm	1919	only	-	May	27	2:00	0	S
1558Rule	Edm	1920	1923	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1559Rule	Edm	1920	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1560Rule	Edm	1921	1923	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1561Rule	Edm	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
1562Rule	Edm	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
1563Rule	Edm	1945	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1564Rule	Edm	1947	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1565Rule	Edm	1947	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1566Rule	Edm	1967	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1567Rule	Edm	1967	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1568Rule	Edm	1969	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1569Rule	Edm	1969	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1570Rule	Edm	1972	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1571Rule	Edm	1972	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1572# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1573Zone America/Edmonton	-7:33:52 -	LMT	1906 Sep
1574			-7:00	Edm	M%sT	1987
1575			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
1576
1577
1578# British Columbia
1579
1580# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1581# Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
1582# been like Vancouver.
1583# Dawson Creek uses MST.  Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
1584# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
1585
1586# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1587Rule	Vanc	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
1588Rule	Vanc	1918	only	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	S
1589Rule	Vanc	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
1590Rule	Vanc	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
1591Rule	Vanc	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
1592Rule	Vanc	1946	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1593Rule	Vanc	1946	only	-	Oct	13	2:00	0	S
1594Rule	Vanc	1947	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1595Rule	Vanc	1962	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1596# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1597Zone America/Vancouver	-8:12:28 -	LMT	1884
1598			-8:00	Vanc	P%sT	1987
1599			-8:00	Canada	P%sT
1600Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 -	LMT	1884
1601			-8:00	Canada	P%sT	1947
1602			-8:00	Vanc	P%sT	1972 Aug 30 2:00
1603			-7:00	-	MST
1604
1605
1606# Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
1607
1608# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1609# Dawson switched to PST in 1973.  Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
1610# Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
1611#	* 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
1612#	c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9.  This is still valid;
1613#	see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
1614#	* C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
1615#	* O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
1616#	* O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
1617# Shanks & Pottenger say Yukon's 1973-10-28 switch was at 2:00; go
1618# with Englander.
1619# From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
1620# Here is a link to the old daylight saving portion of the interpretation
1621# act which was last updated in 1987:
1622# http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic1987_056.pdf
1623
1624# From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
1625# Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
1626# <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html">
1627# Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
1628# </a>
1629#
1630# From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
1631# We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
1632# to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
1633
1634# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1635# <a href="http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html">
1636# Basic Facts: The New Territory
1637# </a> (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
1638# and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST.  We don't know when
1639# Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
1640
1641# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1642# On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
1643# Pangnirtung wobbled.  Here is the result of their wobble:
1644#
1645# The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
1646#
1647#	First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
1648#	Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
1649#
1650# The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
1651#
1652#	Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
1653#
1654# This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
1655# No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
1656# change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
1657# really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
1658# They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
1659# so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
1660# The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
1661# their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
1662# the current state of affairs.
1663
1664# From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
1665# <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html">
1666# Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19)</a>:
1667# Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
1668# central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
1669# for municipal offices and schools....  Igloolik [was similar but then]
1670# made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
1671
1672# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
1673# Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
1674# for these potential new Zones.
1675#
1676# The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
1677# handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
1678# zone] skip daylight savings.  Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
1679# Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
1680# Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
1681# Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
1682# required to use daylight savings.
1683
1684# From
1685# <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html">
1686# Nunavut now has two time zones
1687# </a> (2000-11-10):
1688# The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
1689# Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
1690# one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
1691# At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
1692# Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
1693# the rest of the territory for the winter.  Cambridge Bay remained on
1694# central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
1695# mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
1696# unified time zone in 1999.
1697#
1698# From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
1699# The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
1700
1701# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
1702# Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
1703
1704# From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
1705# The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
1706# that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
1707# back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern).  Of the
1708# cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that
1709# has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round.  I'm
1710# checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with
1711# more.
1712# [Also see <http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt10309_06.html> (2001-03-09).]
