xref: /dragonfly/sys/netinet/tcp_output.c (revision fe76c4fb)
1 /*
2  * Copyright (c) 2004 Jeffrey M. Hsu.  All rights reserved.
3  * Copyright (c) 2004 The DragonFly Project.  All rights reserved.
4  *
5  * This code is derived from software contributed to The DragonFly Project
6  * by Jeffrey M. Hsu.
7  *
8  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
9  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10  * are met:
11  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
12  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
13  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
14  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
15  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
16  * 3. Neither the name of The DragonFly Project nor the names of its
17  *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
18  *    from this software without specific, prior written permission.
19  *
20  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
21  * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
22  * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
23  * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
24  * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
25  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
26  * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
27  * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
28  * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
29  * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
30  * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
31  * SUCH DAMAGE.
32  */
33 
34 /*
35  * Copyright (c) 2004 Jeffrey M. Hsu.  All rights reserved.
36  *
37  * License terms: all terms for the DragonFly license above plus the following:
38  *
39  * 4. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
40  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
41  *
42  *	This product includes software developed by Jeffrey M. Hsu
43  *	for the DragonFly Project.
44  *
45  *    This requirement may be waived with permission from Jeffrey Hsu.
46  *    This requirement will sunset and may be removed on July 8 2005,
47  *    after which the standard DragonFly license (as shown above) will
48  *    apply.
49  */
50 
51 /*
52  * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1993, 1995
53  *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
54  *
55  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
56  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
57  * are met:
58  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
59  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
60  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
61  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
62  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
63  * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
64  *    must display the following acknowledgement:
65  *	This product includes software developed by the University of
66  *	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
67  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
68  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
69  *    without specific prior written permission.
70  *
71  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
72  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
73  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
74  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
75  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
76  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
77  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
78  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
79  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
80  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
81  * SUCH DAMAGE.
82  *
83  *	@(#)tcp_output.c	8.4 (Berkeley) 5/24/95
84  * $FreeBSD: src/sys/netinet/tcp_output.c,v 1.39.2.20 2003/01/29 22:45:36 hsu Exp $
85  * $DragonFly: src/sys/netinet/tcp_output.c,v 1.31 2006/04/14 21:18:24 dillon Exp $
86  */
87 
88 #include "opt_inet6.h"
89 #include "opt_ipsec.h"
90 #include "opt_tcpdebug.h"
91 
92 #include <sys/param.h>
93 #include <sys/systm.h>
94 #include <sys/kernel.h>
95 #include <sys/sysctl.h>
96 #include <sys/mbuf.h>
97 #include <sys/domain.h>
98 #include <sys/protosw.h>
99 #include <sys/socket.h>
100 #include <sys/socketvar.h>
101 #include <sys/in_cksum.h>
102 #include <sys/thread.h>
103 #include <sys/globaldata.h>
104 
105 #include <net/route.h>
106 
107 #include <netinet/in.h>
108 #include <netinet/in_systm.h>
109 #include <netinet/ip.h>
110 #include <netinet/in_pcb.h>
111 #include <netinet/ip_var.h>
112 #include <netinet6/in6_pcb.h>
113 #include <netinet/ip6.h>
114 #include <netinet6/ip6_var.h>
115 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
116 #define	TCPOUTFLAGS
117 #include <netinet/tcp_fsm.h>
118 #include <netinet/tcp_seq.h>
119 #include <netinet/tcp_timer.h>
120 #include <netinet/tcp_var.h>
121 #include <netinet/tcpip.h>
122 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
123 #include <netinet/tcp_debug.h>
124 #endif
125 
126 #ifdef IPSEC
127 #include <netinet6/ipsec.h>
128 #endif /*IPSEC*/
129 
130 #ifdef FAST_IPSEC
131 #include <netproto/ipsec/ipsec.h>
132 #define	IPSEC
133 #endif /*FAST_IPSEC*/
134 
135 #ifdef notyet
136 extern struct mbuf *m_copypack();
137 #endif
138 
139 int path_mtu_discovery = 0;
140 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, path_mtu_discovery, CTLFLAG_RW,
141 	&path_mtu_discovery, 1, "Enable Path MTU Discovery");
142 
143 static int avoid_pure_win_update = 1;
144 SYSCTL_INT(_net_inet_tcp, OID_AUTO, avoid_pure_win_update, CTLFLAG_RW,
145 	&avoid_pure_win_update, 1, "Avoid pure window updates when possible");
146 
147 /*
148  * Tcp output routine: figure out what should be sent and send it.
149  */
150 int
151 tcp_output(struct tcpcb *tp)
152 {
153 	struct inpcb * const inp = tp->t_inpcb;
154 	struct socket *so = inp->inp_socket;
155 	long len, recvwin, sendwin;
156 	int nsacked = 0;
157 	int off, flags, error;
158 	struct mbuf *m;
159 	struct ip *ip = NULL;
160 	struct ipovly *ipov = NULL;
161 	struct tcphdr *th;
162 	u_char opt[TCP_MAXOLEN];
163 	unsigned int ipoptlen, optlen, hdrlen;
164 	int idle;
165 	boolean_t sendalot;
166 	struct ip6_hdr *ip6 = NULL;
167 #ifdef INET6
168 	const boolean_t isipv6 = (inp->inp_vflag & INP_IPV6) != 0;
169 #else
170 	const boolean_t isipv6 = FALSE;
171 #endif
172 	struct rmxp_tao *taop;
173 
174 	/*
175 	 * Determine length of data that should be transmitted,
176 	 * and flags that will be used.
