xref: /dragonfly/sys/netinet/tcp_output.c (revision 9a92bb4c)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 2004 Jeffrey M. Hsu.  All rights reserved.
3  * Copyright (c) 2004 The DragonFly Project.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This code is derived from software contributed to The DragonFly Project
6  * by Jeffrey M. Hsu.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  * 3. Neither the name of The DragonFly Project nor the names of its
17  *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
18  *    from this software without specific, prior written permission.
19  *
20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
21  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
22  * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
23  * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
24  * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
25  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
26  * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
27  * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
28  * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
29  * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
30  * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33 
34 /*
35  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1995
36  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
37  *
38  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
39  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
40  * are met:
41  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
42  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
43  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
44  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
45  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
46  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
47  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
48  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
49  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
50  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
51  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
52  *    without specific prior written permission.
53  *
54  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
55  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
56  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
57  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
58  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
59  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
60  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
61  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
62  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
63  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
64  * SUCH DAMAGE.
65  *
66  *	@(#)tcp_output.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 5/24/95
67  * $FreeBSD: src/sys/netinet/tcp_output.c,v 1.39.2.20 2003/01/29 22:45:36 hsu Exp $
68  * $DragonFly: src/sys/netinet/tcp_output.c,v 1.34 2007/04/22 01:13:14 dillon Exp $
69  */
70 
71 #include "opt_inet6.h"
72 #include "opt_ipsec.h"
73 #include "opt_tcpdebug.h"
74 
75 #include <sys/param.h>
76 #include <sys/systm.h>
77 #include <sys/kernel.h>
78 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
79 #include <sys/mbuf.h>
80 #include <sys/domain.h>
81 #include <sys/protosw.h>
82 #include <sys/socket.h>
83 #include <sys/socketvar.h>
84 #include <sys/in_cksum.h>
85 #include <sys/thread.h>
86 #include <sys/globaldata.h>
87 
88 #include <net/route.h>
89 
90 #include <netinet/in.h>
91 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
92 #include <netinet/ip.h>
93 #include <netinet/in_pcb.h>
94 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
95 #include <netinet6/in6_pcb.h>
96 #include <netinet/ip6.h>
97 #include <netinet6/ip6_var.h>
98 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
99 #define	TCPOUTFLAGS
100 #include <netinet/tcp_fsm.h>
101 #include <netinet/tcp_seq.h>
102 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
103 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
104 #include <netinet/tcpip.h>
105 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
106 #include <netinet/tcp_debug.h>
107 #endif
108 
109 #ifdef IPSEC
110 #include <netinet6/ipsec.h>
111 #endif /*IPSEC*/
112 
113 #ifdef FAST_IPSEC
114 #include <netproto/ipsec/ipsec.h>
115 #define	IPSEC
116 #endif /*FAST_IPSEC*/
117 
118 #ifdef notyet
119 extern struct mbuf *m_copypack();
120 #endif
121 
122 int path_mtu_discovery = 0;
123 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, path_mtu_discovery, CTLFLAG_RW,
124 	&path_mtu_discovery, 1, "Enable Path MTU Discovery");
125 
126 static int avoid_pure_win_update = 1;
127 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, avoid_pure_win_update, CTLFLAG_RW,
128 	&avoid_pure_win_update, 1, "Avoid pure window updates when possible");
129 
130 /*
131  * Tcp output routine: figure out what should be sent and send it.
132  */
133 int
134 tcp_output(struct tcpcb *tp)
135 {
136 	struct inpcb * const inp = tp->t_inpcb;
137 	struct socket *so = inp->inp_socket;
138 	long len, recvwin, sendwin;
139 	int nsacked = 0;
140 	int off, flags, error;
141 	struct mbuf *m;
142 	struct ip *ip = NULL;
143 	struct ipovly *ipov = NULL;
144 	struct tcphdr *th;
145 	u_char opt[TCP_MAXOLEN];
146 	unsigned int ipoptlen, optlen, hdrlen;
147 	int idle;
148 	boolean_t sendalot;
149 	struct ip6_hdr *ip6 = NULL;
150 #ifdef INET6
151 	const boolean_t isipv6 = (inp->inp_vflag & INP_IPV6) != 0;
152 #else
153 	const boolean_t isipv6 = FALSE;
154 #endif
155 	struct rmxp_tao *taop;
156 
157 	/*
158 	 * Determine length of data that should be transmitted,
159 	 * and flags that will be used.
160 	 * If there is some data or critical controls (SYN, RST)
161 	 * to send, then transmit; otherwise, investigate further.
162 	 */
163 
164 	/*
165 	 * If we have been idle for a while, the send congestion window
166 	 * could be no longer representative of the current state of the link.
167 	 * So unless we are expecting more acks to come in, slow-start from
168 	 * scratch to re-determine the send congestion window.