1713
1714# From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21):
1715# According to maps at
1716# http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/images/time_services/TZ01SWE.jpg
1717# http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/images/time_services/TZ01SSE.jpg
1718# (both dated 2003), and
1719# http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
1720# (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time
1721# for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year
1722# round.  Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this.
1723# I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it
1724# predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years....
1725# The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used.
1726#
1727# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1728# For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
1729# daylight saving only during wartime.
1730
1731# From Chris Walton (2007-03-01):
1732# ... the community of Resolute (located on Cornwallis Island in
1733# Nunavut) moved from Central Time to Eastern Time last November.
1734# Basically the community did not change its clocks at the end of
1735# daylight saving....
1736# http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2006-11/nov13_06none.html
1737
1738# From Chris Walton (2007-03-14):
1739# Today I phoned the "hamlet office" to find out what Resolute was doing with
1740# its clocks.
1741#
1742# The individual that answered the phone confirmed that the clocks did not
1743# move at the end of daylight saving on October 29/2006.  He also told me that
1744# the clocks did not move this past weekend (March 11/2007)....
1745#
1746# America/Resolute should use the "Canada" Rule up to October 29/2006.
1747# After that it should be fixed on Eastern Standard Time until further notice.
1748
1749# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1750Rule	NT_YK	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
1751Rule	NT_YK	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
1752Rule	NT_YK	1919	only	-	May	25	2:00	1:00	D
1753Rule	NT_YK	1919	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
1754Rule	NT_YK	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
1755Rule	NT_YK	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
1756Rule	NT_YK	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
1757Rule	NT_YK	1965	only	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	2:00	DD
1758Rule	NT_YK	1965	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1759Rule	NT_YK	1980	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
1760Rule	NT_YK	1980	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1761Rule	NT_YK	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
1762# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1763# aka Panniqtuuq
1764Zone America/Pangnirtung 0	-	zzz	1921 # trading post est.
1765			-4:00	NT_YK	A%sT	1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
1766			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1999 Oct 31 2:00
1767			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
1768			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
1769# formerly Frobisher Bay
1770Zone America/Iqaluit	0	-	zzz	1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
1771			-5:00	NT_YK	E%sT	1999 Oct 31 2:00
1772			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
1773			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
1774# aka Qausuittuq
1775Zone America/Resolute	0	-	zzz	1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
1776			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
1777			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1 3:00
1778			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2006 Oct 29 2:00
1779			-5:00	-	EST
1780# aka Kangiqiniq
1781Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0	-	zzz	1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
1782			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
1783			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1 3:00
1784			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
1785# aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
1786Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0	-	zzz	1920 # trading post est.?
1787			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1999 Oct 31 2:00
1788			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29 2:00
1789			-5:00	-	EST	2000 Nov  5 0:00
1790			-6:00	-	CST	2001 Apr  1 3:00
1791			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
1792Zone America/Yellowknife 0	-	zzz	1935 # Yellowknife founded?
1793			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1980
1794			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
1795Zone America/Inuvik	0	-	zzz	1953 # Inuvik founded
1796			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1979 Apr lastSun 2:00
1797			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1980
1798			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
1799Zone America/Whitehorse	-9:00:12 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
1800			-9:00	NT_YK	Y%sT	1966 Jul 1 2:00
1801			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1980
1802			-8:00	Canada	P%sT
1803Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
1804			-9:00	NT_YK	Y%sT	1973 Oct 28 0:00
1805			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1980
1806			-8:00	Canada	P%sT
1807
1808
1809###############################################################################
1810
1811# Mexico
1812
1813# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
1814# The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
1815# Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
1816# <a href="http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/">
1817# history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
1818# </a>.
1819#
1820# Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
1821# (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
1822# S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
1823# S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
1824# S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
1825# S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
1826
1827# From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
1828# There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
1829# tz database.  I think they can best be explained by supposing that
1830# the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
1831# the relevant documents.
