1 /*- 2 * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1993 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * (c) UNIX System Laboratories, Inc. 5 * All or some portions of this file are derived from material licensed 6 * to the University of California by American Telephone and Telegraph 7 * Co. or Unix System Laboratories, Inc. and are reproduced herein with 8 * the permission of UNIX System Laboratories, Inc. 9 * 10 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 11 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 12 * are met: 13 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 14 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 15 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 16 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 17 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 18 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 19 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 20 * without specific prior written permission. 21 * 22 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 23 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 24 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 25 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 26 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 27 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 28 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 29 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 30 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 31 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 32 * SUCH DAMAGE. 33 * 34 * @(#)param.h 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/4/95 35 * $FreeBSD: src/sys/sys/param.h,v 1.61.2.38 2003/05/22 17:12:01 fjoe Exp $ 36 */ 37 38 #ifndef _SYS_PARAM_H_ 39 #define _SYS_PARAM_H_ 40 41 /* 42 * Historic BSD #defines -- probably will remain untouched for all time. 43 */ 44 #define BSD 199506 /* System version (year & month). */ 45 #define BSD4_3 1 46 #define BSD4_4 1 47 48 /* 49 * __DragonFly_version number. The number doesn't really meaningfully 50 * translate to a version number. 51 * 52 * 170000 - base development version after 1.6 branch 53 * 170001 - base development version before 1.8 branch 54 * 190000 - base development version after 1.8 branch 55 * 195000 - base development version after 1.10 branch 56 * 197500 - base development version before 1.12 branch 57 * 197600 - 1.12 branch 58 * 197700 - base development version after 1.12 branch 59 * 199900 - base development version before 2.0 branch 60 * 200000 - 2.0 branch 61 * 200100 - base development version after 2.0 branch 62 * 200101 - lchflags syscall 63 * 200200 - 2.2 branch 64 * 200201 - base development version after 2.2 branch 65 * 200202 - major changes to libc 66 * 200203 - introduce PCI domain 67 * 200204 - suser() & suser_cred() removal 68 * 200205 - devfs import 69 * 200206 - *sleep() renames 70 * 200400 - 2.4 release 71 * 200500 - 2.5 master 72 * 200600 - 2.6 release 73 * 200700 - 2.7 master 74 * 200800 - 2.8 release October 2010 75 * 200900 - 2.9 master 76 * 200901 - prototype changes for alphasort(3) and scandir(3) 77 * 200902 - Xerox NS protocol removal 78 * 201000 - 2.10 release 79 * 201100 - 2.11 master 80 * 201200 - 2.12 release 81 * 201300 - 2.13 master 82 * 201301 - header rename: <vfs/gnu/ext2fs/...> -> <gnu/vfs/ext2fs/...