1.\" $NetBSD: last.1,v 1.9 2002/09/30 11:09:04 grant Exp $ 2.\" 3.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993 4.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 5.\" 6.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 7.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 8.\" are met: 9.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 15.\" must display the following acknowledgement: 16.\" This product includes software developed by the University of 17.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. 18.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 19.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 20.\" without specific prior written permission. 21.\" 22.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 23.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 24.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 25.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 26.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 27.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 28.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 29.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 30.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 31.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 32.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 33.\" 34.\" @(#)last.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93 35.\" 36.Dd June 6, 1993 37.Dt LAST 1 38.Os 39.Sh NAME 40.Nm last 41.Nd indicate last logins of users and ttys 42.Sh SYNOPSIS 43.Nm 44.Op Fl Ns Ar n 45.Op Fl T 46.Op Fl f Ar file 47.Op Fl h Ar host 48.Op Fl t Ar tty 49.Op Fl L Ar linesize 50.Op Fl N Ar namesize 51.Op Fl H Ar hostsize 52.Op user ... 53.Sh DESCRIPTION 54.Nm 55will list the sessions of specified 56.Ar users , 57.Ar ttys , 58and 59.Ar hosts , 60in reverse time order. 61Each line of output contains 62the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any 63hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration 64of the session. 65If the session is still continuing or was cut short by 66a crash or shutdown, 67.Nm 68will so indicate. 69.Bl -tag -width indent-two 70.It Fl f Ar file 71.Nm 72reads the file 73.Ar file 74instead of the default, 75.Pa /var/log/wtmpx 76or 77.Pa /var/log/wtmp . 78If the file ends with `x', it is treated as a 79.Xr utmpx 5 80format file, else it is treated as a 81.Xr utmp 5 82format file. 83.It Fl Ar n 84Limits the report to 85.Ar n 86lines. 87.It Fl t Ar tty 88Specify the 89.Ar tty . 90Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example, 91.Dq Li "last -t 03" 92is 93equivalent to 94.Dq Li "last -t tty03" . 95.It Fl h Ar host 96.Ar Host 97names may be names or internet numbers. 98.It Fl T 99Display better time information, including the year and seconds. 100.It Fl L Ar linesize 101Use the provided linesize as the width to format the tty field. 102.It Fl N Ar namesize 103Use the provided namesize as the width to format the login name field. 104.It Fl H Ar hostsize 105Use the provided hostsize as the width to format the host name field. 106.El 107.Pp 108If 109multiple arguments are given, the information which applies to any of the 110arguments is printed, e.g., 111.Dq Li "last root -t console" 112would list all of 113.Dq Li root Ns 's 114sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal. 115If no users, hostnames or terminals are specified, 116.Nm 117prints a record of 118all logins and logouts. 119.Pp 120The pseudo-user 121.Ar reboot 122logs in at reboots of the system, thus 123.Dq Li last reboot 124will give an indication of mean time between reboot. 125.Pp 126If 127.Nm 128is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has 129progressed. 130If interrupted with a quit signal 131.Nm 132indicates how 133far the search has progressed and then continues. 134.Sh FILES 135.Bl -tag -width /var/log/wtmpx -compact 136.It Pa /var/log/wtmpx 137login data base 138.It Pa /var/log/wtmp 139login data base 140.El 141.Sh SEE ALSO 142.Xr lastcomm 1 , 143.Xr utmpx 5 , 144.Xr utmp 5 , 145.Xr ac 8 146.Sh HISTORY 147.Nm 148appeared in 149.Bx 3.0 . 150