1832
1833# From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
1834# A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
1835# outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
1836#
1837# ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
1838#
1839# I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
1840# rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
1841#
1842# 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
1843#    - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
1844#    - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
1845#    - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
1846#
1847# 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
1848#    at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
1849#    BajaNorte: GMT+7
1850#    BajaSur:   GMT+6
1851#    General:   GMT+5
1852#
1853# 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
1854#    BajaNorte: GMT+8
1855#    BajaSur:   GMT+7
1856#    General:   GMT+6
1857#
1858# The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
1859#
1860# -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
1861# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
1862# For an English translation of the decree, see
1863# <a href="http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html">
1864# ``Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover'' (1996-01-04).
1865# </a>
1866
1867# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
1868# The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
1869# (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
1870
1871# From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
1872# Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
1873# zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
1874# savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
1875# Arizona year round.
1876
1877# From Jesper Norgaard, translating
1878# <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17):
1879# In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
1880# Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
1881# year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
1882# whole year.
1883
1884# From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
1885# <http://www.reforma.com/negocios_y_dinero/articulo/064481/> ... says
1886# (translated):...
1887# January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
1888# that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
1889# this year....
1890# <http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001>
1891# [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
1892# in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
1893
1894# From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
1895# The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
1896# story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
1897# http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
1898# ... Mexico City Mayor Lopez Obrador "...is threatening to keep
1899# Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
1900# the rest of the country..." In particular, Lopez Obrador would abolish
1901# observation of Daylight Saving Time.
1902
1903# <a href="http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre">
1904# Official statute published by the Energy Department
1905# </a> (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
1906# and Sonora with no DST.  This was reported by Jesper Norgaard (2001-02-03).
1907
1908# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
1909#
1910# <a href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html">
1911# James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
1912# </a>
1913# * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
1914# * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador decreed that
1915#   the Federal District will not adopt DST.
1916# * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
1917# * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
1918#   the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
1919#
1920# For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
1921
1922# From Jesper Norgaard (2001-04-01):
1923# I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
1924# saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
1925# that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
1926# saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
1927# (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
1928# saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
1929# Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
1930# September 30, 2001.
1931# References: "Diario de Monterrey" <www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp>
1932# Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31)
1933
1934# From Reuters (2001-09-04):
1935# Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
1936# unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
1937# capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
1938# next year....  The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
1939# a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
1940# standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
1941# subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
1942
1943# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
1944# ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
1945# that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
1946# http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
1947# confirms this.  Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
1948
1949# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1950Rule	Mexico	1939	only	-	Feb	5	0:00	1:00	D
1951Rule	Mexico	1939	only	-	Jun	25	0:00	0	S
1952Rule	Mexico	1940	only	-	Dec	9	0:00	1:00	D
1953Rule	Mexico	1941	only	-	Apr	1	0:00	0	S
1954Rule	Mexico	1943	only	-	Dec	16	0:00	1:00	W # War
1955Rule	Mexico	1944	only	-	May	1	0:00	0	S
1956Rule	Mexico	1950	only	-	Feb	12	0:00	1:00	D
1957Rule	Mexico	1950	only	-	Jul	30	0:00	0	S
1958Rule	Mexico	1996	2000	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
1959Rule	Mexico	1996	2000	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1960Rule	Mexico	2001	only	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
1961Rule	Mexico	2001	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1962Rule	Mexico	2002	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
1963Rule	Mexico	2002	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1964# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1965# Quintana Roo
1966Zone America/Cancun	-5:47:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:12:56
1967			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 23
1968			-5:00	Mexico	E%sT	1998 Aug  2  2:00
1969			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
1970# Campeche, Yucatan
1971Zone America/Merida	-5:58:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:01:32