> 83 * 201302 - header <crypt.h> is gone 84 * 201303 - <netatalk/...> and <netproto/atalk/...> are gone 85 * 201304 - Added wcscasecmp, wcsncasecmp to libc 86 * 201305 - Sync libm with NetBSD-current libm (new functions added) 87 * 201306 - Sync libm with FreeBSD-current libm (~50 new functions) 88 * 300000 - 3.0 release 89 * 300100 - 3.1 master 90 * 300101 - i4b (ISDN) removal 91 * 300102 - <sys/ata.h> is now just a link of <sys/nata.h> 92 * 300103 - if SIG_IGN is set on SIGCHLD, do not keep zombie children 93 * 300200 - 3.2 release 94 * 300300 - 3.3 master 95 * 300301 - Add eaccess syscall 96 * 300302 - fpsave changes - ucontext_t, mcontext_t, sigcontext, sigframe 97 * 300303 - Demarcation of old m4/flex with new m4/flex 98 * 300304 - Update to dialog-1.2-20121230 99 * 300400 - 3.4 release 100 * 300500 - 3.5 master 101 * 300501 - Convert libm to FreeBSD's version 102 * 300502 - GEM and i915 KMS support in kernel 103 * 300503 - Upgrade libiconv, locales, and associated libc functions 104 * 300600 - 3.6 release 105 * 300700 - 3.7 master 106 * 300701 - Relocate bus/smbus/smb.h to dev/smbus/smb/smb.h 107 * 300702 - drm/i915 update 108 * 300703 - Make usb4bsd default 109 * 300704 - Removal of IPX, NCP and NWFS support 110 * 300705 - Removal of ATM support. 111 * 300800 - 3.8 release 112 * 300900 - 3.9 master 113 * 300901 - drm/i915 hardware context support added 114 * 400000 - 4.0 release 115 * 400100 - 4.1 development 116 * 400101 - Removal of SCTP support. 117 * 400102 - Sound system update from FreeBSD 118 * 400103 - Milestone - availability of gcc50 in base 119 * 400104 - struct lwp_params (a public struct) members renaming 120 * 400105 - Switch to gcc50 as the primary compiler 121 * 400106 - Added pipe2() system call 122 * 400107 - Add futimens() and utimensat() syscalls 123 * 400200 - 4.2 release 124 * 400300 - 4.3 development 125 * 400301 - posix compliant iconv (no const qualifier) 126 * 400302 - Replacement of libm with OpenBSD's libm 127 * 400303 - environ and __progname are no longer linkable symbols 128 * 400304 - Activate symbol versioning for libc.so (still on version 8) 129 * 400305 - Add accept4() system call 130 * 400306 - Add libexecinfo to base 131 * 400307 - drm/i915 kernel module renamed to i915.ko 132 * 400308 - <malloc.h> removal 133 * 400309 - Add lwp_setname() system call 134 * 400400 - 4.4 release 135 * 400500 - 4.5 development 136 * 400501 - unionfs removal 137 * 400502 - private libraries: ssh ldns edit ncurses 138 * 400503 - libarchive-3.0.2 import (add bsdcat) 139 * 400600 - 4.6 release 140 * 400700 - 4.7 development 141 * 400701 - getline() visibility changes 142 * 400702 - private library: libressl 143 * 400703 - resolved conflicts of md, crypt and ressl libraries 144 * 400704 - binutils update to 2.27 145 * 400705 - lwp_{set,get}affinity() 146 * 400706 - sched_{set,get}affinity() 147 * 400707 - pthread_{set,get}affinity_np() 148 * 400708 - lwp_create2() 149 * 400709 - pthread_attr_{set,get}affinity_np() 150 * 400710 - sched_getcpu(); 151 * 400711 - move lwp syscalls to sys/lwp.h 152 * 400712 - restore lwp syscalls (except lwp_create*) declaration 153 * 400713 - add sysctl kern.cp_times 154 * 400800 - 4.8 release 155 * 400900 - 4.9 development 156 * 400901 - moved sigtramp, NX protection, sigtramp sysctl 157 * 400902 - change CPU_SETSIZE to signed; allow proc to change self affinity 158 * 400903 - malloc_type cleanup 