177 	 * If there is some data or critical controls (SYN, RST)
178 	 * to send, then transmit; otherwise, investigate further.
179 	 */
180 
181 	/*
182 	 * If we have been idle for a while, the send congestion window
183 	 * could be no longer representative of the current state of the link.
184 	 * So unless we are expecting more acks to come in, slow-start from
185 	 * scratch to re-determine the send congestion window.
186 	 */
187 	if (tp->snd_max == tp->snd_una &&
188 	    (ticks - tp->t_rcvtime) >= tp->t_rxtcur) {
189 		if (tcp_do_rfc3390) {
190 			int initial_cwnd =
191 			    min(4 * tp->t_maxseg, max(2 * tp->t_maxseg, 4380));
192 
193 			tp->snd_cwnd = min(tp->snd_cwnd, initial_cwnd);
194 		} else {
195 			tp->snd_cwnd = tp->t_maxseg;
196 		}
197 		tp->snd_wacked = 0;
198 	}
199 
200 	/*
201 	 * Calculate whether the transmit stream was previously idle
202 	 * and adjust TF_LASTIDLE for the next time.
203 	 */
204 	idle = (tp->t_flags & TF_LASTIDLE) || (tp->snd_max == tp->snd_una);
205 	if (idle && (tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME))
206 		tp->t_flags |= TF_LASTIDLE;
207 	else
208 		tp->t_flags &= ~TF_LASTIDLE;
209 
210 	if (TCP_DO_SACK(tp) && tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_max &&
211 	    !IN_FASTRECOVERY(tp))
212 		nsacked = tcp_sack_bytes_below(&tp->scb, tp->snd_nxt);
213 
214 again:
215 	/* Make use of SACK information when slow-starting after a RTO. */
216 	if (TCP_DO_SACK(tp) && tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_max &&
217 	    !IN_FASTRECOVERY(tp)) {
218 		tcp_seq old_snd_nxt = tp->snd_nxt;
219 
220 		tcp_sack_skip_sacked(&tp->scb, &tp->snd_nxt);
221 		nsacked += tp->snd_nxt - old_snd_nxt;
222 	}
223 
224 	sendalot = FALSE;
225 	off = tp->snd_nxt - tp->snd_una;
226 	sendwin = min(tp->snd_wnd, tp->snd_cwnd + nsacked);
227 	sendwin = min(sendwin, tp->snd_bwnd);
228 
229 	flags = tcp_outflags[tp->t_state];
230 	/*
231 	 * Get standard flags, and add SYN or FIN if requested by 'hidden'
232 	 * state flags.
233 	 */
234 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDFIN)
235 		flags |= TH_FIN;
236 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN)
237 		flags |= TH_SYN;
238 
239 	/*
240 	 * If in persist timeout with window of 0, send 1 byte.
241 	 * Otherwise, if window is small but nonzero
242 	 * and timer expired, we will send what we can
243 	 * and go to transmit state.
244 	 */
245 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCE) {
246 		if (sendwin == 0) {
247 			/*
248 			 * If we still have some data to send, then
249 			 * clear the FIN bit.  Usually this would
250 			 * happen below when it realizes that we
251 			 * aren't sending all the data.  However,
252 			 * if we have exactly 1 byte of unsent data,
253 			 * then it won't clear the FIN bit below,
254 			 * and if we are in persist state, we wind
255 			 * up sending the packet without recording
256 			 * that we sent the FIN bit.
257 			 *
258 			 * We can't just blindly clear the FIN bit,
259 			 * because if we don't have any more data
260 			 * to send then the probe will be the FIN
261 			 * itself.
262 			 */
263 			if (off < so->so_snd.sb_cc)
264 				flags &= ~TH_FIN;
265 			sendwin = 1;
266 		} else {
267 			callout_stop(tp->tt_persist);
268 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
269 		}
270 	}
271 
272 	/*
273 	 * If snd_nxt == snd_max and we have transmitted a FIN, the
274 	 * offset will be > 0 even if so_snd.sb_cc is 0, resulting in
275 	 * a negative length.  This can also occur when TCP opens up
276 	 * its congestion window while receiving additional duplicate
277 	 * acks after fast-retransmit because TCP will reset snd_nxt
278 	 * to snd_max after the fast-retransmit.
279 	 *
280 	 * In the normal retransmit-FIN-only case, however, snd_nxt will
281 	 * be set to snd_una, the offset will be 0, and the length may
282 	 * wind up 0.
283 	 */
284 	len = (long)ulmin(so->so_snd.sb_cc, sendwin) - off;
285 
286 	/*
287 	 * Lop off SYN bit if it has already been sent.  However, if this
288 	 * is SYN-SENT state and if segment contains data and if we don't
289 	 * know that foreign host supports TAO, suppress sending segment.
