sys/vm/vm_kern.c

/*
 * (MPSAFE)
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
 *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
 * The Mach Operating System project at Carnegie-Mellon University.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 *	from: @(#)vm_kern.c	8.3 (Berkeley) 1/12/94
 *
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1987, 1990 Carnegie-Mellon University.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Authors: Avadis Tevanian, Jr., Michael Wayne Young
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and
 * its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright
 * notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the
 * software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions
 * thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation.
 *
 * CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
 * CONDITION.  CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND
 * FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 *
 * Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
 *
 *  Software Distribution Coordinator  or  Software.Distribution@CS.CMU.EDU
 *  School of Computer Science
 *  Carnegie Mellon University
 *  Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
 *
 * any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie the
 * rights to redistribute these changes.
 *
 * $FreeBSD: src/sys/vm/vm_kern.c,v 1.61.2.2 2002/03/12 18:25:26 tegge Exp $
 */

/*
 *	Kernel memory management.
 */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/kernel.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>

#include <vm/vm.h>
#include <vm/vm_param.h>
#include <sys/lock.h>
#include <vm/pmap.h>
#include <vm/vm_map.h>
#include <vm/vm_object.h>
#include <vm/vm_page.h>
#include <vm/vm_pageout.h>
#include <vm/vm_kern.h>
#include <vm/vm_extern.h>

struct vm_map kernel_map;
struct vm_map clean_map;
struct vm_map buffer_map;

static __inline
int
KMVMCPU(int kmflags)
{
	if ((kmflags & KM_CPU_SPEC) == 0)
		return 0;
	return VM_ALLOC_CPU(KM_GETCPU(kmflags));
}

/*
 * Allocate pageable swap-backed anonymous memory
 */
void *
kmem_alloc_swapbacked(kmem_anon_desc_t *kp, vm_size_t size, vm_subsys_t id)
{
	int error;
	vm_pindex_t npages;

	size = round_page(size);
	npages = size / PAGE_SIZE;

	if (kp->map == NULL)
		kp->map = &kernel_map;
	kp->data = vm_map_min(&kernel_map);
	kp->size = size;
	kp->object = vm_object_allocate(OBJT_DEFAULT, npages);

	error = vm_map_find(kp->map, kp->object, NULL, 0,
			    &kp->data, size,
			    PAGE_SIZE, TRUE,
			    VM_MAPTYPE_NORMAL, id,
			    VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, 0);
	if (error) {
		kprintf("kmem_alloc_swapbacked: %zd bytes failed %d\n",
			size, error);
		kp->data = (vm_offset_t)0;
		kmem_free_swapbacked(kp);
		return NULL;
	}
	return ((void *)(intptr_t)kp->data);
}

void
kmem_free_swapbacked(kmem_anon_desc_t *kp)
{
	if (kp->data) {
		/*
		 * The object will be deallocated by kmem_free().
		 */
		kmem_free(kp->map, kp->data, kp->size);
		kp->data = (vm_offset_t)0;
	} else {
		/*
		 * Failure during allocation, object must be deallocated
		 * manually.
		 */
		vm_object_deallocate(kp->object);
	}
	kp->object = NULL;
}

/*
 * Allocate pageable memory to the kernel's address map.  "map" must
 * be kernel_map or a submap of kernel_map.  Caller must adjust map or
 * enter VM pages itself.
 *
 * No requirements.
 */
vm_offset_t
kmem_alloc_pageable(vm_map_t map, vm_size_t size, vm_subsys_t id)
{
	vm_offset_t addr;
	int result;

	size = round_page(size);
	addr = vm_map_min(map);
	result = vm_map_find(map, NULL, NULL,
			     (vm_offset_t) 0, &addr, size,
			     PAGE_SIZE, TRUE,
			     VM_MAPTYPE_NORMAL, id,
			     VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, 0);
	if (result != KERN_SUCCESS)
		return (0);
	return (addr);
}

/*
 * Same as kmem_alloc_pageable, except that it create a nofault entry.
 *
 * No requirements.
 */
vm_offset_t
kmem_alloc_nofault(vm_map_t map, vm_size_t size, vm_subsys_t id,
		   vm_size_t align)
{
	vm_offset_t addr;
	int result;

	size = round_page(size);
	addr = vm_map_min(map);
	result = vm_map_find(map, NULL, NULL,
			     (vm_offset_t) 0, &addr, size,
			     align, TRUE,
			     VM_MAPTYPE_NORMAL, id,
			     VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, MAP_NOFAULT);
	if (result != KERN_SUCCESS)
		return (0);
	return (addr);
}