1972			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 23
1973			-5:00	-	EST	1982 Dec  2
1974			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
1975# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas
1976Zone America/Monterrey	-6:41:16 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
1977			-6:00	-	CST	1988
1978			-6:00	US	C%sT	1989
1979			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
1980# Central Mexico
1981Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:23:24
1982			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
1983			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
1984			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
1985			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
1986			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
1987			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2001 Sep 30 02:00
1988			-6:00	-	CST	2002 Feb 20
1989			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
1990# Chihuahua
1991Zone America/Chihuahua	-7:04:20 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
1992			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
1993			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
1994			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
1995			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
1996			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
1997			-6:00	-	CST	1996
1998			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	1998
1999			-6:00	-	CST	1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
2000			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT
2001# Sonora
2002Zone America/Hermosillo	-7:23:52 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
2003			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
2004			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
2005			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
2006			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
2007			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
2008			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
2009			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
2010			-8:00	-	PST	1970
2011			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1999
2012			-7:00	-	MST
2013# Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
2014Zone America/Mazatlan	-7:05:40 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
2015			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
2016			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
2017			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
2018			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
2019			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
2020			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
2021			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
2022			-8:00	-	PST	1970
2023			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT
2024# Baja California
2025Zone America/Tijuana	-7:48:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:11:56
2026			-7:00	-	MST	1924
2027			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
2028			-7:00	-	MST	1930 Nov 15
2029			-8:00	-	PST	1931 Apr  1
2030			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1931 Sep 30
2031			-8:00	-	PST	1942 Apr 24
2032			-8:00	1:00	PWT	1945 Aug 14 23:00u
2033			-8:00	1:00	PPT	1945 Nov 12 # Peace
2034			-8:00	-	PST	1948 Apr  5
2035			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1949 Jan 14
2036			-8:00	-	PST	1954
2037			-8:00	CA	P%sT	1961
2038			-8:00	-	PST	1976
2039			-8:00	US	P%sT	1996
2040			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT	2001
2041			-8:00	US	P%sT	2002 Feb 20
2042			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT
2043# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2044# Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
2045# America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
2046# through 1995.  This was as per Shanks (1999).  But Shanks & Pottenger say
2047# Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975.  Guy Harris reports
2048# that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicale, San Felipe and
2049# Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
2050# DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then.  This concerns
2051# data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
2052# other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
2053# name or contents should be.
2054#
2055# Revillagigedo Is
2056# no information
2057
2058###############################################################################
2059
2060# Anguilla
2061# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2062Zone America/Anguilla	-4:12:16 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
2063			-4:00	-	AST
2064
2065# Antigua and Barbuda
2066# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2067Zone	America/Antigua	-4:07:12 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
2068			-5:00	-	EST	1951
2069			-4:00	-	AST
2070
2071# Bahamas
2072#
2073# From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
2074# The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
2075# rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
2076# http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
2077
2078# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
2079Rule	Bahamas	1964	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
2080Rule	Bahamas	1964	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
2081# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2082Zone	America/Nassau	-5:09:24 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
2083			-5:00	Bahamas	E%sT	1976
2084			-5:00	US	E%sT
2085
2086# Barbados
2087# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
2088Rule	Barb	1977	only	-	Jun	12	2:00	1:00	D
2089Rule	Barb	1977	1978	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
2090Rule	Barb	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	D
2091Rule	Barb	1979	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
2092Rule	Barb	1980	only	-	Sep	25	2:00	0	S
2093# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2094Zone America/Barbados	-3:58:28 -	LMT	1924		# Bridgetown
2095			-3:58:28 -	BMT	1932	  # Bridgetown Mean Time
2096			-4:00	Barb	A%sT
2097
2098# Belize
2099# Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2100# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
2101Rule	Belize	1918	1942	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0:30	HD
2102Rule	Belize	1919	1943	-	Feb	Sun>=9	0:00	0	S
2103Rule	Belize	1973	only	-	Dec	 5	0:00	1:00	D
2104Rule	Belize	1974	only	-	Feb	 9	0:00	0	S
2105Rule	Belize	1982	only	-	Dec	18	0:00	1:00	D
2106Rule	Belize	1983	only	-	Feb	12	0:00	0	S
2107# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2108Zone	America/Belize	-5:52:48 -	LMT	1912 Apr
2109			-6:00	Belize	C%sT
2110
2111# Bermuda
2112
2113# From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
2114
2115# Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
