1.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 13.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 14.\" without specific prior written permission. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 17.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 19.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 20.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 21.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 22.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 23.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 24.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 25.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 26.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" @(#)expand.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/9/93 29.\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/expand/expand.1,v 1.3.2.7 2003/02/25 00:54:13 trhodes Exp $ 30.\" $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/expand/expand.1,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:29:26 dillon Exp $ 31.\" 32.Dd April 21, 2002 33.Dt EXPAND 1 34.Os 35.Sh NAME 36.Nm expand , 37.Nm unexpand 38.Nd expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa 39.Sh SYNOPSIS 40.Nm 41.Oo 42.Fl t 43.Sm off 44.Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn 45.Sm on 46.Oc 47.Op Ar 48.Nm unexpand 49.Op Fl a 50.Oo 51.Fl t 52.Sm off 53.Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn 54.Sm on 55.Oc 56.Op Ar 57.Sh DESCRIPTION 58The 59.Nm 60utility processes the named files or the standard input writing 61the standard output with tabs changed into blanks. 62Backspace characters are preserved into the output and decrement 63the column count for tab calculations. 64The 65.Nm 66utility is useful for pre-processing character files 67(before sorting, looking at specific columns, etc.) that 68contain tabs. 69.Pp 70The 71.Nm unexpand 72utility puts tabs back into the data from the standard input or the named 73files and writes the result on the standard output. 74.Pp 75The following options are available: 76.Bl -tag -width indent 77.It Fl a 78.Nm ( unexpand 79only.) 80By default, only leading blanks and tabs 81are reconverted to maximal strings of tabs. If the 82.Fl a 83option is given, then tabs are inserted whenever they would compress the 84resultant file by replacing two or more characters. 85.It Fl t Sm Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn Sm 86Set tab stops at column positions 87.Ar tab1 , tab2 , ... , tabn . 88If only a single number is given, tab stops are set that number of 89column positions apart instead of the default number of 8. 90.El 91.Sh ENVIRONMENT 92The 93.Ev LANG , LC_ALL 94and 95.Ev LC_CTYPE 96environment variables affect the execution of 97.Nm 98and 99.Nm unexpand 100as described in 101.Xr environ 7 . 102.Sh EXIT STATUS 103.Ex -std expand unexpand 104.Sh STANDARDS 105The 106.Nm 107and 108.Nm unexpand 109utilities conform to 110.St -p1003.1-2001 . 111.Sh HISTORY 112The 113.Nm 114command appeared in 115.Bx 3.0 . 116