159 * 400904 - pad rtstatistics 160 * 400905 - PTHREAD_STACK_MIN increase: 1024 => 16384 161 * 400906 - lwpid_t >=1, instead of >=0 162 * 400907 - pthread_getthreadid_np() 163 * 400908 - {clock,pthread}_getcpuclockid() 164 * 400909 - deleted ortentry, SIOC{ADD,DEL}RT, RTM_OLD{ADD,DEL} 165 * 400910 - routing table is only available on netisr_ncpus 166 * 500000 - 5.0 release 167 * 500100 - 5.1 development 168 * 500101 - kernel ppp removal 169 * 500102 - <sys/sysref{,2}.h> inclusions removed from some public headers 170 * 500103 - faith removal 171 * 500104 - cfmakesane() 172 * 500105 - _SC_LEVEL1_DCACHE_LINESIZE sysconf() 173 * 500106 - %b and %r formats removal 174 * 500107 - <machine/apm_bios.h> removal 175 * 500200 - 5.2 release 176 * 500300 - 5.3 development 177 * 500301 - rename some public UFS constants 178 * 500302 - move IOCTLTRIM to a better header and rename it to DAIOCTRIM 179 * 500303 - get rid of sgtty (superseded by termios) 180 * 500304 - remove IPSEC/FAST_IPSEC 181 * 500305 - remove <sys/ioctl_compat.h> for good 182 * 500306 - strsuftoll(), strsuftollx() 183 * 500307 - tcsetsid() 184 * 500308 - xdr_uint16_t() 185 * 500309 - drop support for some ancient ioctls (OSIOCGIF*) 186 * 500310 - remove more unimplemented ioctls 187 * 500311 - add VIS_ALL to vis(3) 188 * 500312 - OpenPAM Resedacea upgrade 189 * 500313 - remove vmnet support from tap(4) (VMIO_* ioctls) 190 * 500314 - add TAPGIFNAME to tap(4) 191 * 500315 - add TUNGIFNAME to tun(4) 192 * 500316 - add SIOC[ADG]IFGROUP, SIOCGIFGMEMB ioctl 193 * 500317 - add wait6() and waitid() syscalls 194 * 500400 - 5.4 release 195 * 500500 - 5.5 development 196 * 500501 - reallocarray() added to libc 197 * 500502 - puffs etc. removed 198 * 500503 - Lowered DATA rlimit supported by mmap(), libc sbrk() emulation 199 * had to be rewritten. libc brk() removed entirely. These changes 200 * are required to allow mmap hints to utilize lowered data rlimits. 201 * 500504 - removed <sys/semaphore.h>, only <semaphore.h> remains 202 * 500505 - rename <sys/termios.h> to <termios.h> 203 * 500506 - LibreSSL, OpenSSH, XZ, libarchive update, libopie/libmd deprecation 204 * 500600 - 5.6 release 205 * 500700 - 5.7 development 206 * 500701 - libopie/libmd removal 207 * 500702 - TCP_KEEP* milliseconds -> seconds 208 * 500703 - Static TLS bindings support for late-loaded shared libraries 209 * 500704 - Announce IP6 address flag changes via route(4) 210 * 500705 - Move us to utmpx only, delete utmp 211 * 500706 - Switch to the now common three argument versions of the 212 * timespecadd() and timespecsub() macros in <sys/time.h> 213 * 500707 - libradius/libtacplus removal 214 * 500708 - Handle SIOCSIFMTU directly in tap(4) to support MTU > 1500 215 * 500709 - Implement lwp_getname() and signal safety 216 * 500710 - Implement getrandom() and __realpath() system calls 217 * 500800 - 5.8 release 218 * 500900 - 5.9 development 219 * 500901 - fparseln() was moved from libutil to libc 220 * 500902 - unlocked flavors of fflush(), fputc(), fputs(), fread(), fwrite() 221 * 500903 - add SIOCGIFXMEDIA ioctl 222 * 500904 - add IPPROTO_IP/IP_RECVTOS. 223 * 500905 - add IPPROTO_IP/IP_SENDSRCADDR and IP_TOS control message. 