2116# in March, until the first Sunday in November.  And, after the Time Zone
2117# (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on
2118# Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
2119# http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
2120
2121# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2122Zone Atlantic/Bermuda	-4:19:04 -	LMT	1930 Jan  1 2:00    # Hamilton
2123			-4:00	-	AST	1974 Apr 28 2:00
2124			-4:00	Bahamas	A%sT	1976
2125			-4:00	US	A%sT
2126
2127# Cayman Is
2128# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2129Zone	America/Cayman	-5:25:32 -	LMT	1890		# Georgetown
2130			-5:07:12 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
2131			-5:00	-	EST
2132
2133# Costa Rica
2134# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
2135Rule	CR	1979	1980	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
2136Rule	CR	1979	1980	-	Jun	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
2137Rule	CR	1991	1992	-	Jan	Sat>=15	0:00	1:00	D
2138# IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00;
2139# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2140Rule	CR	1991	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	0	S
2141Rule	CR	1992	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	0	S
2142# There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use `Costa Rica'.
2143# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2144Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:20 -	LMT	1890		# San Jose
2145			-5:36:20 -	SJMT	1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time
2146			-6:00	CR	C%sT
2147# Coco
2148# no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
2149
2150# Cuba
2151
2152# From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
2153# The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
2154# the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
2155# the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
2156# During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
2157# "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
2158# Time today."  (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
2159# sleep on 1999-03-28--when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
2160# to DST--and one more hour on 1999-04-04--when the announcers will have
2161# returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
2162
2163# From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
2164# Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
2165# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2166# http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
2167# says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
2168# thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
2169# to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
2170# For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure.
2171
2172# From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
2173# This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
2174# adjustment in Cuba.  We will stay in daylight saving time:
2175# http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
2176
2177# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
2178# An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
2179# the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
2180# http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
2181# "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
2182# watches should be set back one hour -- going back to 00:00 hours -- returning
2183# to the normal schedule....
2184
2185# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
2186# http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english/news/art89.html, dated yesterday,
2187# says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
2188# For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
2189# except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
2190
2191# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
2192Rule	Cuba	1928	only	-	Jun	10	0:00	1:00	D
2193Rule	Cuba	1928	only	-	Oct	10	0:00	0	S
2194Rule	Cuba	1940	1942	-	Jun	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
2195Rule	Cuba	1940	1942	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
2196Rule	Cuba	1945	1946	-	Jun	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
2197Rule	Cuba	1945	1946	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
2198Rule	Cuba	1965	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	D
2199Rule	Cuba	1965	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
2200Rule	Cuba	1966	only	-	May	29	0:00	1:00	D
2201Rule	Cuba	1966	only	-	Oct	2	0:00	0	S
2202Rule	Cuba	1967	only	-	Apr	8	0:00	1:00	D
2203Rule	Cuba	1967	1968	-	Sep	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
2204Rule	Cuba	1968	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	D
2205Rule	Cuba	1969	1977	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
2206Rule	Cuba	1969	1971	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
2207Rule	Cuba	1972	1974	-	Oct	8	0:00	0	S
2208Rule	Cuba	1975	1977	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
2209Rule	Cuba	1978	only	-	May	7	0:00	1:00	D
2210Rule	Cuba	1978	1990	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
2211Rule	Cuba	1979	1980	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	D
2212Rule	Cuba	1981	1985	-	May	Sun>=5	0:00	1:00	D
2213Rule	Cuba	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=14	0:00	1:00	D
2214Rule	Cuba	1990	1997	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
2215Rule	Cuba	1991	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00s	0	S
2216Rule	Cuba	1996	only	-	Oct	 6	0:00s	0	S
2217Rule	Cuba	1997	only	-	Oct	12	0:00s	0	S
2218Rule	Cuba	1998	1999	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00s	1:00	D
2219Rule	Cuba	1998	2003	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00s	0	S
2220Rule	Cuba	2000	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00s	1:00	D
2221Rule	Cuba	2006	only	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00s	0	S
2222Rule	Cuba	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00s	1:00	D
2223Rule	Cuba	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	0:00s	0	S
2224
2225# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2226Zone	America/Havana	-5:29:28 -	LMT	1890
2227			-5:29:36 -	HMT	1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
2228			-5:00	Cuba	C%sT
2229
2230# Dominica
2231# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2232Zone America/Dominica	-4:05:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul 1 0:01		# Roseau
2233			-4:00	-	AST
2234
2235# Dominican Republic
2236
2237# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
2238# Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
2239# time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
2240# http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html
2241
2242# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
2243# That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.