169 	 */
170 	if (tp->snd_max == tp->snd_una &&
171 	    (ticks - tp->t_rcvtime) >= tp->t_rxtcur) {
172 		if (tcp_do_rfc3390) {
173 			int initial_cwnd =
174 			    min(4 * tp->t_maxseg, max(2 * tp->t_maxseg, 4380));
175 
176 			tp->snd_cwnd = min(tp->snd_cwnd, initial_cwnd);
177 		} else {
178 			tp->snd_cwnd = tp->t_maxseg;
179 		}
180 		tp->snd_wacked = 0;
181 	}
182 
183 	/*
184 	 * Calculate whether the transmit stream was previously idle
185 	 * and adjust TF_LASTIDLE for the next time.
186 	 */
187 	idle = (tp->t_flags & TF_LASTIDLE) || (tp->snd_max == tp->snd_una);
188 	if (idle && (tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME))
189 		tp->t_flags |= TF_LASTIDLE;
190 	else
191 		tp->t_flags &= ~TF_LASTIDLE;
192 
193 	if (TCP_DO_SACK(tp) && tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_max &&
194 	    !IN_FASTRECOVERY(tp))
195 		nsacked = tcp_sack_bytes_below(&tp->scb, tp->snd_nxt);
196 
197 again:
198 	/* Make use of SACK information when slow-starting after a RTO. */
199 	if (TCP_DO_SACK(tp) && tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_max &&
200 	    !IN_FASTRECOVERY(tp)) {
201 		tcp_seq old_snd_nxt = tp->snd_nxt;
202 
203 		tcp_sack_skip_sacked(&tp->scb, &tp->snd_nxt);
204 		nsacked += tp->snd_nxt - old_snd_nxt;
205 	}
206 
207 	sendalot = FALSE;
208 	off = tp->snd_nxt - tp->snd_una;
209 	sendwin = min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd + nsacked);
210 	sendwin = min(sendwin, tp->snd_bwnd);
211 
212 	flags = tcp_outflags[tp->t_state];
213 	/*
214 	 * Get standard flags, and add SYN or FIN if requested by 'hidden'
215 	 * state flags.
216 	 */
217 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDFIN)
218 		flags |= TH_FIN;
219 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN)
220 		flags |= TH_SYN;
221 
222 	/*
223 	 * If in persist timeout with window of 0, send 1 byte.
224 	 * Otherwise, if window is small but nonzero
225 	 * and timer expired, we will send what we can
226 	 * and go to transmit state.
227 	 */
228 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCE) {
229 		if (sendwin == 0) {
230 			/*
231 			 * If we still have some data to send, then
232 			 * clear the FIN bit.  Usually this would
233 			 * happen below when it realizes that we
234 			 * aren't sending all the data.  However,
235 			 * if we have exactly 1 byte of unsent data,
236 			 * then it won't clear the FIN bit below,
237 			 * and if we are in persist state, we wind
238 			 * up sending the packet without recording
239 			 * that we sent the FIN bit.
240 			 *
241 			 * We can't just blindly clear the FIN bit,
242 			 * because if we don't have any more data
243 			 * to send then the probe will be the FIN
244 			 * itself.
245 			 */
246 			if (off < so->so_snd.ssb_cc)
247 				flags &= ~TH_FIN;
248 			sendwin = 1;
249 		} else {
250 			callout_stop(tp->tt_persist);
251 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
252 		}
253 	}
254 
255 	/*
256 	 * If snd_nxt == snd_max and we have transmitted a FIN, the
257 	 * offset will be > 0 even if so_snd.ssb_cc is 0, resulting in
258 	 * a negative length.  This can also occur when TCP opens up
259 	 * its congestion window while receiving additional duplicate
260 	 * acks after fast-retransmit because TCP will reset snd_nxt
261 	 * to snd_max after the fast-retransmit.
262 	 *
263 	 * In the normal retransmit-FIN-only case, however, snd_nxt will
264 	 * be set to snd_una, the offset will be 0, and the length may
265 	 * wind up 0.
266 	 */
267 	len = (long)ulmin(so->so_snd.ssb_cc, sendwin) - off;
268 
269 	/*
270 	 * Lop off SYN bit if it has already been sent.  However, if this
271 	 * is SYN-SENT state and if segment contains data and if we don't
272 	 * know that foreign host supports TAO, suppress sending segment.
273 	 */
274 	if ((flags & TH_SYN) && SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_una)) {
275 		flags &= ~TH_SYN;
276 		off--, len++;
277 		if (len > 0 && tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT &&
278 		    ((taop = tcp_gettaocache(&inp->inp_inc)) == NULL ||
279 		     taop->tao_ccsent == 0))
280 			return 0;
281 	}
282 
283 	/*
284 	 * Be careful not to send data and/or FIN on SYN segments
285 	 * in cases when no CC option will be sent.
286 	 * This measure is needed to prevent interoperability problems
287 	 * with not fully conformant TCP implementations.