224 * 500906 - add struct ip_mreqn for IPPROTO_IP/IP_MULTICAST_IF, 225 * IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP and IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP. 226 * 500907 - add clock_nanosleep() 227 * 500908 - add fexecve() (also byteswap.h exists as of this vers) 228 * 500909 - add AF_ARP 229 * 600000 - 6.0 release 230 * 600100 - 6.1 development 231 * 600101 - kernel_{map,pmap,object} and {buffer,clean,pager}_map globals 232 * become pointers 233 * 600102 - add nvmm(4) and libnvmm(3) 234 * 600103 - remove the old vmm code 235 * 600104 - add posix_fallocate() 236 * 600105 - add fdatasync() 237 * 600106 - msdosfs support in makefs(8) 238 * 600107 - remove sys/gnu/vfs/ext2fs 239 * 600200 - 6.2 release 240 * 600300 - 6.3 development 241 * 600301 - add strerror_l() 242 * 600302 - change sysctl KERN_PROC behavior 243 * 600400 - 6.4 release 244 * 600500 - 6.5 development 245 */ 246 #undef __DragonFly_version 247 #define __DragonFly_version 600500 /* propagated to newvers */ 248 249 #include <sys/_null.h> 250 251 #ifndef LOCORE 252 #include <sys/types.h> 253 #endif 254 255 /* 256 * Machine-independent constants (some used in following include files). 257 * Redefined constants are from POSIX 1003.1 limits file. 258 * 259 * MAXCOMLEN should be >= sizeof(ac_comm) (see <acct.h>) 260 */ 261 #include <sys/syslimits.h> 262 263 #define MAXCOMLEN 16 /* max command name remembered */ 264 #define MAXINTERP 32 /* max interpreter file name length */ 265 #define MAXLOGNAME 33 /* max login name length (incl. NUL) */ 266 #define MAXUPRC CHILD_MAX /* max simultaneous processes */ 267 #define NCARGS ARG_MAX /* max bytes for an exec function */ 268 #define NGROUPS NGROUPS_MAX /* max number groups */ 269 #define NOFILE OPEN_MAX /* max open files per process */ 270 #define NOGROUP 65535 /* marker for empty group set member */ 271 #define MAXHOSTNAMELEN 256 /* max hostname size */ 272 #define SPECNAMELEN 63 /* max length of devicename */ 273 274 /* More types and definitions used throughout the kernel. */ 275 #ifdef _KERNEL 276 #include <sys/cdefs.h> 277 #include <sys/errno.h> 278 #include <sys/time.h> 279 280 #define FALSE 0 281 #define TRUE 1 282 #endif 283 284 #ifndef _KERNEL 285 /* Signals. */ 286 #include <sys/select.h> 287 #include <sys/signal.h> 288 #endif 289 290 /* Machine type dependent parameters. */ 291 #include <machine/alignbytes.h> 292 #include <machine/param.h> 293 #ifndef _KERNEL 294 #include <machine/limits.h> 295 #endif 296 297 /* 298 * WARNING! Max supported cpu's due to PWAKEUP_CPUMASK is 16384. 299 */ 300 #define PCATCH 0x00000100 /* tsleep checks signals */ 301 #define PUSRFLAG1 0x00000200 /* Subsystem specific flag */ 302 #define PINTERLOCKED 0x00000400 /* Interlocked tsleep */ 303 #define PWAKEUP_CPUMASK 0x00003FFF /* start cpu for chained wakeups */ 304 #define PWAKEUP_MYCPU 0x00004000 /* wakeup on current cpu only */ 305 #define PWAKEUP_ONE 0x00008000 /* argument to wakeup: only one */ 306 #define PDOMAIN_MASK 0xFFFF0000 /* address domains for wakeup */ 307 #define PDOMAIN_UMTX 0x00010000 /* independant domain for UMTX */ 308 #define PDOMAIN_XLOCK 0x00020000 /* independant domain for fifo_lock */ 309 #define PWAKEUP_ENCODE(domain, cpu) ((domain) | (cpu)) 310 #define PWAKEUP_DECODE(domain) ((domain) & PWAKEUP_CPUMASK) 311 312 #define NZERO 0 /* default "nice" */ 313 314 #define NBBY 8 /* number of bits in a byte */ 315 #define NBPW sizeof(int) /* number of bytes per word (integer) */ 316 317 #define CMASK 022 /* default file mask: S_IWGRP|S_IWOTH */ 318 #if defined(_KERNEL) || defined(_KERNEL_STRUCTURES) 319 #define NOUDEV (dev_t)(-1) /* non-existent device */ 320 #define NOMAJ 256 /* non-existent device */ 321 #endif 322 323 #ifndef _KERNEL 324 #define NODEV (dev_t)(-1) /* non-existent device */ 325 #endif 326 327 /* 328 * cpu_mi_feature bits 329 */ 330 #define CPU_MI_BZERONT 0x00000001 331 #define CPU_MI_MONITOR 0x00000010 332 333 /* 334 * File system parameters and macros. 