290 	 */
291 	if ((flags & TH_SYN) && SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_una)) {
292 		flags &= ~TH_SYN;
293 		off--, len++;
294 		if (len > 0 && tp->t_state == TCPS_SYN_SENT &&
295 		    ((taop = tcp_gettaocache(&inp->inp_inc)) == NULL ||
296 		     taop->tao_ccsent == 0))
297 			return 0;
298 	}
299 
300 	/*
301 	 * Be careful not to send data and/or FIN on SYN segments
302 	 * in cases when no CC option will be sent.
303 	 * This measure is needed to prevent interoperability problems
304 	 * with not fully conformant TCP implementations.
305 	 */
306 	if ((flags & TH_SYN) &&
307 	    ((tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT) || !(tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_CC) ||
308 	     ((flags & TH_ACK) && !(tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_CC)))) {
309 		len = 0;
310 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
311 	}
312 
313 	if (len < 0) {
314 		/*
315 		 * If FIN has been sent but not acked,
316 		 * but we haven't been called to retransmit,
317 		 * len will be < 0.  Otherwise, window shrank
318 		 * after we sent into it.  If window shrank to 0,
319 		 * cancel pending retransmit, pull snd_nxt back
320 		 * to (closed) window, and set the persist timer
321 		 * if it isn't already going.  If the window didn't
322 		 * close completely, just wait for an ACK.
323 		 */
324 		len = 0;
325 		if (sendwin == 0) {
326 			callout_stop(tp->tt_rexmt);
327 			tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
328 			tp->snd_nxt = tp->snd_una;
329 			if (!callout_active(tp->tt_persist))
330 				tcp_setpersist(tp);
331 		}
332 	}
333 
334 	/*
335 	 * len will be >= 0 after this point.  Truncate to the maximum
336 	 * segment length and ensure that FIN is removed if the length
337 	 * no longer contains the last data byte.
338 	 */
339 	if (len > tp->t_maxseg) {
340 		len = tp->t_maxseg;
341 		sendalot = TRUE;
342 	}
343 	if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt + len, tp->snd_una + so->so_snd.sb_cc))
344 		flags &= ~TH_FIN;
345 
346 	recvwin = sbspace(&so->so_rcv);
347 
348 	/*
349 	 * Sender silly window avoidance.   We transmit under the following
350 	 * conditions when len is non-zero:
351 	 *
352 	 *	- We have a full segment
353 	 *	- This is the last buffer in a write()/send() and we are
354 	 *	  either idle or running NODELAY
355 	 *	- we've timed out (e.g. persist timer)
356 	 *	- we have more then 1/2 the maximum send window's worth of
357 	 *	  data (receiver may be limiting the window size)
358 	 *	- we need to retransmit
359 	 */
360 	if (len) {
361 		if (len == tp->t_maxseg)
362 			goto send;
363 		/*
364 		 * NOTE! on localhost connections an 'ack' from the remote
365 		 * end may occur synchronously with the output and cause
366 		 * us to flush a buffer queued with moretocome.  XXX
367 		 *
368 		 * note: the len + off check is almost certainly unnecessary.
369 		 */
370 		if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_MORETOCOME) &&	/* normal case */
371 		    (idle || (tp->t_flags & TF_NODELAY)) &&
372 		    len + off >= so->so_snd.sb_cc &&
373 		    !(tp->t_flags & TF_NOPUSH)) {
374 			goto send;
375 		}
376 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_FORCE)		/* typ. timeout case */
377 			goto send;
378 		if (len >= tp->max_sndwnd / 2 && tp->max_sndwnd > 0)
379 			goto send;
380 		if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max))	/* retransmit case */
381 			goto send;
382 	}
383 
384 	/*
385 	 * Compare available window to amount of window
386 	 * known to peer (as advertised window less
387 	 * next expected input).  If the difference is at least two
388 	 * max size segments, or at least 50% of the maximum possible
389 	 * window, then want to send a window update to peer.
390 	 */
391 	if (recvwin > 0) {
392 		/*
393 		 * "adv" is the amount we can increase the window,
394 		 * taking into account that we are limited by
395 		 * TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale.
396 		 */
397 		long adv = min(recvwin, (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale) -
398 			(tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
399 
400 		/*
401 		 * This ack case typically occurs when the user has drained
402 		 * the TCP socket buffer sufficiently to warrent an ack
403 		 * containing a 'pure window update'... that is, an ack that
404 		 * ONLY updates the tcp window.
405 		 *
406 		 * It is unclear why we would need to do a pure window update
407 		 * past 2 segments if we are going to do one at 1/2 the high
408 		 * water mark anyway, especially since under normal conditions
409 		 * the user program will drain the socket buffer quickly.
410 		 * The 2-segment pure window update will often add a large
411 		 * number of extra, unnecessary acks to the stream.
412 		 *
413 		 * avoid_pure_win_update now defaults to 1.
414 		 */
415 		if (avoid_pure_win_update == 0) {
416 			if (adv >= (long) (2 * tp->t_maxseg))
417 				goto send;
418 		}
419 		if (2 * adv >= (long) so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat)
420 			goto send;
421 	}
422 
423 	/*
424 	 * Send if we owe the peer an ACK, RST, SYN, or urgent data.  ACKNOW
425 	 * is also a catch-all for the retransmit timer timeout case.