/*
 * Allocate wired-down memory in the kernel's address map or a submap.
 *
 * No requirements.
 */
vm_offset_t
kmem_alloc3(vm_map_t map, vm_size_t size, vm_subsys_t id, int kmflags)
{
	vm_offset_t addr;
	vm_offset_t gstart;
	vm_offset_t i;
	int count;
	int cow;

	size = round_page(size);

	if (kmflags & KM_KRESERVE)
		count = vm_map_entry_kreserve(MAP_RESERVE_COUNT);
	else
		count = vm_map_entry_reserve(MAP_RESERVE_COUNT);

	if (kmflags & KM_STACK) {
		cow = MAP_IS_KSTACK;
		gstart = PAGE_SIZE;
	} else {
		cow = 0;
		gstart = 0;
	}

	/*
	 * Use the kernel object for wired-down kernel pages. Assume that no
	 * region of the kernel object is referenced more than once.
	 *
	 * Locate sufficient space in the map.  This will give us the final
	 * virtual address for the new memory, and thus will tell us the
	 * offset within the kernel map.
	 */
	vm_map_lock(map);
	if (vm_map_findspace(map, vm_map_min(map), size, PAGE_SIZE, 0, &addr)) {
		vm_map_unlock(map);
		if (kmflags & KM_KRESERVE)
			vm_map_entry_krelease(count);
		else
			vm_map_entry_release(count);
		return (0);
	}
	vm_object_hold(&kernel_object);
	vm_object_reference_locked(&kernel_object);
	vm_map_insert(map, &count,
		      &kernel_object, NULL,
		      addr, NULL,
		      addr, addr + size,
		      VM_MAPTYPE_NORMAL, id,
		      VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, cow);
	vm_object_drop(&kernel_object);

	vm_map_unlock(map);
	if (kmflags & KM_KRESERVE)
		vm_map_entry_krelease(count);
	else
		vm_map_entry_release(count);

	/*
	 * Guarantee that there are pages already in this object before
	 * calling vm_map_wire.  This is to prevent the following
	 * scenario:
	 *
	 * 1) Threads have swapped out, so that there is a pager for the
	 * kernel_object. 2) The kmsg zone is empty, and so we are
	 * kmem_allocing a new page for it. 3) vm_map_wire calls vm_fault;
	 * there is no page, but there is a pager, so we call
	 * pager_data_request.  But the kmsg zone is empty, so we must
	 * kmem_alloc. 4) goto 1 5) Even if the kmsg zone is not empty: when
	 * we get the data back from the pager, it will be (very stale)
	 * non-zero data.  kmem_alloc is defined to return zero-filled memory.
	 *
	 * We're intentionally not activating the pages we allocate to prevent a
	 * race with page-out.  vm_map_wire will wire the pages.
	 */
	vm_object_hold(&kernel_object);
	for (i = gstart; i < size; i += PAGE_SIZE) {
		vm_page_t mem;

		mem = vm_page_grab(&kernel_object, OFF_TO_IDX(addr + i),
				   VM_ALLOC_FORCE_ZERO | VM_ALLOC_NORMAL |
				   VM_ALLOC_RETRY | KMVMCPU(kmflags));
		vm_page_unqueue_nowakeup(mem);
		vm_page_wakeup(mem);
	}
	vm_object_drop(&kernel_object);

	/*
	 * And finally, mark the data as non-pageable.
	 *
	 * NOTE: vm_map_wire() handles any kstack guard.
	 */
	vm_map_wire(map, addr, addr + size, kmflags);

	return (addr);
}

/*
 * Release a region of kernel virtual memory allocated with kmem_alloc,
 * and return the physical pages associated with that region.
 *
 * WARNING!  If the caller entered pages into the region using pmap_kenter()
 * it must remove the pages using pmap_kremove[_quick]() before freeing the
 * underlying kmem, otherwise resident_count will be mistabulated.
 *
 * No requirements.
 */
void
kmem_free(vm_map_t map, vm_offset_t addr, vm_size_t size)
{
	vm_map_remove(map, trunc_page(addr), round_page(addr + size));
}