335 * 336 * MAXBSIZE - Filesystems are made out of blocks of at most MAXBSIZE bytes 337 * per block. MAXBSIZE may be made larger without effecting 338 * any existing filesystems as long as it does not exceed MAXPHYS, 339 * and may be made smaller at the risk of not being able to use 340 * filesystems which require a block size exceeding MAXBSIZE. 341 * 342 * NBUFCALCSIZE - Calculate sufficient buffer cache buffers for the memory 343 * desired as if each buffer were sized to this value (actual 344 * real memory use). Hysteresis works both ways. 345 */ 346 #define MAXBSIZE 65536 /* must be power of 2 */ 347 #define NBUFCALCSIZE 16384 /* for nbuf calculation only */ 348 349 #define MAXFRAG 8 350 351 /* 352 * MAXPATHLEN defines the longest permissible path length after expanding 353 * symbolic links. It is used to allocate a temporary buffer from the buffer 354 * pool in which to do the name expansion, hence should be a power of two, 355 * and must be less than or equal to MAXBSIZE. MAXSYMLINKS defines the 356 * maximum number of symbolic links that may be expanded in a path name. 357 * It should be set high enough to allow all legitimate uses, but halt 358 * infinite loops reasonably quickly. 359 */ 360 #define MAXPATHLEN PATH_MAX 361 #define MAXSYMLINKS 32 362 363 /* Bit map related macros. */ 364 #define setbit(a,i) ((a)[(i)/NBBY] |= 1<<((i)%NBBY)) 365 #define clrbit(a,i) ((a)[(i)/NBBY] &= ~(1<<((i)%NBBY))) 366 #define isset(a,i) ((a)[(i)/NBBY] & (1<<((i)%NBBY))) 367 #define isclr(a,i) (((a)[(i)/NBBY] & (1<<((i)%NBBY))) == 0) 368 369 /* Macros for counting and rounding. */ 370 #ifndef howmany 371 #define howmany(x, y) (((x)+((y)-1))/(y)) 372 #endif 373 #define nitems(x) NELEM(x) 374 #define rounddown(x, y) (((x)/(y))*(y)) 375 #define rounddown2(x, y) ((x) & ~((y) - 1)) /* y power of two */ 376 #define roundup(x, y) ((((x)+((y)-1))/(y))*(y)) /* to any y */ 377 #define roundup2(x, y) (((x)+((y)-1))&(~((y)-1))) /* if y is powers of two */ 378 #define powerof2(x) ((((x)-1)&(x))==0) 379 380 /* 381 * VM objects can be larger than the virtual address space, make sure 382 * we don't cut-off the mask. 383 */ 384 #define trunc_page64(x) ((x) & ~(int64_t)PAGE_MASK) 385 #define round_page64(x) (((x) + PAGE_MASK) & ~(int64_t)PAGE_MASK) 386 387 /* 388 * Round p (pointer or byte index) up to a correctly-aligned value 389 * for all data types (int, long, ...). The result is unsigned int 390 * and must be cast to any desired pointer type. Single underscore 391 * versions are for FreeBSD/OpenBSD compat. 392 */ 393 #define _ALIGNBYTES __ALIGNBYTES 394 #define _ALIGN(p) __ALIGNPTR(p) 395 #ifndef ALIGNBYTES 396 #define ALIGNBYTES __ALIGNBYTES 397 #endif 398 #ifndef ALIGN 399 #define ALIGN(p) __ALIGNPTR(p) 400 #endif 401 402 /* Macros for min/max. */ 403 #define MIN(a,b) (((a)<(b))?(a):(b)) 404 #define MAX(a,b) (((a)>(b))?(a):(b)) 405 406 /* Macro for array size */ 407 #define NELEM(ary) (sizeof(ary) / sizeof((ary)[0])) 408 409 /* 410 * Constants for setting the parameters of the kernel memory allocator. 