1.\" Copyright (c) 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 13.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 18.\" without specific prior written permission. 19.\" 20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 30.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 31.\" 32.\" @(#)lam.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 33.\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/lam/lam.1,v 1.4.2.6 2002/06/21 15:27:34 charnier Exp $ 34.\" $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/lam/lam.1,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:29:27 dillon Exp $ 35.\" 36.Dd September 20, 2001 37.Dt LAM 1 38.Os 39.Sh NAME 40.Nm lam 41.Nd laminate files 42.Sh SYNOPSIS 43.Nm 44.Op Fl f Ar min . Ns Ar max 45.Op Fl s Ar sepstring 46.Op Fl t Ar c 47.Ar 48.Nm 49.Op Fl p Ar min . Ns Ar max 50.Op Fl s Ar sepstring 51.Op Fl t Ar c 52.Ar 53.Sh DESCRIPTION 54The 55.Nm 56utility copies the named files side by side onto the standard output. 57The 58.Em n-th 59input lines from the input 60.Ar files 61are considered fragments of the single long 62.Em n-th 63output line into which they are assembled. 64The name `\fB\-\fP' means the standard input, and may be repeated. 65.Pp 66Normally, each option affects only the 67.Ar file 68after it. 69If the option letter is capitalized it affects all subsequent files 70until it appears again uncapitalized. 71The options are described below: 72.Bl -tag -width indent 73.It Fl f Ar min . Ns Ar max 74Print line fragments according to the format string 75.Ar min . Ns Ar max , 76where 77.Ar min 78is the minimum field width and 79.Ar max 80the maximum field width. 81If 82.Ar min 83begins with a zero, zeros will be added to make up the field width, 84and if it begins with a `\-', the fragment will be left-adjusted 85within the field. 86.It Fl p Ar min . Ns Ar max 87Like 88.Fl f , 89but pad this file's field when end-of-file is reached 90and other files are still active. 91.It Fl s Ar sepstring 92Print 93.Ar sepstring 94before printing line fragments from the next file. 95This option may appear after the last file. 96.It Fl t Ar c 97The input line terminator is 98.Ar c 99instead of a newline. 100The newline normally appended to each output line is omitted. 101.El 102.Pp 103To print files simultaneously for easy viewing use 104.Xr pr 1 . 105.Sh EXAMPLES 106The command 107.Bd -literal 108lam file1 file2 file3 file4 109.Ed 110.Pp 111joins 4 files together along each line. 112To merge the lines from four different files use 113.Bd -literal 114lam file1 \-S "\\ 115" file2 file3 file4 116.Ed 117.Pp 118Every 2 lines of a file may be joined on one line with 119.Bd -literal 120lam \- \- < file 121.Ed 122.Pp 123and a form letter with substitutions keyed by `@' can be done with 124.Bd -literal 125lam \-t @ letter changes 126.Ed 127.Sh SEE ALSO 128.Xr join 1 , 129.Xr paste 1 , 130.Xr pr 1 , 131.Xr printf 3 132.Sh STANDARDS 133Some of the functionality of 134.Nm 135is standardized as the 136.Xr paste 1 137utility by 138.St -p1003.2 . 139