/*
 * Used to break a system map into smaller maps, usually to reduce
 * contention and to provide large KVA spaces for subsystems like the
 * buffer cache.
 *
 *	parent		Map to take range from
 *	result
 *	size		Size of range to find
 *	min, max	Returned endpoints of map
 *	pageable	Can the region be paged
 *
 * No requirements.
 */
void
kmem_suballoc(vm_map_t parent, vm_map_t result,
	      vm_offset_t *min, vm_offset_t *max, vm_size_t size)
{
	int ret;

	size = round_page(size);

	*min = (vm_offset_t) vm_map_min(parent);
	ret = vm_map_find(parent, NULL, NULL,
			  (vm_offset_t) 0, min, size,
			  PAGE_SIZE, TRUE,
			  VM_MAPTYPE_UNSPECIFIED, VM_SUBSYS_SYSMAP,
			  VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, 0);
	if (ret != KERN_SUCCESS) {
		kprintf("kmem_suballoc: bad status return of %d.\n", ret);
		panic("kmem_suballoc");
	}
	*max = *min + size;
	pmap_reference(vm_map_pmap(parent));
	vm_map_init(result, *min, *max, vm_map_pmap(parent));
	if ((ret = vm_map_submap(parent, *min, *max, result)) != KERN_SUCCESS)
		panic("kmem_suballoc: unable to change range to submap");
}

/*
 * Allocates pageable memory from a sub-map of the kernel.  If the submap
 * has no room, the caller sleeps waiting for more memory in the submap.
 *
 * No requirements.
 */
vm_offset_t
kmem_alloc_wait(vm_map_t map, vm_size_t size, vm_subsys_t id)
{
	vm_offset_t addr;
	int count;

	size = round_page(size);

	count = vm_map_entry_reserve(MAP_RESERVE_COUNT);

	for (;;) {
		/*
		 * To make this work for more than one map, use the map's lock
		 * to lock out sleepers/wakers.
		 */
		vm_map_lock(map);
		if (vm_map_findspace(map, vm_map_min(map),
				     size, PAGE_SIZE, 0, &addr) == 0) {
			break;
		}
		/* no space now; see if we can ever get space */
		if (vm_map_max(map) - vm_map_min(map) < size) {
			vm_map_entry_release(count);
			vm_map_unlock(map);
			return (0);
		}
		vm_map_unlock(map);
		tsleep(map, 0, "kmaw", 0);
	}
	vm_map_insert(map, &count,
		      NULL, NULL,
		      (vm_offset_t)0, NULL,
		      addr, addr + size,
		      VM_MAPTYPE_NORMAL, id,
		      VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, 0);
	vm_map_unlock(map);
	vm_map_entry_release(count);

	return (addr);
}

/*
 *  Allocates a region from the kernel address map and physical pages
 *  within the specified address range to the kernel object.  Creates a
 *  wired mapping from this region to these pages, and returns the
 *  region's starting virtual address.  The allocated pages are not
 *  necessarily physically contiguous.  If M_ZERO is specified through the
 *  given flags, then the pages are zeroed before they are mapped.
 */
vm_offset_t
kmem_alloc_attr(vm_map_t map, vm_size_t size, vm_subsys_t id,
		int flags, vm_paddr_t low,
		vm_paddr_t high, vm_memattr_t memattr)
{
	vm_offset_t addr, i, offset;
	vm_page_t m;
	int count;