2244
2245# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
2246# Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
2247# November 28, 2000, with a new decree.  On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
2248# Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
2249# Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future.  The reason they
2250# decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
2251# to implement DST.  When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
2252# decided to revert.
2253
2254
2255# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
2256Rule	DR	1966	only	-	Oct	30	0:00	1:00	D
2257Rule	DR	1967	only	-	Feb	28	0:00	0	S
2258Rule	DR	1969	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0:30	HD
2259Rule	DR	1970	only	-	Feb	21	0:00	0	S
2260Rule	DR	1971	only	-	Jan	20	0:00	0	S
2261Rule	DR	1972	1974	-	Jan	21	0:00	0	S
2262# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2263Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 -	LMT	1890
2264			-4:40	-	SDMT	1933 Apr  1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
2265			-5:00	DR	E%sT	1974 Oct 27
2266			-4:00	-	AST	2000 Oct 29 02:00
2267			-5:00	US	E%sT	2000 Dec  3 01:00
2268			-4:00	-	AST
2269
2270# El Salvador
2271
2272# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
2273Rule	Salv	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
2274Rule	Salv	1987	1988	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
2275# There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
2276# instead of America/San_Salvador.
2277# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2278Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 -	LMT	1921		# San Salvador
2279			-6:00	Salv	C%sT
2280
2281# Grenada
2282# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2283Zone	America/Grenada	-4:07:00 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# St George's
2284			-4:00	-	AST
2285
2286# Guadeloupe
2287# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2288Zone America/Guadeloupe	-4:06:08 -	LMT	1911 Jun 8	# Pointe a Pitre
2289			-4:00	-	AST
2290
2291# Guatemala
2292#
2293# From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
2294# Diario Co Latino, at
2295# http://www.diariocolatino.com/internacionales/detalles.asp?NewsID=8079,
2296# says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
2297# decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
2298# impact of the elevated cost of oil....  Daylight saving time will last from
2299# 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified).
2300# From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
2301# The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
2302# (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00.  See
2303# <http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf>.
2304
2305# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
2306Rule	Guat	1973	only	-	Nov	25	0:00	1:00	D
2307Rule	Guat	1974	only	-	Feb	24	0:00	0	S
2308Rule	Guat	1983	only	-	May	21	0:00	1:00	D
2309Rule	Guat	1983	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
2310Rule	Guat	1991	only	-	Mar	23	0:00	1:00	D
2311Rule	Guat	1991	only	-	Sep	 7	0:00	0	S
2312Rule	Guat	2006	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
2313Rule	Guat	2006	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
2314# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2315Zone America/Guatemala	-6:02:04 -	LMT	1918 Oct 5
2316			-6:00	Guat	C%sT
2317
2318# Haiti
2319# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
2320# Risto O. Nykanen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
2321# I searched for confirmation, and I found a
2322# <a href="http://www.haitianconsulate.org/time.doc"> press release
2323# on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
2324# </a>.  Translated from French, it says:
2325#
2326#  "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
2327#   and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
2328#   Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
2329#   provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
2330#   Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
2331#
2332#  "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
2333#   the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
2334#   starting at midnight.  This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
2335#   October 2005.
