1.\" Copyright (c) 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)jot.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 33.\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/jot/jot.1,v 1.8.2.6 2002/07/15 07:13:13 keramida Exp $ 34.\" $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/jot/jot.1,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:29:27 dillon Exp $ 35.\" 36.Dd June 6, 1993 37.Dt JOT 1 38.Os 39.Sh NAME 40.Nm jot 41.Nd print sequential or random data 42.Sh SYNOPSIS 43.Nm 44.Op Fl cnr 45.Op Fl b Ar word 46.Op Fl w Ar word 47.Op Fl s Ar string 48.Op Fl p Ar precision 49.Op Ar reps Op Ar begin Op Ar end Op Ar s 50.Sh DESCRIPTION 51The 52.Nm 53utility is used to print out increasing, decreasing, random, 54or redundant data, usually numbers, one per line. 55.Pp 56The following options are available: 57.Bl -tag -width indent 58.It Fl r 59Generate random data instead of the default sequential data. 60.It Fl b Ar word 61Just print 62.Ar word 63repetitively. 64.It Fl w Ar word 65Print 66.Ar word 67with the generated data appended to it. 68Octal, hexadecimal, exponential, 69.Tn ASCII , 70zero padded, 71and right-adjusted representations 72are possible by using the appropriate 73.Xr printf 3 74conversion specification inside 75.Ar word , 76in which case the data are inserted rather than appended. 77.It Fl c 78This is an abbreviation for 79.Fl w Ar %c . 80.It Fl s Ar string 81Print data separated by 82.Ar string . 83Normally, newlines separate data. 84.It Fl n 85Do not print the final newline normally appended to the output. 86.It Fl p Ar precision 87Print only as many digits or characters of the data 88as indicated by the integer 89.Ar precision . 90In the absence of 91.Fl p , 92the precision is the greater of the precisions of 93.Ar begin 94and 95.Ar end . 96The 97.Fl p 98option is overridden by whatever appears in a 99.Xr printf 3 100conversion following 101.Fl w . 102.El 103.Pp 104The last four arguments indicate, respectively, 105the number of data, the lower bound, the upper bound, 106and the step size or, for random data, the seed. 107While at least one of them must appear, 108any of the other three may be omitted, and 109will be considered as such if given as 110.Fl "" . 111Any three of these arguments determines the fourth. 112If four are specified and the given and computed values of 113.Ar reps 114conflict, the lower value is used. 115If fewer than three are specified, defaults are assigned 116left to right, except for 117.Ar s , 118which assumes its default unless both 119.Ar begin 120and 121.Ar end 122are given. 123.Pp 124Defaults for the four arguments are, respectively, 125100, 1, 100, and 1, except that when random data are requested, 126the seed, 127.Ar s , 128is picked randomly. 129The 130.Ar reps 131argument is expected to be an unsigned integer, 132and if given as zero is taken to be infinite. 133The 134.Ar begin 135and 136.Ar end 137arguments may be given as real numbers or as characters 138representing the corresponding value in 139.Tn ASCII . 140The last argument must be a real number. 141.Pp 142Random numbers are obtained through 143.Xr random 3 . 144The name 145.Nm 146derives in part from 147.Nm iota , 148a function in APL. 149.Sh EXAMPLES 150The command 151.Dl jot 21 -1 1.00 152.Pp 153prints 21 evenly spaced numbers increasing from -1 to 1. 154The 155.Tn ASCII 156character set is generated with 157.Dl jot -c 128 0 158.Pp 159and the strings xaa through xaz with 160.Dl jot -w xa%c 26 a 161.Pp 162while 20 random 8-letter strings are produced with 163.Dl "jot -r -c 160 a z | rs -g 0 8" 164.Pp 165Infinitely many 166.Em yes Ns 's 167may be obtained through 168.Dl jot -b yes 0 169.Pp 170and thirty 171.Xr ed 1 172substitution commands applying to lines 2, 7, 12, etc. is 173the result of 174.Dl jot -w %ds/old/new/ 30 2 - 5 175.Pp 176The stuttering sequence 9, 9, 8, 8, 7, etc. can be 177produced by suitable choice of step size, 178as in 179.Dl jot - 9 0 -.5 180.Pp 181and a file containing exactly 1024 bytes is created with 182.Dl jot -b x 512 > block 183.Pp 184Finally, to set tabs four spaces apart starting 185from column 10 and ending in column 132, use 186.Dl expand -`jot -s, - 10 132 4` 187.Pp 188and to print all lines 80 characters or longer, 189.Dl grep `jot -s \&"\&" -b \&. 80` 190.Sh DIAGNOSTICS 191.Ex -std 192The following diagnostic messages deserve special explanation: 193.Bl -diag 194.It "illegal or unsupported format '%s'" 195The requested conversion format specifier for 196.Xr printf 3 197was not of the form 198.Dl %[#][ ][{+,-}][0-9]*[.[0-9]*]? 199where 200.Dq ?\& 201must be one of 202.Dl [l]{d,i,o,u,x} 203or 204.Dl {c,e,f,g,D,E,G,O,U,X} 205.It "range error in conversion" 206A value to be printed fell outside the range of the data type 207associated with the requested output format. 208.It "too many conversions" 209More than one conversion format specifier has been supplied, 210but only one is allowed. 211.El 212.Sh SEE ALSO 213.Xr ed 1 , 214.Xr expand 1 , 215.Xr rs 1 , 216.Xr yes 1 , 217.Xr printf 3 , 218.Xr random 3 219