288 	 */
289 	if ((flags & TH_SYN) &&
290 	    ((tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT) || !(tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_CC) ||
291 	     ((flags & TH_ACK) && !(tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_CC)))) {
292 		len = 0;
293 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
294 	}
295 
296 	if (len < 0) {
297 		/*
298 		 * If FIN has been sent but not acked,
299 		 * but we haven't been called to retransmit,
300 		 * len will be < 0.  Otherwise, window shrank
301 		 * after we sent into it.  If window shrank to 0,
302 		 * cancel pending retransmit, pull snd_nxt back
303 		 * to (closed) window, and set the persist timer
304 		 * if it isn't already going.  If the window didn't
305 		 * close completely, just wait for an ACK.
306 		 */
307 		len = 0;
308 		if (sendwin == 0) {
309 			callout_stop(tp->tt_rexmt);
310 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
311 			tp->snd_nxt = tp->snd_una;
312 			if (!callout_active(tp->tt_persist))
313 				tcp_setpersist(tp);
314 		}
315 	}
316 
317 	/*
318 	 * len will be >= 0 after this point.  Truncate to the maximum
319 	 * segment length and ensure that FIN is removed if the length
320 	 * no longer contains the last data byte.
321 	 */
322 	if (len > tp->t_maxseg) {
323 		len = tp->t_maxseg;
324 		sendalot = TRUE;
325 	}
326 	if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt + len, tp->snd_una + so->so_snd.ssb_cc))
327 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
328 
329 	recvwin = ssb_space(&so->so_rcv);
330 
331 	/*
332 	 * Sender silly window avoidance.   We transmit under the following
333 	 * conditions when len is non-zero:
334 	 *
335 	 *	- We have a full segment
336 	 *	- This is the last buffer in a write()/send() and we are
337 	 *	  either idle or running NODELAY
338 	 *	- we've timed out (e.g. persist timer)
339 	 *	- we have more then 1/2 the maximum send window's worth of
340 	 *	  data (receiver may be limiting the window size)
341 	 *	- we need to retransmit
342 	 */
343 	if (len) {
344 		if (len == tp->t_maxseg)
345 			goto send;
346 		/*
347 		 * NOTE! on localhost connections an 'ack' from the remote
348 		 * end may occur synchronously with the output and cause
349 		 * us to flush a buffer queued with moretocome.  XXX
350 		 *
351 		 * note: the len + off check is almost certainly unnecessary.
352 		 */
353 		if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME) &&	/* normal case */
354 		    (idle || (tp->t_flags & TF_NODELAY)) &&
355 		    len + off >= so->so_snd.ssb_cc &&
356 		    !(tp->t_flags & TF_NOPUSH)) {
357 			goto send;
358 		}
359 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCE)		/* typ. timeout case */
360 			goto send;
361 		if (len >= tp->max_sndwnd / 2 && tp->max_sndwnd > 0)
362 			goto send;
363 		if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))	/* retransmit case */
364 			goto send;
365 	}
366 
367 	/*
368 	 * Compare available window to amount of window
369 	 * known to peer (as advertised window less
370 	 * next expected input).  If the difference is at least two
371 	 * max size segments, or at least 50% of the maximum possible
372 	 * window, then want to send a window update to peer.
373 	 */
374 	if (recvwin > 0) {
375 		/*
376 		 * "adv" is the amount we can increase the window,
377 		 * taking into account that we are limited by
378 		 * TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale.
379 		 */
380 		long adv = min(recvwin, (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale) -
381 			(tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
382 
383 		/*
384 		 * This ack case typically occurs when the user has drained
385 		 * the TCP socket buffer sufficiently to warrent an ack
386 		 * containing a 'pure window update'... that is, an ack that
387 		 * ONLY updates the tcp window.
388 		 *
389 		 * It is unclear why we would need to do a pure window update
390 		 * past 2 segments if we are going to do one at 1/2 the high
391 		 * water mark anyway, especially since under normal conditions
392 		 * the user program will drain the socket buffer quickly.
393 		 * The 2-segment pure window update will often add a large
394 		 * number of extra, unnecessary acks to the stream.
395 		 *
396 		 * avoid_pure_win_update now defaults to 1.
397 		 */
398 		if (avoid_pure_win_update == 0) {
399 			if (adv >= (long) (2 * tp->t_maxseg))
400 				goto send;
401 		}
402 		if (2 * adv >= (long) so->so_rcv.ssb_hiwat)
403 			goto send;
404 	}
405 
406 	/*
407 	 * Send if we owe the peer an ACK, RST, SYN, or urgent data.  ACKNOW
408 	 * is also a catch-all for the retransmit timer timeout case.
409 	 */
410 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
411 		goto send;
412 	if ((flags & TH_RST) ||
413 	    ((flags & TH_SYN) && !(tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN)))
414 		goto send;
415 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
416 		goto send;
417 	/*
418 	 * If our state indicates that FIN should be sent
419 	 * and we have not yet done so, then we need to send.