426 	 */
427 	if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
428 		goto send;
429 	if ((flags & TH_RST) ||
430 	    ((flags & TH_SYN) && !(tp->t_flags & TF_NEEDSYN)))
431 		goto send;
432 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
433 		goto send;
434 	/*
435 	 * If our state indicates that FIN should be sent
436 	 * and we have not yet done so, then we need to send.
437 	 */
438 	if (flags & TH_FIN &&
439 	    (!(tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN) || tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_una))
440 		goto send;
441 
442 	/*
443 	 * TCP window updates are not reliable, rather a polling protocol
444 	 * using ``persist'' packets is used to insure receipt of window
445 	 * updates.  The three ``states'' for the output side are:
446 	 *	idle			not doing retransmits or persists
447 	 *	persisting		to move a small or zero window
448 	 *	(re)transmitting	and thereby not persisting
449 	 *
450 	 * callout_active(tp->tt_persist)
451 	 *	is true when we are in persist state.
452 	 * The TF_FORCE flag in tp->t_flags
453 	 *	is set when we are called to send a persist packet.
454 	 * callout_active(tp->tt_rexmt)
455 	 *	is set when we are retransmitting
456 	 * The output side is idle when both timers are zero.
457 	 *
458 	 * If send window is too small, there is data to transmit, and no
459 	 * retransmit or persist is pending, then go to persist state.
460 	 * If nothing happens soon, send when timer expires:
461 	 * if window is nonzero, transmit what we can,
462 	 * otherwise force out a byte.
463 	 */
464 	if (so->so_snd.sb_cc > 0 &&
465 	    !callout_active(tp->tt_rexmt) && !callout_active(tp->tt_persist)) {
466 		tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
467 		tcp_setpersist(tp);
468 	}
469 
470 	/*
471 	 * No reason to send a segment, just return.
472 	 */
473 	return (0);
474 
475 send:
476 	/*
477 	 * Before ESTABLISHED, force sending of initial options
478 	 * unless TCP set not to do any options.
479 	 * NOTE: we assume that the IP/TCP header plus TCP options
480 	 * always fit in a single mbuf, leaving room for a maximum
481 	 * link header, i.e.
482 	 *	max_linkhdr + sizeof(struct tcpiphdr) + optlen <= MCLBYTES
483 	 */
484 	optlen = 0;
485 	if (isipv6)
486 		hdrlen = sizeof(struct ip6_hdr) + sizeof(struct tcphdr);
487 	else
488 		hdrlen = sizeof(struct tcpiphdr);
489 	if (flags & TH_SYN) {
490 		tp->snd_nxt = tp->iss;
491 		if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_NOOPT)) {
492 			u_short mss;
493 
494 			opt[0] = TCPOPT_MAXSEG;
495 			opt[1] = TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
496 			mss = htons((u_short) tcp_mssopt(tp));
497 			memcpy(opt + 2, &mss, sizeof mss);
498 			optlen = TCPOLEN_MAXSEG;
499 
500 			if ((tp->t_flags & TF_REQ_SCALE) &&
501 			    (!(flags & TH_ACK) ||
502 			     (tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_SCALE))) {
503 				*((u_int32_t *)(opt + optlen)) = htonl(
504 					TCPOPT_NOP << 24 |
505 					TCPOPT_WINDOW << 16 |
506 					TCPOLEN_WINDOW << 8 |
507 					tp->request_r_scale);
508 				optlen += 4;
509 			}
510 
511 			if ((tcp_do_sack && !(flags & TH_ACK)) ||
512 			    tp->t_flags & TF_SACK_PERMITTED) {
513 				uint32_t *lp = (uint32_t *)(opt + optlen);
514 
515 				*lp = htonl(TCPOPT_SACK_PERMITTED_ALIGNED);
516 				optlen += TCPOLEN_SACK_PERMITTED_ALIGNED;
517 			}
518 		}
519 	}
520 
521 	/*
522 	 * Send a timestamp and echo-reply if this is a SYN and our side
523 	 * wants to use timestamps (TF_REQ_TSTMP is set) or both our side
524 	 * and our peer have sent timestamps in our SYN's.
525 	 */
526 	if ((tp->t_flags & (TF_REQ_TSTMP | TF_NOOPT)) == TF_REQ_TSTMP &&
527 	    !(flags & TH_RST) &&
528 	    (!(flags & TH_ACK) || (tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_TSTMP))) {
529 		u_int32_t *lp = (u_int32_t *)(opt + optlen);
530 
531 		/* Form timestamp option as shown in appendix A of RFC 1323. */
532 		*lp++ = htonl(TCPOPT_TSTAMP_HDR);
533 		*lp++ = htonl(ticks);
534 		*lp   = htonl(tp->ts_recent);
535 		optlen += TCPOLEN_TSTAMP_APPA;
536 	}
537 
538 	/*
539 	 * Send `CC-family' options if our side wants to use them (TF_REQ_CC),
540 	 * options are allowed (!TF_NOOPT) and it's not a RST.
541 	 */
542 	if ((tp->t_flags & (TF_REQ_CC | TF_NOOPT)) == TF_REQ_CC &&
543 	     !(flags & TH_RST)) {
544 		switch (flags & (TH_SYN | TH_ACK)) {
545 		/*
546 		 * This is a normal ACK, send CC if we received CC before
547 		 * from our peer.