2336#
2337#  "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"
2338#
2339# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04):
2340# I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like
2341# last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a
2342# "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST
2343# next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year).
2344#
2345# I have found this article about it (in French):
2346# http://www.haitipressnetwork.com/news.cfm?articleID=7612
2347#
2348# The reason seems to be an energy crisis.
2349
2350# From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22):
2351# Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007.
2352
2353
2354# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
2355Rule	Haiti	1983	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	D
2356Rule	Haiti	1984	1987	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
2357Rule	Haiti	1983	1987	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
2358# Shanks & Pottenger say AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.
2359# Go with IATA.
2360Rule	Haiti	1988	1997	-	Apr	Sun>=1	1:00s	1:00	D
2361Rule	Haiti	1988	1997	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
2362Rule	Haiti	2005	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
2363Rule	Haiti	2005	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
2364# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2365Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 -	LMT	1890
2366			-4:49	-	PPMT	1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
2367			-5:00	Haiti	E%sT
2368
2369# Honduras
2370# Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
2371
2372# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05):
2373# worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article
2374# saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4
2375# months until September.  La Tribuna reported today
2376# <http://www.latribuna.hn/99299.html> that Manuel Zelaya, the president
2377# of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
2378
2379# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
2380# It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
2381# 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
2382# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
2383
2384# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
2385# Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08)
2386# <http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12>.
2387# It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
2388
2389# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2390# Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not
2391# published, I have located this authoritative source:
2392# http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47
2393
2394# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30):
2395# http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386
2396# So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year....
2397
2398# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
2399Rule	Hond	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
2400Rule	Hond	1987	1988	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
2401Rule	Hond	2006	only	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
2402Rule	Hond	2006	only	-	Aug	Mon>=1	0:00	0	S
2403# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2404Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 -	LMT	1921 Apr
2405			-6:00	Hond	C%sT
2406#
2407# Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
2408
2409# Jamaica
2410
2411# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
2412# Follows US rules.
2413
2414# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
2415# JAMAICA             5 H  BEHIND UTC
2416
2417# From Shanks & Pottenger:
2418# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2419Zone	America/Jamaica	-5:07:12 -	LMT	1890		# Kingston
2420			-5:07:12 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
2421			-5:00	-	EST	1974 Apr 28 2:00
2422			-5:00	US	E%sT	1984
2423			-5:00	-	EST
2424
2425# Martinique
2426# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2427Zone America/Martinique	-4:04:20 -      LMT	1890		# Fort-de-France
2428			-4:04:20 -	FFMT	1911 May     # Fort-de-France MT
2429			-4:00	-	AST	1980 Apr  6
2430			-4:00	1:00	ADT	1980 Sep 28
2431			-4:00	-	AST
2432
2433# Montserrat
2434# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2435# In 1995 volcanic eruptions forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital.
2436# world.gazetteer.com says Cork Hill is the most populous location now.
2437# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2438Zone America/Montserrat	-4:08:52 -	LMT	1911 Jul 1 0:01   # Cork Hill
2439			-4:00	-	AST
2440
2441# Nicaragua
2442#
2443# This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005.
2444#
2445# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
2446# I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
2447# DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
2448# expensive petroleum.  The exact end date for DST is not yet
2449# announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
2450# Some background information is available on the President's official site:
2451# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
2452# The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
2453# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
2454#
2455# From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
2456# The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
2457# assume that it is daylight saving....
2458#
2459# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
2460# The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
2461# http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
2462# and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish):  "The last
2463# time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
2464# during the Arnoldo Aleman administration."...