420 	 */
421 	if (flags & TH_FIN &&
422 	    (!(tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN) || tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_una))
423 		goto send;
424 
425 	/*
426 	 * TCP window updates are not reliable, rather a polling protocol
427 	 * using ``persist'' packets is used to insure receipt of window
428 	 * updates.  The three ``states'' for the output side are:
429 	 *	idle			not doing retransmits or persists
430 	 *	persisting		to move a small or zero window
431 	 *	(re)transmitting	and thereby not persisting
432 	 *
433 	 * callout_active(tp->tt_persist)
434 	 *	is true when we are in persist state.
435 	 * The TF_FORCE flag in tp->t_flags
436 	 *	is set when we are called to send a persist packet.
437 	 * callout_active(tp->tt_rexmt)
438 	 *	is set when we are retransmitting
439 	 * The output side is idle when both timers are zero.
440 	 *
441 	 * If send window is too small, there is data to transmit, and no
442 	 * retransmit or persist is pending, then go to persist state.
443 	 * If nothing happens soon, send when timer expires:
444 	 * if window is nonzero, transmit what we can,
445 	 * otherwise force out a byte.
446 	 */
447 	if (so->so_snd.ssb_cc > 0 &&
448 	    !callout_active(tp->tt_rexmt) && !callout_active(tp->tt_persist)) {
449 		tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
450 		tcp_setpersist(tp);
451 	}
452 
453 	/*
454 	 * No reason to send a segment, just return.
455 	 */
456 	return (0);
457 
458 send:
459 	/*
460 	 * Before ESTABLISHED, force sending of initial options
461 	 * unless TCP set not to do any options.
462 	 * NOTE: we assume that the IP/TCP header plus TCP options
463 	 * always fit in a single mbuf, leaving room for a maximum
464 	 * link header, i.e.
465 	 *	max_linkhdr + sizeof(struct tcpiphdr) + optlen <= MCLBYTES
466 	 */
467 	optlen = 0;
468 	if (isipv6)
469 		hdrlen = sizeof(struct ip6_hdr) + sizeof(struct tcphdr);
470 	else
471 		hdrlen = sizeof(struct tcpiphdr);
472 	if (flags & TH_SYN) {
473 		tp->snd_nxt = tp->iss;
474 		if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT)) {
475 			u_short mss;
476 
477 			opt[0] = TCPOPT_MAXSEG;
478 			opt[1] = TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
479 			mss = htons((u_short) tcp_mssopt(tp));
480 			memcpy(opt + 2, &mss, sizeof mss);
481 			optlen = TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
482 
483 			if ((tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_SCALE) &&
484 			    (!(flags & TH_ACK) ||
485 			     (tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_SCALE))) {
486 				*((u_int32_t *)(opt + optlen)) = htonl(
487 					TCPOPT_NOP << 24 |
488 					TCPOPT_WINDOW << 16 |
489 					TCPOLEN_WINDOW << 8 |
490 					tp->request_r_scale);
491 				optlen += 4;
492 			}
493 
494 			if ((tcp_do_sack && !(flags & TH_ACK)) ||
495 			    tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMITTED) {
496 				uint32_t *lp = (uint32_t *)(opt + optlen);
497 
498 				*lp = htonl(TCPOPT_SACK_PERMITTED_ALIGNED);
499 				optlen += TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED_ALIGNED;
500 			}
501 		}
502 	}
503 
504 	/*
505 	 * Send a timestamp and echo-reply if this is a SYN and our side
506 	 * wants to use timestamps (TF_REQ_TSTMP is set) or both our side
507 	 * and our peer have sent timestamps in our SYN's.
508 	 */
509 	if ((tp->t_flags & (TF_REQ_TSTMP | TF_NOOPT)) == TF_REQ_TSTMP &&
510 	    !(flags & TH_RST) &&
511 	    (!(flags & TH_ACK) || (tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_TSTMP))) {
512 		u_int32_t *lp = (u_int32_t *)(opt + optlen);
513 
514 		/* Form timestamp option as shown in appendix A of RFC 1323. */
515 		*lp++ = htonl(TCPOPT_TSTAMP_HDR);
516 		*lp++ = htonl(ticks);
517 		*lp   = htonl(tp->ts_recent);
518 		optlen += TCPOLEN_TSTAMP_APPA;
519 	}
520 
521 	/*
522 	 * Send `CC-family' options if our side wants to use them (TF_REQ_CC),
523 	 * options are allowed (!TF_NOOPT) and it's not a RST.
524 	 */
525 	if ((tp->t_flags & (TF_REQ_CC | TF_NOOPT)) == TF_REQ_CC &&
526 	     !(flags & TH_RST)) {
527 		switch (flags & (TH_SYN | TH_ACK)) {
528 		/*
529 		 * This is a normal ACK, send CC if we received CC before
530 		 * from our peer.
531 		 */
532 		case TH_ACK:
533 			if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_CC))
534 				break;
535 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
536 
537 		/*
538 		 * We can only get here in T/TCP's SYN_SENT* state, when
539 		 * we're a sending a non-SYN segment without waiting for
540 		 * the ACK of our SYN.  A check above assures that we only
541 		 * do this if our peer understands T/TCP.