548 		 */
549 		case TH_ACK:
550 			if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_CC))
551 				break;
552 			/*FALLTHROUGH*/
553 
554 		/*
555 		 * We can only get here in T/TCP's SYN_SENT* state, when
556 		 * we're a sending a non-SYN segment without waiting for
557 		 * the ACK of our SYN.  A check above assures that we only
558 		 * do this if our peer understands T/TCP.
559 		 */
560 		case 0:
561 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
562 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
563 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_CC;
564 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOLEN_CC;
565 			*(u_int32_t *)&opt[optlen] = htonl(tp->cc_send);
566 			optlen += 4;
567 			break;
568 
569 		/*
570 		 * This is our initial SYN, check whether we have to use
571 		 * CC or CC.new.
572 		 */
573 		case TH_SYN:
574 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
575 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
576 			opt[optlen++] = tp->t_flags & TF_SENDCCNEW ?
577 						TCPOPT_CCNEW : TCPOPT_CC;
578 			opt[optlen++] = TCPOLEN_CC;
579 			*(u_int32_t *)&opt[optlen] = htonl(tp->cc_send);
580 			optlen += 4;
581 			break;
582 
583 		/*
584 		 * This is a SYN,ACK; send CC and CC.echo if we received
585 		 * CC from our peer.
586 		 */
587 		case (TH_SYN | TH_ACK):
588 			if (tp->t_flags & TF_RCVD_CC) {
589 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
590 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
591 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_CC;
592 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOLEN_CC;
593 				*(u_int32_t *)&opt[optlen] = htonl(tp->cc_send);
594 				optlen += 4;
595 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
596 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_NOP;
597 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOPT_CCECHO;
598 				opt[optlen++] = TCPOLEN_CC;
599 				*(u_int32_t *)&opt[optlen] = htonl(tp->cc_recv);
600 				optlen += 4;
601 			}
602 			break;
603 		}
604 	}
605 
606 	/*
607 	 * If this is a SACK connection and we have a block to report,
608 	 * fill in the SACK blocks in the TCP options.
609 	 */
610 	if ((tp->t_flags & (TF_SACK_PERMITTED | TF_NOOPT)) ==
611 		TF_SACK_PERMITTED &&
612 	    (!LIST_EMPTY(&tp->t_segq) ||
613 	     tp->reportblk.rblk_start != tp->reportblk.rblk_end))
614 		tcp_sack_fill_report(tp, opt, &optlen);
615 
616 	KASSERT(optlen <= TCP_MAXOLEN, ("too many TCP options"));
617 	hdrlen += optlen;
618 
619 	if (isipv6) {
620 		ipoptlen = ip6_optlen(inp);
621 	} else {
622 		if (inp->inp_options) {
623 			ipoptlen = inp->inp_options->m_len -
624 			    offsetof(struct ipoption, ipopt_list);
625 		} else {
626 			ipoptlen = 0;
627 		}
628 	}
629 #ifdef IPSEC
630 	ipoptlen += ipsec_hdrsiz_tcp(tp);
631 #endif
632 
633 	/*
634 	 * Adjust data length if insertion of options will bump the packet
635 	 * length beyond the t_maxopd length.  Clear FIN to prevent premature
636 	 * closure since there is still more data to send after this (now
637 	 * truncated) packet.
638 	 *
639 	 * If just the options do not fit we are in a no-win situation and
640 	 * we treat it as an unreachable host.
641 	 */
642 	if (len + optlen + ipoptlen > tp->t_maxopd) {
643 		if (tp->t_maxopd <= optlen + ipoptlen) {
644 			static time_t last_optlen_report;
645 
646 			if (last_optlen_report != time_second) {
647 				last_optlen_report = time_second;
648 				printf("tcpcb %p: MSS (%d) too small to hold options!\n", tp, tp->t_maxopd);
649 			}
650 			error = EHOSTUNREACH;
651 			goto out;
652 		} else {
653 			flags &= ~TH_FIN;
654 			len = tp->t_maxopd - optlen - ipoptlen;
655 			sendalot = TRUE;
656 		}
657 	}
658 
659 #ifdef INET6
660 	KASSERT(max_linkhdr + hdrlen <= MCLBYTES, ("tcphdr too big"));
661 #else
662 	KASSERT(max_linkhdr + hdrlen <= MHLEN, ("tcphdr too big"));
663 #endif
664 
665 	/*
666 	 * Grab a header mbuf, attaching a copy of data to
667 	 * be transmitted, and initialize the header from
668 	 * the template for sends on this connection.
669 	 */
670 	if (len) {
671 		if ((tp->t_flags & TF_FORCE) && len == 1)
672 			tcpstat.tcps_sndprobe++;
673 		else if (SEQ_LT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max)) {
674 			if (tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_una)
675 				tp->snd_max_rexmt = tp->snd_max;
676 			tcpstat.tcps_sndrexmitpack++;
677 			tcpstat.tcps_sndrexmitbyte += len;
678 		} else {
679 			tcpstat.tcps_sndpack++;
680 			tcpstat.tcps_sndbyte += len;
681 		}
682 #ifdef notyet
683 		if ((m = m_copypack(so->so_snd.sb_mb, off, (int)len,
684 		    max_linkhdr + hdrlen)) == NULL) {
685 			error = ENOBUFS;
686 			goto out;
687 		}
688 		/*
689 		 * m_copypack left space for our hdr; use it.
