1.\" Copyright (c) 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 6.\" are met: 7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 12.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 13.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 14.\" without specific prior written permission. 15.\" 16.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 17.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 19.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 20.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 21.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 22.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 23.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 24.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 25.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 26.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\" 28.\" @(#)lam.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 29.\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/lam/lam.1,v 1.4.2.6 2002/06/21 15:27:34 charnier Exp $ 30.\" $DragonFly: src/usr.bin/lam/lam.1,v 1.2 2003/06/17 04:29:27 dillon Exp $ 31.\" 32.Dd September 20, 2001 33.Dt LAM 1 34.Os 35.Sh NAME 36.Nm lam 37.Nd laminate files 38.Sh SYNOPSIS 39.Nm 40.Op Fl f Ar min . Ns Ar max 41.Op Fl s Ar sepstring 42.Op Fl t Ar c 43.Ar 44.Nm 45.Op Fl p Ar min . Ns Ar max 46.Op Fl s Ar sepstring 47.Op Fl t Ar c 48.Ar 49.Sh DESCRIPTION 50The 51.Nm 52utility copies the named files side by side onto the standard output. 53The 54.Em n-th 55input lines from the input 56.Ar files 57are considered fragments of the single long 58.Em n-th 59output line into which they are assembled. 60The name `\fB\-\fP' means the standard input, and may be repeated. 61.Pp 62Normally, each option affects only the 63.Ar file 64after it. 65If the option letter is capitalized it affects all subsequent files 66until it appears again uncapitalized. 67The options are described below: 68.Bl -tag -width indent 69.It Fl f Ar min . Ns Ar max 70Print line fragments according to the format string 71.Ar min . Ns Ar max , 72where 73.Ar min 74is the minimum field width and 75.Ar max 76the maximum field width. 77If 78.Ar min 79begins with a zero, zeros will be added to make up the field width, 80and if it begins with a `\-', the fragment will be left-adjusted 81within the field. 82.It Fl p Ar min . Ns Ar max 83Like 84.Fl f , 85but pad this file's field when end-of-file is reached 86and other files are still active. 87.It Fl s Ar sepstring 88Print 89.Ar sepstring 90before printing line fragments from the next file. 91This option may appear after the last file. 92.It Fl t Ar c 93The input line terminator is 94.Ar c 95instead of a newline. 96The newline normally appended to each output line is omitted. 97.El 98.Pp 99To print files simultaneously for easy viewing use 100.Xr pr 1 . 101.Sh EXAMPLES 102The command 103.Bd -literal 104lam file1 file2 file3 file4 105.Ed 106.Pp 107joins 4 files together along each line. 108To merge the lines from four different files use 109.Bd -literal 110lam file1 \-S "\\ 111" file2 file3 file4 112.Ed 113.Pp 114Every 2 lines of a file may be joined on one line with 115.Bd -literal 116lam \- \- < file 117.Ed 118.Pp 119and a form letter with substitutions keyed by `@' can be done with 120.Bd -literal 121lam \-t @ letter changes 122.Ed 123.Sh SEE ALSO 124.Xr join 1 , 125.Xr paste 1 , 126.Xr pr 1 , 127.Xr printf 3 128.Sh STANDARDS 129Some of the functionality of 130.Nm 131is standardized as the 132.Xr paste 1 133utility by 134.St -p1003.2 . 135