411 * 412 * 2 ** MINBUCKET is the smallest unit of memory that will be 413 * allocated. It must be at least large enough to hold a pointer. 414 * 415 * Units of memory less or equal to MAXALLOCSAVE will permanently 416 * allocate physical memory; requests for these size pieces of 417 * memory are quite fast. Allocations greater than MAXALLOCSAVE must 418 * always allocate and free physical memory; requests for these 419 * size allocations should be done infrequently as they will be slow. 420 * 421 * Constraints: PAGE_SIZE <= MAXALLOCSAVE <= 2 ** (MINBUCKET + 14), and 422 * MAXALLOCSIZE must be a power of two. 423 */ 424 #define MINBUCKET 4 /* 4 => min allocation of 16 bytes */ 425 #define MAXALLOCSAVE (2 * PAGE_SIZE) 426 427 /* 428 * Scale factor for scaled integers used to count %cpu time and load avgs. 429 * 430 * The number of CPU `tick's that map to a unique `%age' can be expressed 431 * by the formula (1 / (2 ^ (FSHIFT - 11))). The maximum load average that 432 * can be calculated (assuming 32 bits) can be closely approximated using 433 * the formula (2 ^ (2 * (16 - FSHIFT))) for (FSHIFT < 15). 434 * 435 * For the scheduler to maintain a 1:1 mapping of CPU `tick' to `%age', 436 * FSHIFT must be at least 11; this gives us a maximum load avg of ~1024. 437 */ 438 #define FSHIFT 11 /* bits to right of fixed binary point */ 439 #define FSCALE (1<<FSHIFT) 440 441 #define dbtoc(db) /* calculates devblks to pages */ \ 442 ((db + (ctodb(1) - 1)) >> (PAGE_SHIFT - DEV_BSHIFT)) 443 444 #define ctodb(db) /* calculates pages to devblks */ \ 445 ((db) << (PAGE_SHIFT - DEV_BSHIFT)) 446 447 #define MJUMPAGESIZE PAGE_SIZE /* jumbo cluster 4k */ 448 #define MJUM9BYTES (9 * 1024) /* jumbo cluster 9k */ 449 #define MJUM16BYTES (16 * 1024) /* jumbo cluster 16k */ 450 451 /* 452 * MBUF Management. 453 * 454 * Because many drivers can't deal with multiple DMA segments all mbufs 455 * must avoid crossing a page boundary. While we can accomodate mbufs 456 * which are not a power-of-2 sized kmalloc() will only guarantee 457 * non-crossing alignment if we use a power-of-2. 256 is no longer large 458 * enough due to m_hdr and m_pkthdr bloat. 459 * 460 * MCLBYTES must be a power of 2 and is typically significantly larger 461 * than MSIZE, sufficient to hold a standard-mtu packet. 2K is considered 462 * reasonable. 463 */ 464 #ifndef MSIZE 465 #define MSIZE 512 /* size of an mbuf */ 466 #endif 467 468 #ifndef MCLSHIFT 469 #define MCLSHIFT 11 /* convert bytes to m_buf clusters */ 470 #endif 471 #define MCLBYTES (1 << MCLSHIFT) /* size of an m_buf cluster */ 472 #define MCLOFSET (MCLBYTES - 1) /* offset within an m_buf cluster */ 473 474 /* 475 * Make this available for most of the kernel. There were too many 476 * things that included sys/systm.h just for panic(). 477 */ 478 #ifdef _KERNEL 479 void panic (const char *, ...) __dead2 __printflike(1, 2); 480 #endif 481 482 #ifndef _BYTEORDER_FUNC_DEFINED 483 #define _BYTEORDER_FUNC_DEFINED 484 #define htonl(x) __htonl(x) 485 #define htons(x) __htons(x) 486 #define ntohl(x) __ntohl(x) 487 #define ntohs(x) __ntohs(x) 488 #endif 489 490 /* 491 * Access a variable length array that has been declared as a fixed 492 * length array. 493 */ 494 #define __PAST_END(array, offset) (((__typeof__(*(array)) *)(array))[offset]) 495 496 #endif /* _SYS_PARAM_H_ */ 497