690 		 */
691 		m->m_len += hdrlen;
692 		m->m_data -= hdrlen;
693 #else
694 #ifndef INET6
695 		m = m_gethdr(MB_DONTWAIT, MT_HEADER);
696 #else
697 		m = m_getl(hdrlen + max_linkhdr, MB_DONTWAIT, MT_HEADER,
698 			   M_PKTHDR, NULL);
699 #endif
700 		if (m == NULL) {
701 			error = ENOBUFS;
702 			goto out;
703 		}
704 		m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
705 		m->m_len = hdrlen;
706 		if (len <= MHLEN - hdrlen - max_linkhdr) {
707 			m_copydata(so->so_snd.sb_mb, off, (int) len,
708 			    mtod(m, caddr_t) + hdrlen);
709 			m->m_len += len;
710 		} else {
711 			m->m_next = m_copy(so->so_snd.sb_mb, off, (int) len);
712 			if (m->m_next == NULL) {
713 				m_free(m);
714 				error = ENOBUFS;
715 				goto out;
716 			}
717 		}
718 #endif
719 		/*
720 		 * If we're sending everything we've got, set PUSH.
721 		 * (This will keep happy those implementations which only
722 		 * give data to the user when a buffer fills or
723 		 * a PUSH comes in.)
724 		 */
725 		if (off + len == so->so_snd.sb_cc)
726 			flags |= TH_PUSH;
727 	} else {
728 		if (tp->t_flags & TF_ACKNOW)
729 			tcpstat.tcps_sndacks++;
730 		else if (flags & (TH_SYN | TH_FIN | TH_RST))
731 			tcpstat.tcps_sndctrl++;
732 		else if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_una))
733 			tcpstat.tcps_sndurg++;
734 		else
735 			tcpstat.tcps_sndwinup++;
736 
737 		MGETHDR(m, MB_DONTWAIT, MT_HEADER);
738 		if (m == NULL) {
739 			error = ENOBUFS;
740 			goto out;
741 		}
742 		if (isipv6 &&
743 		    (hdrlen + max_linkhdr > MHLEN) && hdrlen <= MHLEN)
744 			MH_ALIGN(m, hdrlen);
745 		else
746 			m->m_data += max_linkhdr;
747 		m->m_len = hdrlen;
748 	}
749 	m->m_pkthdr.rcvif = (struct ifnet *)0;
750 	if (isipv6) {
751 		ip6 = mtod(m, struct ip6_hdr *);
752 		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip6 + 1);
753 		tcp_fillheaders(tp, ip6, th);
754 	} else {
755 		ip = mtod(m, struct ip *);
756 		ipov = (struct ipovly *)ip;
757 		th = (struct tcphdr *)(ip + 1);
758 		/* this picks up the pseudo header (w/o the length) */
759 		tcp_fillheaders(tp, ip, th);
760 	}
761 
762 	/*
763 	 * Fill in fields, remembering maximum advertised
764 	 * window for use in delaying messages about window sizes.
765 	 * If resending a FIN, be sure not to use a new sequence number.
766 	 */
767 	if (flags & TH_FIN && tp->t_flags & TF_SENTFIN &&
768 	    tp->snd_nxt == tp->snd_max)
769 		tp->snd_nxt--;
770 	/*
771 	 * If we are doing retransmissions, then snd_nxt will
772 	 * not reflect the first unsent octet.  For ACK only
773 	 * packets, we do not want the sequence number of the
774 	 * retransmitted packet, we want the sequence number
775 	 * of the next unsent octet.  So, if there is no data
776 	 * (and no SYN or FIN), use snd_max instead of snd_nxt
777 	 * when filling in ti_seq.  But if we are in persist
778 	 * state, snd_max might reflect one byte beyond the
779 	 * right edge of the window, so use snd_nxt in that
780 	 * case, since we know we aren't doing a retransmission.
781 	 * (retransmit and persist are mutually exclusive...)
782 	 */
783 	if (len || (flags & (TH_SYN|TH_FIN)) || callout_active(tp->tt_persist))
784 		th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_nxt);
785 	else
786 		th->th_seq = htonl(tp->snd_max);
787 	th->th_ack = htonl(tp->rcv_nxt);
788 	if (optlen) {
789 		bcopy(opt, th + 1, optlen);
790 		th->th_off = (sizeof(struct tcphdr) + optlen) >> 2;
791 	}
792 	th->th_flags = flags;
793 	/*
794 	 * Calculate receive window.  Don't shrink window,
795 	 * but avoid silly window syndrome.
796 	 */
797 	if (recvwin < (long)(so->so_rcv.sb_hiwat / 4) &&
798 	    recvwin < (long)tp->t_maxseg)
799 		recvwin = 0;
800 	if (recvwin < (long)(tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt))
801 		recvwin = (long)(tp->rcv_adv - tp->rcv_nxt);
802 	if (recvwin > (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale)
803 		recvwin = (long)TCP_MAXWIN << tp->rcv_scale;
804 	th->th_win = htons((u_short) (recvwin>>tp->rcv_scale));
805 
806 	/*
807 	 * Adjust the RXWIN0SENT flag - indicate that we have advertised
808 	 * a 0 window.  This may cause the remote transmitter to stall.  This
809 	 * flag tells soreceive() to disable delayed acknowledgements when
810 	 * draining the buffer.  This can occur if the receiver is attempting
811 	 * to read more data then can be buffered prior to transmitting on
812 	 * the connection.