542 		 */
543 		case 0:
544 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
545 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
546 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_CC;
547 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOLEN_CC;
548 			*(u_int32_t *)&opt[optlen] = htonl(tp->cc_send);
549 			optlen += 4;
550 			break;
551 
552 		/*
553 		 * This is our initial SYN, check whether we have to use
554 		 * CC or CC.new.
555 		 */
556 		case TH_SYN:
557 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
558 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
559 			opt[optlen++] = tp->t_flags & TF_SENDCCNEW ?
560 						TCPOPT_CCNEW : TCPOPT_CC;
561 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOLEN_CC;
562 			*(u_int32_t *)&opt[optlen] = htonl(tp->cc_send);
563 			optlen += 4;
564 			break;
565 
566 		/*
567 		 * This is a SYN,ACK; send CC and CC.echo if we received
568 		 * CC from our peer.
569 		 */
570 		case (TH_SYN | TH_ACK):
571 			if (tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_CC) {
572 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
573 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
574 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_CC;
575 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOLEN_CC;
576 				*(u_int32_t *)&opt[optlen] = htonl(tp->cc_send);
577 				optlen += 4;
578 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
579 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
580 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_CCECHO;
581 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOLEN_CC;
582 				*(u_int32_t *)&opt[optlen] = htonl(tp->cc_recv);
583 				optlen += 4;
584 			}
585 			break;
586 		}
587 	}
588 
589 	/*
590 	 * If this is a SACK connection and we have a block to report,
591 	 * fill in the SACK blocks in the TCP options.
592 	 */
593 	if ((tp->t_flags & (TF_SACK_PERMITTED | TF_NOOPT)) ==
594 		TF_SACK_PERMITTED &&
595 	    (!LIST_EMPTY(&tp->t_segq) ||
596 	     tp->reportblk.rblk_start != tp->reportblk.rblk_end))
597 		tcp_sack_fill_report(tp, opt, &optlen);
598 
599 	KASSERT(optlen <= TCP_MAXOLEN, ("too many TCP options"));
600 	hdrlen += optlen;
601 
602 	if (isipv6) {
603 		ipoptlen = ip6_optlen(inp);
604 	} else {
605 		if (inp->inp_options) {
606 			ipoptlen = inp->inp_options->m_len -
607 			    offsetof(struct ipoption, ipopt_list);
608 		} else {
609 			ipoptlen = 0;
610 		}
611 	}
612 #ifdef IPSEC
613 	ipoptlen += ipsec_hdrsiz_tcp(tp);
614 #endif
615 
616 	/*
617 	 * Adjust data length if insertion of options will bump the packet
618 	 * length beyond the t_maxopd length.  Clear FIN to prevent premature
619 	 * closure since there is still more data to send after this (now
620 	 * truncated) packet.
621 	 *
622 	 * If just the options do not fit we are in a no-win situation and
623 	 * we treat it as an unreachable host.
624 	 */
625 	if (len + optlen + ipoptlen > tp->t_maxopd) {
626 		if (tp->t_maxopd <= optlen + ipoptlen) {
627 			static time_t last_optlen_report;
628 
629 			if (last_optlen_report != time_second) {
630 				last_optlen_report = time_second;
631 				kprintf("tcpcb %p: MSS (%d) too small to hold options!\n", tp, tp->t_maxopd);
632 			}
633 			error = EHOSTUNREACH;
634 			goto out;
635 		} else {
636 			flags &= ~TH_FIN;
637 			len = tp->t_maxopd - optlen - ipoptlen;
638 			sendalot = TRUE;
639 		}
640 	}
641 
642 #ifdef INET6
643 	KASSERT(max_linkhdr + hdrlen <= MCLBYTES, ("tcphdr too big"));
644 #else
645 	KASSERT(max_linkhdr + hdrlen <= MHLEN, ("tcphdr too big"));
646 #endif
647 
648 	/*
649 	 * Grab a header mbuf, attaching a copy of data to
650 	 * be transmitted, and initialize the header from
651 	 * the template for sends on this connection.
652 	 */
653 	if (len) {
654 		if ((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCE) && len == 1)
655 			tcpstat.tcps_sndprobe++;
656 		else if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max)) {
657 			if (tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_una)
658 				tp->snd_max_rexmt = tp->snd_max;
659 			tcpstat.tcps_sndrexmitpack++;
660 			tcpstat.tcps_sndrexmitbyte += len;
661 		} else {
662 			tcpstat.tcps_sndpack++;
663 			tcpstat.tcps_sndbyte += len;
664 		}
665 #ifdef notyet
666 		if ((m = m_copypack(so->so_snd.ssb_mb, off, (int)len,
667 		    max_linkhdr + hdrlen)) == NULL) {
668 			error = ENOBUFS;
669 			goto out;
670 		}
671 		/*
672 		 * m_copypack left space for our hdr; use it.