	size = round_page(size);
	count = vm_map_entry_reserve(MAP_RESERVE_COUNT);
	vm_map_lock(map);
	if (vm_map_findspace(map, vm_map_min(map), size, PAGE_SIZE,
			     flags, &addr)) {
		vm_map_unlock(map);
		vm_map_entry_release(count);
		return (0);
	}
	offset = addr - vm_map_min(&kernel_map);
	vm_object_hold(&kernel_object);
	vm_object_reference_locked(&kernel_object);
	vm_map_insert(map, &count,
		      &kernel_object, NULL,
		      offset, NULL,
		      addr, addr + size,
		      VM_MAPTYPE_NORMAL, id,
		      VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, 0);
	vm_map_unlock(map);
	vm_map_entry_release(count);
	vm_object_drop(&kernel_object);
	for (i = 0; i < size; i += PAGE_SIZE) {
		m = vm_page_alloc_contig(low, high, PAGE_SIZE, 0,
					 PAGE_SIZE, memattr);
		if (!m) {
			return (0);
		}
		vm_object_hold(&kernel_object);
		vm_page_insert(m, &kernel_object, OFF_TO_IDX(offset + i));
		vm_object_drop(&kernel_object);
		if (flags & M_ZERO)
			pmap_zero_page(VM_PAGE_TO_PHYS(m));
		m->valid = VM_PAGE_BITS_ALL;
	}
	vm_map_wire(map, addr, addr + size, 0);
	return (addr);
}


/*
 * Returns memory to a submap of the kernel, and wakes up any processes
 * waiting for memory in that map.
 *
 * No requirements.
 */
void
kmem_free_wakeup(vm_map_t map, vm_offset_t addr, vm_size_t size)
{
	int count;

	count = vm_map_entry_reserve(MAP_RESERVE_COUNT);
	vm_map_lock(map);
	vm_map_delete(map, trunc_page(addr), round_page(addr + size), &count);
	wakeup(map);
	vm_map_unlock(map);
	vm_map_entry_release(count);
}

/*
 * Create the kernel_ma for (KvaStart,KvaEnd) and insert mappings to
 * cover areas already allocated or reserved thus far.
 *
 * The areas (virtual_start, virtual_end) and (virtual2_start, virtual2_end)
 * are available so the cutouts are the areas around these ranges between
 * KvaStart and KvaEnd.
 *
 * Depend on the zalloc bootstrap cache to get our vm_map_entry_t.
 * Called from the low level boot code only.
 */
void
kmem_init(void)
{
	vm_offset_t addr;
	vm_map_t m;
	int count;

	m = &kernel_map;
	vm_map_init(m, KvaStart, KvaEnd, &kernel_pmap);
	vm_map_lock(m);
	/* N.B.: cannot use kgdb to debug, starting with this assignment ... */
	m->system_map = 1;
	count = vm_map_entry_reserve(MAP_RESERVE_COUNT);
	addr = KvaStart;
	if (virtual2_start) {
		if (addr < virtual2_start) {
			vm_map_insert(m, &count,
				      NULL, NULL,
				      (vm_offset_t) 0, NULL,
				      addr, virtual2_start,
				      VM_MAPTYPE_NORMAL, VM_SUBSYS_RESERVED,
				      VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, 0);
		}
		addr = virtual2_end;
	}
	if (addr < virtual_start) {
		vm_map_insert(m, &count,
			      NULL, NULL,
			      (vm_offset_t) 0, NULL,
			      addr, virtual_start,
			      VM_MAPTYPE_NORMAL, VM_SUBSYS_RESERVED,
			      VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, 0);
	}
	addr = virtual_end;
	if (addr < KvaEnd) {
		vm_map_insert(m, &count,
			      NULL, NULL,
			      (vm_offset_t) 0, NULL,
			      addr, KvaEnd,
			      VM_MAPTYPE_NORMAL, VM_SUBSYS_RESERVED,
			      VM_PROT_ALL, VM_PROT_ALL, 0);
	}
	/* ... and ending with the completion of the above `insert' */
	vm_map_unlock(m);
	vm_map_entry_release(count);
}

/*
 * No requirements.
 */
static int
kvm_size(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
{
	unsigned long ksize = KvaSize;

	return sysctl_handle_long(oidp, &ksize, 0, req);
}
SYSCTL_PROC(_vm, OID_AUTO, kvm_size, CTLTYPE_ULONG|CTLFLAG_RD,
    0, 0, kvm_size, "LU", "Size of KVM");

/*
 * No requirements.
 */
static int
kvm_free(SYSCTL_HANDLER_ARGS)
{
	unsigned long kfree = virtual_end - kernel_vm_end;

	return sysctl_handle_long(oidp, &kfree, 0, req);
}
SYSCTL_PROC(_vm, OID_AUTO, kvm_free, CTLTYPE_ULONG|CTLFLAG_RD,
    0, 0, kvm_free, "LU", "Amount of KVM free");