813 	 */
814 	if (recvwin == 0)
815 		tp->t_flags |= TF_RXWIN0SENT;
816 	else
817 		tp->t_flags &= ~TF_RXWIN0SENT;
818 
819 	if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_up, tp->snd_nxt)) {
820 		th->th_urp = htons((u_short)(tp->snd_up - tp->snd_nxt));
821 		th->th_flags |= TH_URG;
822 	} else {
823 		/*
824 		 * If no urgent pointer to send, then we pull
825 		 * the urgent pointer to the left edge of the send window
826 		 * so that it doesn't drift into the send window on sequence
827 		 * number wraparound.
828 		 */
829 		tp->snd_up = tp->snd_una;		/* drag it along */
830 	}
831 
832 	/*
833 	 * Put TCP length in extended header, and then
834 	 * checksum extended header and data.
835 	 */
836 	m->m_pkthdr.len = hdrlen + len; /* in6_cksum() need this */
837 	if (isipv6) {
838 		/*
839 		 * ip6_plen is not need to be filled now, and will be filled
840 		 * in ip6_output().
841 		 */
842 		th->th_sum = in6_cksum(m, IPPROTO_TCP, sizeof(struct ip6_hdr),
843 				       sizeof(struct tcphdr) + optlen + len);
844 	} else {
845 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_flags = CSUM_TCP;
846 		m->m_pkthdr.csum_data = offsetof(struct tcphdr, th_sum);
847 		if (len + optlen)
848 			th->th_sum = in_addword(th->th_sum,
849 						htons((u_short)(optlen + len)));
850 
851 		/* IP version must be set here for ipv4/ipv6 checking later */
852 		KASSERT(ip->ip_v == IPVERSION,
853 		    ("%s: IP version incorrect: %d", __func__, ip->ip_v));
854 	}
855 
856 	/*
857 	 * In transmit state, time the transmission and arrange for
858 	 * the retransmit.  In persist state, just set snd_max.
859 	 */
860 	if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_FORCE) || !callout_active(tp->tt_persist)) {
861 		tcp_seq startseq = tp->snd_nxt;
862 
863 		/*
864 		 * Advance snd_nxt over sequence space of this segment.
865 		 */
866 		if (flags & (TH_SYN | TH_FIN)) {
867 			if (flags & TH_SYN)
868 				tp->snd_nxt++;
869 			if (flags & TH_FIN) {
870 				tp->snd_nxt++;
871 				tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
872 			}
873 		}
874 		tp->snd_nxt += len;
875 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt, tp->snd_max)) {
876 			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt;
877 			/*
878 			 * Time this transmission if not a retransmission and
879 			 * not currently timing anything.
880 			 */
881 			if (tp->t_rtttime == 0) {
882 				tp->t_rtttime = ticks;
883 				tp->t_rtseq = startseq;
884 				tcpstat.tcps_segstimed++;
885 			}
886 		}
887 
888 		/*
889 		 * Set retransmit timer if not currently set,
890 		 * and not doing a pure ack or a keep-alive probe.
891 		 * Initial value for retransmit timer is smoothed
892 		 * round-trip time + 2 * round-trip time variance.
893 		 * Initialize shift counter which is used for backoff
894 		 * of retransmit time.
895 		 */
896 		if (!callout_active(tp->tt_rexmt) &&
897 		    tp->snd_nxt != tp->snd_una) {
898 			if (callout_active(tp->tt_persist)) {
899 				callout_stop(tp->tt_persist);
900 				tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
901 			}
902 			callout_reset(tp->tt_rexmt, tp->t_rxtcur,
903 				      tcp_timer_rexmt, tp);
904 		}
905 	} else {
906 		/*
907 		 * Persist case, update snd_max but since we are in
908 		 * persist mode (no window) we do not update snd_nxt.
909 		 */
910 		int xlen = len;
911 		if (flags & TH_SYN)
912 			++xlen;
913 		if (flags & TH_FIN) {
914 			++xlen;
915 			tp->t_flags |= TF_SENTFIN;
916 		}
917 		if (SEQ_GT(tp->snd_nxt + xlen, tp->snd_max))
918 			tp->snd_max = tp->snd_nxt + xlen;
919 	}
920 
921 #ifdef TCPDEBUG
922 	/*
923 	 * Trace.
924 	 */
925 	if (so->so_options & SO_DEBUG)
926 		tcp_trace(TA_OUTPUT, tp->t_state, tp, mtod(m, void *), th, 0);
927 #endif
928 
929 	/*
930 	 * Fill in IP length and desired time to live and
931 	 * send to IP level.  There should be a better way
932 	 * to handle ttl and tos; we could keep them in
933 	 * the template, but need a way to checksum without them.
934 	 */
935 	/*
936 	 * m->m_pkthdr.len should have been set before cksum calcuration,
937 	 * because in6_cksum() need it.
938 	 */
939 	if (isipv6) {
940 		/*
941 		 * we separately set hoplimit for every segment, since the
942 		 * user might want to change the value via setsockopt.