673 		 */
674 		m->m_len += hdrlen;
675 		m->m_data -= hdrlen;
676 #else
677 #ifndef INET6
678 		m = m_gethdr(MB_DONTWAIT, MT_HEADER);
679 #else
680 		m = m_getl(hdrlen + max_linkhdr, MB_DONTWAIT, MT_HEADER,
681 			   M_PKTHDR, NULL);
682 #endif
683 		if (m == NULL) {
684 			error = ENOBUFS;
685 			goto out;
686 		}
687 		m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
688 		m->m_len = hdrlen;
689 		if (len <= MHLEN - hdrlen - max_linkhdr) {
690 			m_copydata(so->so_snd.ssb_mb, off, (int) len,
691 			    mtod(m, caddr_t) + hdrlen);
692 			m->m_len += len;
693 		} else {
694 			m->m_next = m_copy(so->so_snd.ssb_mb, off, (int) len);
695 			if (m->m_next == NULL) {
696 				m_free(m);
697 				error = ENOBUFS;
698 				goto out;
699 			}
700 		}
701 #endif
702 		/*
703 		 * If we're sending everything we've got, set PUSH.
704 		 * (This will keep happy those implementations which only
705 		 * give data to the user when a buffer fills or
706 		 * a PUSH comes in.)
707 		 */
708 		if (off + len == so->so_snd.ssb_cc)
709 			flags |= TH_PUSH;
710 	} else {
711 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
712 			tcpstat.tcps_sndacks++;
713 		else if (flags & (TH_SYN | TH_FIN | TH_RST))
714 			tcpstat.tcps_sndctrl++;
715 		else if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
716 			tcpstat.tcps_sndurg++;
717 		else
718 			tcpstat.tcps_sndwinup++;
719 
720 		MGETHDR(m, MB_DONTWAIT, MT_HEADER);
721 		if (m == NULL) {
722 			error = ENOBUFS;
723 			goto out;
724 		}
725 		if (isipv6 &&
726 		    (hdrlen + max_linkhdr > MHLEN) && hdrlen <= MHLEN)
727 			MH_ALIGN(m, hdrlen);
728 		else
729 			m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
730 		m->m_len = hdrlen;
731 	}
732 	m->m_pkthdr.rcvif = (struct ifnet *)0;
733 	if (isipv6) {
734 		ip6 = mtod(m, struct ip6_hdr *);
735 		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip6 + 1);
736 		tcp_fillheaders(tp, ip6, th);
737 	} else {
738 		ip = mtod(m, struct ip *);
739 		ipov = (struct ipovly *)ip;
740 		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip + 1);
741 		/* this picks up the pseudo header (w/o the length) */
742 		tcp_fillheaders(tp, ip, th);
743 	}
744 
745 	/*
746 	 * Fill in fields, remembering maximum advertised
747 	 * window for use in delaying messages about window sizes.
748 	 * If resending a FIN, be sure not to use a new sequence number.
749 	 */
750 	if (flags & TH_FIN && tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN &&
751 	    tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_max)
752 		tp->snd_nxt--;
753 	/*
754 	 * If we are doing retransmissions, then snd_nxt will
755 	 * not reflect the first unsent octet.  For ACK only
756 	 * packets, we do not want the sequence number of the
757 	 * retransmitted packet, we want the sequence number
758 	 * of the next unsent octet.  So, if there is no data
759 	 * (and no SYN or FIN), use snd_max instead of snd_nxt
760 	 * when filling in ti_seq.  But if we are in persist
761 	 * state, snd_max might reflect one byte beyond the
762 	 * right edge of the window, so use snd_nxt in that
763 	 * case, since we know we aren't doing a retransmission.
764 	 * (retransmit and persist are mutually exclusive...)
765 	 */
766 	if (len || (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN)) || callout_active(tp->tt_persist))
767 		th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_nxt);
768 	else
769 		th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_max);
770 	th->th_ack = htonl(tp->rcv_nxt);
771 	if (optlen) {
772 		bcopy(opt, th + 1, optlen);
773 		th->th_off = (sizeof(struct tcphdr) + optlen) >> 2;
774 	}
775 	th->th_flags = flags;
776 	/*
777 	 * Calculate receive window.  Don't shrink window,
778 	 * but avoid silly window syndrome.
779 	 */
780 	if (recvwin < (long)(so->so_rcv.ssb_hiwat / 4) &&
781 	    recvwin < (long)tp->t_maxseg)
782 		recvwin = 0;
783 	if (recvwin < (long)(tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt))
784 		recvwin = (long)(tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
785 	if (recvwin > (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale)
786 		recvwin = (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale;
787 	th->th_win = htons((u_short) (recvwin>>tp->rcv_scale));
788 
789 	/*
790 	 * Adjust the RXWIN0SENT flag - indicate that we have advertised
791 	 * a 0 window.  This may cause the remote transmitter to stall.  This
792 	 * flag tells soreceive() to disable delayed acknowledgements when
793 	 * draining the buffer.  This can occur if the receiver is attempting
794 	 * to read more data then can be buffered prior to transmitting on
795 	 * the connection.