2465# The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
2466# since December 1998.  I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
2467# changes in 2000.  Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
2468# the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
2469#
2470# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
2471# Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
2472# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
2473# (2005-09-26)
2474#
2475# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
2476# http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
2477# (my informal translation)
2478# By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolanos, Nicaragua
2479# advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
2480# morning, and will stay that way until 30.th. of september.
2481#
2482# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
2483# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
2484# My informal translation runs:
2485# The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
2486# time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
2487#
2488# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
2489Rule	Nic	1979	1980	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	D
2490Rule	Nic	1979	1980	-	Jun	Mon>=23	0:00	0	S
2491Rule	Nic	2005	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	D
2492Rule	Nic	2005	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
2493Rule	Nic	2006	only	-	Apr	30	2:00	1:00	D
2494Rule	Nic	2006	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	1:00	0	S
2495# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2496Zone	America/Managua	-5:45:08 -	LMT	1890
2497			-5:45:12 -	MMT	1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
2498			-6:00	-	CST	1973 May
2499			-5:00	-	EST	1975 Feb 16
2500			-6:00	Nic	C%sT	1992 Jan  1 4:00
2501			-5:00	-	EST	1992 Sep 24
2502			-6:00	-	CST	1993
2503			-5:00	-	EST	1997
2504			-6:00	Nic	C%sT
2505
2506# Panama
2507# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2508Zone	America/Panama	-5:18:08 -	LMT	1890
2509			-5:19:36 -	CMT	1908 Apr 22   # Colon Mean Time
2510			-5:00	-	EST
2511
2512# Puerto Rico
2513# There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use `Puerto_Rico'.
2514# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2515Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -	LMT	1899 Mar 28 12:00    # San Juan
2516			-4:00	-	AST	1942 May  3
2517			-4:00	US	A%sT	1946
2518			-4:00	-	AST
2519
2520# St Kitts-Nevis
2521# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2522Zone America/St_Kitts	-4:10:52 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2	# Basseterre
2523			-4:00	-	AST
2524
2525# St Lucia
2526# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2527Zone America/St_Lucia	-4:04:00 -	LMT	1890		# Castries
2528			-4:04:00 -	CMT	1912	    # Castries Mean Time
2529			-4:00	-	AST
2530
2531# St Pierre and Miquelon
2532# There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use `Miquelon'.
2533# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2534Zone America/Miquelon	-3:44:40 -	LMT	1911 May 15	# St Pierre
2535			-4:00	-	AST	1980 May
2536			-3:00	-	PMST	1987 # Pierre & Miquelon Time
2537			-3:00	Canada	PM%sT
2538
2539# St Vincent and the Grenadines
2540# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2541Zone America/St_Vincent	-4:04:56 -	LMT	1890		# Kingstown
2542			-4:04:56 -	KMT	1912	   # Kingstown Mean Time
2543			-4:00	-	AST
2544
2545# Turks and Caicos
2546#
2547# From Chris Dunn in
2548# <http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=415007>
2549# (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
2550# daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
2551# the recent U.S. change of dates.
2552#
2553# From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28):
2554# http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26]
2555# there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three
2556# rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct:
2557# "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007
2558# Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
2559# indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
2560#
2561# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-01):
2562# Shanks & Pottenger say they use US DST rules, but IATA SSIM (1991/1998)
2563# says they switch at midnight.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2564#
2565# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
2566Rule	TC	1979	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
2567Rule	TC	1979	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
2568Rule	TC	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
2569Rule	TC	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
2570Rule	TC	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
2571# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2572Zone America/Grand_Turk	-4:44:32 -	LMT	1890
2573			-5:07:12 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
2574			-5:00	TC	E%sT
2575
2576# British Virgin Is
2577# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2578Zone America/Tortola	-4:18:28 -	LMT	1911 Jul    # Road Town
2579			-4:00	-	AST
2580
2581# Virgin Is
2582# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2583Zone America/St_Thomas	-4:19:44 -	LMT	1911 Jul    # Charlotte Amalie
2584			-4:00	-	AST
2585