1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)expand.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/9/93 33.\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/expand/expand.1,v 1.3.2.7 2003/02/25 00:54:13 trhodes Exp $ 34.\" $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/expand/expand.1,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:29:26 dillon Exp $ 35.\" 36.Dd April 21, 2002 37.Dt EXPAND 1 38.Os 39.Sh NAME 40.Nm expand , 41.Nm unexpand 42.Nd expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa 43.Sh SYNOPSIS 44.Nm 45.Oo 46.Fl t 47.Sm off 48.Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn 49.Sm on 50.Oc 51.Op Ar 52.Nm unexpand 53.Op Fl a 54.Oo 55.Fl t 56.Sm off 57.Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn 58.Sm on 59.Oc 60.Op Ar 61.Sh DESCRIPTION 62The 63.Nm 64utility processes the named files or the standard input writing 65the standard output with tabs changed into blanks. 66Backspace characters are preserved into the output and decrement 67the column count for tab calculations. 68The 69.Nm 70utility is useful for pre-processing character files 71(before sorting, looking at specific columns, etc.) that 72contain tabs. 73.Pp 74The 75.Nm unexpand 76utility puts tabs back into the data from the standard input or the named 77files and writes the result on the standard output. 78.Pp 79The following options are available: 80.Bl -tag -width indent 81.It Fl a 82.Nm ( unexpand 83only.) 84By default, only leading blanks and tabs 85are reconverted to maximal strings of tabs. If the 86.Fl a 87option is given, then tabs are inserted whenever they would compress the 88resultant file by replacing two or more characters. 89.It Fl t Sm Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn Sm 90Set tab stops at column positions 91.Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn . 92If only a single number is given, tab stops are set that number of 93column positions apart instead of the default number of 8. 94.El 95.Sh ENVIRONMENT 96The 97.Ev LANG , LC_ALL 98and 99.Ev LC_CTYPE 100environment variables affect the execution of 101.Nm 102and 103.Nm unexpand 104as described in 105.Xr environ 7 . 106.Sh EXIT STATUS 107.Ex -std expand unexpand 108.Sh STANDARDS 109The 110.Nm 111and 112.Nm unexpand 113utilities conform to 114.St -p1003.1-2001 . 115.Sh HISTORY 116The 117.Nm 118command appeared in 119.Bx 3.0 . 120