796 	 */
797 	if (recvwin == 0)
798 		tp->t_flags |= TF_RXWIN0SENT;
799 	else
800 		tp->t_flags &= ~TF_RXWIN0SENT;
801 
802 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_nxt)) {
803 		th->th_urp = htons((u_short)(tp->snd_up - tp->snd_nxt));
804 		th->th_flags |= TH_URG;
805 	} else {
806 		/*
807 		 * If no urgent pointer to send, then we pull
808 		 * the urgent pointer to the left edge of the send window
809 		 * so that it doesn't drift into the send window on sequence
810 		 * number wraparound.
811 		 */
812 		tp->snd_up = tp->snd_una;		/* drag it along */
813 	}
814 
815 	/*
816 	 * Put TCP length in extended header, and then
817 	 * checksum extended header and data.
818 	 */
819 	m->m_pkthdr.len = hdrlen + len; /* in6_cksum() need this */
820 	if (isipv6) {
821 		/*
822 		 * ip6_plen is not need to be filled now, and will be filled
823 		 * in ip6_output().
824 		 */
825 		th->th_sum = in6_cksum(m, IPPROTO_TCP, sizeof(struct ip6_hdr),
826 				       sizeof(struct tcphdr) + optlen + len);
827 	} else {
828 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags = CSUM_TCP;
829 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_data = offsetof(struct tcphdr, th_sum);
830 		if (len + optlen)
831 			th->th_sum = in_addword(th->th_sum,
832 						htons((u_short)(optlen + len)));
833 
834 		/* IP version must be set here for ipv4/ipv6 checking later */
835 		KASSERT(ip->ip_v == IPVERSION,
836 		    ("%s: IP version incorrect: %d", __func__, ip->ip_v));
837 	}
838 
839 	/*
840 	 * In transmit state, time the transmission and arrange for
841 	 * the retransmit.  In persist state, just set snd_max.
842 	 */
843 	if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_FORCE) || !callout_active(tp->tt_persist)) {
844 		tcp_seq startseq = tp->snd_nxt;
845 
846 		/*
847 		 * Advance snd_nxt over sequence space of this segment.
848 		 */
849 		if (flags & (TH_SYN | TH_FIN)) {
850 			if (flags & TH_SYN)
851 				tp->snd_nxt++;
852 			if (flags & TH_FIN) {
853 				tp->snd_nxt++;
854 				tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
855 			}
856 		}
857 		tp->snd_nxt += len;
858 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max)) {
859 			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt;
860 			/*
861 			 * Time this transmission if not a retransmission and
862 			 * not currently timing anything.
863 			 */
864 			if (tp->t_rtttime == 0) {
865 				tp->t_rtttime = ticks;
866 				tp->t_rtseq = startseq;
867 				tcpstat.tcps_segstimed++;
868 			}
869 		}
870 
871 		/*
872 		 * Set retransmit timer if not currently set,
873 		 * and not doing a pure ack or a keep-alive probe.
874 		 * Initial value for retransmit timer is smoothed
875 		 * round-trip time + 2 * round-trip time variance.
876 		 * Initialize shift counter which is used for backoff
877 		 * of retransmit time.
878 		 */
879 		if (!callout_active(tp->tt_rexmt) &&
880 		    tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_una) {
881 			if (callout_active(tp->tt_persist)) {
882 				callout_stop(tp->tt_persist);
883 				tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
884 			}
885 			callout_reset(tp->tt_rexmt, tp->t_rxtcur,
886 				      tcp_timer_rexmt, tp);
887 		}
888 	} else {
889 		/*
890 		 * Persist case, update snd_max but since we are in
891 		 * persist mode (no window) we do not update snd_nxt.
892 		 */
893 		int xlen = len;
894 		if (flags & TH_SYN)
895 			++xlen;
896 		if (flags & TH_FIN) {
897 			++xlen;
898 			tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
899 		}
900 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt + xlen, tp->snd_max))
901 			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt + xlen;
902 	}
903 
904 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
905 	/*
906 	 * Trace.
907 	 */
908 	if (so->so_options & SO_DEBUG)
909 		tcp_trace(TA_OUTPUT, tp->t_state, tp, mtod(m, void *), th, 0);
910 #endif
911 
912 	/*
913 	 * Fill in IP length and desired time to live and
914 	 * send to IP level.  There should be a better way
915 	 * to handle ttl and tos; we could keep them in
916 	 * the template, but need a way to checksum without them.
917 	 */
918 	/*
919 	 * m->m_pkthdr.len should have been set before cksum calcuration,
920 	 * because in6_cksum() need it.
921 	 */
922 	if (isipv6) {
923 		/*
924 		 * we separately set hoplimit for every segment, since the
925 		 * user might want to change the value via setsockopt.
926 		 * Also, desired default hop limit might be changed via
927 		 * Neighbor Discovery.
