1.\" $NetBSD: last.1,v 1.9 2002/09/30 11:09:04 grant Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 4.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 15.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 16.\" without specific prior written permission. 17.\" 18.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 19.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 20.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 21.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 22.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 23.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 24.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 25.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 26.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 27.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 28.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 29.\" 30.\" @(#)last.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 31.\" 32.Dd June 6, 1993 33.Dt LAST 1 34.Os 35.Sh NAME 36.Nm last 37.Nd indicate last logins of users and ttys 38.Sh SYNOPSIS 39.Nm 40.Op Fl Ns Ar n 41.Op Fl T 42.Op Fl f Ar file 43.Op Fl h Ar host 44.Op Fl t Ar tty 45.Op Fl L Ar linesize 46.Op Fl N Ar namesize 47.Op Fl H Ar hostsize 48.Op user ... 49.Sh DESCRIPTION 50.Nm 51will list the sessions of specified 52.Ar users , 53.Ar ttys , 54and 55.Ar hosts , 56in reverse time order. 57Each line of output contains 58the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any 59hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration 60of the session. 61If the session is still continuing or was cut short by 62a crash or shutdown, 63.Nm 64will so indicate. 65.Bl -tag -width indent-two 66.It Fl f Ar file 67.Nm 68reads the file 69.Ar file 70instead of the default, 71.Pa /var/log/wtmpx 72or 73.Pa /var/log/wtmp . 74If the file ends with `x', it is treated as a 75.Xr utmpx 5 76format file, else it is treated as a 77.Xr utmp 5 78format file. 79.It Fl Ar n 80Limits the report to 81.Ar n 82lines. 83.It Fl t Ar tty 84Specify the 85.Ar tty . 86Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example, 87.Dq Li "last -t 03" 88is 89equivalent to 90.Dq Li "last -t tty03" . 91.It Fl h Ar host 92.Ar Host 93names may be names or internet numbers. 94.It Fl T 95Display better time information, including the year and seconds. 96.It Fl L Ar linesize 97Use the provided linesize as the width to format the tty field. 98.It Fl N Ar namesize 99Use the provided namesize as the width to format the login name field. 100.It Fl H Ar hostsize 101Use the provided hostsize as the width to format the host name field. 102.El 103.Pp 104If 105multiple arguments are given, the information which applies to any of the 106arguments is printed, e.g., 107.Dq Li "last root -t console" 108would list all of 109.Dq Li root Ns 's 110sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal. 111If no users, hostnames or terminals are specified, 112.Nm 113prints a record of 114all logins and logouts. 115.Pp 116The pseudo-user 117.Ar reboot 118logs in at reboots of the system, thus 119.Dq Li last reboot 120will give an indication of mean time between reboot. 121.Pp 122If 123.Nm 124is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has 125progressed. 126If interrupted with a quit signal 127.Nm 128indicates how 129far the search has progressed and then continues. 130.Sh FILES 131.Bl -tag -width /var/log/wtmpx -compact 132.It Pa /var/log/wtmpx 133login data base 134.It Pa /var/log/wtmp 135login data base 136.El 137.Sh SEE ALSO 138.Xr lastcomm 1 , 139.Xr utmpx 5 , 140.Xr utmp 5 , 141.Xr ac 8 142.Sh HISTORY 143.Nm 144appeared in 145.Bx 3.0 . 146