943 		 * Also, desired default hop limit might be changed via
944 		 * Neighbor Discovery.
945 		 */
946 		ip6->ip6_hlim = in6_selecthlim(inp,
947 		    (inp->in6p_route.ro_rt ?
948 		     inp->in6p_route.ro_rt->rt_ifp : NULL));
949 
950 		/* TODO: IPv6 IP6TOS_ECT bit on */
951 		error = ip6_output(m, inp->in6p_outputopts, &inp->in6p_route,
952 				   (so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE), NULL, NULL,
953 				   inp);
954 	} else {
955 		struct rtentry *rt;
956 		ip->ip_len = m->m_pkthdr.len;
957 #ifdef INET6
958 		if (INP_CHECK_SOCKAF(so, AF_INET6))
959 			ip->ip_ttl = in6_selecthlim(inp,
960 			    (inp->in6p_route.ro_rt ?
961 			     inp->in6p_route.ro_rt->rt_ifp : NULL));
962 		else
963 #endif
964 			ip->ip_ttl = inp->inp_ip_ttl;	/* XXX */
965 
966 		ip->ip_tos = inp->inp_ip_tos;	/* XXX */
967 		/*
968 		 * See if we should do MTU discovery.
969 		 * We do it only if the following are true:
970 		 *	1) we have a valid route to the destination
971 		 *	2) the MTU is not locked (if it is,
972 		 *	   then discovery has been disabled)
973 		 */
974 		if (path_mtu_discovery &&
975 		    (rt = inp->inp_route.ro_rt) && (rt->rt_flags & RTF_UP) &&
976 		    !(rt->rt_rmx.rmx_locks & RTV_MTU))
977 			ip->ip_off |= IP_DF;
978 
979 		error = ip_output(m, inp->inp_options, &inp->inp_route,
980 				  (so->so_options & SO_DONTROUTE), NULL, inp);
981 	}
982 	if (error) {
983 
984 		/*
985 		 * We know that the packet was lost, so back out the
986 		 * sequence number advance, if any.
987 		 */
988 		if (!(tp->t_flags & TF_FORCE) ||
989 		    !callout_active(tp->tt_persist)) {
990 			/*
991 			 * No need to check for TH_FIN here because
992 			 * the TF_SENTFIN flag handles that case.
993 			 */
994 			if (!(flags & TH_SYN))
995 				tp->snd_nxt -= len;
996 		}
997 
998 out:
999 		if (error == ENOBUFS) {
1000 			/*
1001 			 * If we can't send, make sure there is something
1002 			 * to get us going again later.  Persist state
1003 			 * is not necessarily right, but it is close enough.
1004 			 */
1005 			if (!callout_active(tp->tt_rexmt) &&
1006 			    !callout_active(tp->tt_persist)) {
1007 				tp->t_rxtshift = 0;
1008 				tcp_setpersist(tp);
1009 			}
1010 			tcp_quench(inp, 0);
1011 			return (0);
1012 		}
1013 		if (error == EMSGSIZE) {
1014 			/*
1015 			 * ip_output() will have already fixed the route
1016 			 * for us.  tcp_mtudisc() will, as its last action,
1017 			 * initiate retransmission, so it is important to
1018 			 * not do so here.
1019 			 */
1020 			tcp_mtudisc(inp, 0);
1021 			return 0;
1022 		}
1023 		if ((error == EHOSTUNREACH || error == ENETDOWN) &&
1024 		    TCPS_HAVERCVDSYN(tp->t_state)) {
1025 			tp->t_softerror = error;
1026 			return (0);
1027 		}
1028 		return (error);
1029 	}
1030 	tcpstat.tcps_sndtotal++;
1031 
1032 	/*
1033 	 * Data sent (as far as we can tell).
1034 	 * If this advertises a larger window than any other segment,
1035 	 * then remember the size of the advertised window.
1036 	 * Any pending ACK has now been sent.
1037 	 */
1038 	if (recvwin > 0 && SEQ_GT(tp->rcv_nxt + recvwin, tp->rcv_adv))
1039 		tp->rcv_adv = tp->rcv_nxt + recvwin;
1040 	tp->last_ack_sent = tp->rcv_nxt;
1041 	tp->t_flags &= ~TF_ACKNOW;
1042 	if (tcp_delack_enabled)
1043 		callout_stop(tp->tt_delack);
1044 	if (sendalot)
1045 		goto again;
1046 	return (0);
1047 }
1048 
1049 void
1050 tcp_setpersist(struct tcpcb *tp)
1051 {
1052 	int t = ((tp->t_srtt >> 2) + tp->t_rttvar) >> 1;
1053 	int tt;
1054 
1055 	if (callout_active(tp->tt_rexmt))
1056 		panic("tcp_setpersist: retransmit pending");
1057 	/*
1058 	 * Start/restart persistance timer.
1059 	 */
1060 	TCPT_RANGESET(tt, t * tcp_backoff[tp->t_rxtshift], TCPTV_PERSMIN,
1061 		      TCPTV_PERSMAX);
1062 	callout_reset(tp->tt_persist, tt, tcp_timer_persist, tp);
1063 	if (tp->t_rxtshift < TCP_MAXRXTSHIFT)
1064 		tp->t_rxtshift++;
1065 }
1066