928 		 */
929 		ip6->ip6_hlim = in6_selecthlim(inp,
930 		    (inp->in6p_route.ro_rt ?
931 		     inp->in6p_route.ro_rt->rt_ifp : NULL));
932 
933 		/* TODO: IPv6 IP6TOS_ECT bit on */
934 		error = ip6_output(m, inp->in6p_outputopts, &inp->in6p_route,
935 				   (so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE), NULL, NULL,
936 				   inp);
937 	} else {
938 		struct rtentry *rt;
939 		ip->ip_len = m->m_pkthdr.len;
940 #ifdef INET6
941 		if (INP_CHECK_SOCKAF(so, AF_INET6))
942 			ip->ip_ttl = in6_selecthlim(inp,
943 			    (inp->in6p_route.ro_rt ?
944 			     inp->in6p_route.ro_rt->rt_ifp : NULL));
945 		else
946 #endif
947 			ip->ip_ttl = inp->inp_ip_ttl;	/* XXX */
948 
949 		ip->ip_tos = inp->inp_ip_tos;	/* XXX */
950 		/*
951 		 * See if we should do MTU discovery.
952 		 * We do it only if the following are true:
953 		 *	1) we have a valid route to the destination
954 		 *	2) the MTU is not locked (if it is,
955 		 *	   then discovery has been disabled)
956 		 */
957 		if (path_mtu_discovery &&
958 		    (rt = inp->inp_route.ro_rt) && (rt->rt_flags & RTF_UP) &&
959 		    !(rt->rt_rmx.rmx_locks & RTV_MTU))
960 			ip->ip_off |= IP_DF;
961 
962 		error = ip_output(m, inp->inp_options, &inp->inp_route,
963 				  (so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE), NULL, inp);
964 	}
965 	if (error) {
966 
967 		/*
968 		 * We know that the packet was lost, so back out the
969 		 * sequence number advance, if any.
970 		 */
971 		if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_FORCE) ||
972 		    !callout_active(tp->tt_persist)) {
973 			/*
974 			 * No need to check for TH_FIN here because
975 			 * the TF_SENTFIN flag handles that case.
976 			 */
977 			if (!(flags & TH_SYN))
978 				tp->snd_nxt -= len;
979 		}
980 
981 out:
982 		if (error == ENOBUFS) {
983 			/*
984 			 * If we can't send, make sure there is something
985 			 * to get us going again later.  Persist state
986 			 * is not necessarily right, but it is close enough.
987 			 */
988 			if (!callout_active(tp->tt_rexmt) &&
989 			    !callout_active(tp->tt_persist)) {
990 				tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
991 				tcp_setpersist(tp);
992 			}
993 			tcp_quench(inp, 0);
994 			return (0);
995 		}
996 		if (error == EMSGSIZE) {
997 			/*
998 			 * ip_output() will have already fixed the route
999 			 * for us.  tcp_mtudisc() will, as its last action,
1000 			 * initiate retransmission, so it is important to
1001 			 * not do so here.
1002 			 */
1003 			tcp_mtudisc(inp, 0);
1004 			return 0;
1005 		}
1006 		if ((error == EHOSTUNREACH || error == ENETDOWN) &&
1007 		    TCPS_HAVERCVDSYN(tp->t_state)) {
1008 			tp->t_softerror = error;
1009 			return (0);
1010 		}
1011 		return (error);
1012 	}
1013 	tcpstat.tcps_sndtotal++;
1014 
1015 	/*
1016 	 * Data sent (as far as we can tell).
1017 	 * If this advertises a larger window than any other segment,
1018 	 * then remember the size of the advertised window.
1019 	 * Any pending ACK has now been sent.
1020 	 */
1021 	if (recvwin > 0 && SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_nxt + recvwin, tp->rcv_adv))
1022 		tp->rcv_adv = tp->rcv_nxt + recvwin;
1023 	tp->last_ack_sent = tp->rcv_nxt;
1024 	tp->t_flags &= ~TF_ACKNOW;
1025 	if (tcp_delack_enabled)
1026 		callout_stop(tp->tt_delack);
1027 	if (sendalot)
1028 		goto again;
1029 	return (0);
1030 }
1031 
1032 void
1033 tcp_setpersist(struct tcpcb *tp)
1034 {
1035 	int t = ((tp->t_srtt >> 2) + tp->t_rttvar) >> 1;
1036 	int tt;
1037 
1038 	if (callout_active(tp->tt_rexmt))
1039 		panic("tcp_setpersist: retransmit pending");
1040 	/*
1041 	 * Start/restart persistance timer.
1042 	 */
1043 	TCPT_RANGESET(tt, t * tcp_backoff[tp->t_rxtshift], TCPTV_PERSMIN,
1044 		      TCPTV_PERSMAX);
1045 	callout_reset(tp->tt_persist, tt, tcp_timer_persist, tp);
1046 	if (tp->t_rxtshift < TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT)
1047 		tp->t_rxtshift++;
1048 }
1049